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412:. It is depicted with or without a red border, depending on the representations. The Duke of Brittany being also Count of Richmond, at least when the King of England recognized him as having the Honour of Richmond ("fief of Richemont"), the coat of arms of this county were identical to those of the duchy or slightly differenced.
416:
element of law that only one person per nation could bear a unique coat of arms. Bearing the ducal coat of arms meant or implied sharing the authority and the ducal properties. Jean III could not accept this from his stepmother and since he could not forbid her to bear the arms of Dreux, he decided to change his own.
415:
Jean III's stepmother was
Yolande de Dreux (mother of his half-brother Jean de Montfort). He was in litigation with her about the inheritance of her father the late Duke Arthur II. Yolande, from the same family of Dreux as Jean III, bore the same arms as him. However, in medieval heraldry it was an
423:
Finally, the main colours of the shield, chequy of azure and gold (in fact, gold and azure), indicated in the 13th century the
Capetian cousinship with the kings of France, an element which increased their prestige. But, by the 14th century, the fleurs-de-lys having become the central element of
419:
The other factor was that the arms of Dreux were differenced (the border of gules and the quartered ermine) thus indicating that they were the arms of a cadet, which was not very suitable for a large principality. They made
Brittany a heraldic dependency of the small county of Dreux (originally
317:, a younger son of the Count of Dreux. Peter's marriage to the heiress of Brittany placed the House of Dreux in one of the most important fiefs of France. Brittany became a lay peerage of the France in 1297 and was formally recognised as a duchy (rather than a county) by the French court.
366:, the Duchy of Brittany was made hereditary in the males of the Montfort line, at the termination of which it was to pass to the males of Blois-Penthièvre. In 1420 the Penthièvre family imprisoned the duke in a failed attempt to regain Brittany. When the last male Montfort duke,
388:
Pierre "Mauclerc" ("mauvais clerc", bad-cleric) de Dreux, the youngest of his family, was given a common difference among princes devoted to the clergy: a quarter of ermine. when he renounced the clergy, he kept the ermine difference. This prince was imposed in 1212 by the
335:, the duke's younger half-brother. Traditionally, females had been able to succeed as duchesses, but this practice was not consistent with most apanages granted by the French crown, which usually preferred male-only succession. Joan had married
403:
For a century (from 1213 to 1316), the shields and banners of the Breton princes bore the Dreux chessboard of gold and azure (yellow and blue) with a quarter of ermine. The Dreux chessboard itself comes from the
Vermandois chessboard (see
427:
Ermine fur had gained in value from the 13th century to the 14th century, and surpassed that of vair (fur from the squirrel), previously more highly valued. Ermine was now seen as the fur of kings and judges.
347:, meanwhile, supported the Montforts. John died in 1345 from an illness caught while besieging Quimper. His young children were placed into English custody. John's son,
309:
The Counts of Dreux were relatively minor nobles in France. The senior comital line became extinct in 1345. In 1212 the French king needed an obedient vassal to marry
351:
was allowed to return to
Brittany in 1362. Meanwhile, Charles was captured by the English in 1347 and imprisoned until 1356. Charles ultimately died at the
400:. Since she did not have a coat of arms, Pierre Mauclerc used his own arms as bailiff of the Duchy of Brittany and his successors did the same.
1729:
320:
The Dreux rulers of
Brittany descending from Peter used a canton ermine to mark them as cadets of the House of Dreux. Sometime in 1316,
1739:
405:
89:
61:
1757:, « L'hermine : de l'héraldique ducale à la symbolique de l'État » dans J. Kerhervé et T. Daniel, dir.,
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Above all, ermine, a sort of "semé of ermine speckles" responded, aesthetically and symbolically, to the semé of
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dependent on the Duchy of
Normandy). Simple arms of its own were desirable for Brittany from this point of view.
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1731:
The Gothic
Cathedral: Origins of Gothic Architecture and the Medieval Concept of Order - Expanded Edition
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408:) as they were related to the Vermandois counts, themselves of
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adopted the plain ermine as the arms of the Duchy of Brittany.
1728:
Simson, Otto Georg Von; Simson, Otto von (21 July 1988).
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
355:in 1364, fighting the forces of the younger John.
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384:Category:Coats of arms of the House of Dreux
370:, died, the duchy passed to his daughter,
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331:, daughter of his full-brother, and
47:adding citations to reliable sources
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16:Cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty
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482:John of Brittany, Earl of Richmond
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1734:. Princeton University Press.
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519:Family tree of House of Dreux
343:, who supported their cause.
364:War of the Breton Succession
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1761:, Brest, 1992, p. 253-264.
1339:House of Montfort-Brittany
441:Arms of the House of Dreux
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368:Francis II of Brittany
260:Breton House of Dreux
135:Arms of House of Dreux
345:Edward III of England
298:, who was given the
290:. It was founded by
264:Montfort of Brittany
43:improve this article
1327:Count of Penthièvre
843:Archbishop of Reims
509:Count of Penthièvre
339:, a nephew of King
221:Count of Penthièvre
834:BRANCH OF BRITTANY
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396:as husband to the
362:, which ended the
360:Treaty of Guérande
329:Joan of Penthièvre
296:Louis VI of France
268:Lords of Machecoul
1755:Michel Pastoureau
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99:February 2024
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60: –
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54:Find sources:
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32:This article
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284:cadet branch
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141:Parent house
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
294:, a son of
239:Dissolution
200:Final ruler
1772:Categories
1715:References
1703:Francis II
1560:Arthur III
1173:Arthure II
796:Robert III
69:newspapers
1676:Francis I
1034:Robert IV
644:Robert II
572:Louis VII
341:Philip VI
1685:Peter II
1315:John III
1297:John III
1288:Robert V
857:, Vienne
581:Robert I
527:Louis VI
480:Arms of
304:appanage
1569:Richard
1440:John IV
1140:John II
1067:John II
829:Peter I
358:In the
302:as his
286:of the
190:Founder
182:Founded
175:England
151:Country
83:scholar
1738:
1694:Gilles
1551:John V
961:John I
928:John I
653:Philip
382:See:
282:was a
210:Titles
172:
162:France
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1306:Peter
840:Henry
315:Peter
90:JSTOR
76:books
1736:ISBN
849:John
378:Arms
349:John
278:The
242:1514
185:1137
62:news
1324:Guy
45:by
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853:∞
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