1066:
731:
768:
36:
595:
240:
451:
1307:
562:
Instead of territorial expansion, the dukes of Zähringen from the 1150s focused on attaining more immediate feudal control over the territories they already had. This included their policy of expanding settlements into fortified towns or cities and the construction of new castles, mostly in their
334:
in 1090 (though not his comital title, which stayed with the family von Wetter-Rheinfelden). Berthold II is so named both as Duke of Swabia (following
Berthold of Rheinfelden, the first duke of Swabia of this name) and as head of the House of Zähringen (following his father, who is counted as
350:. In 1098, he reconciled with Frederick, renounced all claims to Swabia and instead concentrated on his possessions in the Breisgau region, assuming the title of Duke of Zähringen. He was succeeded in turn by his sons,
425:
After the extinction of the ducal line in 1218, much of its extensive territory in the
Breisgau and modern-day Switzerland returned to the crown, except for the allodial titles, which were divided between the
807:), then Duke of Zähringen from about 1100. The numeral II carried by Berthold refers to both the House of Zähringen (succeeding his father Berthold I) and the Duchy of Swabia (succeeding
563:
territories north of the Rhine. Their encroachment on the rights of the comital nobility south of the Rhine seems to have been resisted, mostly passively, but in the case of the lords of
543:
The extinction of the counts of
Lenzburg in 1173 strengthened the Zähringer position south of the Rhine, but their territorial expansion was halted following their support of the
203:. The Zähringer attempted to expand their territories in Swabia and Burgundy into a fully recognized duchy, but their expansion was halted in the 1130s due to their feud with the
397:(d. 1186), who followed his father Conrad and founded the Swiss city of Fryburg (today's Fribourg-Freiburg) in 1157, spent much of his time in Italy in the train of Emperor
385:. This office was confirmed in 1152 and held by the Zähringer dukes until 1218. As a result, they are sometimes referred to as 'Dukes of Burgundy', although the existing
335:
Berthold I of Zähringen in spite of not historically having used the name Zähringen). Berthold II did use the name Zähringen, although he moved his main residence from
789:(c. 1000–1078, r. 1061–1077), is also known as "Berthold I of Zähringen". Therefore, the succession of dukes of Zähringen begins with his son as Berthold II:
434:, both descended from the sisters of Berthold V. Less than fifty years later, the Kyburgs died out, and large portions of their domains were inherited by the
1348:
555:, in spite of late attempts on the part of Berthold V to increase his territorial sway (who as late as 1210 aimed at receiving the jurisdiction over
1120:
882:
412:
in 1191, and when he died in
February 1218, the ducal line of the Zähringer became extinct. Among other titles, the Zähringen family acted as
1139:
1080:(d. 1196) was a son of Duke Conrad I of Zähringen. Upon the death of his brother Berthold IV in 1186, he inherited the family estates around
1273:
1097:
1154:. This branch of the family died out in the male line in 1981 and in its entirety in 1994 with the death of Francis's granddaughter,
1522:
1147:
979:
1311:
1341:
471:
1210:
171:. The Zähringer in the 12th century used the title of Duke of Zähringen, in compensation for having conceded the title of
583:
551:
during 1138–1152. This frustrated their ambitions to carve out a contiguous territorial duchy wedged between Swabia and
454:
Territories of the dominant noble houses in Swabia and Upper
Burgundy around 1200; Zähringen possessions shown in green
1512:
818:
351:
969:
104:
834:
633:
394:
315:
in 1061. However, this dignity was only a titular one, and
Berthold subsequently lost it when, in the course of the
215:. After the extinction of the ducal line in 1218, parts of the family's territories reverted to the crown (attained
207:. Pursuing their territorial ambitions, the Zähringer founded numerous cities and monasteries on either side of the
1334:
536:
in 1156. In compensation, Berthold IV received the investiture right for the bishops of Geneva, Sion and
Lausanne,
840:
775:
755:
405:
228:
99:
509:
408:, showed his prowess by reducing the Burgundian nobles to order. This latter duke was the founder of the city of
398:
378:
370:
330:(c. 1050–1111), who like his father fought against Henry IV, inherited a lot of the lands of Rudolf's son Count
1573:
1437:
782:
739:
649:
362:
262:
89:
1568:
1462:
824:
355:
1002:
855:
288:
912:
320:
1578:
1010:
994:
904:
804:
796:
347:
327:
254:(d. 982), who was first mentioned in 962. In view of his name, he may have been related to the Alemannic
1108:
598:
1427:
1267:
986:
851:
808:
533:
458:
Berthold I (ancestor of both the House of Zähringen and the House of Baden) held the comital titles of
331:
908:
828:
390:
382:
1244:, Zürich, dated 1187) is the only contemporary attestation of a Zähringer coat of arms. Franz Zell,
860:
1497:
1077:
1070:
442:, whereas other cities (such as Fribourg-Freiburg) only obtained the same status later in history.
1246:
Geschichte und
Beschreibung des Badischen Wappens von seiner Entstehung bis auf seine heutige Form
946:
until the end of the German monarchy in 1918. For the Heads of the House of Baden until 1918, see
1361:
1065:
947:
923:
894:
316:
1477:
1492:
1290:
637:
183:
in 1127, and they continued to use both titles until the extinction of the ducal line in 1218.
1487:
1284:
874:
186:
The territories and fiefs held by the Zähringer were known as the Duchy of Zähringen (German:
1472:
1402:
1317:
1143:
1112:
674:
548:
300:
1228:
1502:
1457:
1452:
943:
931:
916:
812:
659:
645:
618:
494:
168:
71:
67:
8:
1447:
1377:
1155:
1116:
939:
574:
The fragmentation of the Zähringer possessions after 1218 was an important factor in the
20:
1167:
478:
336:
243:
164:
1532:
1482:
1089:
751:
626:
579:
505:
490:
439:
366:
312:
265:(posthumously known as Berthold I of Zähringen, c. 1000–1078), held several lordships (
216:
180:
59:
1131:, became Queen of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Empress of India.
767:
1422:
1417:
1085:
552:
498:
435:
386:
319:, he joined the rising of his former rival Rudolf of Rheinfelden against German king
308:
1092:
shortly before his assassination. The line became extinct in 1439 with the death of
564:
1527:
1467:
1432:
1387:
1372:
878:
575:
1537:
1442:
1151:
900:
868:
786:
771:
750:, based on the respective coats of arms used in the later medieval period by the
735:
719:
606:
529:
340:
296:
292:
220:
160:
152:
63:
1203:
1197:
1191:
730:
1542:
1517:
1397:
935:
864:
800:
708:
521:
517:
467:
427:
374:
304:
224:
172:
1241:
641:
1562:
1507:
1412:
1262:
1093:
718:
on Lake Geneva is not a Zähringer foundation (having been founded in 1286 by
431:
280:
212:
35:
1407:
1392:
1124:
1060:
704:
284:
208:
138:
1326:
1138:
and (aside from Queen Mary) took the name
Cambridge, with his eldest son (
419:
1266:
1135:
594:
525:
477:
In 1098, Berthold II, founder of the House of Zähringen proper, received
255:
250:
The earliest-known ancestor of the family was one
Berthold, Count in the
49:
1240:
The shield with heraldic eagle visible in this seal (from a document at
239:
1382:
692:
556:
482:
414:
373:. Renaud prevailed, although he had to cede large parts of the eastern
267:
200:
1283:
1134:
Francis's surviving children ceased using their German titles during
1081:
696:
622:
463:
837:(c. 1125–1186), son, Duke of Zähringen from 1152, rector of Burgundy
700:
486:
430:(who subsequently called themselves the counts of Freiburg) and the
1128:
927:
666:
459:
251:
179:
in 1098. The Zähringer were granted the special title of Rector of
1084:
and, from 1187, adopted the title of Duke of Teck. His descendant
450:
1357:
843:(1160–1218), son, Duke of Zähringen from 1186, rector of Burgundy
276:
272:
176:
827:(c. 1090–1152), brother, Duke of Zähringen from 1122, rector of
722:) but shared the characteristic layout of the Zähringer cities.
1306:
1104:
715:
678:
295:, but this was not fulfilled, as upon Henry's death, his widow
189:
605:
Among the cities founded or expanded by the Zähringer dukes (
544:
204:
196:
738:
in a stained glass window by Hans Reichle (c. 1570–1642) in
682:
670:
568:
409:
19:"Zahringer" redirects here. For people with that name, see
578:
of the late medieval period in the region, including the
754:
who claimed the Zähringer inheritance (ancestors of the
528:. The territories south of Lake Geneva were conceded to
377:
lands to Conrad, who thereupon was appointed by Emperor
346:
In 1092, Berthold II was elected Duke of Swabia against
219:), while other parts were divided between the houses of
742:. There are two traditions of attributed arms, either
601:, shown on the Zähringer monument in Bern, Switzerland
512:). Ownership of Burgundy was contested, and Zähringer
1204:
1225:
Münzgeschichte des Zähringen-Badischen Fürstenhauses
1198:
1192:
361:
In 1127, upon the assassination of his nephew Count
632:in Swabia, east of the Black Forest (Württemberg):
1560:
821:(c. 1085–1122), son, Duke of Zähringen from 1111
691:Other towns owned by or under the jurisdiction (
474:). The county of Thurgau was lost around 1077.
445:
283:. By his mother, he was related to the rising
1342:
990:, Prince and Margrave, 1928–1929 (1867–1929)
926:, Herman's descendants ruled successively as
617:in Swabia, west of the Black Forest (Baden):
1277:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
307:in 1057. In compensation, Berthold was made
187:
1356:
261:Count Berthold's great-grandson, the later
1349:
1335:
34:
863:(d. 1175), daughter of Conrad I, married
163:nobility. The family's name derived from
1488:Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
1261:
1064:
953:Heads of the House of Baden since 1918:
766:
729:
593:
493:until 1173). Ownership of the county of
449:
365:, Conrad claimed the inheritance of the
238:
1107:with the same name was granted by King
540:realised only in the case of Lausanne.
1561:
40:Coat of Arms of the House of Zähringen
1330:
1281:
1088:(1235–1292) allegedly was designated
854:(d. 1110), son of Berthold I, became
762:
655:in Burgundy (western Swiss plateau):
291:had promised his vassal Berthold the
1211:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
915:, was the first to use the title of
508:was granted in 1127 (inheritance of
980:Prince William of Baden (1829–1897)
964:Friedrich I, Grand Duke (1826–1907)
877:(d. 1191), son of Conrad I, became
584:growth of the Old Swiss Confederacy
133:
13:
1320:– original castle of the Zähringer
1180:
973:, Grand Duke 1907–1928 (1857–1928)
14:
1590:
1299:
1282:Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920).
1127:(1867–1953), as the wife of King
959:Leopold I, Grand Duke (1790–1852)
888:
547:in the unsuccessful feud against
516:rule was limited to the parts of
1305:
1054:
438:. Bern achieved the status of a
124:1218 (ducal branch of Zähringen)
922:Now more commonly known as the
510:Otto-William, Count of Burgundy
389:was not an Imperial fief but a
199:in equal standing with the old
1234:
1223:August Freiherr von Berstett,
1217:
783:Berthold II, Duke of Carinthia
669:(Freiburg im Üechtland, 1157)
381:as a 'rector' of the Imperial
263:Berthold II, Duke of Carinthia
1:
1255:
1121:Duke Alexander of Württemberg
903:margravial title was used by
725:
695:) of the Zähringer include:
582:of Bern and Zürich, and the
466:, as well as being reeve in
211:, as well as in the western
195:), but it was not seen as a
7:
1161:
1014:, 2022–present (born 1970)
805:Frederick I of Hohenstaufen
803:from 1092 to 1098 (against
744:or an eagle displayed gules
586:in the early 14th century.
571:in an open revolt in 1191.
446:Possessions and territories
348:Frederick I of Hohenstaufen
16:Dynasty of Swabian nobility
10:
1595:
1268:"Zähringen (family)"
1058:
892:
809:Berthold I, Duke of Swabia
234:
18:
1368:
1248:(1858), p. 7 and plate I.
847:Other notable Zähringer:
589:
383:Kingdom of Burgundy-Arles
129:
119:
111:
95:
85:
77:
55:
45:
33:
28:
1186: Erwin Eugster:
1173:
1109:Charles I of Württemberg
1071:Adalbert I, Duke of Teck
1023:Karl-Wilhelm (born 2006)
1006:, 1963–2022 (1933–2022)
998:, 1929–1963 (1906–1963)
1274:Encyclopædia Britannica
948:List of rulers of Baden
909:Berthold I of Zähringen
895:List of rulers of Baden
748:gules a lion rampant or
504:The 'rectorate' of the
501:also dates to c. 1198.
404:His son and successor,
332:Berthold of Rheinfelden
317:Investiture Controversy
90:Berthold I of Zähringen
1291:Encyclopedia Americana
1146:and his youngest son (
1113:Prince Francis of Teck
1074:
861:Clementia of Zähringen
779:
759:
677:(castle before 1175),
610:
602:
455:
399:Frederick I Barbarossa
271:) in the Breisgau, in
247:
188:
156:
107:as Grand Duke of Baden
1574:German noble families
1438:Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
1144:Marquess of Cambridge
1098:Patriarch of Aquileia
1068:
1020:Friedrich (born 2004)
770:
733:
597:
549:Conrad III of Germany
453:
301:Rudolf of Rheinfelden
242:
115:Count, Duke, Margrave
1513:Palatine Zweibrücken
1314:at Wikimedia Commons
1156:Lady Mary Abel Smith
1123:. Francis' daughter
1039:Berthold (born 1976)
1017:Leopold, (born 2002)
944:Grand Dukes of Baden
942:until 1806, then as
907:, the eldest son of
852:Gebhard of Zähringen
792:Dukes of Zähringen:
756:House of Fürstenberg
707:(acquired 1198) and
646:Weilheim an der Teck
619:Freiburg im Breisgau
169:Freiburg im Breisgau
102:as Duke of Zähringen
72:Grand Duchy of Baden
68:Margraviate of Baden
1036:Ludwig (born 1937)
1031:Michael (born 1976)
1028:Leopold (born 1971)
940:Electorate of Baden
879:Archbishop of Mainz
875:Rudolf of Zähringen
856:Bishop of Constance
371:Renaud III of Mâcon
339:to the newly built
303:to the position of
159:) was a dynasty of
21:Zahringer (surname)
1579:962 establishments
1569:House of Zähringen
1463:Brunswick-Lüneburg
1312:House of Zähringen
1188:House of Zähringen
1090:King of the Romans
1075:
780:
763:House of Zähringen
760:
752:counts of Freiburg
740:Freiburg town hall
627:Neuenburg am Rhein
603:
580:imperial immediacy
576:communal movements
506:county of Burgundy
491:Counts of Lenzburg
456:
440:free imperial city
367:County of Burgundy
313:Margrave of Verona
256:Ahalolfing dynasty
248:
217:imperial immediacy
149:House of Zähringen
60:Duchy of Carinthia
29:House of Zähringen
1556:
1555:
1428:Habsburg-Lorraine
1310:Media related to
1285:"Zähringen"
1086:Conrad II of Teck
917:Margrave of Baden
905:Herman I of Baden
703:(acquired 1173),
699:(acquired 1127),
472:bishop of Bamberg
436:House of Habsburg
387:Duchy of Burgundy
309:Duke of Carinthia
145:
144:
141:(extinct in 1439)
1586:
1523:Holstein-Gottorp
1351:
1344:
1337:
1328:
1327:
1318:Zähringen Castle
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1232:
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1194:
1184:
1168:Zähringerbrunnen
911:. Herman's son,
811:of the House of
799:(c. 1050–1111),
746:(shown here) or
479:Zähringen Castle
432:counts of Kyburg
337:Zähringen Castle
299:appointed Count
287:family. Emperor
244:Zähringen Castle
194:
165:Zähringen Castle
125:
38:
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1152:Earl of Athlone
1115:(1837–1900), a
1063:
1057:
1052:
897:
891:
883:Bishop of Liège
772:Equestrian seal
765:
736:attributed arms
728:
720:Louis I of Vaud
625:(before 1148),
611:Zähringerstädte
592:
489:(alongside the
448:
428:counts of Urach
341:Freiburg Castle
326:Berthold's son
297:Agnes of Poitou
293:Duchy of Swabia
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1301:
1300:External links
1298:
1297:
1296:
1279:
1265:, ed. (1911).
1263:Chisholm, Hugh
1257:
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1250:
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1208:in the online
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865:Henry the Lion
858:
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801:Duke of Swabia
785:, Margrave of
764:
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709:Stein am Rhein
689:
688:
687:
686:
663:
658:on the Rhine:
653:
650:Limburg castle
630:
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518:Upper Burgundy
470:(owned by the
468:Stein am Rhein
447:
444:
369:against Count
354:(d. 1122) and
305:Duke of Swabia
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982:
981:
977:
972:
971:
967:
966:
965:
962:
961:
960:
957:
956:
954:
951:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
920:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
896:
884:
880:
876:
873:
870:
866:
862:
859:
857:
853:
850:
849:
848:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
826:
823:
820:
817:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
795:
794:
793:
790:
788:
784:
777:
773:
769:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
732:
723:
721:
717:
712:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
661:
657:
656:
654:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
628:
624:
620:
616:
615:
614:
612:
608:
600:
596:
587:
585:
581:
577:
572:
570:
566:
560:
558:
554:
550:
546:
541:
539:
535:
531:
527:
524:and north of
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
502:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
475:
473:
469:
465:
461:
452:
443:
441:
437:
433:
429:
423:
421:
417:
416:
411:
407:
402:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
375:Transjuranian
372:
368:
364:
359:
357:
353:
349:
344:
342:
338:
333:
329:
324:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
269:
264:
259:
257:
253:
245:
241:
232:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
213:Swiss Plateau
210:
206:
202:
198:
193:
191:
184:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
140:
135:
132:
128:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
101:
98:
94:
91:
88:
84:
80:
76:
73:
69:
65:
61:
58:
54:
51:
48:
46:Parent family
44:
37:
32:
27:
22:
1547:
1473:Hohenzollern
1408:Hohenstaufen
1358:Royal houses
1323:
1289:
1272:
1245:
1236:
1224:
1219:
1209:
1187:
1182:
1133:
1125:Mary of Teck
1102:
1076:
1061:Duke of Teck
1009:
1001:
993:
985:
978:
970:Friedrich II
968:
963:
958:
952:
934:of 1803, as
932:Final Recess
921:
898:
846:
819:Berthold III
791:
781:
778:, dated 1187
747:
743:
714:The city of
713:
705:Schaffhausen
693:Reichsvogtei
690:
665:Aare basin:
604:
573:
561:
542:
537:
520:east of the
513:
503:
483:jurisdiction
476:
457:
424:
413:
403:
360:
352:Berthold III
345:
325:
285:Hohenstaufen
268:Herrschaften
266:
260:
249:
209:Black Forest
201:stem duchies
185:
148:
146:
105:Frederick II
81:11th century
1503:Mecklenburg
1478:Württemberg
1458:Schwarzburg
1453:Wittelsbach
1393:Luitpolding
1378:Carolingian
1242:Fraumünster
1214:, 2015.
1136:World War I
1105:ducal title
1103:In 1871, a
1082:Teck Castle
835:Berthold IV
813:Rheinfelden
797:Berthold II
681:(c. 1180),
660:Rheinfelden
644:(c. 1200),
642:Bräunlingen
634:Sankt Peter
526:Lake Geneva
495:Rheinfelden
395:Berthold IV
379:Lothair III
363:William III
358:(d. 1152).
328:Berthold II
229:Fürstenberg
120:Dissolution
96:Final ruler
50:Alaholfings
1563:Categories
1448:Luxembourg
1383:Conradines
1256:References
1117:morganatic
1078:Adalbert I
1003:Maximilian
987:Maximilian
930:until the
893:See also:
867:, Duke of
841:Berthold V
776:Berthold V
734:Zähringen
685:(c. 1190).
662:(c. 1150);
599:Berthold V
557:St. Gallen
415:Reichsvogt
406:Berthold V
393:one. Duke
100:Berthold V
1548:Zähringen
1533:Bonaparte
1483:Oldenburg
1148:Alexander
1073:(c. 1190)
928:margraves
919:in 1112.
913:Herman II
831:from 1127
726:Genealogy
697:Solothurn
652:c. 1060);
638:Villingen
623:Offenburg
420:Zürichgau
343:in 1091.
323:in 1073.
289:Henry III
246:, c. 1500
192:Zähringen
190:Herzogtum
157:Zähringer
1423:Lorraine
1418:Habsburg
1388:Ottonian
1227:(1846),
1162:See also
1140:Adolphus
1129:George V
1069:Seal of
1011:Bernhard
995:Berthold
936:electors
901:Veronese
829:Burgundy
825:Conrad I
675:Burgdorf
673:(1191),
667:Fribourg
640:(1119),
636:(1093),
621:(1120),
553:Burgundy
538:de facto
534:Provence
514:de facto
499:Burgdorf
481:and the
460:Breisgau
321:Henry IV
252:Breisgau
181:Burgundy
136:(extant)
1528:Romanov
1468:Griffin
1433:Hanover
1373:Ascania
1362:Germany
1205:Italian
1119:son of
938:of the
871:in 1147
629:(1175);
613:) are:
497:and of
464:Thurgau
418:of the
277:Ortenau
273:Thurgau
235:History
177:Staufer
175:to the
161:Swabian
86:Founder
78:Founded
56:Country
1538:Wettin
1443:Nassau
1398:Salian
1199:French
1193:German
869:Saxony
787:Verona
716:Morges
701:Zürich
679:Murten
607:German
590:Cities
487:Zürich
422:area.
391:French
356:Conrad
221:Kyburg
153:German
112:Titles
1543:Lippe
1518:Hesse
1174:Notes
565:Glâne
545:Welfs
530:Savoy
485:over
225:Urach
205:Welfs
197:duchy
167:near
134:Baden
1508:Vasa
1413:Welf
1229:p. 3
1202:and
1190:in
899:The
881:and
683:Thun
671:Bern
569:Thun
567:and
532:and
522:Jura
462:and
410:Bern
311:and
281:Baar
279:and
227:and
147:The
139:Teck
1360:of
1111:to
774:of
559:).
1565::
1288:.
1271:.
1196:,
1158:.
1100:.
1096:,
950:.
815:).
758:).
711:.
609::
401:.
275:,
258:.
231:.
223:,
155::
1350:e
1343:t
1336:v
1294:.
1231:.
648:(
151:(
23:.
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