227:
that there is no correlation between the health, welfare, and safety of foster children and the blanket exclusion of any individual who is a homosexual or who lives in a household with a homosexual." The court also found that the policy may have hurt children by "excluding a pool of effective foster parents"; children raised by gay parents are not more likely to have "psychological, behavioral, or academic" problems; and that there is "no factual basis for saying that heterosexual parents might be better able to guide children through adolescence than gay parents." The circuit court ruled against the board, and the board appealed from that decision to the
Arkansas Supreme Court.
33:
2541:
2529:
226:
After hearing extensive evidence and expert testimony about the scientific research on lesbian and gay parents, the circuit court found that the board had no factual support for its belief that gay people were less fit to be foster parents. In particular, the court found that the facts demonstrate
230:
The supreme court upheld the circuit court's decision because, without any factual basis for the board's policy, the board had usurped the legislature's role and had attempted to enforce a standard of morality." The board's policy therefore violated the
2429:
206:
In 1999 the
Arkansas Child Welfare Agency Review Board established a policy that "no person may serve as a foster parent if any adult member of that person's household is a homosexual." The
99:
235:. And, "ecause the Board acted outside the scope of its authority and infringed upon a legislative function," the supreme court could not say that the circuit court was in error.
243:
In 2007 the
Arkansas House Judiciary Committee voted to reject SB 959, "a bill that would have banned gay people and most unmarried heterosexual couples who live together from
2472:
54:
Arkansas
Department of Human Services and Child Welfare Agency Review Board, Appellants, v. Matthew Lee Howard, Craig Stoopes, Anne Shelley, and William Wagner, Appellees.
2477:
175:
392:
210:
then sued the board in the
Circuit Court of Pulaski County on behalf of William Wagner, Matthew Lee Howard, and Anne Shelley—three adults who wanted to serve as
2000:
1761:
214:
but were rejected under the policy. Howard was a teacher who was already raising two children with his same-sex partner of nineteen years, Shelley was a
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734:
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254:, as it would have had the same effect while side-stepping the separation of powers problem. In November 2008, voters approved
79:
1930:
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1701:
258:, which banned anyone living with a partner he or she isn't married to from adopting or providing a foster home to minors. The
255:
2362:
2326:
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1946:
303:
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2186:
1897:
1883:
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776:
351:"ACLU Applauds Defeat of Anti-Gay Adoption and Foster Care Bill; Calls Defeat a Tremendous Victory for Arkansas Children"
218:
who wanted to serve as a foster parent, and Wagner was a married heterosexual whose gay son sometimes lived at his home.
71:
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1966:
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filed suit in state court on behalf of several
Arkansas families challenging Act 1 as
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130:, JJ.; and Franklin A. Poff, Jr., Special Justice. Glaze, J., did not participate.
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The bill would have been an end-run on the
Supreme Court decision in
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365:"Arkansas Supreme Court Strikes Down Ban On Gay Adoptions"
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1030:
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102:(Cir. Ct. Pulaski Cty. Dec. 29, 2004) (Timothy Fox, J.).
94:
The trial court held the policy unconstitutional in
1209:
475:
2559:
171:Arkansas Department of Human Services v. Howard
2430:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups
987:
313:
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1859:2020s anti-LGBT movement in the United States
424:
1503:Sexuality and gender identity-based cultures
2217:Timeline of sexual orientation and medicine
1732:Florida Legislative Investigation Committee
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2483:Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany
1722:Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany
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2588:American Civil Liberties Union litigation
1773:Front homosexuel d'action révolutionnaire
1605:History of Christianity and homosexuality
571:
2415:Discrimination against non-binary people
279:
96:Sands v. Child Welfare Agency Review Bd.
1580:History of gay men in the United States
325:
194:adults and their housemates from being
2560:
1931:List of LGBT rights articles by region
362:
320:"Howard v. Arkansas - Case Background"
256:Arkansas Proposed Initiative Act No. 1
2233:
2127:
1879:
1552:
960:
570:
474:
412:
143:, J., wrote the court's opinion, and
2503:Unlawfully killed transgender people
2488:Acts of violence against LGBT people
2463:Capital punishment for homosexuality
1947:Capital punishment for homosexuality
294:
270:struck down Act 1 on April 7, 2011.
25:Ark. Dep't of Human Servs. v. Howard
2568:United States LGBTQ rights case law
2498:Violence against transgender people
1898:LGBT rights by country or territory
13:
2028:Legal status of transgender people
1479:Legal status of transgender people
386:Ark. Dep't of Human Servs. v. Cole
190:overturned a state policy banning
14:
2614:
1110:Third sex / Third gender
2598:Foster care in the United States
2540:
2539:
2527:
2132:— Medicine, science and sexology
1962:Criminalization of homosexuality
1264:Attraction to transgender people
363:Terkel, Amanda (April 7, 2011).
2410:Discrimination against lesbians
2342:Transgender people and religion
2157:Disability and LGBTQ identities
1716:Institut für Sexualwissenschaft
247:or serving as foster parents."
2583:2006 in United States case law
1532:Sexual practices between women
379:
356:
1:
2478:History of violence in the US
2473:History of violence in the UK
1957:Civil unions and partnerships
1827:Timeline of same-sex marriage
1528:Women who have sex with women
1508:Social construction of gender
273:
201:
182:(2006), is a decision by the
2450:Violence against LGBT people
2351:Prejudice and discrimination
2167:Homosexuality and psychology
1844:Anti-Homosexuality Act, 2014
1779:Florida orange juice boycott
1493:Sexual practices between men
1378:Erotic target location error
238:
7:
2212:Sexual orientation identity
2033:Transgender rights movement
1553:
1398:Gender and sexual diversity
767:Queerplatonic relationships
221:
10:
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2337:Homosexuality and religion
1610:History of same-sex unions
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2123:
2060:
1952:Censorship of LGBT issues
1939:
1896:
1892:
1875:
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1692:First homosexual movement
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1489:Men who have sex with men
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49:
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2603:LGBTQ rights in Arkansas
2320:Suicide among LGBT youth
2172:Homosexuality in the DSM
1809:Bar Abanicos police raid
1789:Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS
1762:Festival of Light action
1742:Compton's Cafeteria riot
1575:History of homosexuality
1036:Non-binary / genderqueer
893:Gay flag of South Africa
497:LGBT topics in education
2573:Arkansas state case law
2327:Monuments and memorials
2315:Suicides of LGBT people
2052:Commonwealth of Nations
1884:Rights and legal issues
1523:Transgender health care
301:"Advocacy & Issues"
2298:LGBT rights opposition
2207:Split attraction model
1710:Dance of the Forty-One
1621:Category:LGBTQ history
1590:LGBTQ history timeline
1498:Sex–gender distinction
1448:Human female sexuality
782:Same-sex relationships
268:Arkansas Supreme Court
184:Arkansas Supreme Court
44:Arkansas Supreme Court
2578:2006 in LGBTQ history
2085:LGBT rights activists
2062:LGBT rights movements
2042:Yogyakarta Principles
2001:Assisted reproduction
1979:Intersex human rights
1839:Russian anti-LGBT law
1585:History of lesbianism
1041:Queer heterosexuality
289:"Easy Cases, Bad Law"
2368:Anti-gender movement
1804:Tasty nightclub raid
1752:Gay Liberation Front
1453:Human male sexuality
1324:Romantic orientation
1123:Balkan sworn virgins
1021:Gender nonconformity
339:"Howard v. Arkansas"
233:separation of powers
2303:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric
1413:Gender essentialism
1211:Sexual orientations
186:in which the court
80:2006 Ark. LEXIS 418
16:American legal case
2403:Liberal homophobia
2260:Societal attitudes
2238:Societal attitudes
2202:Conversion therapy
2130:Sexual orientation
2090:Rainbow capitalism
2080:LGBT rights groups
1989:Same-sex parenting
1940:LGBT rights topics
1653:pre-Columbian Peru
1329:Same gender loving
975:Sexual diversities
629:Bisexual community
395:2017-03-05 at the
322:, October 4, 2004.
306:2010-06-17 at the
122:, Gunter, Dickey,
2555:
2554:
2517:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2493:Stop Murder Music
2293:Gay panic defense
2273:Heteronormativity
2225:
2224:
2192:Prenatal hormones
2119:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2006:Same-sex marriage
1967:decriminalization
1871:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1833:Lawrence v. Texas
1767:White Night riots
1757:Handkerchief code
1544:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1433:Gender transition
1423:Gender neutrality
1418:Gender expression
1403:Gender assignment
1351:
1350:
1202:Sexual identities
1196:
1195:
970:Sexual identities
965:Gender identities
952:
951:
948:
947:
671:Awareness periods
644:Community centers
562:
561:
367:. Huffington Post
353:, March 27, 2007.
291:, April 21, 2005.
167:
166:
2610:
2593:2006 in Arkansas
2543:
2542:
2534:LGBTQ portal
2532:
2531:
2530:
2310:LGBT stereotypes
2278:Heteropatriarchy
2268:Amatonormativity
2256:
2255:
2231:
2230:
2197:Sexual inversion
2125:
2124:
1984:Military service
1894:
1893:
1877:
1876:
1600:Social movements
1563:
1562:
1550:
1549:
1304:Non-heterosexual
1207:
1206:
994:
993:
985:
984:
958:
957:
933:Rainbow crossing
772:Religious groups
718:New queer cinema
590:
589:
568:
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507:Lesbian feminism
472:
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341:, June 29, 2006.
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286:
264:unconstitutional
147:, J., concurred.
107:Court membership
100:No. 60CV-99-9881
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2458:Corrective rape
2444:
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2283:Homonationalism
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2111:
2056:
2047:La Francophonie
2016:List of couples
1974:Hate crime laws
1935:
1888:
1863:
1813:
1747:Stonewall riots
1696:
1667:
1663:Medieval Europe
1626:
1557:
1536:
1347:
1334:Sexual minority
1252:Gray asexuality
1233:
1192:
1104:
989:Gender identity
979:
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859:
816:
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479:Academic fields
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397:Wayback Machine
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145:Robert L. Brown
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401:380 S.W.3d 429
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112:Judges sitting
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2435:Transmisogyny
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1854:Rainbow Night
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1727:Cadet scandal
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1643:Ancient Egypt
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1567:LGBTQ history
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1443:Hermaphrodite
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1257:Demisexuality
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1016:Gender bender
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850:Pink triangle
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735:Organizations
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554:Transfeminism
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544:Queer studies
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390:2011 Ark. 145
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366:
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135:Case opinions
133:
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91:Prior actions
89:
84:
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63:June 29, 2006
62:
58:
55:
52:
48:
45:
42:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
2544:
2525:
2425:Riddle scale
2393:Heterosexism
2332:Queerbaiting
2187:Neuroscience
2177:Kinsey scale
2152:Demographics
1849:Rainbow wave
1831:
1819:21st century
1771:
1714:
1702:20th century
1674:19th century
1658:Ancient Rome
1619:
1469:
1462:
1428:Gender roles
1368:Detransition
1341: /
1242:Aromanticism
760:Pride parade
688:Gay-friendly
549:Queer theory
385:
381:
369:. Retrieved
358:
346:
315:
296:
251:
249:
242:
229:
225:
205:
180:238 S.W.3d 1
170:
169:
168:
95:
86:Case history
76:238 S.W.3d 1
53:
24:
18:
2468:Gay bashing
2440:Transphobia
2373:AIDS stigma
2288:Pinkwashing
2162:Environment
2147:Birth order
1687:Section 377
1682:Molly house
1319:Questioning
1143:Femminiello
1073:Trans woman
1068:Transsexual
1051:Transgender
940:Transgender
865:Pride flags
755:Pride Month
723:Periodicals
683:Gay village
532:Transgender
512:Linguistics
452:transgender
188:unanimously
176:367 Ark. 55
162:LGBT rights
72:367 Ark. 55
2562:Categories
2398:Homophobia
2182:Klein Grid
2095:Separatism
1799:Section 28
1737:Sea queens
1464:Androgynos
1438:Healthcare
1373:Effeminacy
1299:Monosexual
1274:Bi-curious
1247:Asexuality
1229:Homosexual
1183:Two-spirit
1168:Mukhannath
1133:Faʻafafine
1100:Xenogender
918:Non-binary
698:Literature
659:Drag queen
639:Coming out
634:Businesses
539:Psychology
517:Literature
274:References
202:Background
2383:Gayphobia
2363:Acephobia
2358:Arophobia
2242:Prejudice
2070:Homophile
2023:Socialism
1615:Pederasty
1595:Migration
1388:Ex-ex-gay
1309:Pansexual
1138:Fakaleitī
1063:Trans man
1056:Akava'ine
1011:Cisgender
1001:Androgyny
923:Pansexual
873:Aromantic
802:Takatāpui
728:Portrayal
654:Drag king
575:Community
484:Discourse
239:Aftermath
68:Citations
2546:Category
2378:Biphobia
2246:Violence
2011:Timeline
1994:Adoption
1911:Americas
1672:16th to
1458:Intersex
1363:Acronyms
1224:Bisexual
1178:Travesti
1078:Mak nyah
903:Intersex
888:Bisexual
607:Literary
448:bisexual
393:Archived
371:July 24,
304:Archived
245:adopting
222:Decision
158:adoption
152:Keywords
118:, C.J.;
2142:Biology
2105:Lesbian
1926:Oceania
1555:History
1356:Related
1294:Lesbian
1284:Gay men
1219:Asexual
1153:Kathoey
1026:Khanith
928:Rainbow
913:Lesbian
908:Leather
898:Gay men
878:Asexual
835:Gaysper
822:Symbols
812:Tourism
807:Theatre
792:Slogans
622:Lesbian
597:Anthems
580:Culture
527:Lesbian
440:Lesbian
310:, 2009.
216:lesbian
60:Decided
2420:Racism
1921:Europe
1906:Africa
1794:ACT UP
1518:Tomboy
1471:Tumtum
1393:Female
1383:Ex-gay
1269:Banjee
1188:Winkte
1046:Theyby
845:Lambda
840:Labrys
797:Sports
777:Rodeos
740:People
666:Events
602:Awards
464:topics
266:. The
252:Howard
141:Corbin
126:, and
120:Corbin
116:Hannah
1314:Queer
1158:Köçek
1148:Hijra
1128:Bissu
1118:Bakla
1095:Womyn
1090:Womxn
1085:Woman
787:Slang
750:Pride
713:Films
708:Media
703:Music
693:Icons
613:Bars
460:LGBTQ
456:queer
128:Brown
124:Imber
40:Court
1916:Asia
1484:Male
1173:Muxe
1163:Māhū
883:Bear
745:Pets
454:and
373:2012
260:ACLU
208:ACLU
2100:Gay
1343:Dee
1339:Tom
1279:Gay
1031:Man
1006:Boi
617:Gay
522:Gay
444:gay
192:gay
2564::
1530:/
1491:/
462:)
450:,
446:,
442:,
399:,
388:,
327:^
281:^
198:.
178:,
174:,
160:,
98:,
78:,
74:,
2040:/
458:(
432:e
425:t
418:v
403:.
375:.
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