Hou Jing - Knowledge

579:), where Hou was. Hou retreated to Woyang (渦陽, in modern Bozhou as well), and the armies faced off against each other. Initially, Hou was successful, forcing Murong's army to flee, but Murong soon regrouped, and the armies' positions stalemated. By the end of 547, Hou's army had run out of food supplies, and one of the generals who first supported him, Sima Shiyun (司馬世雲), surrendered to Murong. In spring 548, Murong made a public announcement to Hou's troops that their families were still safe (Hou had informed them that their families had been slaughtered by Gao Cheng), and Hou's troops, believing Murong, abandoned him. Hou fled with 800 soldiers who were still loyal to him. Murong gave chase, but gave up the chase when Hou reminded him that he himself would be useless if Hou were destroyed. The Liang general Yang Yaren (羊鴉仁), who was holding Xuanhu (懸瓠, in modern 633:, surprising Emperor Wu. In winter 548, he arrived at Jiankang and immediately put the capital under siege, quickly capturing the outer city with Xiao Zhengde's help and forcing the imperial troops to withdraw into the palace to defend it. However, with Yang Kan defending the palace, Hou could not quickly capture it. Soon, he declared Xiao Zhengde emperor, and he married Xiao Zhengde's daughter. Meanwhile, as the siege went on, Hou began to become cruel to the civilian population, permitting his army to pillage food from the people and causing large scale starvation among the civilians. He further forced the civilians to conduct siege construction against the palace. His general Fan Taobang (范桃棒) secretly offered to defect to Liang, but Emperor Wu's 509:), which he controlled, Hou was one of the generals who served under Gao both in besieging Hulao and in combating the Western Wei forces commanded by Yuwen that tried to relieve Hulao. The Western Wei forces were defeated and forced to withdraw, but even then Hulao did not fall, with Yuwen sending secret messengers to order its defender Wei Guang (魏光) to hold his position and await relief forces. Hou captured the messengers and, judging that it was more important to capture the garrison quickly, changed the messengers' message to "Withdraw from Hulao," and then allowed the messengers to reach Wei Guang. Wei Guang quickly withdrew from Hulao, which became again under Eastern Wei control. For this achievement, Hou was promoted to the honorific post of 568:), putting pressure on the city by damming the Si River (泗水) to cause it to flood against Pengcheng. However, against the advice of the senior general Yang Kan (羊侃), Xiao Yuanming did not quickly siege Pengcheng, but merely waited, pondering his next move. Hou cautioned him against Murong, and also informed him that if he defeated Eastern Wei troops, he should not chase them too hastily, lest that he fall into a trap. He did not heed the warning, and when Murong arrived at Pengcheng, Murong attacked him. The Liang troops were initially successful and quickly forced Eastern Wei forces to retreat, but Murong, anticipating this result, laid a trap, and when Liang troops gave chase, they became trapped and were crushed. Xiao Yuanming was captured. 528:, once making the comment to another friend of his and Gao Huan's, Sima Ziru (司馬子如), that he would remain loyal if Gao Huan were still alive, but that he could not serve together with the "Xianbei boy" (i.e., Gao Cheng) if Gao Huan died. (Gao Huan was ethnically Han, but was acculturated in the Xianbei ways.) In late 546, believing that Gao Huan was dead or near death, Hou began to prepare to rebel, and he did so in spring 547. He first surrendered the 13 provinces that he commanded to Western Wei, but subsequently also surrendered to Liang. Both Western Wei and Liang sent troops to support him. Before Western Wei and Liang troops could arrive, Eastern Wei forces commanded by Han Gui (韓軌) surrounded him at 652:. However, Hou soon decided that peace would not be sustainable, and once the ceasefire had lasted sufficiently long for him to obtain additional food supplies, he reneged, accusing Emperor Wu of a number of faults, putting the palace again under siege. Liu stood by, and the palace fell. Hou took control of Emperor Wu and Xiao Gang, issuing an edict in Emperor Wu's name ordering the provincial forces to disband. They did so, and Hou now had control of the capital region, although the provincial governors largely remained resistant to his orders. Hou deposed Xiao Zhengde back to the rank of Prince of Linhe, and used Emperor Wu as token authority. 907:), by now again under Liang control. When Hou woke up, he tried to give contrary orders, but Yang killed him with a spear and delivered his body to Jingkou. His body was then stuffed with salt and delivered to Jiankang. Wang Sengbian cut off the head and delivered it to Xiao Yi and cut off the hands and delivered them to Northern Qi. He then displayed the body publicly, and the public, including Emperor Jianwen's daughter and Hou's one-time wife, the Princess Liyang, quickly cut off Hou's flesh and consumed it. 838:), and Wang Sengbian took over command of Xiao Yi's forces there. Hou, instead of attacking Xiao Yi's headquarters at Jiangling directly, put Baling under siege but was unable to capture it, and his food supplies began to run low. Soon, he was forced to withdraw, and his forces collapsed. Ren was captured, while Song Zixian and Ding He (丁和), both major generals as well, were killed. Hou fled back to Jiankang, and Xiao Yi retook control of Jiangxia. Soon, with Wang Sengbian aided by another general, 750:

trappings and exercised imperial authorities, although neither claimed the throne at this point. Meanwhile, Xiao Yi, believing that his nephews Xiao Yu and Xiao Cha, who were technically his subordinates but not following his orders, would act against him in a coordinated manner, launched an attack on Xiao Yu. Xiao Cha tried to attack Jiangling to relieve the pressure on his brother, but could not, and Xiao Yi's army, while initially repelled by Xiao Yu, eventually, under the general

616:—a key assistant to Emperor Wu whom Hou had bribed, hoping that he would discourage peace talks, but whose opinion was unchanged by Hou's bribes—wrote back, "If you return Xiao Yuanming in the morning, I will deliver Hou Jing in the evening," Hou was incensed. He wrote a harshly worded accusation to Emperor Wu, who responded with meek words that failed to persuade Hou against a rebellion. Meanwhile, Hou entered into secret negotiations with Emperor Wu's nephew 770:

Daxin began to have disputes over the control of the territory, and Xiao Daxin stopped supplying Xiao Fan's troops. Xiao Fan died in anger and fear. At the same time, Hou was sending his generals Hou Zijian (侯子鑒) and Song Zixian (宋子仙) against Xiao Dalian and the other Liang officials to the east of Jiankang who were still resisting him, and by winter 549, Xiao Dalian and the other officials had fallen, allowing Hou to control most of modern

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spring 552 captured Liu Shenmao—who had initially given Hou the advice on how to seize Shouyang. Hou put these generals to death in cruel manners—cutting off Yuan and Li's arms and feet and then demonstrated them to the public for more than a day until they died; and he made a rolling pin with sharp swords on it to cut Liu to pieces alive. He also executed Xiao Yi's son Xiao Fangzhu.

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generals supported Liu Zhongli (柳仲禮) as their commander, preparing an assault on Hou's troops to lift the siege. In spring 549, Hou surprised them by attacking them first, killing the general Wei Can (韋粲). Liu engaged Hou, and both sides suffered heavy losses, with both Liu and Hou nearly dying in the battle. From that point on, Liu no longer displayed any interest in attacking Hou.

148: 483:), suffering heavy losses — partly because Hou gave the poor tactical advice that Gao should not try to set fires against Yuwen's troops. After the defeat, Hou offered to take the elite troops to launch a surprise attack on Yuwen, arguing that Yuwen would not be taking any precautions against such an attack and could be captured. However, when Gao consulted with his wife 874:

apprehensive, Hou Jing changed to order and allowed Hou Zijian to engage them on water, and Wang defeated him. Chen quickly set up advance positions north of the Qinhuai River (秦淮河, just south of Jiankang), and when Hou Jing himself attacked Chen, Chen defeated him as well. Against Wang Wei's advice to defend Jiankang, Hou Jing abandoned it and fled, commenting:

362:, the prince of Xiangdong, and was killed by his own associates while in flight. He is one of the most reviled figures in ancient Chinese history, known for his extreme cruelty to enemies and civilians. He is also known to have called himself "General of the Universe Past, Present, and Future, Commander of all Forces in the Six Directions" (宇宙大將軍、都督六合諸軍事). 846:

princess' ire. Wang Wei, believing that the Princess Liyang would eventually persuade Hou to harm him, instead advised Hou to remove Emperor Jianwen to show off his authority. Hou agreed, and in fall 551, he removed Emperor Jianwen and put the sons of Emperor Jianwen under his control, including Xiao Daqi, to death. He made Xiao Tong's grandson

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Nankang organized a plot to overthrow Wang Wei. The plot was discovered, and Wang Wei put Xiao Huili and his confederates to death. Wang Wei could not show that Emperor Jianwen was involved, but both Hou and Wang Wei became increasingly suspicious of Emperor Jianwen from this point on, and very few officials dared to visit the emperor.

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with short legs. Gao, however, knew of his abilities and honored him appropriately. But Hou was arrogant, and he often compared two other key generals, Pan Le (潘樂) and Gao Aocao (高敖曹), to wild boars in their charges. He also often claimed that if Gao allowed him to lead an army south, he could easily capture

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In summer 549, Emperor Wu died. (Some historians believe that Hou starved him to death.) Hou allowed Xiao Gang to take the throne (as Emperor Jianwen). Meanwhile, Xiao Zhengde, angry at Hou's betrayal of him, secretly communicated with Xiao Fan, but his letters were intercepted, and Hou put him to death.

414:). Soon, however, Gao appeared to recall Hou and make him one of his subcommanders. In 534, when Gao instigated Houmochen Yue (侯莫陳悅), the lieutenant of the independent general Heba Yue (賀拔岳), to assassinate Heba, he sent Hou to try to seize Heba's troops, but on the way, Hou encountered Heba's assistant 816:

Later that year, Hou made Emperor Jianwen create him the Prince of Han. Additionally, Hou made Emperor Jianwen promote him to the position of "General of the Universe Past, Present, and Future, Commander of all Forces in the Six Directions" (宇宙大將軍、都督六合諸軍事). Emperor Jianwen was surprised and remarked,

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Meanwhile, Gao Cheng, pursuant to directions left him by Gao Huan, commissioned Murong Shaozong as the commander of his forces against Hou—a move that caught Hou by surprise, as he was still apprehensive of Murong's abilities and was surprised that Gao Cheng would make Murong his commanding general.

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Hou Jing's hopes of joining Xie Daren, however, were dashed when one of Wang Sengbian's subordinate generals, Hou Tian (侯瑱), intercepted him and defeated him again, causing his remaining guard troops to collapse. Hou Jing took his remaining boats and fled on the Yangtze River, throwing his two sons

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The first action Hou Jing's troops, commanded by Xie Daren (謝答仁), took after he became emperor was to attack several generals to the east of Jiankang, who had risen against him in the last days of Emperor Jianwen's reign. In winter 551, Xie first captured Yuan Jun (元頵) and Li Zhan (李占), and then in

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Meanwhile, while Emperor Wu was effectively under arrest, he still resisted Hou's will when it came to personnel decisions and other matters that Hou wanted him to issue edicts on. In response, Hou put Emperor Wu under even greater secure guard, and it was said that Emperor Wu's supplies dwindled.

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In 537, when Gao launched a major attack on Western Wei, seeking to destroy it, Hou was with him, and advised against advancing in a single large army, advocating dividing the army into two parts that would remain at a distance and support each other. Gao did not accept his advice, and was defeated

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Hou declared a rebellion in summer 548, declaring that his intentions were to have the corrupt officials Zhu Yi, Xu Lin (徐麟), Lu Yan (陸驗), and Zhou Shizhen (周石珍) put to death. Emperor Wu commissioned his son Xiao Guan (蕭綸) the Prince of Shaoling to lead a four-pronged attack on Shouyang, believing

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in 530, and Emperor Xiaozhuang was in turn killed by Erzhu's relatives, members of the Erzhu clan controlled the imperial government. In 531, Gao rose against the Erzhus, and in 532, after Gao had defeated the Erzhus, Hou joined Gao, and Gao made him the governor of Ji Province (濟州, roughly modern

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as hostage. Xu initially had success against Hou, but in summer 551, Hou surprised Xu by bypassing him and making a surprise attack on Jiangxia, capturing it and seizing the general Bao Quan (鮑泉) and Xiao Yi's son Xiao Fangzhu (蕭方諸), eventually putting them to death in cruel manners. Xu's forces

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Of these Liang potentates, the ones with the most military strength at their disposal were Xiao Yi and Xiao Ji. Xiao Ji, however, appeared content to secure his realm, particularly because Xiao Yi discouraged him from advancing east against Hou. Both Xiao Yi and Xiao Ji began to take on imperial

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Hou Jing continued to serve under Gao Huan, and he became known as a brilliant tactician as well as a tough warrior even though, unlike many other generals at the time, he was not particularly skilled at horseriding, archery, or any other martial skills, and he was described as walking with a limp

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In spring 550, Hou married Emperor Jianwen's daughter the Princess Liyang, and it was said that he loved her greatly. His relationship with Emperor Jianwen appeared to improve by this point. Due to the wars, the territory under Hou's control suffered from a serious famine, and he ruled with the

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After Jiankang fell to Hou Jing, the northeastern provinces, north of the Yangtze River, largely surrendered to Eastern Wei, while the provinces to the east and west, hearing of the cruelty of Hou's troops, largely initially resisted him. Around this time, the key Liang potentates who were still

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Xiao Fan tried to elicit Eastern Wei help against Hou, but even though he gave up Hefei to Eastern Wei, Eastern Wei did not actually launch troops to help him. He was forced to advance west on the Yangtze. With Xiao Daxin's approval, he settled in Xiao Daxin's realm, but soon Xiao Fan and Xiao

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Around the new year 549, Xiao Guan's forces returned to Jiankang and tried to lift the siege. However, Hou engaged Xiao Guan and defeated him. Xiao Guan reorganized his troops and waited for reinforcement from the other provincial governors. The reinforcements soon arrived, and the provincial

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the Prince of Linhe, offering to make the ambitious Xiao Zhangde emperor, and Xiao Zhengde agreed to assist him. At the same time, despite warnings from Yang Yaren (whom Hou had tried to persuade to join in his plans) and Xiao Fan (蕭範) the Prince of Poyang, Emperor Wu failed to take precautions

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Meanwhile, Xiao Yi's forces, commanded by Wang Sengbian and Chen Baxian, continued to advance toward Jiankang, and they quickly arrived in Jiankang's vicinity. Hou Jing initially ordered Hou Zijian, whom he sent against Wang, not to engage Wang and Chen on water, but after Wang pretended to be

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Hou began to believe that his days might be numbered, and he wanted to become emperor in his remaining days. Meanwhile, Wang Wei, who believed that Hou was spending too much time with the Princess Liyang and ignoring the important matters, tried to get him to change his ways, but this drew the

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Hou, with his food supplies dwindling, offered peace to Emperor Wu, who initially refused. However, Xiao Gang persuaded Emperor Wu to negotiate, and peace terms were negotiated where Hou would be allowed to return to Shouyang, and Emperor Wu would allow him to control the provinces west of the

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Meanwhile, Gao Cheng started peace negotiations with Emperor Wu, offering to return Xiao Yuanming and intending to cause Hou to become apprehensive. Hou Jing opposed peace with Eastern Wei, worried that he would be betrayed if there was peace between the two states. Emperor Wu made a personal

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Meanwhile, Ren continued to advance west, intending to attack Xiao Yi, but was repelled by Xiao Yi's general Xu Wensheng (徐文盛). Hou personally led troops to aid Ren, leaving Wang Wei in charge of Jiankang. While Hou was away from Jiankang, Emperor Wu's grandson Xiao Huili (蕭會理) the Prince of

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In fall 550, Hou sent Ren Yue to attack both Xiao Daxin and Xiao Fan's son Xiao Si (蕭嗣). Ren killed Xiao Si in battle, and Xiao Daxin, unable to resist, surrendered, allowing Hou to take his domain under control. Meanwhile, Xiao Guan, who had by now settled at Jiangxia (江夏, in modern

556:, to show his good faith. Hou refused, and he tried to persuade a number of Western Wei generals to join him, but only Ren Yue (任約) did, with a minor army. The rest of the Western Wei forces withdrew their support from Hou and merely defended the provinces that Hou had given up. 393:, and initially, he learned tactics from Erzhu's lieutenant Murong Shaozong (慕容紹宗), but soon, Murong found it necessary to consult Hou for his opinion on tactical matters. After Erzhu largely put down the rebellions, Hou was made the governor of Ding Province (定州, roughly modern 898:

coast—apparently intending to return to the north. His guard Yang Kun (羊鵾, son of Yang Kan and brother of one of Hou's concubines), however, had other ideas, and while Hou was asleep, he ordered that the boats turn around and head toward Jingkou (京口, in modern

793:), was planning to attack Hou, but this drew Xiao Yi's ire—believing that Xiao Guan was intending to contend for the throne—and he sent Wang to attack Xiao Guan. Xiao Guan, not willing to engage Wang, abandoned Jiangxia and fled to Ru'nan (汝南, in modern 540:). Western Wei forces commanded by Wang Sizheng (王思政) soon arrived, and Han withdrew. Wang, not believing that Hou actually intended to become a loyal Western Wei subject, secured four provinces that Hou was willing to give up control to. Meanwhile, 498:, precipitating a major battle in which both Eastern and Western Wei suffered major losses. In the end, however, the Western Wei troops, commanded by Yuwen, was forced to withdraw, and the Luoyang region was again controlled by Eastern Wei. 824:

In spring 551, Western Wei put Ru'nan under siege, and after capturing it, put Xiao Guan to death. Meanwhile, Xu counterattacked against Ren, and Hou again led troops to reinforce Ren, this time carrying Emperor Jianwen's crown prince

857:. 14 days later, he had Xiao Dong yield the throne to him, and he claimed the title of Emperor of Han—a title that was not recognized by the Liang provinces not under his control, which by this point had begun to view Xiao Yi as the 879:

I had defeated Heba Sheng and Ge Rong and become famous north of the Yellow River. Later, after I crossed the Yangtze River, I easily captured the palace and forced Liu Zhongli to surrender. My defeats today are heaven's

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day of the 4th month of that year. (己卯，景昼寝；昆语海师：“此中何处有蒙山，汝但听我处分。”遂直向京口。至胡豆洲，景觉，大惊；问岸上人，云“郭元建犹在广陵”，景大喜，将依之。昆拔刀，叱海师向京口，因谓景曰：“吾等为王效力多矣，今至于此，终无所成，欲就乞头以取富贵。”景未及答，白刃交下。景欲投水，昆以刀斫之。景走入船中，以佩刀抉船底，昆以槊刺杀之。) While there is no

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Hou himself considered what his next action would be, and he, under advice from the Liang commander Liu Shenmao (劉神茂), ambushed and seized the Liang acting governor of Southern Yu Province (南豫州, modern central

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In late 534, Gao sent Hou to attack Heba Sheng (賀拔勝, Heba Yue's brother), who controlled the southern provinces at the time and was loosely allied with Yuwen Tai. Hou defeated Heba, forcing Heba to flee to the

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distrusted Fan and did not take up his offer; soon, Fan's correspondence was discovered, and Hou put him to death. Meanwhile, Yang Kan died, and Hou put even greater pressure on the palace defense.

418:, who sternly warned him against trying, and Hou retreated, allowing Yuwen to take control of Heba's troops. This allowed Yuwen to take control of the western provinces of the state, and in 534, 459:, and from that point on, those provinces were under his command. In winter that year, he was sent to raid Chuzhou (楚州). He had some initial success, killing its inspector (刺史) Huan He (桓和) on 612:

guarantee that he would not betray Hou—but Hou then tested Emperor Wu by forging a letter from Gao Cheng, proposing an exchange of Xiao Yuanming for Hou. When Emperor Wu, under advice from

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In 538, Hou recaptured several southern provinces that had defected to Western Wei in light of Eastern Wei's defeat at Shawan. He followed up by besieging the old Northern Wei capital,

603:). He sent an apology to Emperor Wu, and Emperor Wu, not having the heart to rebuke Hou after his defeat, made him the governor of Southern Yu Province without any punishment. 487:, Princess Lou reminded him that if Hou actually captured Yuwen, he would not return (i.e., he would then try to take power himself). Gao therefore decided against Hou's plan. 358:, and briefly, after controlling the Liang imperial regime for several years, usurped the Liang throne, establishing a state of Han. He was soon defeated by the Liang prince 925:) with short legs and longer upper body, and that he had high cheekbones and a wide forehead, his face was reddish with little facial hair, and he had a jackal-like voice. 378:

attacks. He appeared to be ethnically Chinese, but the matter of his ethnicity is not conclusive. When he was young, he was one of a group of friends who associated with

389:, Northern Wei plunged into a state of civil war, with much of the state overrun by agrarian rebellions. Around this time, Hou joined the army of the Northern Wei general 548:

the Marquess of Zhenyang, intending to relieve the pressure on Hou by opening another front to the east. Soon, Yuwen Tai demanded that Hou visit the Western Wei capital

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Hou put his two young sons, born during the time he was at Jiankang, into saddle bags and drowned them, and then fled east, intending to join Xie's army to the east.

467:, asking Chen to surrender. But, Hou was later defeated by Chen, and Chen's troops recovered the supplies which Hou's troops had abandoned during their retreat. 754:, put Changsha under siege. Unable to lift the siege on Changsha and fearful that he would be Xiao Yi's next target, Xiao Cha surrendered to 501:

In 543, when the Eastern Wei general Gao Zhongmi (高仲密) defected to Western Wei, along with the important garrison of Hulao (虎牢, in modern

1340: 762:, intending to have him contend for Liang's throne. Xiao Yi entered peace with Western Wei, leaving Xiao Cha alone at the moment. 521:

Despite the strong personal relationship between Gao Huan and Hou Jing, however, Hou had little respect for Gao's oldest son and

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In summer 550, Changsha fell to Wang, and Wang put Xiao Yu to death, putting Xiao Yu's domain directly under Xiao Yi's control.

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It is not known when Hou Jing was born, but it was known that he was from Huaishuo Garrison (懷朔鎮) -- one of the garrisons that

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Having defeated Xiao Yuanming, Murong now turned his attention toward Hou, and he marched toward Chengfu (城父, in modern

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Hou Jing and his rebellion caused great damage to the Liang dynasty; about five years after his death, Liang general

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Xiao Daxin (蕭大心) the Duke of Danyang (later the Prince of Xunyang), Xiao Gang's son, at Xunyang (尋陽, in modern

422:, whom Gao had made emperor in 532, seeking to slip out of Gao's control, fled to Yuwen's territory. Gao made 419: 43: 1175: 710: 560:

At the same time, Xiao Yuanming arrived at Hanshan (含山), near the important city of Pengcheng (彭城, in modern

714: 629:, decided he should not wait for Xiao Guan to close in; instead, he made a speedy march toward the capital 72: 1335: 455:

and taking those provinces for Eastern Wei. In 536, Gao put him in charge of the provinces south of the

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Xiao Bo (蕭勃) the Marquess of Qujiang, Emperor Wu's cousin Xiao Bing (蕭昞)'s son, at Panyu (番禺, in modern

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indicate that Wang Sengbian had crushed Hou Jing's rebellion in the 3rd month of the 1st year of the

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into the water to drown. He ordered that the boats head to Mengshan (蒙山), an island off the modern

976: 637: 626: 220: 1106:, vol.12. (大同二年，魏遣将侯景率众七万寇楚州，刺史桓和陷没，景仍进军淮上，贻庆之书使降。敕遣湘潭侯退、右卫夏侯夔等赴援，军至黎浆，庆之已击破景。时大寒雪，景弃辎重走，庆之收之以归。) 665:

Xiao Dalian (蕭大連) the Duke of Lincheng (later the Prince of Nan Commandery), Xiao Gang's son, at

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era. The month corresponds to 10 Apr to 8 May 552 in the Julian calendar. (三月，王僧辩等平侯景，传其首于江陵。)

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that he could put out Hou's rebellion quickly. Meanwhile, Hou, with advice from his strategist

613: 595:), Wei An (韋黯), taking control of Southern Yu Province's capital city Shouyang (壽陽, in modern 1277: 719: 359: 187: 544:

was greatly pleased by Hou's surrender, and launched a major attack commanded by his nephew

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emperor, although Xiao Yi and Xiao Ji still both declined imperial titles by this point.

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the Prince of Yuzhang emperor. Two months later, he put the former emperor to death.

79: 472: 1266: 854: 723: 346:(萬景), was a Chinese military general, monarch, and politician. He was a general of 313: 853:

Meanwhile, Hou was preparing to take the throne. He had Xiao Dong bestow him the

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and make Emperor Wu, an avid Buddhist, the head monk of the Taiping Temple (太平寺).

123: 1185: 1047: 426:, a member of the imperial Yuan clan, emperor, thus dividing Northern Wei into 758:, and Western Wei put Xiangyang under its protection and created Xiao Cha the 1289: 1259: 1165: 810: 759: 751: 649: 545: 522: 452: 355: 340: 300: 194: 155: 128: 969: 938: 634: 617: 587:), abandoned Xuanhu. The provinces that Hou controlled were now all lost. 464: 456: 371: 347: 216: 119: 802: 755: 697:

Xiao Guan the Prince of Shaoling, at the time roving without a settlement

549: 484: 431: 427: 382:, who often spent time in the countryside, seeking to correct injustice. 351: 255: 801:), where he entered into an alliance with Eastern Wei's successor state 1093:(乙卯) day and the date corresponds to 26 May 552 in the Julian calendar. 390: 260: 321: 318: 1255: 999: 985: 962: 900: 847: 826: 742: 738: 701: 580: 529: 525: 502: 415: 407: 224: 177: 21: 921:, Hou Jing was described as a man of short stature (shorter than 7 895: 771: 705: 700:

Xiao Yu (蕭譽) the Prince of Hedong, Emperor Wu's first crown prince

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Two sons, born in Liang territory (killed by Hou Jing himself 552)

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era. The date corresponds to 18 June 552 in the Julian calendar.

1153:(景长不满七尺，长上短下，眉目疏秀，广颡高颧，色赤少鬓，低视屡顾，声散，识者曰：“此谓豺狼之声，故能食人，亦当为人所食。”) 666: 572: 561: 476: 375: 326: 830:

collapsed. Xu was forced to regroup at Baling (巴陵, in modern

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having seized the throne in summer 550) and was created the

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9 December, and even wrote a letter to famed Liang general

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indicated that Hou Jing's head reached Jiangling on the

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Consort Yang, daughter of Liang general Yang Kan (羊侃)

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established on the northern border to defend against

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Hou Biao (侯標), posthumously honored as Emperor Yuan

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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 817:"How can a general's command be of the universe?" 606: 1287: 937:overthrew the Liang dynasty and established his 516: 722:the Prince of Xiangdong, Emperor Wu's son, at 1033:day of the 11th month of the 2nd year of the 1140:day of the 5th month of the 1st year of the 1005:Four other sons, names unknown (executed by 842:, Xunyang fell to Xiao Yi's forces as well. 655: 731:the Prince of Wuling, Emperor Wu's son, at 713:the Prince of Yueyang, Xiao Tong's son, at 494:, then defended by the Western Wei general 146: 1080:indicate that Hou Jing was killed on the 437: 106:Learn how and when to remove this message 365: 1288: 1040: 998:Oldest son, name unknown (executed by 910: 44:adding citations to reliable sources 15: 13: 691:Xiao Fan the Prince of Poyang, at 14: 1352: 975:The Princess Liyang, daughter of 918:History of the Southern Dynasties 20: 1341:Politicians from Inner Mongolia 607:Rebellion against Liang Dynasty 31:needs additional citations for 1147: 1126: 1113: 1096: 1076:, vol.05. However, vol.164 of 1058: 1024: 1007:Emperor Wenxuan of Northern Qi 401:). After Erzhu was killed by 331: 1: 1176:History of Southern Dynasties 1102:(冬十有一月戊申，...侯景攻克萧衍楚州，获刺史桓和。) 1089:day in the month, there is a 1018: 864: 517:Rebellion against Eastern Wei 460: 336: 238: 166: 1316:Generals from Inner Mongolia 1301:6th-century Chinese monarchs 1064:Emperor Yuan's biography in 7: 195:Regent of the Liang Dynasty 10: 1357: 961:Name unknown (executed by 805:(with Gao Cheng's brother 778:people with a heavy hand. 554:Emperor Wen of Western Wei 430:(under Gao's control) and 156:Emperor of the Han Dynasty 135:Emperor of the Han Dynasty 117: 1274: 1264: 1252: 1247: 944: 928: 656:Control of Liang emperors 621:against a Hou rebellion. 434:(under Yuwen's control). 317: 295: 285: 272: 267: 254: 249: 245: 234: 230: 208: 200: 193: 183: 173: 161: 154: 145: 140: 977:Emperor Jianwen of Liang 915:In his biography in the 888: 221:Emperor Jianwen of Liang 968:Lady Xiao, daughter of 1321:Liang dynasty generals 438:As Eastern Wei general 1331:Northern Wei generals 1326:Liang dynasty regents 1278:Emperor Yuan of Liang 366:Early life and career 204:548 – 31 December 551 661:resisting included: 471:by Yuwen Tai at the 385:During the reign of 40:improve this article 911:Physical Appearance 542:Emperor Wu of Liang 445:Emperor Wu of Liang 213:Emperor Wu of Liang 1336:People from Baotou 403:Emperor Xiaozhuang 1311:Founding monarchs 1306:Emperors of China 1284: 1283: 1275:Succeeded by 1009:during his reign) 552:to pay homage to 473:Battle of Shayuan 307: 306: 281: 280: 165:January 1, 552 – 116: 115: 108: 90: 1348: 1267:Emperor of China 1253:Preceded by 1245: 1244: 1158: 1151: 1145: 1130: 1124: 1117: 1111: 1100: 1094: 1062: 1056: 1044: 1038: 1028: 855:nine bestowments 462: 387:Emperor Xiaoming 338: 333: 324: 247: 246: 240: 168: 150: 138: 137: 111: 104: 100: 97: 91: 89: 48: 24: 16: 1356: 1355: 1351: 1350: 1349: 1347: 1346: 1345: 1286: 1285: 1280: 1271: 1269:(Southeastern) 1262: 1161: 1152: 1148: 1131: 1127: 1118: 1114: 1101: 1097: 1063: 1059: 1045: 1041: 1029: 1025: 1021: 947: 931: 913: 891: 867: 811:Prince of Liang 760:Prince of Liang 658: 609: 532:(潁川, in modern 519: 475:(沙苑, in modern 440: 368: 259: 223: 219: 215: 136: 133: 112: 101: 95: 92: 49: 47: 37: 25: 12: 11: 5: 1354: 1344: 1343: 1338: 1333: 1328: 1323: 1318: 1313: 1308: 1303: 1298: 1282: 1281: 1276: 1273: 1263: 1254: 1250: 1249: 1248:Regnal titles 1243: 1242: 1186:Zizhi Tongjian 1182: 1172: 1160: 1159: 1146: 1134:Zizhi Tongjian 1132:Volume 164 of 1125: 1112: 1095: 1078:Zizhi Tongjian 1057: 1048:Zizhi Tongjian 1039: 1022: 1020: 1017: 1016: 1015: 1014: 1013: 1010: 1003: 993: 992: 991: 982: 981: 980: 973: 966: 956: 955: 954: 946: 943: 930: 927: 912: 909: 890: 887: 883: 882: 866: 863: 747: 746: 735: 726: 717: 708: 698: 695: 689: 678: 657: 654: 608: 605: 518: 515: 439: 436: 420:Emperor Xiaowu 367: 364: 305: 304: 297: 293: 292: 289: 283: 282: 279: 278: 270: 269: 265: 264: 252: 251: 243: 242: 236: 232: 231: 228: 227: 210: 206: 205: 202: 198: 197: 191: 190: 185: 181: 180: 175: 171: 170: 163: 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767: 763: 761: 757: 753: 752:Wang Sengbian 744: 740: 736: 734: 730: 727: 725: 721: 718: 716: 712: 709: 707: 703: 699: 696: 694: 690: 687: 683: 679: 676: 672: 669:(present-day 668: 664: 663: 662: 653: 651: 650:Yangtze River 645: 641: 639: 636: 632: 628: 622: 619: 615: 604: 602: 598: 594: 588: 586: 582: 578: 574: 569: 567: 563: 557: 555: 551: 547: 546:Xiao Yuanming 543: 539: 535: 531: 527: 524: 523:heir apparent 514: 512: 508: 504: 499: 497: 493: 488: 486: 482: 478: 474: 468: 466: 458: 454: 453:Liang Dynasty 448: 446: 435: 433: 429: 425: 424:Yuan Shanjian 421: 417: 413: 409: 404: 400: 396: 392: 388: 383: 381: 377: 373: 363: 361: 357: 353: 349: 345: 342: 341:courtesy name 339:26 May 552), 334: 328: 323: 320: 315: 311: 302: 298: 294: 290: 288: 284: 276: 271: 266: 262: 257: 253: 248: 244: 237: 233: 229: 226: 222: 218: 214: 211: 207: 203: 199: 196: 192: 189: 186: 182: 179: 176: 172: 164: 160: 157: 153: 149: 144: 139: 131: 130: 125: 121: 110: 107: 99: 96:February 2008 88: 85: 81: 78: 74: 71: 67: 64: 60: 57: – 56: 52: 51:Find sources: 45: 41: 35: 34: 29:This article 27: 23: 18: 17: 1265: 1184: 1174: 1164: 1154: 1149: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1128: 1120: 1115: 1107: 1103: 1098: 1090: 1086: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1060: 1046: 1042: 1034: 1030: 1026: 970:Xiao Zhengde 939:Chen dynasty 932: 922: 916: 914: 892: 884: 878: 872: 868: 858: 852: 844: 823: 819: 815: 783: 780: 776: 768: 764: 748: 659: 646: 642: 635:crown prince 623: 618:Xiao Zhengde 610: 589: 570: 558: 520: 510: 500: 489: 469: 465:Chen Qingzhi 457:Yellow River 449: 441: 384: 372:Northern Wei 369: 348:Northern Wei 343: 330: 309: 308: 217:Xiao Zhengde 188:Emperor Yuan 127: 120:Chinese name 102: 93: 83: 76: 69: 62: 50: 38:Please help 33:verification 30: 1142:Cheng'sheng 1070:Cheng'sheng 1002:547 or 548) 965:547 or 548) 935:Chen Baxian 840:Chen Baxian 803:Northern Qi 756:Western Wei 704:'s son, at 485:Lou Zhaojun 432:Western Wei 428:Eastern Wei 352:Eastern Wei 256:Family name 174:Predecessor 124:family name 1296:552 deaths 1290:Categories 1179:, vol. 80. 1169:, vol. 56. 1019:References 986:Concubines 865:As emperor 391:Erzhu Rong 299:Hou Biao ( 263:: Jǐng (景) 261:Given name 66:newspapers 55:"Hou Jing" 1256:Xiao Dong 1121:Liang Shu 1110:. vol.32. 1108:Liang Shu 1074:Liang Shu 1000:Gao Cheng 995:Children 963:Gao Cheng 901:Zhenjiang 848:Xiao Dong 827:Xiao Daqi 813:as well. 743:Guangdong 739:Guangzhou 724:Jiangling 715:Xiangyang 702:Xiao Tong 638:Xiao Gang 581:Zhumadian 530:Yingchuan 526:Gao Cheng 503:Zhengzhou 416:Yuwen Tai 408:Liaocheng 268:Era dates 258:: Hóu (侯) 225:Xiao Dong 184:Successor 178:Xiao Dong 1189:, vols. 1157:, vol.80 1123:, vol.56 1053:vol. 164 896:Shandong 859:de facto 807:Gao Yang 772:Zhejiang 711:Xiao Cha 706:Changsha 682:Jiujiang 675:Zhejiang 671:Shaoxing 631:Jiankang 627:Wang Wei 550:Chang'an 496:Dugu Xin 412:Shandong 380:Gao Huan 332:Hóu Jǐng 310:Hou Jing 273:Tàishǐ ( 141:Hou Jing 118:In this 1155:Nan Shi 1104:Wei Shu 950:Father 905:Jiangsu 832:Yueyang 795:Jingmen 733:Chengdu 729:Xiao Ji 720:Xiao Yi 686:Jiangxi 566:Jiangsu 534:Xuchang 492:Luoyang 481:Shaanxi 395:Baoding 360:Xiao Yi 344:Wanjing 335:; died 314:Chinese 291:Hàn (漢) 241:May 552 209:Emperor 169:May 552 129:Hou (侯) 80:scholar 1138:wu'yin 1031:jichou 984:Major 958:Wives 945:Family 929:Legacy 667:Kuaiji 614:Zhu Yi 573:Bozhou 562:Xuzhou 513:(司空). 511:Sikong 477:Weinan 376:Rouran 354:, and 329:: 327:pinyin 316:: 296:Father 122:, the 82: 75: 68: 61: 53: 1091:yimao 1087:jimao 1082:jimao 1035:Dabao 889:Death 880:will. 836:Hunan 799:Hubei 791:Hubei 787:Wuhan 693:Hefei 601:Anhui 597:Lu'an 593:Anhui 585:Henan 577:Anhui 538:Henan 507:Henan 399:Hebei 356:Liang 287:House 250:Names 201:Reign 162:Reign 87:JSTOR 73:books 1272:552 235:Died 59:news 1258:of 1239:164 1235:163 1231:162 1227:161 1223:160 1219:159 1215:158 1211:157 1207:156 1203:155 1199:152 1195:150 1191:149 1037:era 923:chi 126:is 42:by 1292:: 1237:, 1233:, 1229:, 1225:, 1221:, 1217:, 1213:, 1209:, 1205:, 1201:, 1197:, 1193:, 1051:, 941:. 903:, 834:, 797:, 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