Hoti (tribe) - Knowledge

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saw in them the borders of their own territory. Furthermore, the Ottomans considered the office of head bajraktar as a means that in times of rebellion could be used to divide and conquer the tribes by handing out privileges to a select few. On the other hand, autonomy of the borderlands was also a source of conflict as the tribes tried to increase their autonomy and minimize involvement of the Ottoman state. Through a circular series of events of conflict and renegotiation a state of balance was found between Ottoman centralization and tribal autonomy. Hence, the Ottoman era is marked by both continuous conflict and a formalization of socio-economic status within Ottoman administration.

1198: 1477: 2516:(Mountain of the Hotis). The Hoti tribe, traditionally Catholic, had a population of about 4,000 in 1842. The Hotis were well respected among the other tribes and had the right to march first into battle. The Great Powers decided that the lands of Hoti and Gruda were to be handed over to Montenegro on 22 April 1880. Ottoman forces withdrew from the region on 22 April, but advancing Montenegrin troops were met with fierce resistance from the Albanian forces of the League of Prizren, in particular at the Bridge of Rrzhanica, as commemorated in Canto 14. 2259:. In relation to Hoti this would have left an additional problem of tensions and instability due to the tribe having precedence by tradition over the other four tribes during peace and war. In January 1880 it was decided that this area would be annexed by Montenegro and the agreement was ratified on April 18, 1880. Preparations were already being made by the highland tribes. In March, Hoti, Gruda, Kelmendi and Kastrati proclaimed that the annexation would be stopped and started gathering forces near the border. The tribes had committeed to a 2525: 2512:"Northern Albanian tribe and traditional tribal region. The Hoti region is situated in the District of Malesia e Madhe along the road from the Albanian-Montenegrin border-crossing Han i Hotit ('The Inn of Hoti') and Bajza, up the valley to the northeast to Rapsh-Starja, leading towards Vermosh. It borders on the traditional tribal regions of Gruda to the north, Kelmendi to the northeast, and Kastrati to the south. the name Hoti was recorded in 1330. In 1474, the region was mentioned as 43: 1924: 1815: 2414: 1798: 2591:) of Hoti belong to brotherhoods who are descended from the four sons of Geg Lazër Keqi: Pjetër, Junç, Gjon, Lajç. In addition to using the names of brotherhoods or that of the oldest known ancestor as surnames, individual families may also have a patronymic surname taken from a more recent ancestor or the village of origin. From Pjetër Gega, founder of Traboin, trace their descent: Gjelaj, Gojçaj, Dedvukaj, Nicaj, Lekvukaj, 1939:, which had 10 settlements (Geg, Tihomir, Mihalina, Ibthosh, Vidagi, Ishbisha, Lubica, Pobrezhan, Bozhan, Oblana) with 195 households in total in the defter of 1485. The actual number of households may be higher as the people from two villages (Ibthosh, Oblana) hid in the mountainous terrain to avoid registration and one village (Ishbisha) appeared to be abandoned altogether. Villages like Podgora that were given as 1857:. Under Podgora as the head village in the area they also controlled the settlements of Majora, Egreshi, Vajushi, Karokjeta (alt. Feralini), Sordani, and Ljushta. This last settlement was headed by brothers Junk and Vlatik Hoti, who were given full hereditary rights to Ljushta and its property and had to pay yearly rent to Venice for these rights. Another Hoti by the same name appears in Venetian archives in 1434 as 2215:. Various scenarios in which highland territory was given to Montenegro were being discussed as the Ottoman Empire and Montenegro were preparing to sign the recognition of Montenegro's independence and enlarged borders. In April 1880, Italy suggested that the Ottoman Empire give Montenegro the Tuz district with its Catholic Gruda and Hoti populations that would have left the tribes split between both countries. The 2488:

date for the state celebration of the "day of liberation" of Tuzi. After 1948, the border between Albania and Yugoslavia closed and became heavily militarized. Border regions like Hoti suffered in particular as family members became isolated from one another. In the 1990s, the collapse of the economy led to heavy migration throughout Hoti, Gruda and the northern highlands as was happening throughout the Balkans.

1260:. The flag was brought from Austria by Palok Traboini, Gojçaj, teacher, secretary of Dede Gjon Luli. Read the book "Flag in Deçiq" Palok Traboini 2012. Hoti is almost entirely Catholic and a few families are Muslim. Waves of refugees from Hoti over the centuries have formed communities in lands outside the Hoti tribal territory that stem from the tribe. Nowadays, many emigrants from Hoti have settled in the US. 2191: 2288:(pledge) had been agreed by Hoti, Gruda, Kastrati and Shkreli to stop the delimitation of Ottoman-Montenegrin border. Ottoman front Austria-Hungary intervened for an armistice to be signed. Then, a punitive expedition was carried out in the Hoti, Gruda and Kastrati regions by the Ottomans under Hafiz Pasha on June 10. After gaining control on June 25, the Ottomans razed Hoti. 2119:(flag-bearer) by the Ottoman state and was responsible for rallying and leading men-in-arms from the tribe in campaigns of the Ottoman army. The bajraktar of Hoti, who was recognised as the first bajraktar of Malësia, led the forces of tribes (Kelmendi, Shkreli, Kastrati, Gruda and three smaller tribes) in times of war mobilisation. The event which made Hoti a 2603:

Lajç Gega trace their descent: Smajlaj, Gjerkaj, Dekaj, Dreshaj. All the brotherhoods also use Lajçaj as a surname. Llesh P. Smajlaj, a local folklorist in his collected works (2012) writes that up to the mid 20th century the Locaj brotherhood, two families descended from the brothers Dakë and Cak Hasani and two families descended from Martin Peci were

2476:(New Hoti) was settled in 1932 by families of refugees that came from Traboin. In the now Yugoslav part of Hoti, the political situation was tense and unstable. Albania itself was falling under Italy's sphere of influence and Italy was presenting itself as the champion of Albanian national rights. In this political context, documents from the British 2327:. The Great Powers chose a conciliatory policy and were against a new Albanian revolt. As Nicholas made more and more open statements about annexation under Montenegro and was also called upon by the Great Powers to remain neutral and not risk a general war, the rebels chose to move forwards and start the attack on March 24, 1911. 2553:

status and other rights on the condition that one of its leaders converts to Islam. From that point, the bajraktar of Hoti is Muslim and those families that today are Muslim descend from this original conversion. Thus, in the late Ottoman period, the tribe of Hoti consisted of 500 Catholic households

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demanding Albanian socio-political and linguistic rights. Hoti's representation included Ded Gjo Luli and Gjeto Marku and its three parish priests, Karl Prenushi (Vuksanlekaj), Sebastian Hila (Rrapsha) and Luigj Bushati (Traboin). The memorandum was refused, but a negotiation process began, which led

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to resist with all their might any upcoming Ottoman expeditions, thereby protecting their self-government and disallowing the establishment of the authority of the Ottoman Spahis in the northern highlands. Their uprising had a liberating character. With the aim of getting rid of the Ottomans from the

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In 1613, the Ottomans launched a campaign against the rebel tribes of Montenegro. In response, the tribes of the Vasojevići, Kuči, Bjelopavlići, Piperi, Kastrati, Kelmendi, Shkreli andi Hoti formed a political and military union known as “The Union of the Mountains” or “The Albanian Mountains” . The

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are traditionally found in short forms also as Pjeç, Lajç, Junç. In the same tradition, other northern Albanian and Montenegrin tribes are presented as linked by ancestral ties. A similar story has been collected in the area of Vasojevići, where their direct ancestor was recorded as brother of a Pipo

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From Junç Gega trace their descent: Lucgjonaj (the bajraktars of Hoti from whom the Çunmulaj descend), Frangaj, Dojanaj, Palaj, Çekaj, Gegaj, Prekaj. All the brotherhoods also use Junçaj as a surname. From Gjon Gega trace their descent: Gjonaj, Hasanaj, Martinaj, Gjoknikaj, Vatnikaj, Haxh(i)aj. From

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Yugoslavia's capitulation to Germany in WWII led to a reshaping of borders and Hoti became a part of Albania under Italian and later German hegemony in 1941–4 to win support for the Axis among Albanians. In 1945, the Yugoslav Partisans got control of Hoti and Gruda again. December 15 is the official

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In 1614, Mariano Bolizza wrote "Report and description of the Sanjak of Shkodra 1614" to send to his masters in Venice. He noted, "Hoti is commanded by Lord Zaffer Zaus (Xhafer Caushi) and Rezepcceleppi Hazichi (Rexhep Celebi Haseqiu)." In regard to villages of Hoti, he also noted, "30 houses - Tusi

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tribe over pasture lands. Despite Balša's support to Mataguži, Hoti took over the disputed lands and Mataguži retaliated by killing four Hoti tribesmen. As Balša III again sided with Mataguži and did not call for punishment for the murders, Hoti switched fealty to Venice in return for their support.

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in May 1913. By the terms of the treaty, Hoti was to remain entirely within Albania. In June, the second Balkan war broke out. With the defeat of Bulgaria, the victors, including Montenegro, increased their borders and more than half of Hoti was given to Montenegro, as was all of Gruda by the terms

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From the late 16th century onwards, tribes like Hoti were in a state of semi-autonomy, but also one of occasional conflict with the Ottoman state as it was a Catholic region and tribe in the borderlands, which could be a potential source of tension in the wars of the Ottomans against their Catholic

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From the Ottoman perspective, the institution of the bajrak had multiple benefits. Although it recognized a semi-autonomous status in communities like Hoti, it could also be used to stabilize the borderlands as these communities in their new capacity would defend the borders of the empire, as they

2127:(Ulcinj/Ulqin). Luc Gjoni Junçaj, until then voivode, was offered the position of bajraktar on the condition that he converted to Islam. An assembly of all of Hoti, decided that his son Nikë Luca Gjoni (also called Ujk Luca) would convert on the condition that all men of Hoti, who were detained in 2001:

and this was a further cause of resentment. This was the background for papal missions in the region to boost Catholic ecclesiastical organization against the pressure of islamization. Its military and political counterpart were the meetings of tribes in northern Albania and Montenegro in order to

1235:

Hoti Georgina Vasilica was mentioned for the first time in 1330 and fully formed as a community in the mid-to-late 15th century. In its long history, Hoti played an important role in regional politics as a leading community in the northern Albanian tribal structure and as a semi-autonomous area in

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in August 1913. Still, the region remained in turmoil and Montenegrin actual control was not established as clashes broke out in the borderlands. Then, the Serbian army intervened and occupied the area. After further intervention from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Serbian army withdrew. In the

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would be released, special taxes would be removed and all men from Malësia would not be conscripted to fight in wars outside of Albanian territory. Thus, Nikë Luca became Mehmet Luca Gjoni, while his brother Vuj Luca remained Catholic. The new brotherhood that was formed as an offshoot of Junçaj,

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came to the defense line. Of the 6,800 that were in the defensive position of Helm, 500 were from Hoti. These events stopped the annexation of Hoti, although Triesh was handed to Montenegro. The border area remained vague and a conflict zone in the years that followed. In May a new agreement was

1947:

The defter of 1485 of Scutari also gives crucial information about the relations with the central Ottoman authorities. The tribal structure of communities like Hoti signified underdeveloped feudal relations of property ownership and also the existence of a close-circuit natural economy. In this

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and martial law was declared. On May 14, the Ottomans started a new attack with 10,000 men in the Dinosha-Tuzi-Deçiq line defended by 2,000 highlanders. The defense was surrounded and retreated again towards Podgorica. The Ottomans called for submission and offered amnesty and a large monetary

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of Hoti, this meant that for the first time the Ottoman government pledged to open and fund a primary school in Albanian. Schooling in Albanian until then was either offered by the priests and monks of the Catholic Church or in one of the Albanian schools that Austria-Hungary funded under the

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In 1881–2, Hoti and Gruda planned an attack against Montenegro and carried raids past the border with Kuči. The situation was very unstable in the area as the Ottomans tried to re-establish their administration. In May 1883, 3000 highlanders rose in rebellion against the Ottoman state. A new

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Further analysis of population data and historical records have shown that while the Hoti lived by the early 15th century in their present area, the Hoti as a territorial-tribal unit of the same settlement area as today, would consolidate in the mid-to-late 15th century. For example, in 1455

2383:(Now brothers you have earned the right to see that which has been unseen for 450 years) has been attributed to Ded Gjo Luli by later memoirs of those who were present when he raised the flag. The Ottoman response came throughout April and Tuzi was retaken and many villages were burnt by 1484:

Oral traditions and fragmentary stories were collected and interpreted by writers who travelled in the region in the 19th century about the early history of the Hoti tribe. Since then, analysis of recorded historical material, linguistics and comparative anthropology have provided more

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framework, the resistance of these communities to pay taxes according to the new timar system forced the Ottomans to accept their settlement as communal entities outside the timar registers. Hoti was exempted from the timar system of land allocation in the early Ottoman Empire and no

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and its goal of southwards expansion threatened the borderland autonomy of Hoti, which Montenegro sought to bring under its control. The interests of Great Powers (mainly Russia, Austria-Hungary, Italy) in the region further complicated the situation. These events collectively called

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even though they were nominally his vassals. The Venetial administration of Scutari considering a possible raid by Hoti in their lands and the prospect of alliance with them did not accept his request. Balša as an act of retaliation against Venice burned down the vineyard village of

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Later full translations of Ottoman defters also showed that despite chronological discrepancies and other errors, oral folk tradition was indeed based on actual historical figures. For example, in 1974 Selami Pulaha who translated from Ottoman Turkish and published the defter of the

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to Hoti in Venetian times had reverted to their old administrative divisions. One hundred years later in the defter of 1582, some villages would be abandoned and re-appear under other names like Oblana which did not exist anymore in 1582; instead in its place Traboin had emerged.

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was erected by the descendants of the victims in an event jointly attended by representatives of the municipalities of Malësi e Madhe in Albania and Tuzi in Montenegro. One of the descendants of those killed is Gjon Junçaj, Albanian-American prosecutor and US envoy to Albania.

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presented their case for Hoti and other territories to be returned to Albania, but borders remained unchanged. Under the new treaties, the Serbian army entered Hoti, Gruda and the northern highlands that were given to Montenegro in the treaty of Bucharest, now as part of the

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river basin in 1330 is the first mention of the Hoti name in historical records in the chrysobulls of Dečani. Šufflay considers this region as the original area of settlement of Hoti from which they moved southwards. At the same period, other Albanologists like

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details of the stories and the links with such territories. Indeed, Albanian pastoral communities from the Plav area used to move their herds in Bosnia during the winter months and then move back in the spring and summer months to their natural grazing lands.

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in the oral stories. Later research would provide a definite date about the earliest information about Hoti in their present location in 1414 and more details in the cadastre of Venetian Shkodra in 1416–1417. This fact, Durham acknowledges in her 1928

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On April 22, defensive lines were formed in Tuzi against the Montenegrin annexation that was about to happen the following day. Of the 400 initial defenders of Tuzi, many were from Hoti. In the coming days, this grew to 12,000 as volunteers from the

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and 23 Muslim that included the family of the bajraktar. This conversion did not affect relations within the community as although Muslim, the bajraktar followed the traditions of the tribe. He annually funded the feast of St. John the Baptist (

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until November 6, 1908. Despite initial high promises, constitutional rights were never implemented as was hoped and repression towards minorities soon became a central policy of the Young Turks. In Kosovo, hopes rose again with the outbreak of

3426:"Kontribut për studimin e ngulitjes së katuneve dhe krijimin e fiseve në Shqipe ̈rine ̈ e veriut shekujt XV-XVI' [Contribution to the Study of Village Settlements and the Formation of the Tribes of Northern Albania in the 15th century]" 3303:"Kontribut për studimin e ngulitjes së katuneve dhe krijimin e fiseve në Shqipe ̈rine ̈ e veriut shekujt XV-XVI' [Contribution to the Study of Village Settlements and the Formation of the Tribes of Northern Albania in the 15th century]" 2230:

The Ottoman state in order to avoid internal rebellion in the region at the prospect of annexation, erased all debts in the region and redistributed part of the crops that were paid as taxes. The first area that was designated to be ceded was

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in 1672 notes that in Brigje besides the church, there was also a school in function. Rrapshë first became a parish in 1699, when the Franciscan Order settled in Hoti. One of the many franciscans, who served in the church of Brigje was Fra

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and Nicholas I, but the Montenegrin army had suffered 15,000 losses. The long resistance also meant that Montenegrin claims in the region were hampered. The final status of the city was to remain in the new Albanian state in the ensuing

2316:, but it was defeated. This was followed by the ban on Albanian education, arrests and exile of Albanian nationalists and a campaign to disarm the highlanders of Malësia. In the meantime, the highland tribes were in communication with 1838:). From this period onwards, historical records and details provide a much clearer view on the Hoti tribe, its socio-economic status and its relations with its neighbours. The 1416-1417 Venetian cadastre of Shkodra and the 1485 2971: 1980:

position required mountain communities to maintain and protect land routes, throughout the countryside, which connected regional urban centres. In return they were exempted from extraordinary taxes. The Hoti tribe held

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and thirty Ottomans died in the battle but it became known because after victory was secured, Ded Gjo Luli raised the Albanian standard on the peak of Bratila. The flag hadn't been raised since the 15th century and

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Hoti is almost entirely Catholic. Its oldest church is in ruins and dates to around 1500. Hoti was divided in two parishes: one in Rrapshë and the other in Traboin. The church of Rrapshë is the locality of Brigje

2078:, establishing the so-called "Seven-fold barjak" or "alaj-barjak", against the Ottomans. Similar rebellious events continued until the end of hostilities between Venice and the Ottoman. After the war, in 1671, 1956:) are found in nahiya of Hoti as communal property organization remained unaffected. Hoti was also exempted from all extraordinary taxes to the new central authorities. Instead they were in the position of 2501:

In the English Translation (Robert Elsie, Janice Mathie-Heck) of the Albanian National Epic "The Highland Lute" by Gjergj Fishta, the Hoti Tribe, as well as other northern tribes, is mentioned frequently.

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from Hoti and Grude in what used to be Montenegro, right along the Yugoslav frontier down to Dibra and Ochrida, no inconsiderable area and population await the crusade of an Albanian or Italian Liberator.

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compensation for any leader who surrendered, but this was refused. Meanwhile, the uprising had gotten international coverage and groups of volunteers were being organized to come in the region to fight.

2464:. On December 25, 1919, the Serbian army carried an operation under which it arrested and executed in Hoti at least 72 men. This event was commemorated 100 years later and a monument in the village 2182:(Tuz), commanded by Gie Giecco (Gje Gjeko), 70 men in arms." Additionally, in regard to villages of Roman rite, "212 houses - Hotti (Hoti), commanded by Maras Pappa (Marash Papa), 600 men in arms." 1887:

in the cadastre. The document also provides for the discharge of penalties against the Hoti tribe that were applicable under Venetian law. These penalties had to do with damage caused by Hoti raids

3007: 1779:) like Hoti retained their territorial cohesion throughout this period of continuous warfare, they came to absorb adjacent territory of non-pastoral communities. Venetian documents about the 2610:

Many people from Hoti have emigrated to the US since the 1960s. In the 2010 US census, surnames which are almost exclusively related to Hoti that appear more than 100 times rank as follows:

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The interwar period was marked by more refugees crossing the border and settling in Albania. They were given arable land and settled in villages that bore the name of their homeland. Thus,

3001:"HAPËSIRA PERIURBANE E SHKODRËS: PËRDORIMI I TERRITORIT DHE VEÇORITË E ZHVILLIMIT SOCIAL-EKONOMIK [The Suburbia of Shkodra: Land Use and Details of Social and Economic Growth]" 2975: 2227:, its foremost military leader. At that time, in the last decades of the 19th century in reports of the era Hoti's population stands at about 4,000 to 4,500 with 400-500 households. 1491:

recorded one of the first such oral traditions from a Catholic priest named Gabriel in Shkodra in 1850. According to this account, the first direct male ancestor of the Hoti was

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in honour of Saint John the Baptist on August 29 and funded the feast that followed the religious rites. In 1738, Hoti was also given as a hereditary office, the title of the

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Between 1353 and 1363, Hoti moved from their area of origin in Plav. A group from Hoti seems to have moved in another location in Plav and some in the location of Limaj, near

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As Hoti was only nominally under Balša III in a border region between him and Venice, this influenced the balance of power and was also one of the events that preluded the

3620:"From serenissima's centralization to the selfregulating kanun: The strengthening of blood ties and the rise of great tribes in northern Albania from 15th to 17th century" 3460:"FROM SERENISSIMA'S CENTRALIZATION TO THE SELFREGULATING KANUN: THE STRENGTHENING OF BLOOD TIES AND THE RISE OF GREAT TRIBES IN NORTHERN ALBANIA FROM 15TH TO 17TH CENTURY" 2243:

in December 1879, where Montenegro was defeated, the area was excluded. The next area that was being discussed already in September 1879 was that of the upper Cem valley (

4100:"Vajtimet e grave dhe gjamët e burrave në Malësinë e Madhe - Hot, Grudë, Triepsh dhe Kojë ( 7) [Lamentation of men and women in Malësia - Hoti, Gruda, Triepshi, Koja" 3096:

Sociolinguistikë e shqipes: Nga dialektologjia te etnografia e të folurit [Socio-linguistics of Albanian: from dialectology to the ethnography of spoken language]

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By the treaty of London, Hoti was included in the borders of Albania and by the treaty of Bucharest of a few months later, it was divided between Albania and Montenegro.

1713:(Serbs and Albanians) in 1925 moved research even further from oral accounts and their interpretations towards a comparative approach with historical data. The toponym 2307:

provided new hopes for minorities about the upholding of their national rights. Like many other tribes, Hoti made a besa (pledge) to support the constitution and halt

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As the conversion was political in nature, the Muslim bajraktars of Hoti kept the traditional religious obligations of the heads of Hoti and took part in the Catholic

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of Gruda and Dod Preçi of Kastrati did not surrender and hid in the mountains as fugitives. In a smaller scale, skirmishes and clashes continued well into the 1890s.

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region. The Hoti of Sandžak came to that region either from Plav-Gusinje or from Kolašin. After 1730, they formed the first compact communities of Hoti brotherhoods (

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In the cadastre of 1416-1417 the village of Pesiugla is headed by Nikolla Hoti while Andrea Hoti, his sons Andreas and Radash, Mazrrek Hoti & his brothers became

1830:. In 1414, Hoti already appears to have settled in mountainous pastoral communities in north-eastern Lake Skadar and in 1415 is found in union with the tribes of 1682:

in 1463. In her hypothesis, 1463 as the year of the beginning of migration could explain 1528 as a year of final settlement A few years after Durham's account,

2320:, who was willing to allow them to enter Montenegro and provide some cover support against the Ottomans in order to exploit the situation for his own ends. 2090:. Despite the increase in jizya tax and wars that ravaged the borderlands, Hoti remained Catholic and was organized by the end of the 17th century into two 2079: 1897:

The enmity between Hoti and Balša III existed since at least 1414 when documents show him as requesting from Venice the extradition of two Hoti leaders who

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in Podgora, which provided the pastoral mountaineers with access to grain and wine. These lands were removed from former Venetian allies who are branded as

1336: 3713: 1240:'s defiance against the treaty of Berlin that gave them to Montenegro put the two communities in the spotlight of international politics. In 1911, in the 2147:

of Hoti in the sanjak of Scutari. This meant that the Ottoman army representative in the area of Hoti would be from the tribe itself. In the era of the

1986: 1328: 1771:

settlements that later were part of the Hoti tribe appear in Venetian records as distinct from them, a fact reflected in the oral tradition about the

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The campaign of the Montenegrin army in Hoti and its annexation in 1913 caused waves of refugees. In 1932, some families from Traboin settled near

1343:, Sukruq. The two traditional centres of Hoti are Rrapshë and Traboin. Therefore, the core of the Hoti area today encompasses parts of the former 4206: 2882:

British Documents on Foreign Affairs--reports and Papers from the Foreign Office Confidential Print: Bulgaria, 1907-1914; Montenegro, 1895-1913

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to an eventual agreement which included general amnesty, the recognition of the right to Albanian education and the right to bear arms. In the

2717: 2347:, who came to the forefront as the general leader of the revolt. That day a memorandum, which was sent to the embassies of the Great Power in 2280:

on July 12, but lost control over it eleven days later. The Ottoman army finally took over Ulcinj and handed it to Montenegro on November 22.

1859: 1248:, leader of Hoti raised the Albanian flag for the first time since the Ottoman takeover of the country in the 15th century. At first, in the 2850: 3224: 2276:

as the plan for Hoti and Gruda failed. To help the defenders of Ulcinj, Hoti and Gruda decided to attack Montenegrin positions and captured

1644:(tribe) of the same patrilineal ancestry, it did not intermarry within the tribe. The two tribes with whom Hoti regularly intermarried were 1316: 1679: 1332: 2405:

cultural protectorate over the Ottoman Empire's Catholics. The beginning of the Balkan Wars left much of the agreement unimplemented.

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in December 1415. The latest phase of enmity between Hoti and Balša began after he passed judgment against Hoti in a dispute with the

4621: 2339:. Until 30 March, ten outposts in Hoti, Gruda and Kelmendi fell and on that day the rebels, who numbered a total force of 2,200, got 1767:) appear as a distinct community separate from the Hoti, later being absorbed into the tribal territory and community of the latter. 1606:

to only children or to children from families with very few children (due to infant mortality). In those families, an "ugly" name (

1362:(Korita of Hoti). Occasionally, people from Hoti settled in neighbouring tribal regions and formed there new brotherhoods like the 1340: 2010:, where that tribe, Hoti, Kelmendi and others decided to ask papal aid against the Ottomans as was reported by the patrician of 4616: 3573:

Religion und Kultur im albanischsprachigen Südosteuropa [Religion and culture in Albanian-speaking southeastern Europe]

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The disintegration of the Ottoman Empire in the long 19th century saw the rise of the Balkan states. The establishment of the

4223: 3934: 3580: 3519: 3409: 3104: 3077: 2890: 2461: 2448: 1747:(community) of Kuçi (which included Trieshi), the settlement of Bankeq is found and in the nahiya of Hoti, the settlement of 1177: 4567: 4324: 1480:

In 1330, the mountains in the Plav and Gusinje regions are recorded as the first time Hoti is mentioned in historiography.

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As new fighting broke out, on 23 June 1911, the leaders of the uprising and other Albanian revolutionaries gathered near

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The parish and church of Traboin first date to 1648, but the church was later ruined and rebuilt. In 1696, Hoti gained

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adversaries, Venice and later the Austrian Empire. As Catholics, despite tax exemptions Hoti was also still subject to

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and then after WWI, more than half of Hoti was given to Montenegro. Today, it is divided between the municipalities of

1232:. Its geography is mostly mountainous, but some of its villages are on flat terrain near the banks of Lake of Shkodër. 3033: 2675:

The brotherhoods from Hoti that don't live in the Hoti region or have settlements in other areas are part of the Hoti

1730:

who studied the Albanian tribal structure moved to the same general conclusion. The archival records also explain the

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Durham related this southwards migration tale found in oral traditions of many Albanian and Montenegrin tribes to the

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two years later. From these events until 1479 when the Ottoman era began in that region, Hoti was allied to Venice.

4048: 2263:(pledge) to resist any reduction of their lands and sent telegrams to surrounding regions for military assistance. 2094:, one in Rrapsha and the other in Traboin, a division that reflected the territorial division of Hoti settlements. 1170: 2359:

and others. The memorandum put forward the demand for the autonomy and self-government for the Albanian vilayets.

4159:"Në Hotin e Vendit mbi Plavë, ende ka ditë me diell [In Hoti i Vendit above Plava, the sun still shines]" 2421:

In the Balkan Wars, northern Albanian territories came under a combined Serbo-Montenegrin attack. The five-month

926: 4192: 3762: 3246: 2422: 2219:

was created to defend Albanian territory from annexation. Hoti was represented in the league by its bajraktar,

2002:

discuss cooperation against the Ottomans under the banner of one of the Catholic powers. One such meeting, the

1964:) per household as in the pre-Ottoman era. The self-governing rights of northern Albanian tribes like Hoti and 1787:

area provide some more information about the early stages of this process. In the early 20th century, about 12

1152: 4631: 4143: 1102: 2304: 1660:(Marash Uci) who recounted the story, did not know the date of the settlement of Hoti, but described it as 4166: 3999: 3217: 1088: 907: 974: 4626: 2436: 2199: 2047: 1503:

who fleeing from Ottoman conquest settled in the Slavic-speaking area that would become the historical

984: 969: 964: 822: 2105:, northern Albania and Montenegro. Until then the captain of Hoti was recognized by the Ottomans as a 1894:. Hoti in return would provide Venetian campaigns with 300 troops, 80 of whom would be light cavalry. 1871:

Andrea Hoti and the whole of the Hoti tribe are registered as becoming ducal citizens of the Venetian

3133: 4099: 1287:

The Hoti region lays along the Albania–Montenegro border (Han i Hotit) in the north-eastern part of

1058: 4407: 4336: 4000:"Hoti massacre commemorated; Albanian-American prosecutor Gjon Junçaj: End of 100 years of Silence" 3459: 3277: 2812: 2317: 1501:

Keq (around 1520) (according to a Hoti family tree document, the father of Keq, or Keqa, was Preka)

959: 3401:

The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest

1628:, who arrived thirteen generations prior, fleeing from Ottoman conquest from an unknown region of 1197: 2878: 2431: 2336: 2313: 2260: 2212: 1236:

the borderlands between the Ottoman and Austrian empires and later Montenegro. In 1879, Hoti and

912: 848: 4239: 2046:

Other assemblies like this one were held from the 1620s to the 1650s, in the culmination of the

2830: 2240: 2162:

The 18th century also saw the formation of communities that traced their origin to Hoti in the

1344: 3950: 3836: 3545:

Kosova gjatë shekujve XV, XVI dhe XVII: administrimi, ekonomia, shoqëria dhe lëvizja popullore

3399: 3094: 3067: 1690:(mountains of Hoti) appeared much earlier in 1474 in the area than the date of the arrival of 3887: 3568: 3509: 2818: 2396: 2300: 1488: 3924: 2003: 1794:

A Hoti family tree shows the line of males from Keq's father to around the years 1995-2000.

1683: 4474: 4332: 4231: 2858: 2854: 2840: 2384: 2331:

at the head of 15-20 men of Hoti and 200-300 from Kelmendi captured the Ottoman outpost in

2293: 2204: 1405:

in the 18th century. Since that time, many people originating from the Hoti tribe, live in

1083: 1077: 1064: 1036: 256: 4463: 3338:"Të dhëna për Hotin në Mesjetë, me disa informacione edhe për periudhën e pushtimit osman" 2679:. They are divided into brotherhoods according to their progenitors in their settlements. 2524: 1323:, Firkuqe, Goca, Grykë, Kolçekaj, Deçkaj, Lecaj, Lulashpepaj, Peperan, Stare, Shegzë and 8: 4402: 4351: 3685: 3651:"The Balkans in the anti-Ottoman projects of the European Powers during the 17th Century" 3597: 3151: 2426: 2148: 1763:, direct ancestor of the tribe. However, Pulaha notes that in 1455 the Keçi (recorded as 1449:. Later, some brotherhoods are also found in Bosnia and Herzegovina like the Plavčići of 4606: 4459: 3650: 2972:"HISTORIJAT RODOVA NA PODRUČJU BJELIMIĆA [History of the lineages of Bjelimići]" 2802: 1640:, with whom Hoti could intermarry as they were not related patrilineally. As Hoti was a 1566:), founded Rrapshë. In the different recorded accounts, the patronymic surname given to 1476: 4513: 4498: 2208: 2075: 1931:

The Ottoman era was followed by the territorial re-organization of the region into the

1912: 1320: 867: 738: 416: 157: 3714:"DINASTIA E FAMILJES SË LUCGJONAJVE, VOJVODËVE DHE BAJRAKTARËVE TË HOTIT DHE MALËSISË" 2737: 2367: 2123:

was the decisive role of the 300 fighters from the tribe in the successful defense of

1241: 4553: 4361: 4260: 4078: 3930: 3893: 3842: 3758: 3619: 3576: 3515: 3405: 3100: 3073: 2886: 2694: 2569:

The funerary customs of Hoti as those of Malësia in general include the lamentation (

2555: 2537:). Francesco Bolizza recorded in 1616 when he was writing a report about the region. 2268: 2216: 2019: 1932: 1875:

in the cadastre of 1416. Under the act of their fealty to Venice, land properties in

1843: 1740: 1348: 1257: 1249: 1213: 954: 576: 4264: 2919: 2754: 2538: 2444:, Hoti came under Austro-Hungarian military and civilian administration until 1918. 2425:

was the focal point of the campaign. The city was surrendered after an agreement by

1550:

became the direct ancestor of the Piperi tribe. After living in Triepshi territory,

1253: 4421: 4373: 4288: 3631: 3511:

Light and Shadow: Isolation and Interaction in the Shala Valley of Northern Albania

3474: 3069:

The Discovery of Albania: Travel Writing and Anthropology in the Nineteenth Century

3048: 2323:

And so, by the end of 1910, about 2,500 people had found refuge in the area around

2232: 2059: 1965: 1907: 1645: 1516: 1386: 1355: 1300: 1296: 1019: 862: 753: 620: 595: 361: 191: 103: 98: 2958:Трећа племенска група јесу Хоти који компактно насељавају Црниш, Паљево и Дубово. 1706: 387: 23:, an indigenous tribe in the Venezuel Amazon Georgia vasilica, also known as Hoti. 4533: 4517: 4314: 4024: 3809: 3668: 3543: 3425: 3302: 2949: 2880: 2796: 2136:, bajraktar of Hoti in the 19th century, was a direct descendant of Mehmet Luca. 2015: 1422: 1106: 1073: 1010: 839: 797: 767: 342: 313: 196: 84: 34: 4381: 2879:

Kenneth Bourne; David Stevenson; Donald Cameron Watt; John F. V. Keiger (1989).

2836: 2371: 2248: 1872: 1671:

was brother to Piper, Vaso, and Krasni, the ancestors of Piperi, Vasojevići and

1590:(Piperi), Ozro (Ozrinići), Krasno (Krasniqi) and Otto (Hoti), who all fled from 1418: 1288: 639: 402: 132: 108: 4427: 4365: 4293: 2760: 2711: 2477: 2440:

process, massacres of hundreds of people took place. In January 1916, with the

2140: 2063: 1976:, a position which required only nominal recognition of central authority. The 1504: 1426: 1367: 659: 634: 615: 537: 356: 295: 177: 137: 3052: 2456: 2174:

in the villages Bujkovići, Špiljani, Crniš, Paljevo, Kovači, Radohovci and in

2030:) and Rrapsha, 80 households and 212 men-in-arms commanded by Prenk Kastrati ( 1307:

to the north. Those who live in or trace their origin back to Hoti are called

4600: 4582: 4569: 4417: 2808: 2778: 2543: 2171: 2111:, which became nominally the second-in-rank title of Hoti. The status of the 2071: 1723: 1663: 1653: 1538:) had to abandon the village after committing murder against the locals, but 1410: 1304: 1237: 1093: 527: 502: 482: 323: 281: 236: 172: 74: 4543: 4385: 4268: 3926:

The Crescent and the Eagle: Ottoman rule, Islam and the Albanians, 1874–1913

3183: 2055: 1535: 1521: 649: 4482: 4309: 4255: 4245: 2824: 2790: 2784: 2772: 2742: 2736:

Dedvukaj (1840-1915), military leader and commander of the Malësori in the

2733: 2465: 2452: 2356: 2344: 2328: 2289: 2224: 2083: 1923: 1617: 1324: 1245: 762: 552: 453: 407: 382: 372: 246: 231: 167: 4356: 2370:

is the most reported battefield activity of the revolt. Seven rebels from

2082:

as apostolic visitor of the Catholic Church passed through the village of

1890: 1438: 1429:

were founded by Hoti brotherhoods in the late 17th/early 18th century. In

522: 4397: 4391: 4304: 3371:

Regjistri i kadastrēs dhe i koncesioneve pēr rrethin e Shkodrës 1416-1417

2748: 2413: 2381:

Tash o vllazën do t’ju takojë të shihni atë që për 450 vjet se ka pa kush

2144: 1797: 1718: 1591: 1371: 1311:. In Albania, the settlements of the region and the historical tribe are 1052: 743: 733: 679: 4431: 4340: 4299: 4184: 4130:

Një maratonë kujtimesh : koha larg e afër : tregime dhe vargje

3635: 3478: 2727: 2277: 2220: 2133: 2844: 2376: 2352: 2308: 1990: 1229: 1112: 853: 748: 580: 147: 4502: 4447: 4369: 4283: 4277: 2595:, Gjokë-Camaj, Dushaj, Dakaj. The descendants of Pjetër Gega also use 2163: 2102: 2050:. Such an assembly is reported also in 1658, when the seven tribes of 1814: 1603: 1554:

moved on southwards to where the Hoti region stands. One of his sons,

1457: 1406: 1379: 1312: 1221: 1046: 462: 276: 59: 2766: 2324: 2151:, he became the head of these captains of all Malësia and was called 1461: 1375: 1005: 772: 683: 669: 566: 547: 142: 3974: 3369: 3337: 3248:

Studime për gjuhën shqipe [Studies on the Albanian language]

2026:) had 212 households and 600 men-in-arms, commanded by Marash Papa ( 1846:

provide particular details on organization and settlement dynamics.

1143: 1031: 834: 704: 625: 397: 4538: 4523: 4490: 4486: 4250: 3889:

The Falcon and the Eagle: Montenegro and Austria-Hungary, 1908-1914

3686:"1671 Stefano Gaspari: Travels in the Dioceses of Northern Albania" 2128: 2067: 1903: 1672: 1611: 1525: 1335:, Shkallë, Prëkaj, Skorraq, Spi, Vuksanlekaj, Vatnikaj, Nikgjonaj, 1136: 1130: 723: 699: 600: 590: 467: 266: 127: 118: 113: 79: 3755:

Early Albania - A Reader of Historical Texts 11th - 17th Centuries

2811:(born 4 February 1976) is a Kosovan politician, who served as the 2571: 2392: 2132:

became the only partly Muslim brotherhood of Hoti, the Lucgjonaj.

1327:. In Montenegro, they are Drume, Traboin (including Old Traboin), 989: 827: 709: 337: 4528: 4451: 4443: 4346: 2363: 2348: 2256: 2236: 2175: 2107: 1940: 1880: 1876: 1850: 1784: 1783:(grant) that the Hoti tribe was given over a few villages in the 1780: 1446: 1442: 1414: 1402: 1225: 1124: 1001: 921: 694: 561: 497: 472: 443: 438: 347: 318: 211: 206: 201: 182: 89: 4435: 4377: 3508:

Galaty, Michael; Lafe, Ols; Lee, Wayne; Tafilica, Zamir (2013).

2051: 2007: 1610:) was given as a spoken talisman to protect the child from the " 1507:

tribal region in what is now Montenegro. His sons, the brothers

605: 392: 20: 4548: 4508: 4455: 3673:. Centar za mitološki studije Srbije. 2004. pp. 24, 41–45. 2401: 2332: 2273: 2244: 2124: 2091: 1949: 1854: 1839: 1827: 1744: 1450: 1430: 1295:(Lake of Hoti). In terms of historical territory, Hoti borders 1118: 1026: 996: 979: 902: 874: 719: 644: 610: 512: 448: 290: 3514:. The Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press. pp. 12, 49. 2190: 1283:(Rrapsha) in 1688 by Venetian cartographer, Vincenzo Coronelli 4494: 3757:. Wiesbaden, Germany: Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 152–155. 2624: 2592: 2011: 1998: 1434: 1040: 1014: 843: 486: 427: 328: 271: 241: 3342:

Proceedings of the Symposium "Hoti Throughout the Centuries"

2575:) of the deceased in a collective manner by a group of men ( 2566:), the patron saint of Hoti, and observed mass on that day. 2272:

signed and the main target of Montenegrin annexation became

4439: 4073:

Fishta, Gjergj; Elsie, Robert; Mathie-Heck, Janice (2005).

2340: 2252: 1961: 1831: 1823: 1717:(mountains of Hoti) in the Plav and Gusinje regions on the 221: 3188:. Izdanje seminara za arbanasku filologiju. pp. 60–61 1985:

status over the passage from Shkodra to the fortresses of

3810:"The role of Hoti in the uprising of the Great Highlands" 3374:. Academy of Sciences of Albania. pp. 60–64, 200–203 1927:

Hoti was crucial in the defense of Ülgün against Venice.

1358:

was once part of this tribe, hence its alternative name

2014:, Francesco Bolizza. A few months earlier, his brother 1759:, who was the founder of the Trieshi tribe and that of 1648:

and the Bekaj brotherhoods of Triesh that did not have

4072: 2343:. Hoti men were about 400 of the total and were under 3975:"100 VJETORI I MASAKRËS SË HOTIT, VENDOSET MEMORIALI" 3317: 2853:(born 24 February 1985) was an Albanian professional 2496: 1775:. As in this area, pastoral mountainous communities ( 1755:

at its head. These toponyms reflect the tradition of

1697:

Some tribal origins, laws, and customs of the Balkans

1686:'s research in Venetian state archives revealed that 4144:"Frequently Occurring Surnames from the Census 2010" 3153:

Some tribal origins, laws and customs of the Balkans

3034:"Morphologie traditionnelle de la société albanaise" 2451:

of 1919, the Albanian delegation at first headed by

1656:

tribe predated the Hoti as a settled community. The

3569:"Islam in the Albanian lands (XVth-XVIIth Century)" 3185:

Srbi i Arbanasi: njihova simbioza u srednjem vijeku

2885:. University Publications of America. p. 411. 42: 4029:. Great Britain. Foreign Office. 1971. p. 253 3892:. Purdue University Press. pp. 70–80, 160–2. 2872: 2839:(born 26 February 1997) is a Kosovan professional 1879:and Bodishë were given to them in addition to the 1709:, who assisted Jireček's research, in his seminal 4049:"Shënohet 15 Dhjetori – Dita e çlirimit të Tuzit" 3598:"Report and Description of the Sanjak of Shkodra" 2442:surrender of Montenegro to Austria-Hungary in WWI 4598: 3918: 3916: 3838:The Ottoman empire and its successors, 1801-1927 2022:and compiled a report according to which, Hoti ( 1401:founded Dosuđe (Dosugja) to the west of Plav in 1205:as of 1918. Hoti and Gruda on the far left side. 4026:Documents on British Foreign Policy, 1919-1939 2730:Lucgjonaj (1818-1896), flag-bearer (bajraktar) 1889:in past times when they were subjects to Lord 1667:, which Durham matched to the year 1528. This 1636:arrived in what is now Hoti were described as 4200: 3913: 3575:. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. p. 47. 3404:, University of Michigan Press, p. 515, 3282:. Academy of Sciences of Albania. p. 124 3066:von Hahn, Johan Georg; Elsie, Robert (2015). 2793:(1925–1992), folklorist, linguist, and writer 2115:meant that a tribal leader was designated as 1178: 3955:. US- Department of State. 1919. p. 111 3778: 3776: 3774: 3736: 3734: 3707: 3705: 3703: 3218:"Kisha e Hotit [The Church of Hoti]" 2379:'s defense against the Ottomans. The phrase 4163:Illyria Press - Albanian-American newspaper 3881: 3879: 3877: 3254:. Academy of Sciences of Kosovo. p. 61 3145: 3143: 2178:in the villages Aliverovići and Raždagina. 1632:. The people who were already settled when 4207: 4193: 4123: 4121: 3862: 3225:Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Shkodër-Pult 3177: 3175: 3173: 3171: 3086: 2974:. Fondacija "Lijepa riječ". Archived from 2303:in 1908 and subsequent restoration of the 1185: 1171: 4214: 3803: 3801: 3799: 3797: 3795: 3793: 3791: 3771: 3731: 3700: 3503: 3501: 3499: 3497: 3495: 3329: 3271: 3269: 3211: 3209: 3207: 3205: 3203: 2155:(the boluk-bashi of the five mountains). 1968:increased when their status changed from 3874: 3140: 3127: 3125: 3123: 2523: 2412: 2189: 1922: 1813: 1796: 1475: 1267: 1196: 4118: 3929:. London: IB Tauris. pp. 186–187. 3922: 3868: 3782: 3740: 3677: 3453: 3451: 3417: 3393: 3391: 3389: 3363: 3361: 3359: 3168: 2699:Mehaj, Hysenaj, Haxhaj, Sinanaj, Mujaj 1853:in the village of Podgora, near modern 1652:as an ancestor. In the same story, the 4599: 4150: 3828: 3788: 3560: 3492: 3323: 3300: 3266: 3200: 3131: 3006:. University of Tirana. Archived from 2528:Traditional female dress of Hoti, 1908 2362:The battles raged on in the line from 1389:, there is a settlement of the tribe, 4514:Budva riviera (Pobori, Brajići, Maine 4188: 4091: 3992: 3967: 3752: 3535: 3238: 3120: 3025: 2462:Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes 1558:founded Traboin, and his other sons ( 1339:, Bozhaj, Bardhaj, Nârhelm, Dreshaj, 1224:, a divided area located in northern 3943: 3648: 3617: 3566: 3448: 3397: 3386: 3356: 3031: 2994: 2992: 2963: 2913: 2911: 2909: 2815:from 3 June 2020 until 22 March 2021 2514:montanee octorum, montanea ottanorum 1868:(captain of the mountains of Hoti). 1662:after the building of the church of 3595: 3279:Defter i Sanxhakut të Shkodrës 1485 3059: 2950:"Habitats et Origine des Habitants" 1499:, son of a Catholic Albanian named 1370:. Families from Hoti also lived in 13: 4017: 3661: 3589: 2724:(captain of the mountains of Hoti) 2497:The Highland Lute by Gjergj Fishta 2251:regions), all of Gruda (including 1594:. The name of the first ancestor, 14: 4643: 4077:. I.B. Tauris. pp. 427–428. 3571:. In Schmitt, Oliver Jens (ed.). 2989: 2906: 2705: 2368:battle that took place in April 6 1791:families remained patrilineally. 1433:, Hoti are found particularly in 16:Albanian tribe; region of Malësia 4622:Historical regions in Montenegro 4337:Župa, Trebješani, Golija, Rudine 3952:The Paris Peace Conference, 1919 3092: 2491: 2255:), a part of Hoti and a part of 1918: 1862:iam dominus in partibus Albaniae 1485:historically-grounded accounts. 41: 4136: 4066: 4041: 3746: 3642: 3611: 3398:Fine, John Van Antwerp (1994), 3294: 2582: 2194:Malësia in the uprising of 1911 2185: 2074:declared their support for the 1937:nahiya of the mountains of Hoti 927:Reconciliation Movement in 1990 3711: 3335: 2942: 2006:, was held on 15 July 1614 in 1989:and Depeduken in the northern 1620:in her own travels in 1908 in 1397:. The Gjokaj brotherhood from 798:Kanun (Albanian customary law) 1: 4617:Historical regions in Albania 3885: 3149: 3072:. I. B. Tauris. p. 125. 2865: 2519: 2351:was drafted by Ded Gjo Luli, 1354:Korita which now falls under 4127: 3683: 3618:Kola, Azeta (January 2017). 3423: 3181: 2480:describe a situation where, 1701:Anas must have been numerous 1263: 7: 4156: 3834: 3807: 3507: 3275: 3215: 3093:Shkurtaj, Gjovalin (2009). 2722:capitaneus montanee Ottorum 2395:in Kelmend and drafted the 1866:capitaneus montanee Ottorum 1818:Lake of Hoti in lake Skadar 1809: 1743:of 1485, found that in the 908:Albanian National Awakening 10: 4648: 4132:. Rozafat. pp. 156–7. 4097: 3998: 3973: 3841:. Routledge. p. 406. 3541: 3244: 2969: 2954:Srpski etnografski zbornik 2833:, Ottoman Albanian general 2709: 2211:that was finalized in the 2200:Principality of Montenegro 1804: 1680:Ottoman conquest of Bosnia 1471: 18: 4473: 4323: 4222: 3949: 3808:Verli, Marenglen (2014). 3457: 3367: 3065: 3053:10.1017/S0964028299000038 2408: 2086:and reported that it had 2038:leaders swore an oath of 1935:. Hoti was made into the 1624:recorded a story about a 1602:in Albanian, is given in 1417:. In Tutin, the villages 4612:Albanian Roman Catholics 3923:Gawrych, George (2006). 3835:Miller, William (1966). 3136:. London: Edward Arnold. 2918:Ahmetaj, Mehmet (2007). 2813:prime minister of Kosovo 2751:(1943–1999), philosopher 2318:Nicholas I of Montenegro 1460:in what is now known as 1347:and the municipality of 19:Not to be confused with 4128:Smajlaj, Llesh (2012). 4023: 3886:Treadway, John (1983). 3816:(1–2): 54–55, 63–64, 71 3548:. Rilindja. p. 490 3542:Rizaj, Skënder (1982). 3424:Pulaha, Selami (1975). 3368:Zamputi, Injac (1977). 3301:Pulaha, Selami (1975). 3276:Pulaha, Selami (1974). 3182:Šufflay, Milan (1925). 3099:. Morava. p. 390. 2998: 2917: 2787:(born 1997), footballer 2781:(born 1979), footballer 2505:The glossary entry for 2153:bylykbash i pesë maleve 2097:In 1696, Hoti became a 2088:130 homes and 700 souls 1960:and paid one ducat (50 1836:Осti, Tusi et Bitidossi 1585:These names except for 913:Albanian revolt of 1911 4157:Lushaj, Ramiz (2013). 3753:Elsie, Robert (2003). 3649:Mala, Muhamet (2017). 3336:Malaj, Edmond (2015). 3150:Durham, Edith (1928). 3132:Durham, Edith (1909). 2745:, independence fighter 2559: 2529: 2449:Paris Peace Conference 2418: 2195: 1928: 1819: 1801: 1481: 1303:to the north-east and 1284: 1244:against the Ottomans, 1206: 4216:Regions in Montenegro 3567:Ergo, Dritan (2010). 3245:Ajeti, Idriz (2017). 3032:Doja, Albert (1999). 2924:Studime Albanologjike 2527: 2416: 2301:Young Turk Revolution 2193: 2101:like other tribes in 2043:Albanian territories 2018:traveled through the 1926: 1817: 1800: 1732:coming from the north 1489:Johann Georg von Hahn 1479: 1271: 1200: 1153:Traditional tattooing 3458:Kola, Azeta (2017). 2956:. 75–77: 349. 1960. 2385:Shevket Turgut Pasha 2366:to Deçiq, where the 2305:Ottoman constitution 2205:Great Eastern Crisis 1542:and his younger son 1345:Kastrat municipality 1220:) and sub-region of 257:Highlands of Gjakova 4579: / 4458:, Komani, Zagarač, 4267:(Upper and Lower), 4146:. US Census Bureau. 4098:Gjuravçaj, Pjetër. 3684:Gaspari, Shtjefen. 3636:10.19233/AH.2017.18 3479:10.19233/AH.2017.18 3041:Social Anthropology 2763:(born 1986), author 2437:treaty of Bucharest 2427:Essad Pasha Toptani 2337:Highlanders' Revolt 2149:Pashalik of Shkodra 1699:and notes that the 1546:remained there and 1385:Further east, near 868:Bukë, Kripë e Zemër 29:Part of a series on 4632:History of Sandžak 3596:Bolizza, Mariano. 3013:on 22 January 2021 2920:"TOPONYMY OF HOTI" 2693:Hoti i Vendit (in 2530: 2419: 2209:Congress of Berlin 2196: 2076:Republic of Venice 2004:Convention of Kuçi 1929: 1913:Second Scutari War 1820: 1802: 1688:montanea Ottanorum 1684:Konstantin Jireček 1482: 1285: 1207: 158:Dukagjin highlands 52:Tribes and regions 4627:Tribes of Albania 4583:42.333°N 19.383°E 4562: 4561: 4554:Skadarska Krajina 4394:(Upper and Lower) 4296:(Upper and Lower) 4280:(Upper and Lower) 4106:. Buzuku Magazine 4075:The Highland Lute 3936:978-1-84511-287-5 3814:Studime Historike 3712:Lucgjonaj, Mark. 3670:Mitološki zbornik 3655:Studime Historike 3582:978-3-631-60295-9 3521:978-1-931745-71-0 3473:(25–2): 361–362. 3430:Studime Historike 3411:978-0-472-08260-5 3307:Studime Historike 3106:978-99956-26-28-0 3079:978-1-78453-292-5 2892:978-0-89093-610-8 2703: 2702: 2695:Plav municipality 2673: 2672: 2335:and so began the 2269:League of Prizren 2241:Battle of Novšiće 2217:League of Prizren 2020:Sanjak of Scutari 1933:sanjak of Scutari 1844:Sanjak of Scutari 1741:Sanjak of Scutari 1250:Second Balkan War 1195: 1194: 1160: 1159: 1059:Kângë Kreshnikësh 935: 934: 883: 882: 803: 802: 781: 780: 4639: 4594: 4593: 4591: 4590: 4589: 4584: 4580: 4577: 4576: 4575: 4572: 4411: 4289:Plav and Gusinje 4209: 4202: 4195: 4186: 4185: 4179: 4178: 4176: 4174: 4169:on 25 March 2020 4165:. Archived from 4154: 4148: 4147: 4140: 4134: 4133: 4125: 4116: 4115: 4113: 4111: 4095: 4089: 4088: 4070: 4064: 4063: 4061: 4059: 4045: 4039: 4038: 4036: 4034: 4021: 4015: 4014: 4012: 4010: 3996: 3990: 3989: 3987: 3985: 3971: 3965: 3964: 3962: 3960: 3947: 3941: 3940: 3920: 3911: 3910: 3908: 3906: 3883: 3872: 3866: 3860: 3859: 3857: 3855: 3832: 3826: 3825: 3823: 3821: 3805: 3786: 3780: 3769: 3768: 3750: 3744: 3738: 3729: 3728: 3726: 3724: 3709: 3698: 3697: 3695: 3693: 3681: 3675: 3674: 3665: 3659: 3658: 3646: 3640: 3639: 3615: 3609: 3608: 3606: 3604: 3593: 3587: 3586: 3564: 3558: 3557: 3555: 3553: 3539: 3533: 3532: 3530: 3528: 3505: 3490: 3489: 3487: 3485: 3464: 3455: 3446: 3445: 3443: 3441: 3421: 3415: 3414: 3395: 3384: 3383: 3381: 3379: 3365: 3354: 3353: 3351: 3349: 3333: 3327: 3321: 3315: 3314: 3298: 3292: 3291: 3289: 3287: 3273: 3264: 3263: 3261: 3259: 3253: 3242: 3236: 3235: 3233: 3231: 3222: 3213: 3198: 3197: 3195: 3193: 3179: 3166: 3165: 3163: 3161: 3156:. pp. 20–21 3147: 3138: 3137: 3129: 3118: 3117: 3115: 3113: 3090: 3084: 3083: 3063: 3057: 3056: 3038: 3029: 3023: 3022: 3020: 3018: 3012: 3005: 2999:Rustja, Dritan. 2996: 2987: 2986: 2984: 2983: 2967: 2961: 2960: 2946: 2940: 2939: 2937: 2935: 2915: 2904: 2903: 2901: 2899: 2876: 2819:Ibrahim Drešević 2803:Afërdita Dreshaj 2682: 2681: 2613: 2612: 2432:treaty of London 2423:Siege of Scutari 2397:Greçë Memorandum 2314:a revolt in 1910 2213:Treaty of Berlin 2080:Shtjefën Gaspari 1899:harmed his lands 1409:, mainly in the 1275:(Lake of Hoti), 1212:is a historical 1187: 1180: 1173: 948: 947: 896: 895: 816: 815: 794: 793: 56: 55: 45: 44: 26: 25: 4647: 4646: 4642: 4641: 4640: 4638: 4637: 4636: 4597: 4596: 4587: 4585: 4581: 4578: 4573: 4570: 4568: 4566: 4565: 4563: 4558: 4469: 4405: 4319: 4315:Old Herzegovina 4284:Southern Sanjak 4240:Jezera, Šaranci 4224:Northern region 4218: 4213: 4183: 4182: 4172: 4170: 4155: 4151: 4142: 4141: 4137: 4126: 4119: 4109: 4107: 4096: 4092: 4085: 4071: 4067: 4057: 4055: 4047: 4046: 4042: 4032: 4030: 4022: 4018: 4008: 4006: 3997: 3993: 3983: 3981: 3972: 3968: 3958: 3956: 3948: 3944: 3937: 3921: 3914: 3904: 3902: 3900: 3884: 3875: 3867: 3863: 3853: 3851: 3849: 3833: 3829: 3819: 3817: 3806: 3789: 3781: 3772: 3765: 3751: 3747: 3739: 3732: 3722: 3720: 3710: 3701: 3691: 3689: 3682: 3678: 3667: 3666: 3662: 3647: 3643: 3630:(2): 349–374 . 3616: 3612: 3602: 3600: 3594: 3590: 3583: 3565: 3561: 3551: 3549: 3540: 3536: 3526: 3524: 3522: 3506: 3493: 3483: 3481: 3462: 3456: 3449: 3439: 3437: 3422: 3418: 3412: 3396: 3387: 3377: 3375: 3366: 3357: 3347: 3345: 3334: 3330: 3322: 3318: 3299: 3295: 3285: 3283: 3274: 3267: 3257: 3255: 3251: 3243: 3239: 3229: 3227: 3220: 3216:Ukgjini, Nikë. 3214: 3201: 3191: 3189: 3180: 3169: 3159: 3157: 3148: 3141: 3130: 3121: 3111: 3109: 3107: 3091: 3087: 3080: 3064: 3060: 3036: 3030: 3026: 3016: 3014: 3010: 3003: 2997: 2990: 2981: 2979: 2968: 2964: 2948: 2947: 2943: 2933: 2931: 2916: 2907: 2897: 2895: 2893: 2877: 2873: 2868: 2843:who plays as a 2797:Jurgen Vatnikaj 2738:Battle of Deçiq 2714: 2708: 2585: 2535:kisha e Brigjes 2522: 2509:is written as: 2499: 2494: 2411: 2188: 2016:Mariano Bolizza 1921: 1834:and Bitidossi ( 1812: 1807: 1711:Srbi i Arbanasi 1474: 1266: 1242:battle of Deçiq 1191: 1162: 1161: 1149: 1098: 1069: 1065:Kângë majekrahi 945: 937: 936: 931: 922:Kachak movement 917: 893: 885: 884: 879: 858: 813: 805: 804: 791: 783: 782: 777: 758: 714: 674: 654: 630: 571: 557: 532: 507: 477: 458: 421: 412: 366: 352: 333: 300: 286: 251: 216: 187: 152: 123: 94: 60:Malësia e Madhe 53: 35:Albanian tribes 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4645: 4635: 4634: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4614: 4609: 4588:42.333; 19.383 4560: 4559: 4557: 4556: 4551: 4549:Ulcinj riviera 4546: 4541: 4536: 4531: 4526: 4521: 4511: 4506: 4479: 4477: 4475:Coastal region 4471: 4470: 4468: 4467: 4428:Old Montenegro 4425: 4400: 4395: 4389: 4359: 4354: 4349: 4344: 4329: 4327: 4325:Central region 4321: 4320: 4318: 4317: 4312: 4307: 4302: 4297: 4291: 4286: 4281: 4275: 4272: 4258: 4253: 4248: 4243: 4228: 4226: 4220: 4219: 4212: 4211: 4204: 4197: 4189: 4181: 4180: 4149: 4135: 4117: 4090: 4083: 4065: 4040: 4016: 3991: 3966: 3942: 3935: 3912: 3898: 3873: 3871:, p. 159. 3861: 3847: 3827: 3787: 3770: 3763: 3745: 3730: 3699: 3688:. Robert Elsie 3676: 3660: 3641: 3610: 3588: 3581: 3559: 3534: 3520: 3491: 3447: 3416: 3410: 3385: 3355: 3328: 3326:, p. 101. 3316: 3293: 3265: 3237: 3199: 3167: 3139: 3134:"High Albania" 3119: 3105: 3085: 3078: 3058: 3024: 2988: 2970:Biber, Ahmet. 2962: 2941: 2905: 2891: 2870: 2869: 2867: 2864: 2863: 2862: 2848: 2834: 2828: 2822: 2816: 2806: 2800: 2794: 2788: 2782: 2776: 2770: 2764: 2761:Mark Lucgjonaj 2758: 2755:Emina Çunmulaj 2752: 2746: 2740: 2731: 2725: 2712:Hoti (surname) 2707: 2706:Notable people 2704: 2701: 2700: 2697: 2690: 2689: 2686: 2671: 2670: 2667: 2663: 2662: 2659: 2655: 2654: 2651: 2647: 2646: 2643: 2639: 2638: 2635: 2631: 2630: 2627: 2621: 2620: 2617: 2599:as a surname. 2587:All families ( 2584: 2581: 2539:Pjetër Bogdani 2521: 2518: 2498: 2495: 2493: 2490: 2478:Foreign Office 2410: 2407: 2239:but after the 2187: 2184: 1954:timarli sipahi 1920: 1917: 1811: 1808: 1806: 1803: 1598:, which means 1473: 1470: 1413:area but also 1360:Korita e Hotit 1293:Liqeni i Hotit 1265: 1262: 1254:Malësi e Madhe 1214:Albanian tribe 1193: 1192: 1190: 1189: 1182: 1175: 1167: 1164: 1163: 1158: 1157: 1156: 1155: 1148: 1147: 1099: 1097: 1096: 1091: 1086: 1081: 1070: 1068: 1067: 1062: 1034: 1029: 1024: 1023: 1022: 1017: 1008: 999: 994: 993: 992: 982: 977: 972: 967: 962: 951: 946: 943: 942: 939: 938: 933: 932: 930: 929: 924: 918: 916: 915: 910: 905: 899: 894: 891: 890: 887: 886: 881: 880: 878: 877: 872: 871: 870: 859: 857: 856: 851: 846: 837: 832: 831: 830: 819: 814: 811: 810: 807: 806: 801: 800: 792: 789: 788: 785: 784: 779: 778: 776: 775: 770: 765: 759: 757: 756: 751: 746: 741: 736: 730: 727: 726: 716: 715: 713: 712: 707: 702: 697: 691: 688: 687: 676: 675: 673: 672: 666: 663: 662: 660:Old Montenegro 656: 655: 653: 652: 647: 642: 637: 631: 629: 628: 623: 618: 613: 608: 603: 598: 593: 587: 584: 583: 573: 572: 570: 569: 564: 558: 556: 555: 550: 544: 541: 540: 538:Albania Veneta 534: 533: 531: 530: 525: 519: 516: 515: 509: 508: 506: 505: 500: 494: 491: 490: 479: 478: 476: 475: 470: 465: 459: 457: 456: 451: 446: 441: 435: 432: 431: 423: 422: 420: 419: 413: 411: 410: 405: 400: 395: 390: 385: 379: 376: 375: 368: 367: 365: 364: 359: 353: 351: 350: 345: 340: 334: 332: 331: 326: 321: 316: 310: 307: 306: 302: 301: 299: 298: 293: 287: 285: 284: 279: 274: 269: 263: 260: 259: 253: 252: 250: 249: 244: 239: 234: 228: 225: 224: 218: 217: 215: 214: 209: 204: 199: 194: 188: 186: 185: 180: 175: 170: 164: 161: 160: 154: 153: 151: 150: 145: 140: 135: 130: 124: 122: 121: 116: 111: 106: 101: 95: 93: 92: 87: 82: 77: 72: 66: 63: 62: 54: 51: 50: 47: 46: 38: 37: 31: 30: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4644: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4615: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4604: 4602: 4595: 4592: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4527: 4525: 4522: 4519: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4507: 4504: 4500: 4496: 4492: 4488: 4484: 4481: 4480: 4478: 4476: 4472: 4465: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4452:Cetinje field 4449: 4445: 4441: 4437: 4433: 4429: 4426: 4423: 4419: 4415: 4409: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4396: 4393: 4390: 4387: 4386:Lijeva Rijeka 4383: 4379: 4375: 4371: 4367: 4363: 4360: 4358: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4348: 4345: 4342: 4338: 4334: 4331: 4330: 4328: 4326: 4322: 4316: 4313: 4311: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4298: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4279: 4276: 4273: 4270: 4266: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4244: 4241: 4237: 4233: 4230: 4229: 4227: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4210: 4205: 4203: 4198: 4196: 4191: 4190: 4187: 4168: 4164: 4160: 4153: 4145: 4139: 4131: 4124: 4122: 4105: 4101: 4094: 4086: 4084:1-84511-118-4 4080: 4076: 4069: 4054: 4050: 4044: 4028: 4027: 4020: 4005: 4001: 3995: 3980: 3976: 3970: 3954: 3953: 3946: 3938: 3932: 3928: 3927: 3919: 3917: 3901: 3899:1-55753-146-3 3895: 3891: 3890: 3882: 3880: 3878: 3870: 3865: 3850: 3848:0-7146-1974-4 3844: 3840: 3839: 3831: 3815: 3811: 3804: 3802: 3800: 3798: 3796: 3794: 3792: 3785:, p. 62. 3784: 3779: 3777: 3775: 3766: 3760: 3756: 3749: 3743:, p. 31. 3742: 3737: 3735: 3719: 3715: 3708: 3706: 3704: 3687: 3680: 3672: 3671: 3664: 3656: 3652: 3645: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3624:Acta Histriae 3621: 3614: 3599: 3592: 3584: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3563: 3547: 3546: 3538: 3523: 3517: 3513: 3512: 3504: 3502: 3500: 3498: 3496: 3480: 3476: 3472: 3468: 3467:Acta Histriae 3461: 3454: 3452: 3435: 3431: 3427: 3420: 3413: 3407: 3403: 3402: 3394: 3392: 3390: 3373: 3372: 3364: 3362: 3360: 3343: 3339: 3332: 3325: 3320: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3297: 3281: 3280: 3272: 3270: 3250: 3249: 3241: 3226: 3219: 3212: 3210: 3208: 3206: 3204: 3187: 3186: 3178: 3176: 3174: 3172: 3155: 3154: 3146: 3144: 3135: 3128: 3126: 3124: 3108: 3102: 3098: 3097: 3089: 3081: 3075: 3071: 3070: 3062: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3035: 3028: 3009: 3002: 2995: 2993: 2978:on 2020-02-21 2977: 2973: 2966: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2945: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2914: 2912: 2910: 2894: 2888: 2884: 2883: 2875: 2871: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2849: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2835: 2832: 2829: 2826: 2823: 2820: 2817: 2814: 2810: 2809:Avdullah Hoti 2807: 2805:, Miss Kosovo 2804: 2801: 2798: 2795: 2792: 2789: 2786: 2783: 2780: 2779:Aljbino Camaj 2777: 2774: 2771: 2768: 2765: 2762: 2759: 2756: 2753: 2750: 2747: 2744: 2741: 2739: 2735: 2732: 2729: 2726: 2723: 2719: 2716: 2715: 2713: 2698: 2696: 2692: 2691: 2688:Brotherhoods 2687: 2684: 2683: 2680: 2678: 2668: 2665: 2664: 2660: 2657: 2656: 2652: 2649: 2648: 2644: 2641: 2640: 2636: 2633: 2632: 2628: 2626: 2623: 2622: 2618: 2615: 2614: 2611: 2608: 2606: 2600: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2580: 2578: 2574: 2573: 2567: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2552: 2547: 2545: 2544:Gjergj Fishta 2540: 2536: 2526: 2517: 2515: 2510: 2508: 2503: 2492:In Literature 2489: 2485: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2470: 2467: 2463: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2445: 2443: 2438: 2433: 2428: 2424: 2415: 2406: 2403: 2398: 2394: 2389: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2360: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2321: 2319: 2315: 2310: 2309:blood feuding 2306: 2302: 2297: 2295: 2294:Smajl Martini 2291: 2287: 2281: 2279: 2275: 2270: 2264: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2228: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2207:" led to the 2206: 2201: 2192: 2183: 2179: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2160: 2156: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2137: 2135: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2109: 2104: 2100: 2095: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2044: 2041: 2035: 2033: 2032:Prenc Castrat 2029: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2005: 2000: 1994: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1950:timar holders 1945: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1925: 1919:Early Ottoman 1916: 1914: 1909: 1905: 1900: 1895: 1893: 1892: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1869: 1867: 1863: 1861: 1856: 1852: 1847: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1816: 1799: 1795: 1792: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1768: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1736: 1733: 1729: 1728:Zef Valentini 1725: 1724:Ernesto Cozzi 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1707:Milan Šufflay 1704: 1702: 1698: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1676: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1665: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1588: 1583: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1534:(ancestor of 1533: 1529: 1527: 1523: 1518: 1515:(ancestor of 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1478: 1469: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1454: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1399:Hoti i Vendit 1396: 1392: 1391:Hoti i Vendit 1388: 1383: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1352: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1299:to the east, 1298: 1294: 1290: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1261: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1233: 1231: 1228:and southern 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1204: 1199: 1188: 1183: 1181: 1176: 1174: 1169: 1168: 1166: 1165: 1154: 1151: 1150: 1145: 1142: 1138: 1135: 1132: 1129: 1126: 1123: 1120: 1117: 1114: 1111: 1108: 1104: 1101: 1100: 1095: 1092: 1090: 1087: 1085: 1084:Sworn virgins 1082: 1079: 1075: 1072: 1071: 1066: 1063: 1060: 1057: 1054: 1051: 1048: 1045: 1042: 1038: 1035: 1033: 1030: 1028: 1025: 1021: 1018: 1016: 1012: 1009: 1007: 1003: 1000: 998: 995: 991: 988: 987: 986: 983: 981: 978: 976: 973: 971: 968: 966: 963: 961: 958: 957: 956: 953: 952: 950: 949: 941: 940: 928: 925: 923: 920: 919: 914: 911: 909: 906: 904: 901: 900: 898: 897: 889: 888: 876: 873: 869: 866: 865: 864: 861: 860: 855: 852: 850: 847: 845: 841: 838: 836: 833: 829: 826: 825: 824: 821: 820: 818: 817: 809: 808: 799: 796: 795: 787: 786: 774: 771: 769: 766: 764: 761: 760: 755: 752: 750: 747: 745: 742: 740: 737: 735: 732: 731: 729: 728: 725: 721: 718: 717: 711: 708: 706: 703: 701: 698: 696: 693: 692: 690: 689: 685: 681: 678: 677: 671: 668: 667: 665: 664: 661: 658: 657: 651: 648: 646: 643: 641: 638: 636: 633: 632: 627: 624: 622: 619: 617: 614: 612: 609: 607: 604: 602: 599: 597: 594: 592: 589: 588: 586: 585: 582: 578: 575: 574: 568: 565: 563: 560: 559: 554: 551: 549: 546: 545: 543: 542: 539: 536: 535: 529: 526: 524: 521: 520: 518: 517: 514: 511: 510: 504: 501: 499: 496: 495: 493: 492: 488: 484: 481: 480: 474: 471: 469: 466: 464: 461: 460: 455: 452: 450: 447: 445: 442: 440: 437: 436: 434: 433: 429: 425: 424: 418: 415: 414: 409: 406: 404: 401: 399: 396: 394: 391: 389: 386: 384: 381: 380: 378: 377: 374: 370: 369: 363: 360: 358: 355: 354: 349: 346: 344: 341: 339: 336: 335: 330: 327: 325: 322: 320: 317: 315: 312: 311: 309: 308: 304: 303: 297: 294: 292: 289: 288: 283: 280: 278: 275: 273: 270: 268: 265: 264: 262: 261: 258: 255: 254: 248: 245: 243: 240: 238: 235: 233: 230: 229: 227: 226: 223: 220: 219: 213: 210: 208: 205: 203: 200: 198: 195: 193: 190: 189: 184: 181: 179: 176: 174: 171: 169: 166: 165: 163: 162: 159: 156: 155: 149: 146: 144: 141: 139: 136: 134: 131: 129: 126: 125: 120: 117: 115: 112: 110: 107: 105: 102: 100: 97: 96: 91: 88: 86: 83: 81: 78: 76: 73: 71: 68: 67: 65: 64: 61: 58: 57: 49: 48: 40: 39: 36: 33: 32: 28: 27: 22: 4564: 4483:Bay of Kotor 4413: 4382:Bjelopavlići 4171:. 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