150:
814:
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694:, on the grounds that deer eyes look similar to human eyes. Neither land-based predators nor birds of prey are hunted. While a joyful activity, hunting has ethical ramifications: "The Guarani must kill animals to live, but they believed dead animal spirits live on and must be placated or else do harm in angry retribution." To counterbalance the offense of hunting, a shaman demonstrated respect through the ritual preparation of the poison,
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704:
730:, with their distinctly colored young leaves and striking transformation as they mature to towering giants, are "admired for their solitary character... as well as for their profuse entanglement" with other plants. Other significant trees are the pioneer species of the
637:
According to journalist Scott
Wallace, American missionaries in Ecuador attempted to contact the Waorani in the 1950s with airdropped gifts. When they attempted to land a small airplane and contact the tribe, six Waorani tribesmen killed them with spears.
674:
In short, as one
Waorani put it, "The rivers and trees are our life." In all its specificities, the forest is woven into each Waorani life and conceptions of the world. They have remarkably detailed knowledge of its geography and ecology.
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The
Waorani are subdivided into the Toñampare, Quenahueno, Tihueno, Quihuaro, Damuintaro, Zapino, TigĂĽino, Huamuno, Dayuno, Quehueruno, Garzacocha (rĂo YasunĂ), Quemperi (rĂo Cononaco) Mima, Caruhue (rĂo Cononaco) and
833:
fluff is used to create an air-tight seal, by twisting the fibers around the end of the dart or arrow. With the introduction of
Western technology in the 20th century, many Waorani now use rifles for hunting.
912:, which overlaps with the Waorani reserve, provides some measure of environmental protection. In August 2023, Ecuadorians approved a referendum to stop oil drilling in the Park.
714:
Plants, especially trees, continue to hold an important interest for the
Waorani. Their store of botanical knowledge is extensive, ranging from knowledge of materials to
1435:
797:
The
Waorani notion of time is particularly oriented to the present, with few obligations extending backwards or forwards in time. Their one word for future times,
418:
In the last 40 years, they have shifted from a hunting and gathering society to living mostly in permanent forest settlements. As many as five communities—the
671:
rainforest remains the essential basis of their physical and cultural survival. For them, the forest is home, while the outside world is considered unsafe.
403:. These homelands—approximately 120 miles (190 km) wide and 75 to 100 miles (120 to 160 km) from north to south—are threatened by
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In 1990, the
Waorani won the rights to the Waorani Ethnic Reserve, constituting 6,125.60 km (2,365.11 sq mi). The protected status of
1428:
1124:"Dictyonema huaorani (Agaricales: Hygrophoraceae), a new lichenized basidiomycete from Amazonian Ecuador with presumed hallucinogenic properties"
678:
Hunting supplies a major part of the
Waorani diet and is of cultural significance. Before a hunting or fishing party ensues, the community
700:, used in blow darts. Hunting with such darts is not considered killing, but retrieving, essentially a kind of harvesting from the trees.
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naming conventions used by many peoples. It reflects a period of traumatic conflict with outsiders during the 19th and early 20th century
1421:
959:
659:, and spirits are present throughout the world. The Waorani once believed that the entire world was a forest (and used the same word,
722:
to medicines. They also relate plants to their own experiences, particularly that of growing. Certain kinds of tree are considered
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532:. Before the mid 20th century, it included only those kin associated with the speaker. Others in the ethnic group were called
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wood, used for ceremonial purposes. Peach palm trees are associated with past settlements and the ancestors who live there.
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Rival, Laura (1993), "The Growth of Family Trees: Understanding
Huaorani Perceptions of the Forest",
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967:. Vol. I. Mexico, D.F.: University of Oklahoma, Summer Institute of Linguistics. pp. 8–9.
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poison, which paralyzes the muscles of the animal with which it is hit, so that it cannot breathe.
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As with many peoples, the
Waorani maintain a strong in-group/out-group distinction, between
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1198:"Perspective | Ecuador's Waorani people living under the exploitation of the oil industry"
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will often pray for a day to ensure its success. Traditionally, the creatures hunted were
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practices. In the past, Huaorani were able to protect their culture and lands from both
329:) who have marked differences from other ethnic groups from Ecuador. The alternate name
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Huaorani transformations in twenty-first-century Ecuador: treks into the future of time
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794:. This was accelerated by the creation of ONHAE, a radio service, and a soccer league.
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825:. These weapons are typically from 3 to 4 meters long. The arrows used are dipped in
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Resistance in an Amazonian Community; Huaorani Organizing against the Global Economy
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in Spanish spelling). The sounds represented by the English and Spanish letters
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734:(used for making spears and blowguns, as well as for fruit), and fast-growing
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Waorani worldview, there is no distinction between the physical and
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New psychedelic species of lichen discovered: Dictyonema huaorani
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1405:. A film about the missionaries who were killed by the Waodani.
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Acclaimed documentary about the Huaorani community near Yasuni.
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1017:, First Edition, Crown Publishers, United States, 2011, p. 228
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606:(also known as Sabela, Wao Terero, and pejoratively known as
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536:, while outsiders were and are known by the derogatory term
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Trekking through History. The Huaorani of Amazonian Ecuador
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natives, and commonly adopted by Spanish-speakers as well.
1408:
1090:"The changing understanding of the Huaorani shaman's art"
1030:," Archives of Wheaton College. Retrieved Feb. 24, 2024.
979:"WAORANI / huaorani / wao / waodani / amazonia, ecuador"
388:
that is not known to be related to any other language.
1015:
The Unconquered: In Search of the Amazon's Lost Tribes
578:. The phonetic equivalent used by Spanish-speakers is
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They comprise almost 4,000 inhabitants and speak the
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571:) represents a transliteration by English-speaking
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
30:"Aucas" redirects here. For the football club, see
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782:(others in their culture who are unrelated) and
1317:Robarchek, Clayton; Robarchek, Carole (2008) ,
1028:Collection 599 Ephemera of the 'Auca' Incident
391:Their ancestral lands are located between the
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399:rivers, about 50 miles (80 km) south of
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476:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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1422:
749:beverage and a newly identified mushroom (
148:
1319:Waorani: the Contexts of Violence and War
896:Learn how and when to remove this message
627:First encounter, as told by Scott Wallace
496:Learn how and when to remove this message
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
1353:
1087:
812:
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284:
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1302:. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
1283:, New York: Columbia University Press,
1244:Jungle Nomads of Ecuador: The Waorani.
1122:Schmull, Michaela; et al. (2014),
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567:(or the alternative English spelling
524:'person') means 'humans' or 'men' in
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1103:(3), SI: Drustvo Antropologov: 47–56
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874:adding citations to reliable sources
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474:adding citations to reliable sources
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170:Regions with significant populations
65:adding citations to reliable sources
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1173:, Psychedelic frontier, Feb 3, 2015
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755:) with the analogous substance of
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1445:Ancestry and ethnicity in Ecuador
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1372:Lawrence Ziegler-Otero ( 2004),
1358:. New York: Palgrave MacMillan.
1246:Time-Life Books. ISBN 7054 07047
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544:. This structure duplicates the
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1356:Huaorani of the western snippet
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289:A Huaorani village in Ecuador.
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1:
1354:Wierucka, Aleksandra (2015).
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1088:Wierucka, Aleksandra (2012),
958:Elson, Benjamin, ed. (1962).
945:
313:from the Amazonian Region of
1376:. Berghahn Books, New York,
923:Beyond the Gates of Splendor
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27:Indigenous people in Ecuador
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1140:10.1639/0007-2745-117.4.386
961:Ecuadorian Indian Languages
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997:"Interlanguage and beyond"
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707:Huaorani men and women in
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1097:Anthropological Notebooks
805:, also means 'tomorrow'.
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1690:Ethnic groups in Ecuador
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32:Sociedad Deportiva Aucas
1298:Rival, Laura M (2016).
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930:List of Waorani people
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1340:Seamans, Joe (1996),
1279:Rival, Laura (2002),
1001:buenosairesherald.com
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706:
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244:Related ethnic groups
175:Waorani settlements:
1325:: Cengage Learning,
1258:(December): 635–52,
910:YasunĂ National Park
870:improve this section
470:improve this section
305:, also known as the
61:improve this article
1695:Uncontacted peoples
1229:, Alfred A. Knopf,
926:, 2005 documentary.
752:Dictyonema huaorani
144:
1661:Ecuador portal
1242:Man, John (1982).
1225:Kane, Joe (1995),
819:
817:A Huaorani blowgun
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686:, birds, and wild
546:in-group/out-group
361:) means 'savage'.
291:
142:
1667:
1666:
1365:978-1-137-53987-8
1342:"The Last Shaman"
1332:978-0-15-503797-7
1309:978-0-8165-0119-9
1290:978-0-231-11845-3
906:
905:
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709:Orellana Province
667:, for both). The
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327:Pastaza Provinces
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743:ethnomedicine
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455:This section
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59:Please help
54:verification
51:
1461:Awa-Kwaiker
940:Steve Saint
886:August 2017
838:Land rights
550:rubber boom
516:(plural of
486:August 2017
205:approx. 250
185:uncontacted
117:August 2017
1674:Categories
1628:Uruguayans
1577:Taromenane
1453:Indigenous
1219:Literature
1208:2024-05-31
1185:Rival 2002
1076:Rival 1993
1064:Rival 2002
946:References
732:peach palm
724:auspicious
600:allophones
573:missionary
432:Taromenane
413:indigenous
193:Taromenane
87:newspapers
1633:Croatians
1608:Americans
1321:, Mason,
1040:Kane 1995
857:does not
757:Psilocybe
747:ayahuasca
745:uses the
741:Shamanic
688:peccaries
669:Oriente's
647:Worldview
576:linguists
559:The name
508:The word
457:does not
438:Etymology
428:Oñamenane
424:Huiñatare
309:, are an
212:Languages
201:Oñamenane
197:Huiñatare
1685:Huaorani
1638:Lebanese
1623:Mestizos
1618:Italians
1613:European
1587:Tsáchila
1540:Panzaleo
1518:Huambisa
1513:Aguaruna
1503:Jivaroan
1491:Huaorani
1148:84084929
916:See also
582:Huaorani
370:Huoarani
323:Orellana
303:Huaorani
228:Religion
18:Huaorani
1603:African
1552:Otavalo
1535:Quichua
1496:Tagaeri
1272:2803990
1227:Savages
878:removed
863:sources
823:blowgun
809:Weapons
778:Waoroni
766:Waorani
759:genus.
716:poisons
684:monkeys
653:animist
642:Culture
621:Tagaeri
602:in the
569:Waodani
563:Waorani
534:Waodoni
512:Waorani
478:removed
463:sources
420:Tagaeri
401:El Coca
393:Curaray
386:isolate
359:Quechua
341:Quechua
315:Ecuador
299:Waodani
295:Waorani
270:Shiwiar
234:Animism
222:Spanish
218:Waorani
189:Tagaeri
181:Nomadic
143:Waorani
101:scholar
1582:Teteté
1567:Secoya
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540:Cowodi
426:, the
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337:exonym
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250:Kichwa
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1530:Maina
1523:Shuar
1486:Cofán
1348:, PBS
1268:JSTOR
1144:S2CID
1093:(PDF)
965:(PDF)
831:Kapok
801:baane
736:balsa
301:, or
278:Cofán
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108:JSTOR
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1643:Jews
1378:ISBN
1360:ISBN
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1327:ISBN
1323:Ohio
1304:ISBN
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1155:2015
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