Huey P. Newton - Knowledge

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of the Panthers, Louis Johnson, was killed, and the other two assailants escaped. One of the two surviving assassins, Flores Forbes, fled to Las Vegas, Nevada, with the help of Panther paramedic Nelson Malloy. In November 1977, Malloy was found by park rangers paralyzed from the waist down from bullet wounds to the back in a shallow grave in the desert outside of Las Vegas. According to Malloy, he and Forbes were ordered by "higher-ups" to be killed to eliminate any eyewitness accounts of the attempted murder of Crystal Gray. Malloy recovered from the assault and told police that fellow Panthers Rollin Reid and Allen Lewis were behind his attempted murder. Newton denied any involvement or knowledge and said that the events "might have been the result of overzealous party members." After the assassination attempt on Crystal Gray, she declined to testify against Newton. After two trials and two deadlocked juries, the prosecution decided not to retry Newton for Smith's murder. Journalist

1287: 33: 1835: 1341: 2418: 1252: 5759: 1161:, a set of guidelines to the Black Panther Party's ideals and ways of operation. The group believed that violence – or the threat of it – might be needed to bring about social change. They sometimes made news with a show of force, as they did when they entered the California Legislature fully armed in order to protest a gun bill aimed at disarming them. 483: 2404: 1150:. Newton stated: "Therefore, the words on this page cannot convey the effect that Malcolm has had on the Black Panther Party, although, as far as I am concerned, the Party is a living testament to his life work." The party achieved national and international renown through their deep involvement in the 1932:. Some 1,300 mourners were accommodated inside, and another 500 to 600 listened to the service from outside. Newton's achievements in civil rights and work on behalf of Black children and families with the Black Panther Party were celebrated. Newton's body was cremated, and his ashes were interred at 1217:

Newton had been convicted of assault with a deadly weapon for repeatedly stabbing another man, Odell Lee, with a steak knife in mid-1964. He served six months in prison. By October 27–28, 1967, he was out celebrating the release from his probationary period. Just before dawn on October 28, Newton and

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Uh, we view each other with a great love and a great understanding. And that we try to expand this to the general black population, and also, people oppressed people all over the world. And, I think that we differ from some other groups simply because we understand the system better than most groups

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Heanes testified that the shooting began after Newton was under arrest, and one witness testified that Newton shot Frey with Frey's own gun as they wrestled. No gun on either Frey or Newton was found. Newton stated that Frey shot him first, which made him lose consciousness during the incident. Frey

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Newton would frequent pool halls, campuses, bars and other locations deep in the black community where people gathered in order to organize and recruit for the Panthers. While recruiting, Newton sought to educate those around him about the legality of self-defense. One of the reasons, he argued, why

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of African-Americans out of the South. The Newton family was close-knit but quite poor. They moved often within the San Francisco Bay Area during Newton's childhood. Despite this, Newton said he never went without food and shelter as a child. As a teenager, he was arrested several times for criminal

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During Newton's trial for assaulting the tailor, the tailor, who changed his testimony several times, eventually told the jury that he did not know who assaulted him. Newton was acquitted of the assault in September 1978, but convicted of illegal firearms possession and served 9 months in prison in

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In October 1977, three Black Panthers attempted to assassinate Crystal Gray, a key prosecution witness in Newton's upcoming trial who had been present the day of Kathleen Smith's murder. Unknown to the assailants, they attacked the wrong house and the occupant returned fire. During the shootout one

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course adopted as part of the college's curriculum. Newton learned about black history from Donald Warden (who later would change his name to Khalid Abdullah Tariq Al-Mansour), the leader of the AAA. Later Newton concluded that Warden offered solutions that didn't work. In his autobiography, Newton

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During those long years in Oakland public schools, I did not have one teacher who taught me anything relevant to my own life or experience. Not one instructor ever awoke in me a desire to learn more or to question or to explore the worlds of literature, science, and history. All they did was try to

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for the killing of Frey and was sentenced to 2 to 15 years in prison. In May 1970, the California Appellate Court reversed the conviction and ordered a new trial. After two subsequent trials ended in hung juries, the district attorney said he would not pursue a fourth trial, and the Alameda County

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did not satisfy my stubborn thirst for answers." Later, however, he stated that "As far as I am concerned, when all of the questions are not answered, when the extraordinary is not explained, when the unknown is not known, then there is room for God because the unexplained and the unknown is God."

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Newton was subsequently arrested a second time for the murder of Smith, but was able to post an additional $ 80,000 bond, thus securing his release until trial. Newton and his girlfriend (later his wife) Gwen Fontaine then fled to Havana, Cuba, where they lived until 1977, which prevented further

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claimed the goal of the Free Huey! campaign was to elevate Newton as a symbol of everything the Black Panther Party stood for, creating something of a living martyr. The trial, which began on July 15, quickly ascended beyond the scope of Newton himself, evolving into a racially-charged political

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took Newton to Oakland's Kaiser Hospital, where he was admitted with a bullet wound to the abdomen. Newton was soon handcuffed to his bed and arrested for Frey's killing. A doctor, Thomas Finch, and nurse, Corrine Leonard, attended to Newton when he arrived at the hospital, and Finch stated that

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On August 6, 1974, Kathleen Smith, a 17-year-old Oakland native and child prostitute was shot; she died three months later. According to the prosecutor handling the case, Newton is believed to have shot Smith after a casual exchange on the street during which she referred to him as "Baby," a

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Under the leadership of the Black Panther Party and the Peace and Freedom Party, 5,000 protesters gathered in Oakland on Newton's birthday, February 17, 1968, in support of Newton. They garnered the attention of international news organizations, raising the profile of the party by astounding

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Newton also wrote in his autobiography, "I tried to transform many of the so-called criminal activities going on in the street into something political, although this had to be done gradually." He attempted to channel these "daily activities for survival" into significant community actions.

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In 1982, Newton was accused of embezzling $ 600,000 of state aid to the Panther-founded Oakland Community School. In the wake of the embezzlement charges, Newton disbanded the Black Panther Party. The embezzlement charges were dropped six years later in March 1989, after Newton pleaded

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program on February 18, 2006. After the decline of the Black Panther Party, Huey P. Newton completed and copyrighted dozens of essays on philosophy, political theology, evolutionary biology, and political economy which remain unpublished and held in archive at Stanford University.

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On February 17, 2021, in commemoration of the Black Panther Party the City of Oakland erected a bust of Huey Newton near the street corner where he was murdered. That same year, a commemorative plaque "Dr. Huey P. Newton Way" was applied to this section of 9th Street.

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In 1970, after his release from prison, Newton received an invitation to visit the People's Republic of China. On learning of Nixon's plan to visit China in 1972, Newton decided to visit before him. Newton made the trip in late September 1971 with fellow Panthers,

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section of Oakland, California. Within days, Tyrone Robinson was arrested as a suspect; he was on parole and admitted the murder to police, claiming self-defense, though police found no evidence that Newton was carrying a gun. In 1991, Robinson was convicted of

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Newton was arrested on the day of the shooting on October 28, 1967, and pled not guilty to the murder of officer John Frey. The Black Panther Party immediately went to work organizing a coalition to rally behind Newton and champion his release. In December the

2243:, Newton is referenced in the lyrics "31 years ago I would've been a Panther. They killed Huey cause they knew he had the answer. The views that you see in the news is propaganda." As well as in the outro of the song, which samples an interview with Newton: 289:, which became one of America's most widely distributed African-American newspapers. In 1967, he was involved in a shootout which led to the death of police officer John Frey and injuries to himself and another police officer. In 1968, he was convicted of 1196:

Newton and the Panthers started a number of social programs in Oakland, including founding the Oakland Community School, which provided high-level education to 150 children from impoverished urban neighborhoods. Other Panther programs included the

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for Frey's death and sentenced to 2 to 15 years in prison. In May 1970, the conviction was reversed and after two subsequent trials ended in hung juries, the charges were dropped. Later in life, he was also accused of murdering Kathleen Smith and

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understand the system. And with this realization, we attempt to form a strong political base based in the community with the only strength that we have and that's the strength of a potentially destructive force if we don't get freedom.

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Bae, Aaron Byungjoo (November 1, 2017). ""The Struggle for Freedom, Justice, and Equality Transcends Racial and National Boundaries": Anti-Imperialism, Multiracial Alliances, and the Free Huey Movement in the San Francisco Bay Area".

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Eventually, the illicit activities of a few members would be superimposed on the social program work performed by the Panthers, and this mischaracterization would lose them some support in black communities and white.

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a friend were pulled over by Oakland Police Department officer John Frey. Realizing who Newton was, Frey called for backup. After fellow officer Herbert Heanes arrived, shots were fired, and all three were wounded.

1978:"analyzes certain features of the Party and incidents that are significant in its development", among which are how the United States federal government responded to the BPP as well as to the assassinations of 1142:(BPP) in October 1966. Based on a casual conversation, Seale became chairman and Newton became minister of defense. The Black Panther Party was an African-American left-wing organization advocating for the 1312:

movement. Over the two-year course of Newton's original trial and two appeals, the coalition continued to offer its support until the charges were overturned and Newton was released on August 5, 1970.

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and others that offered dances for teenagers and training in martial arts. According to Oakland County Supervisor John George: "Huey could take street-gang types and give them a social consciousness."

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says of Warden, "The mass media, the oppressors, give him public exposure for only one reason: he will lead the people away from the truth of their situation." In college, Newton read the works of

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mosques, he wrote that "I have had enough of religion and could not bring myself to adopt another one. I needed a more concrete understanding of social conditions. References to God or

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During the trip, the Chinese arranged for him to meet and have dinner with an ambassador from North Korea, an ambassador from Tanzania, and delegations from both North Vietnam and the

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took over as chairperson of the Black Panther Party in his absence. Newton returned to the United States in 1977 to stand trial for the murder of Smith and the assault on the tailor.

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tests, prison busing for families of inmates, legal advice seminars, clothing banks, housing cooperatives, and their own ambulance service. The most famous of these programs was the

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and Robert Bay, and stayed for 10 days. At every Chinese airport he landed in, Newton was greeted by thousands of people waving copies of the "Little Red Book" (officially titled

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Newton continued his education, studying at San Francisco Law School, and the University of California at Santa Cruz, where he earned a bachelor's degree. He was a member of

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in that parish. Most murders had taken place around the turn of the 20th century. This was the fifth-highest total of lynchings of any county in the Southern United States.

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he established in Guyana for his followers, Newton spoke to Temple members in Jonestown via telephone expressing support for Jones during one of the Temple's earliest "

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Black people continued to be persecuted was their lack of knowledge of the social institutions that could be made to work in their favor. In Newton's autobiography,

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and sentenced to a prison term of 32 years to life. His next parole hearing is set for November 2028. Robinson stated that his motive was to advance in the

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measures. The phrase "Free Huey!" was adopted as a rallying cry for the movement, and it was printed on buttons and T-shirts. Prominent Black Panther

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offenses, including gun possession and vandalism at age 14. Growing up in Oakland, Newton stated that he was "made to feel ashamed of being black".

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to a single allegation of cashing a $ 15,000 state check for personal use. He was sentenced to six months in jail and 18 months probation.

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childhood nickname he hated. The main witness of this case refused to testify due to an assassination attempt against her and, after two

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Rower, Alyssa; Belk, Caroline (2003). "People of the State of California, Plaintiff-Respondent v. Miranda Moore, Defendant-Appellate".

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In 2012, French LFKs collective presented a contemporary opera referring to Huey P. Newton, directed by Jean Michel Bruyère at the

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Newton received a bachelor's degree from the University of California at Santa Cruz in 1974. In 1978, while in prison, Newton met

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was shot four times and died within the hour, while Heanes was left in serious condition with three bullet wounds. Black Panther

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In the early hours of August 22, 1989, Newton was murdered in front of 1456 9th Street, near the corner of Center Street in the

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Huey Newton talks to the movement about the Black Panther Party, cultural nationalism, SNCC, liberals and white revolutionaries

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Newton was born in Monroe, Louisiana in 1942 during World War II, the youngest child of Armelia Johnson and Walter Newton, a

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references Newton in a song stating "It's time to fight back that's what Huey said, two shots in the dark now Huey's dead."

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stated in an interview that Newton repeatedly raped her and threatened that if she told anyone he would hurt her children.

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The party's political goals, including better housing, jobs, and education for African-Americans, were documented in their

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As a response to the violence, the Newton family migrated to Oakland, California, participating in the second wave of the

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The Black Panthers Speak – The Manifesto of the Party: The First Complete Documentary Record of the Panther's Program

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program which fed thousands of impoverished children daily during the early 1970s. Newton also co-founded the

6264: 5455: 5430: 5288: 5171: 4486:"Intercommunalism: The Late Theorizations of Huey P. Newton, 'Chief Theoretician' of the Black Panther Party" 4373: 4169: 1905: 1668: 1591: 1413: 746: 671: 433:, he states: "Most of all, I questioned what was happening in my own family and in the community around me." 402: 372: 283: 3600: 6269: 6148: 6138: 6088: 5791: 5301: 4734: 3335: 1997:

Later, Newton's widow, Fredrika Newton, would discuss her husband's often-ignored academic research during

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As a student of the Merritt College in Oakland, Newton became involved in Bay Area politics. He joined the

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rob me of the sense of my own uniqueness and worth, and in the process nearly killed my urge to inquire.

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Under Newton's leadership, the Black Panther Party founded over 60 community support programs (renamed

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Newton was "agitated" when asking for treatment and that Newton was given a tranquilizer to calm him.

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program in 1980. In 1989, he was murdered in Oakland, California by Tyrone Robinson, a member of the

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for black people in the United States. The Black Panther Party's beliefs were greatly influenced by

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Trivers, R. L.; H. P. Newton (November 1982). "The crash of flight 90: doomed by self-deception?".

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Newton, Huey P.; Hilliard, David; Weise, Donald (2002). "'Crisis: October 28, 1967' and 'Trial'".

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Black Faith and Public Talk – Critical Essays on James H. Cone's Black Theology and Black Power

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album (1998) is about the activities of the Black Panther Party when Newton was an activist.

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and used his position as a leader within the Black Panther Party to welcome women as well.

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The politics of betrayal: Renegades and ex-radicals from Mussolini to Christopher Hitchens

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from the University of California at Santa Cruz in 1980. His doctoral dissertation titled

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Newton's funeral was held at Allen Temple Baptist Church, which he attended following his

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after Newton applied to do a reading course with Trivers as part of a graduate degree in

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Following Newton's Asian trip, the Black Panther Party began incorporating North Korea's

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Newton is also alleged to have assaulted his tailor over the price of a suit. Newton

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was an influential work in Newton's early adult life; he told the court during the

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The Shadow of the Panther: Huey Newton and the Price of Black Power in America

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references Newton with the line "I'll take a slug for the 'cause like Huey P."

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By the 1970s, Newton had allegedly become increasingly paranoid, addicted to

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A button supporting the campaign to release Huey P. Newton, founder of the

1112: 1038: 1023: 819: 804: 789: 558: 352: 343: 4634:"Huey Newton Symbolized the Rising Black Anger of a Generation" (obituary) 4280: 3342:. Lexington, North Carolina. United Press International. December 15, 1971 5970: 5404: 5227: 5140: 4883: 4778: 4015: 2471: 1918: 1678: 1556: 1506: 1428: 1151: 1135: 1128: 839: 829: 588: 522: 474: 427:. After that, he started "questioning everything". In his autobiography, 260: 2116:(Harlem River Press, 1996: the published version of Newton's PhD thesis) 5930: 5709: 5689: 5369: 5186: 5176: 5120: 5034: 4953: 4868: 3427: 3410: 2844:

Seize the Time: The Story of the Black Panther Party and Huey P. Newton

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Kaleb Causey, "Ouachita Parish's bloody past appears in lynching study"

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Framing the Black Panthers: The Spectacular Rise of a Black Power Icon

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fraternity's Beta Tau chapter, and played a role in getting the first

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features extensive interviews with Newton during his incarceration.

1526: 1165: 1003: 993: 371:, from 1877 to 1950, a total of 37 Black people were documented as 3632:. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Archived from 2751:"The Socratic Black Panther: Reading Huey P. Newton Reading Plato" 2569:"The Socratic Black Panther: Reading Huey P. Newton Reading Plato" 517: 359:, former governor of Louisiana. Monroe is located in Louisiana's 2792:(Penguin Classics Deluxe Edition, 2009). Chapter 8: "Moving On". 4113:"Huey Newton Symbolized the Rising Black Anger of a Generation" 3525: 3523: 1998: 1266: 4665:

Horowitz, David. "Hating Whitey and Other Progressive Causes"

4552:"Free Huey: Aaron McGruder's Outer Child is Taking on America" 440:. He later continued his studies and, in 1980, he completed a 5940: 4374:"Black Panther Party v. Levi, 483 F. Supp. 251 (D.D.C. 1980)" 3810: 3808: 2902:

Stephen, Curtis (September–October 2006). "Life of A Party".

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Raven: The Untold Story of Reverend Jim Jones and His People

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Raven: The Untold Story of Reverend Jim Jones and His People

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Lynching in America: Confronting the Legacy of Racial Terror

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Superior Court dismissed the charges. In his autobiography,

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To Die For The People : The Writings Of Huey P. Newton

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after the party disbanded during his marriage to Fredrika.

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War Against the Panthers: A Study of Repression in America

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War Against the Panthers: A Study of Repression in America

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Newton's doctoral dissertation "War Against the Panthers"

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Wild life : adventures of an evolutionary biologist

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https://inmatelocator.cdcr.ca.gov/Details.aspx?ID=C82830

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Newton, Huey P.; Hilliard, David; Weise, Donald (2002).

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Festival international d'art lyrique d'Aix-en-Provence

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Provisional Revolutionary Government of South Vietnam

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revolutionary and political activist who founded the

5806: 4326: 4324: 3691: 3149:

Stein, Mark A.; Basheda, Valarie (August 22, 1989).

3105: 3103: 2589:

Stein, Mark A.; Basheda, Valarie (August 22, 1989).

2499:"Black Panther Party Community Programs (1966-1982)" 2399: 2307:, a series of stage and film productions around the 2254:

The song "Up in Arms" (2015) by American songwriter

298:, although he was never convicted for either death. 6315:

People murdered by African-American organized crime

6260:

Burials at Evergreen Cemetery (Oakland, California)

4682:

Whittier Law Journal of Child & Family Advocacy

3304:"Witness in Black Panther Trial Pleads Memory Loss" 3281: 3258: 2988: 4508:"The views that you see in the news is propaganda" 3978:African American Perspectives on Political Science 3260: 3075: 3069: 3067: 3020: 2990: 2963: 2196:(Random House, 1972; City Lights Publishers, 2009) 2046: 1281: 1154:movement and the politics of the 1960s and 1970s. 355:and Baptist preacher. His parents named him after 315:from the University of California at Santa Cruz's 4321: 3100: 2357:'Cause a black hand squeezed on Malcolm X the man 2091:The Crash of Flight 90: Doomed by Self-Deception? 1778:. One of these meetings also included Mao's wife 6161: 5745:Revolutionary People's Constitutional Convention 4571:"A Calmly Daring Operatic Leader Says Au Revoir" 3593:"The Black Panther's Secret North Korean Fetish" 3050:. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press. p. 277. 423:, that he had learned to read from studying the 6225:African-American history in Oakland, California 6062:Jonestown: The Life and Death of Peoples Temple 4672:Hillard, David with Zimmerman, Keith and Kent. 3687: 3685: 3064: 2938: 2748: 2666: 2664: 2566: 2147:, Black Panther Party, 1968, Oakland (pamphlet) 5592:The Black Panthers: Vanguard of the Revolution 3975: 2478:The Black Panthers: Vanguard of the Revolution 2159:The original vision of the Black Panther Party 1212: 16:Founder of the Black Panther Party (1942–1989) 5792: 5547:Charles Garry: Streetfighter in the Courtroom 4742: 2939:Finley, Stephen C.; Alexander, Torin (2009). 2658:, February 24, 2015; accessed August 20, 2016 2067: 1726: 1164:Newton adopted what he termed "revolutionary 1071: 247:(February 17, 1942 – August 22, 1989) was an 4203:, October 10, 1991; accessed March 12, 2018. 3682: 3168: 3148: 3016: 3014: 2661: 2588: 2551:"Black Panther Party Community News Service" 1614:Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism 6350:University of California, Santa Cruz alumni 6195:Activists for African-American civil rights 4215:"Mourners Pay Last Respects to Huey Newton" 3925:"The Shadow of the Panther by Hugh Pearson" 3560: 3529: 3495: 3464: 2678:. Biography Resource Center. Archived from 1263:The Shadow of the Panther", August 21, 1994 1134:During his time at Merritt College, he met 338: 5799: 5785: 4749: 4735: 4700:Online audiorecordings and video of Newton 4313:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3945: 3943: 3941: 3839:"Key Newton Witness Is Reported in Hiding" 3732:Jeffries, Judson L. (September 18, 2009). 3561:Newton, Huey P.; Blake, J. Herman (1973). 3530:Newton, Huey P.; Blake, J. Herman (1973). 3496:Newton, Huey P.; Blake, J. Herman (1973). 3465:Newton, Huey P.; Blake, J. Herman (1973). 2047:Newton, Huey P.; Herman Blake, J. (2009), 1943: 1829: 1733: 1719: 1230:Newton was convicted in September 1968 of 1078: 1064: 421:trial for the killing of officer John Frey 326:Newton was known for being an advocate of 31: 4679: 4028: 4026: 3788:"Mistrial Declared in Newton Murder Case" 3426: 3011: 2834: 2527:. Black Panther Party.org. Archived from 2363:From a hand of a Nig who pulled the trig" 2068:Newton, Huey P.; Huggins, Ericka (1975), 1795:Peoples Temple of the Disciples of Christ 347:Newton's senior year yearbook photo, 1959 112:University of California, Santa Cruz 6190:20th-century African-American scientists 5481:Black Power, We're Goin' Survive America 3922: 3863:Valdemar, Richard (September 12, 2012). 3862: 3856: 3731: 3239: 3237: 1833: 1285: 342: 6295:Left-wing populism in the United States 4756: 4608: 4549: 4278: 4190: 4098: 4000: 3952:"Huey Newton Denies Murder and Assault" 3938: 3888: 3758: 3360: 3287: 3213: 3201: 3174: 3045: 3025:. Baylor University Press. p. 91. 2901: 2718:"An American Panther, In His Own Words" 2616: 1769:chairman of the Chinese Communist Party 1168:". Although he had previously attended 6162: 6097:Guyana Tragedy: The Story of Jim Jones 4568: 4353: 4335:. University of California, Santa Cruz 4330: 4165: 4163: 4110: 4032: 4023: 3949: 3836: 3785: 3454:. University of Illinois. p. 118. 3449: 3408: 3226:"Witness Says Newton Shot Policeman". 3109: 3073: 2874: 2813: 2562: 2560: 2199: 2172: 2139:and Donald Weise (Seven Stories Press) 2119: 2100: 2023: 2020:– oral history (Paredon Records, 1970) 301:Newton learned to read using Plato's 6340:Prisoners and detainees of California 5780: 4730: 4154:"An Oral History with Ericka Huggins" 4033:Turner, Wallace (December 14, 1977). 3980:. Temple University Press. p. . 3950:Turner, Wallace (November 22, 1977). 3567:. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. p. 3536:. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. p. 3502:. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. p. 3471:. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. p. 3244:"State Opens Case of Black Panther". 3234: 2928:. A+E Television Networks, LLC. 2013. 2840: 2715: 2692: 2645: 2227: 1753:Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung 707:League of Revolutionary Black Workers 6310:Oakland Technical High School alumni 4444:"Origins of the Black Panther Party" 3889:Anthony, Andrew (October 18, 2015). 3869:Police: The Law Enforcement Magazine 3837:Turner, Wallace (October 26, 1977). 3759:Lavelle, Ashley (November 1, 2015). 3735:Huey P. Newton: The Radical Theorist 3658:Reiterman, Tim; John Jacobs (1982). 3415:European Journal of American Studies 3126:"Nation: The Odyssey of Huey Newton" 2966:Huey P. Newton: The Radical Theorist 2802:Huey P. Newton: The Radical Theorist 2749:Brian P. Sowers (January 24, 2017). 2567:Brian P. Sowers (January 24, 2017). 1810:That same year after Jones fled to " 1771:, but instead had two meetings with 1140:Black Panther Party for Self Defense 1094:(AAA), became a prominent member of 367:. According to a 2015 report by the 5253:Lowndes County Freedom Organization 4212: 4160: 3822:. November 13, 1978. Archived from 3599:. December 20, 2012. Archived from 3372: 3134:. November 13, 1978. Archived from 2941:African American Religious Cultures 2847:. Black Classic Press. p. 62. 2755:Journal of African American Studies 2693:Jones, Jackie (February 17, 2009). 2576:Journal of African American Studies 2557: 2517: 2233:In the song "Propaganda" (2000) by 2144:Essays from the Minister of Defense 2043:(Introduction) (Random House, 1972) 1807:), visited Newton in Havana, Cuba. 1199:Free Breakfast for Children Program 1029:United States civil rights movement 712:Lowndes County Freedom Organization 452:Founding of the Black Panther Party 13: 6300:Members of the Black Panther Party 6200:Activists from Oakland, California 6185:20th-century American philosophers 4702:via UC Berkeley Black Panther site 4592: 4111:Hevesi, Dennis (August 23, 1989). 3882: 3786:Gorney, Cynthia (March 25, 1979). 3706: 2716:Gates, Anita (February 13, 2002). 2219:and Donald Weise, introduction by 1992:FBI and other government officials 1854:trials, Newton was not convicted. 1791:ideals into the party's ideology. 14: 6361: 6245:American political party founders 6180:1989 murders in the United States 5726:Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song 5461:Revolutionary Black Panther Party 4693: 4550:Datcher, Michael (October 2003). 4197:"Man Guilty in Huey Newton Death" 4170:"Arrest in Murder of Huey Newton" 2525:"Rise of the Black Panther Party" 1846:, and prone to violent behavior. 1689:Primitive accumulation of capital 1315: 926:Black Power and the American Myth 752:Revolutionary Black Panther Party 6305:Murdered African-American people 5758: 5757: 5685:1968 Olympics Black Power salute 4569:Woolfe, Zachary (July 6, 2018). 4354:Newton, Huey P. (June 1, 1980). 4331:Newton, Huey P. (June 1, 1980). 3865:"Inside the Black Panther Party" 3324:– via Google News Archive. 2416: 2402: 2155:, Awesome Records (June 1, 1993) 1869:prosecution on the two charges. 1600:How Europe Underdeveloped Africa 1339: 1250: 667:Black Revolutionary Assault Team 627:African People's Socialist Party 481: 203: 160:Founding the Black Panther Party 6345:San Francisco Law School alumni 6280:Deaths by firearm in California 5831:Peoples Temple in San Francisco 5514:Eldridge Cleaver, Black Panther 5446:New Afrikan Black Panther Party 5233:Deacons for Defense and Justice 4949:Jalil Muntaqim (Anthony Bottom) 4562: 4543: 4518: 4500: 4478: 4457: 4436: 4414: 4392: 4366: 4347: 4272: 4257: 4232: 4206: 4179: 4104: 4045: 4006: 3969: 3916: 3830: 3779: 3765:. Manchester University Press. 3752: 3725: 3700: 3651: 3615: 3585: 3554: 3489: 3458: 3443: 3402: 3366: 3328: 3296: 3252: 3219: 3142: 3118: 3039: 2982: 2957: 2932: 2914: 2895: 2868: 2807: 2795: 2781: 2742: 2709: 2686: 1434:Uneven and combined development 1177:Newton later decided to join a 732:National Joint Action Committee 717:May 19th Communist Organization 223: 199: 6285:Former Nation of Islam members 5705:New Haven Black Panther trials 5541:In the Event Anyone Disappears 5395:Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi 4706:Newton Discography on Folkways 4676:(Thunder's Mouth Press, 2005). 3738:. Univ. Press of Mississippi. 3409:Street, Joe (March 29, 2019). 2968:. Univ. Press of Mississippi. 2622: 2582: 2543: 2491: 2387:, Huey Newton is portrayed by 2381:In the television mini-series 2353:"Every brother ain't a brother 1138:, with whom he co-founded the 1: 6335:People murdered in California 6330:People from Monroe, Louisiana 6235:African-American sociologists 6230:African-American philosophers 5456:New Panther Vanguard Movement 5431:Black Riders Liberation Party 4244:Dr. Huey P. Newton Foundation 4240:"Huey Newton Memorial Statue" 4053:"Huey Newton Wins In Retrial" 3692:Reiterman and Jacobs (1982). 3336:"Case Against Newton Dropped" 2484: 2202:The New Huey P. Newton Reader 2053:, National Geographic Books, 1669:Global North and Global South 1414:Ecologically unequal exchange 747:Revolutionary Action Movement 672:Black Riders Liberation Party 403:Oakland Technical High School 38: 6320:Philosophers from California 6149:Jim Jones in popular culture 6139:Mary Pearl Willis Foundation 6089:Guyana: Crime of the Century 5436:Black Women's Defense League 5302:United Front Against Fascism 5187:Akua Njeri (Deborah Johnson) 3816:"The Odyssey of Huey Newton" 3316:. August 14, 1968. p. 2 2324:album is named after Newton. 2301:Une situation HUEY P. NEWTON 2161:, Black Panther Party (1973) 2152:The Genius of Huey P. Newton 979:Black Power in the Caribbean 677:Black Women's Defense League 333: 7: 6325:Philosophers from Louisiana 6215:African-American Christians 6210:African-American communists 5600:Judas and the Black Messiah 5284:Free Breakfast for Children 4674:Huey: Spirit of the Panther 3290:Huey: Spirit of the Panther 3048:Huey: Spirit of the Panther 3021:Hopkins, Dwight N. (2007). 2964:Judson L. Jeffries (2006). 2395: 2368:The song “Police State” by 2359:The shooting of Huey Newton 2223:(Seven Stories Press, 2019) 1966:Newton earned a PhD in the 1586:The Accumulation of Capital 1259:interview with Hugh Pearson 1213:Fatal shooting of John Frey 280:Free Breakfast for Children 10: 6366: 6220:African-American gangsters 6205:African-American activists 5700:Murder of Betty Van Patter 5528:The Murder of Fred Hampton 5507:Interview with Bobby Seale 3923:Allen-Taylor, J. Douglas. 3114:. Penguin. pp. 17–18. 2672:"Huey P. Newton biography" 2303:was the second chapter of 2258:is based on Newton's life. 2177:, City Lights Publishers, 1883:murder of Betty Van Patter 1684:Prebisch–Singer hypothesis 1274:Hugh Pearson, in his book 762:Symbionese Liberation Army 455: 6119: 6080: 6053: 6046: 6003: 5908: 5882: 5851: 5844: 5818: 5753: 5677: 5618: 5473: 5413: 5317: 5310: 5271: 5220: 5195: 5159: 5103: 4977: 4841: 4828: 4787: 4766: 3388:10.1525/phr.2017.86.4.691 3376:Pacific Historical Review 3263:The Huey P. Newton Reader 2993:The Huey P. Newton Reader 2891:– via Google Books. 2864:– via Google Books. 2830:– via Google Books. 2767:10.1007/s12111-017-9339-7 2342:Welcome to the Terrordome 2122:The Huey P. Newton Reader 1899: 1861:after being arrested for 1249: 1244: 1092:Afro-American Association 328:the right of self-defense 234: 178: 164: 156: 146: 138: 130: 99: 91: 72: 46: 30: 23: 6250:American revolutionaries 6070:Jonestown: Paradise Lost 5487:Black Panthers: A Report 5325:American Indian Movement 5090:Michael "Cetewayo" Tabor 4279:Trivers, Robert (2015). 3292:. Thunder's Mouth Press. 3110:Newton, Huey P. (2009). 2881:. Penguin. p. 118. 2875:Newton, Huey P. (2009). 2814:Newton, Huey P. (2009). 2327:The song "Free Huey" by 2200:Newton, Huey P. (2019), 2120:Newton, Huey P. (2002), 2101:Newton, Huey P. (1996), 2024:Newton, Huey P. (1972), 2009: 1972:History of Consciousness 1957:history of consciousness 1100:African-American history 465:This article is part of 369:Equal Justice Initiative 339:Early life and education 317:History of Consciousness 108:San Francisco Law School 5883:Congressional entourage 5562:All Power to the People 5451:New Black Panther Party 5441:Huey P. Newton Gun Club 5345:Black Panthers (Israel) 5025:Marshall "Eddie" Conway 4919:Elbert "Big Man" Howard 4213:UPI (August 29, 1989). 3976:Wilbur C. Rich (2007). 3288:Hillard, David (2006). 3267:. Seven Stories Press. 3074:Austin, Curtis (2006). 3046:Hillard, David (2006). 2997:. Seven Stories Press. 2943:. Bloomsbury Academic. 2820:. Penguin. p. 65. 2634:April 10, 2016, at the 2553:. The Freedom Archives. 2204:, Seven Stories Press, 2124:, Seven Stories Press, 1944:Writing and scholarship 1830:Allegations of violence 1664:Illicit financial flows 1301:Peace and Freedom Party 984:Black Power in Montreal 855:Martin Luther King, Jr. 737:New Black Panther Party 702:Huey P. Newton Gun Club 6127:Cult Awareness Network 5576:A Huey P. Newton Story 5360:George Jackson Brigade 5350:British Black Panthers 5330:Black Guerrilla Family 4914:Raymond "Masai" Hewitt 4711:July 20, 2014, at the 4654:(Anchor Books, 1993). 3175:Pearson, Hugh (1995). 2365: 2290:Free Huey World Report 2251: 2105:, Harlem River Press, 2097:(Science Digest, 1982) 1950:evolutionary biologist 1915:Black Guerrilla Family 1892:In 2007, party member 1839: 1295: 1232:voluntary manslaughter 938:The Diary of Malcolm X 742:Republic of New Afrika 697:George Jackson Brigade 682:British Black Panthers 662:Black Radical Congress 637:Black Guerrilla Family 513:Black Power Revolution 401:Newton graduated from 399: 348: 321:Black Guerrilla Family 291:voluntary manslaughter 6255:American sociologists 6133:Drinking the Kool-Aid 5651:Revolutionary Suicide 5426:Black Panther Militia 5335:Black Liberation Army 5272:Programs and projects 5116:Lorenzo Kom'boa Ervin 5085:Russell Maroon Shoatz 4422:"Hampton v. Hanrahan" 4400:"Hampton v. Hanrahan" 4285:. New Brunswick, NJ. 3564:Revolutionary Suicide 3533:Revolutionary Suicide 3499:Revolutionary Suicide 3468:Revolutionary Suicide 3450:Rhodes, Jane (2017). 3112:Revolutionary Suicide 2878:Revolutionary Suicide 2841:Seale, Bobby (1991). 2817:Revolutionary Suicide 2789:Revolutionary Suicide 2351: 2246: 2175:To Die for the People 2173:Newton, Huey (2009), 2050:Revolutionary Suicide 2003:American Perspectives 1961:Air Florida Flight 90 1838:Newton in August 1977 1837: 1522:Mirsaid Sultan-Galiev 1289: 1282:"Free Huey!" campaign 1276:Shadow of the Panther 1237:Revolutionary Suicide 1187:Revolutionary Suicide 1144:right of self-defense 945:Revolutionary Suicide 652:Black Panther Militia 647:Black Liberation Army 430:Revolutionary Suicide 405:in 1959. He attended 394: 389:Revolutionary Suicide 386:In his autobiography 346: 172:Revolutionary Suicide 6265:Christian communists 6047:Films and television 5740:Black power movement 5715:Rice–Poindexter case 5667:Black Against Empire 5521:Finally Got the News 5474:Films and television 4669:, September 1, 1999. 4362:on November 2, 2006. 4199:, Associated Press, 4059:. September 28, 1979 3826:on November 6, 2012. 2730:on November 26, 2009 2531:on December 12, 2012 2424:United States portal 2348:contained the lines: 2314:The fourth track on 2169:(The Movement, 1968) 1921:, in order to get a 1865:the tailor in 1974. 1659:Economic development 1567:Immanuel Wallerstein 1396:World-systems theory 508:Black power movement 202: 1974; 6270:Christian humanists 5765:Black Panther Party 5400:White Panther Party 5380:Polynesian Panthers 5131:Robert Hillary King 5050:Denise Oliver-Velez 4759:Black Panther Party 4424:. 1981. p. 140 4402:. 1979. p. 600 4019:. October 25, 1977. 3792:The Washington Post 3216:, pp. 145–147. 3078:Up Against the Wall 2699:BlackAmericaWeb.com 2467:White Panther Party 2432:Black Panther Party 2309:Black Panther Party 1911:first-degree murder 1487:John Bellamy Foster 1386:Three Worlds Theory 1333:Imperialism studies 1292:Black Panther Party 772:Weather Underground 692:Five-Percent Nation 687:Conscious Community 657:Black Panther Party 498:Black Arts Movement 458:Black Panther Party 274:, medical clinics, 270:in 1971) including 257:ten-point manifesto 253:Black Panther Party 151:Black Panther Party 92:Cause of death 84:Oakland, California 6275:COINTELPRO targets 6240:American humanists 6144:Evergreen Cemetery 5921:William M. Branham 5535:Teach Our Children 5421:Assata's Daughters 5263:Robert F. Williams 5203:Stokely Carmichael 5070:George W. Sams Jr. 5010:Veronza Bowers Jr. 4899:Barbara Easley-Cox 4849:JoNina Abron-Ervin 4642:, August 23, 1989. 4639:The New York Times 4610:Keating, Edward M. 4575:The New York Times 4380:. January 25, 1980 4219:Lodi News-Sentinel 4176:, August 26, 1989. 4174:The New York Times 4117:The New York Times 4080:Unknown parameter 4039:The New York Times 3956:The New York Times 3843:The New York Times 3664:. Dutton. p. 3428:10.4000/ejas.14273 3363:, pp. 7, 221. 3246:The New York Times 3228:The New York Times 2723:The New York Times 2705:on March 13, 2009. 2228:In popular culture 2070:Insights and Poems 2017:Huey Newton Speaks 1934:Evergreen Cemetery 1840: 1492:Andre Gunder Frank 1467:Charles Bettelheim 1376:Social imperialism 1296: 1014:Red Power movement 969:Black Lives Matter 895:Stokely Carmichael 885:Robert F. Williams 865:Malik Zulu Shabazz 815:Fay Bellamy Powell 632:Assata's Daughters 503:Black is beautiful 365:Reconstruction era 349: 276:sickle cell anemia 6157: 6156: 6115: 6114: 6012:Black & White 5999: 5998: 5774: 5773: 5469: 5468: 5390:The Pink Panthers 5297:Rainbow Coalition 5290:The Black Panther 5279:Ten-Point Program 5216: 5215: 5005:Dhoruba bin Wahad 4944:Joan Tarika Lewis 4864:William Lee Brent 4558:. pp. 41–43. 4292:978-1-938972-12-6 4201:Los Angeles Times 4057:Milwaukee Journal 3772:978-1-5261-0273-7 3745:978-1-62846-908-0 3248:. August 6, 1968. 3230:. August 8, 1968. 3181:. Da Capo Press. 3155:Los Angeles Times 3138:on June 28, 2011. 2682:on June 17, 2011. 2596:Los Angeles Times 2311:and its founders. 2237:, on their album 1968:social philosophy 1799:In January 1977, 1743: 1742: 1674:Lumpenbourgeoisie 1635:Naked Imperialism 1502:Rudolf Hilferding 1419:North–South model 1391:Ultra-imperialism 1381:Super-imperialism 1356:Dependency theory 1272: 1271: 1159:Ten-Point Program 1088: 1087: 1009:Political hip hop 932:Ten-Point Program 900:Wadsworth Jarrell 825:Gloria Richardson 584:Black nationalism 554:Africana womanism 549:African socialism 446:social philosophy 313:social philosophy 287:newspaper service 268:survival programs 245:Huey Percy Newton 242: 241: 139:Years active 95:Murder by gunshot 65:Monroe, Louisiana 61:February 17, 1942 51:Huey Percy Newton 6357: 6120:Related articles 6051: 6050: 6036:A Thousand Lives 6028:Seductive Poison 5951:Marshall Kilduff 5849: 5848: 5801: 5794: 5787: 5778: 5777: 5766: 5761: 5760: 5720:Robert Templeton 5695:Intercommunalism 5678:Related articles 5659:A Taste of Power 5584:Night Catches Us 5340:Black Liberators 5315: 5314: 5238:W. E. B. Du Bois 5095:James Dixon York 4978:East Coast based 4842:West Coast based 4839: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4805:Kathleen Cleaver 4800:Eldridge Cleaver 4760: 4751: 4744: 4737: 4728: 4727: 4722:Internet Archive 4689: 4651:A Taste of Power 4632:Hevesi, Dennis. 4629: 4599:Foner, Philip S. 4586: 4585: 4583: 4581: 4566: 4560: 4559: 4547: 4541: 4540: 4538: 4536: 4522: 4516: 4515: 4504: 4498: 4497: 4495: 4493: 4482: 4476: 4475: 4473: 4471: 4461: 4455: 4454: 4452: 4450: 4440: 4434: 4433: 4431: 4429: 4418: 4412: 4411: 4409: 4407: 4396: 4390: 4389: 4387: 4385: 4370: 4364: 4363: 4351: 4345: 4344: 4342: 4340: 4328: 4319: 4318: 4312: 4304: 4276: 4270: 4269: 4261: 4255: 4254: 4252: 4250: 4236: 4230: 4229: 4227: 4225: 4210: 4204: 4194: 4188: 4183: 4177: 4167: 4158: 4157: 4150: 4144: 4143: 4141: 4139: 4108: 4102: 4096: 4090: 4089: 4083: 4078: 4076: 4068: 4066: 4064: 4049: 4043: 4042: 4030: 4021: 4020: 4010: 4004: 3998: 3992: 3991: 3973: 3967: 3966: 3964: 3962: 3947: 3936: 3935: 3933: 3931: 3920: 3914: 3913: 3911: 3909: 3886: 3880: 3879: 3877: 3875: 3860: 3854: 3853: 3851: 3849: 3834: 3828: 3827: 3812: 3803: 3802: 3800: 3798: 3783: 3777: 3776: 3756: 3750: 3749: 3729: 3723: 3722: 3720: 3718: 3713: 3704: 3698: 3697: 3689: 3680: 3679: 3655: 3649: 3648: 3646: 3644: 3639:on March 6, 2016 3638: 3630:WilsonCenter.org 3627: 3619: 3613: 3612: 3610: 3608: 3589: 3583: 3582: 3558: 3552: 3551: 3527: 3518: 3517: 3493: 3487: 3486: 3462: 3456: 3455: 3447: 3441: 3440: 3430: 3406: 3400: 3399: 3370: 3364: 3358: 3352: 3351: 3349: 3347: 3332: 3326: 3325: 3323: 3321: 3314:Associated Press 3309:Sarasota Journal 3300: 3294: 3293: 3285: 3279: 3278: 3266: 3256: 3250: 3249: 3241: 3232: 3231: 3223: 3217: 3211: 3205: 3199: 3193: 3192: 3172: 3166: 3165: 3163: 3161: 3146: 3140: 3139: 3122: 3116: 3115: 3107: 3098: 3097: 3081: 3071: 3062: 3061: 3043: 3037: 3036: 3018: 3009: 3008: 2996: 2986: 2980: 2979: 2961: 2955: 2954: 2936: 2930: 2929: 2922:"Huey P. Newton" 2918: 2912: 2911: 2899: 2893: 2892: 2872: 2866: 2865: 2863: 2861: 2838: 2832: 2831: 2811: 2805: 2799: 2793: 2785: 2779: 2778: 2746: 2740: 2739: 2737: 2735: 2726:. Archived from 2713: 2707: 2706: 2701:. Archived from 2690: 2684: 2683: 2668: 2659: 2649: 2643: 2626: 2620: 2614: 2608: 2607: 2605: 2603: 2586: 2580: 2579: 2573: 2564: 2555: 2554: 2547: 2541: 2540: 2538: 2536: 2521: 2515: 2514: 2512: 2510: 2505:on June 22, 2016 2495: 2462:Soledad Brothers 2437:Eldridge Cleaver 2426: 2421: 2420: 2419: 2412: 2410:Biography portal 2407: 2406: 2405: 2266:1968 documentary 2214: 2187: 2134: 2115: 2082: 2063: 2038: 2028:, Random House, 2019: 1735: 1728: 1721: 1621:Monopoly Capital 1482:Arghiri Emmanuel 1477:Nikolai Bukharin 1457:Giovanni Arrighi 1424:Unequal exchange 1366:Neo-Gramscianism 1361:Intercommunalism 1343: 1320: 1319: 1309:Kathleen Cleaver 1254: 1253: 1242: 1241: 1179:Christian church 1080: 1073: 1066: 974:Black Power gang 919:A Taste of Power 810:Eldridge Cleaver 642:Black Liberators 604:Intercommunalism 594:Black separatism 564:Anti-Americanism 485: 462: 461: 296:Betty Van Patter 249:African American 227: 225: 207: 205: 201: 167: 79: 60: 58: 40: 35: 21: 20: 6365: 6364: 6360: 6359: 6358: 6356: 6355: 6354: 6160: 6159: 6158: 6153: 6111: 6076: 6042: 5995: 5904: 5878: 5869:Tyrone Mitchell 5840: 5814: 5805: 5775: 5770: 5764: 5749: 5673: 5643:Blood in My Eye 5614: 5465: 5409: 5385:Red Guard Party 5311:Inspired groups 5306: 5267: 5212: 5208:Connie Matthews 5191: 5155: 5099: 5000:Kuwasi Balagoon 4985:Mumia Abu-Jamal 4973: 4831: 4829: 4824: 4783: 4762: 4758: 4755: 4713:Wayback Machine 4696: 4626: 4595: 4593:Further reading 4590: 4589: 4579: 4577: 4567: 4563: 4548: 4544: 4534: 4532: 4524: 4523: 4519: 4506: 4505: 4501: 4491: 4489: 4488:. 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January 2010. 4152: 4151: 4147: 4137: 4135: 4109: 4105: 4097: 4093: 4081: 4079: 4070: 4069: 4062: 4060: 4051: 4050: 4046: 4031: 4024: 4016:The Leader-Post 4012: 4011: 4007: 3999: 3995: 3988: 3974: 3970: 3960: 3958: 3948: 3939: 3929: 3927: 3921: 3917: 3907: 3905: 3887: 3883: 3873: 3871: 3861: 3857: 3847: 3845: 3835: 3831: 3814: 3813: 3806: 3796: 3794: 3784: 3780: 3773: 3757: 3753: 3746: 3730: 3726: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3705: 3701: 3690: 3683: 3676: 3656: 3652: 3642: 3640: 3636: 3625: 3621: 3620: 3616: 3606: 3604: 3603:on May 10, 2015 3591: 3590: 3586: 3579: 3559: 3555: 3548: 3528: 3521: 3514: 3494: 3490: 3483: 3463: 3459: 3448: 3444: 3407: 3403: 3371: 3367: 3359: 3355: 3345: 3343: 3334: 3333: 3329: 3319: 3317: 3302: 3301: 3297: 3286: 3282: 3275: 3257: 3253: 3243: 3242: 3235: 3225: 3224: 3220: 3212: 3208: 3200: 3196: 3189: 3173: 3169: 3159: 3157: 3147: 3143: 3124: 3123: 3119: 3108: 3101: 3094: 3072: 3065: 3058: 3044: 3040: 3033: 3019: 3012: 3005: 2987: 2983: 2976: 2962: 2958: 2951: 2937: 2933: 2920: 2919: 2915: 2900: 2896: 2889: 2873: 2869: 2859: 2857: 2855: 2839: 2835: 2828: 2812: 2808: 2800: 2796: 2786: 2782: 2747: 2743: 2733: 2731: 2714: 2710: 2691: 2687: 2670: 2669: 2662: 2650: 2646: 2636:Wayback Machine 2627: 2623: 2615: 2611: 2601: 2599: 2587: 2583: 2571: 2565: 2558: 2549: 2548: 2544: 2534: 2532: 2523: 2522: 2518: 2508: 2506: 2497: 2496: 2492: 2487: 2422: 2417: 2415: 2408: 2403: 2401: 2398: 2360: 2358: 2354: 2329:the Boo Radleys 2280:comic strip by 2230: 2212: 2185: 2132: 2113: 2080: 2072:, City Lights, 2061: 2041:Franz Schurmann 2036: 2015: 2012: 1946: 1902: 1863:pistol-whipping 1852:deadlocked jury 1832: 1797: 1773:Chinese Premier 1739: 1699: 1698: 1654:Banana republic 1649: 1641: 1640: 1580: 1572: 1571: 1447: 1439: 1438: 1409: 1401: 1400: 1351: 1318: 1284: 1251: 1245:External videos 1215: 1170:Nation of Islam 1084: 1044: 1043: 959: 951: 950: 913: 905: 904: 860:Maulana Karenga 800:Donald DeFreeze 785: 777: 776: 767:US Organization 727:Nation of Islam 622: 614: 613: 599:Black supremacy 569:Black anarchism 544: 536: 535: 493: 460: 454: 448:at Santa Cruz. 407:Merritt College 380:Great Migration 361:Ouachita Parish 341: 336: 230: 229: 226: 1984) 221: 217: 216:Fredrika Newton 209: 206: 1983) 197: 193: 190: 165: 110: 106: 104:Merritt College 87: 81: 77: 76:August 22, 1989 68: 62: 56: 54: 53: 52: 42: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6363: 6353: 6352: 6347: 6342: 6337: 6332: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6312: 6307: 6302: 6297: 6292: 6287: 6282: 6277: 6272: 6267: 6262: 6257: 6252: 6247: 6242: 6237: 6232: 6227: 6222: 6217: 6212: 6207: 6202: 6197: 6192: 6187: 6182: 6177: 6172: 6155: 6154: 6152: 6151: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6129: 6123: 6121: 6117: 6116: 6113: 6112: 6110: 6109: 6101: 6093: 6084: 6082: 6081:Dramatizations 6078: 6077: 6075: 6074: 6066: 6057: 6055: 6048: 6044: 6043: 6041: 6040: 6032: 6024: 6016: 6007: 6005: 6001: 6000: 5997: 5996: 5994: 5993: 5991:Mervyn Dymally 5988: 5983: 5981:Huey P. Newton 5978: 5973: 5968: 5963: 5961:George Moscone 5958: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5938: 5936:Vladimir Lenin 5933: 5928: 5926:Mahatma Gandhi 5923: 5918: 5912: 5910: 5906: 5905: 5903: 5902: 5897: 5892: 5886: 5884: 5880: 5879: 5877: 5876: 5871: 5866: 5861: 5855: 5853: 5846: 5842: 5841: 5839: 5838: 5833: 5828: 5822: 5820: 5816: 5815: 5812:Peoples Temple 5804: 5803: 5796: 5789: 5781: 5772: 5771: 5769: 5768: 5754: 5751: 5750: 5748: 5747: 5742: 5737: 5730: 5722: 5717: 5712: 5707: 5702: 5697: 5692: 5687: 5681: 5679: 5675: 5674: 5672: 5671: 5663: 5655: 5647: 5639: 5635:Seize the Time 5631: 5622: 5620: 5616: 5615: 5613: 5612: 5604: 5596: 5588: 5580: 5572: 5566: 5558: 5550: 5544: 5538: 5532: 5524: 5518: 5510: 5504: 5498: 5494:Black Panthers 5490: 5484: 5477: 5475: 5471: 5470: 5467: 5466: 5464: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5443: 5438: 5433: 5428: 5423: 5417: 5415: 5411: 5410: 5408: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5355:Dalit Panthers 5352: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5332: 5327: 5321: 5319: 5312: 5308: 5307: 5305: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5286: 5281: 5275: 5273: 5269: 5268: 5266: 5265: 5260: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5230: 5224: 5222: 5218: 5217: 5214: 5213: 5211: 5210: 5205: 5199: 5197: 5193: 5192: 5190: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5172:William O'Neal 5169: 5163: 5161: 5157: 5156: 5154: 5153: 5151:Albert Woodfox 5148: 5146:Herman Wallace 5143: 5138: 5133: 5128: 5123: 5118: 5113: 5107: 5105: 5104:Southern based 5101: 5100: 5098: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5082: 5077: 5072: 5067: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5047: 5045:Lonnie McLucas 5042: 5037: 5032: 5027: 5022: 5020:W. Paul Coates 5017: 5015:Safiya Bukhari 5012: 5007: 5002: 4997: 4995:Ashanti Alston 4992: 4990:Sundiata Acoli 4987: 4981: 4979: 4975: 4974: 4972: 4971: 4969:Michael Zinzun 4966: 4964:Robert Trivers 4961: 4959:Geronimo Pratt 4956: 4951: 4946: 4941: 4939:George Jackson 4936: 4931: 4929:Ericka Huggins 4926: 4921: 4916: 4911: 4906: 4901: 4896: 4894:B. Kwaku Duren 4891: 4886: 4881: 4876: 4871: 4866: 4861: 4859:Charles Barron 4856: 4851: 4845: 4843: 4836: 4826: 4825: 4823: 4822: 4820:David Hilliard 4817: 4812: 4807: 4802: 4797: 4791: 4789: 4785: 4784: 4782: 4781: 4776: 4774:Huey P. Newton 4770: 4768: 4764: 4763: 4754: 4753: 4746: 4739: 4731: 4725: 4724: 4715: 4703: 4695: 4694:External links 4692: 4691: 4690: 4677: 4670: 4663: 4643: 4630: 4625:978-0878670000 4624: 4606: 4594: 4591: 4588: 4587: 4561: 4542: 4517: 4499: 4477: 4456: 4435: 4413: 4391: 4365: 4346: 4320: 4291: 4271: 4266:Science Digest 4256: 4231: 4205: 4189: 4178: 4159: 4145: 4103: 4101:, p. 328. 4091: 4044: 4022: 4005: 4003:, p. 315. 3993: 3987:978-1592131099 3986: 3968: 3937: 3915: 3881: 3855: 3829: 3804: 3778: 3771: 3751: 3744: 3724: 3699: 3696:. p. 369. 3681: 3675:978-0525241362 3674: 3650: 3614: 3584: 3578:978-0151770922 3577: 3553: 3547:978-0151770922 3546: 3519: 3513:978-0151770922 3512: 3488: 3482:978-0151770922 3481: 3457: 3442: 3401: 3382:(4): 691–722. 3365: 3353: 3327: 3295: 3280: 3274:978-1583224670 3273: 3251: 3233: 3218: 3206: 3194: 3188:978-0201483413 3187: 3167: 3141: 3117: 3099: 3093:978-1557288271 3092: 3063: 3057:978-1560258971 3056: 3038: 3032:978-1602580138 3031: 3010: 3004:978-1583224670 3003: 2981: 2975:978-1578068777 2974: 2956: 2950:978-1576074701 2949: 2931: 2913: 2894: 2888:978-1101140475 2887: 2867: 2854:978-0933121300 2853: 2833: 2827:978-1101140475 2826: 2806: 2794: 2780: 2741: 2708: 2685: 2660: 2644: 2621: 2619:, p. 276. 2609: 2581: 2556: 2542: 2516: 2489: 2488: 2486: 2483: 2482: 2481: 2474: 2469: 2464: 2459: 2454: 2452:George Jackson 2449: 2444: 2439: 2434: 2428: 2427: 2413: 2397: 2394: 2393: 2392: 2379: 2373: 2350: 2349: 2338: 2325: 2312: 2293: 2282:Aaron McGruder 2273: 2270:Black Panthers 2259: 2245: 2244: 2240:Let's Get Free 2229: 2226: 2225: 2224: 2217:David Hilliard 2211:978-1609809003 2210: 2197: 2192:, foreword by 2184:978-0872865297 2183: 2170: 2162: 2156: 2148: 2140: 2137:David Hilliard 2131:978-1583224663 2130: 2117: 2112:978-0863162466 2111: 2098: 2095:Robert Trivers 2088: 2085:Ericka Huggins 2079:978-0872860797 2078: 2065: 2060:978-0143105329 2059: 2044: 2035:978-0394480855 2034: 2021: 2011: 2008: 1953:Robert Trivers 1945: 1942: 1917:, a narcotics 1901: 1898: 1894:Ericka Huggins 1831: 1828: 1824:forced suicide 1805:Peoples Temple 1796: 1793: 1741: 1740: 1738: 1737: 1730: 1723: 1715: 1712: 1711: 1710: 1709: 1701: 1700: 1697: 1696: 1694:Third worldism 1691: 1686: 1681: 1676: 1671: 1666: 1661: 1656: 1650: 1647: 1646: 1643: 1642: 1639: 1638: 1631: 1624: 1617: 1610: 1603: 1596: 1589: 1581: 1578: 1577: 1574: 1573: 1570: 1569: 1564: 1559: 1554: 1549: 1547:Huey P. Newton 1544: 1539: 1534: 1532:Rosa Luxemburg 1529: 1524: 1519: 1517:Vladimir Lenin 1514: 1509: 1504: 1499: 1494: 1489: 1484: 1479: 1474: 1469: 1464: 1459: 1454: 1448: 1445: 1444: 1441: 1440: 1437: 1436: 1431: 1426: 1421: 1416: 1410: 1407: 1406: 1403: 1402: 1399: 1398: 1393: 1388: 1383: 1378: 1373: 1371:Neocolonialism 1368: 1363: 1358: 1352: 1349: 1348: 1345: 1344: 1336: 1335: 1329: 1328: 1317: 1316:Visit to China 1314: 1283: 1280: 1270: 1269: 1247: 1246: 1224:David Hilliard 1214: 1211: 1125:Émile Durkheim 1117:Malcolm X 1109:Vladimir Lenin 1096:Phi Beta Sigma 1086: 1085: 1083: 1082: 1075: 1068: 1060: 1057: 1056: 1055: 1054: 1046: 1045: 1042: 1041: 1036: 1031: 1026: 1021: 1016: 1011: 1006: 1001: 996: 991: 986: 981: 976: 971: 966: 960: 957: 956: 953: 952: 949: 948: 941: 934: 929: 922: 914: 911: 910: 907: 906: 903: 902: 897: 892: 887: 882: 877: 875:Muhammad Ahmad 872: 867: 862: 857: 852: 847: 842: 837: 835:Huey P. Newton 832: 827: 822: 817: 812: 807: 802: 797: 792: 786: 783: 782: 779: 778: 775: 774: 769: 764: 759: 754: 749: 744: 739: 734: 729: 724: 719: 714: 709: 704: 699: 694: 689: 684: 679: 674: 669: 664: 659: 654: 649: 644: 639: 634: 629: 623: 620: 619: 616: 615: 612: 611: 609:Pan-Africanism 606: 601: 596: 591: 586: 581: 576: 574:Black feminism 571: 566: 561: 556: 551: 545: 542: 541: 538: 537: 534: 533: 520: 515: 510: 505: 500: 494: 491: 490: 487: 486: 478: 477: 471: 470: 456:Main article: 453: 450: 438:Phi Beta Sigma 340: 337: 335: 332: 240: 239: 236: 232: 231: 219: 215: 214: 213: 212: 195: 191: 188: 187: 186: 185: 182: 180: 176: 175: 168: 162: 161: 158: 157:Known for 154: 153: 148: 144: 143: 140: 136: 135: 132: 128: 127: 101: 97: 96: 93: 89: 88: 82: 80:(aged 47) 74: 70: 69: 63: 50: 48: 44: 43: 36: 28: 27: 25:Huey P. Newton 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6362: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6218: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6168: 6167: 6165: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6134: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6124: 6122: 6118: 6107: 6106: 6105:The Sacrament 6102: 6099: 6098: 6094: 6091: 6090: 6086: 6085: 6083: 6079: 6072: 6071: 6067: 6064: 6063: 6059: 6058: 6056: 6054:Documentaries 6052: 6049: 6045: 6038: 6037: 6033: 6030: 6029: 6025: 6022: 6021: 6017: 6014: 6013: 6009: 6008: 6006: 6002: 5992: 5989: 5987: 5986:John R. Burke 5984: 5982: 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5946:Charles Garry 5944: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5924: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5916:Father Divine 5914: 5913: 5911: 5907: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5895:Jackie Speier 5893: 5891: 5888: 5887: 5885: 5881: 5875: 5874:Archie Ijames 5872: 5870: 5867: 5865: 5864:Jeannie Mills 5862: 5860: 5859:Timothy Stoen 5857: 5856: 5854: 5850: 5847: 5843: 5837: 5834: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5823: 5821: 5817: 5813: 5809: 5802: 5797: 5795: 5790: 5788: 5783: 5782: 5779: 5767: 5756: 5755: 5752: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5735: 5734:Panther Power 5731: 5728: 5727: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5682: 5680: 5676: 5669: 5668: 5664: 5661: 5660: 5656: 5653: 5652: 5648: 5645: 5644: 5640: 5637: 5636: 5632: 5629: 5628: 5624: 5623: 5621: 5617: 5610: 5609: 5608:The Big Cigar 5605: 5602: 5601: 5597: 5594: 5593: 5589: 5586: 5585: 5581: 5578: 5577: 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