688:
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1884:
363:" scientific background before the occupation. Pajączkowski admonishes Stefan that he must prioritize not harming the patients over showing them mercy. Meanwhile, the drug-addicted writer Sekułowski, seeking refuge in the hospital, bitterly accuses the young doctor of lacking life experience. Meanwhile, Dr. Nosilewska secretly confesses to Stefan that she fled from Austria after it was
389:
600:
Edward Żebrowski aimed his criticism in the film towards the institution of the psychiatric hospital, which employs a system of violence. By focusing on the moral dilemmas of Dr. Stefan, which lead the main character to a heroic act in the name of good, Żebrowski attempted to simultaneously explore
375:
to his drink; the files are also burned. When the
Germans enter the hospital grounds, they arrest part of the staff; Nosilewska is arrested as a Jew, and Pajączkowski shares her fate. Sekułowski, trying to resist arrest, takes cyanide and commits suicide. The SS officers lead the staff and patients
370:
The moment of the hospital's liquidation arrives. The helpless director Pajączkowski cannot obtain consent from Rygier, Kauters, and
Marglewski for a spontaneous action to save the patients. Only Stefan supports him, distributing the remaining medicines to the patients and, at Sekułowski's request,
358:
officer named
Thiesdorf arrives at the hospital, announcing the liquidation of the psychiatric hospital. Thiesdorf's visit provokes various reactions among the hospital staff. Over time, Stefan rebels more and more against Rygier, but he cannot count on Pajączkowski's support, as Rygier accuses him
341:
The action of the film begins in late 1939 when young doctor Stefan arrives at a closed psychiatric hospital to take up a job there. Stefan, who adheres to humanitarian principles but is vague in his views, is accepted by the hospital director, Dr. Pajączkowski. He then gains experience under the
879:
The unexpected transition from color to black and white technique, the quietening of sound, the blurring of image sharpness, contributes to a general change in tonality, creates a different perspective – as if reality is viewed from a different, more objectified point of
376:
of the hospital out of the building to execute them. Stefan, hiding from the
Germans, tries to rescue a young boy hidden under hospital gowns, but the boy dies in his arms. Seeing an SS patrol in the forest, Stefan attempts to flee and disappears into the fog, while the
350:
patient, resulting in the patient almost losing his mental faculties. Stefan also notices the obsessions of other doctors: Dr. Kauters prefers exclusively surgical methods of treatment, while Dr. Marglewski sees mental illness solely as a manifestation of possession.
1093:
904:
with situations that are difficult or even impossible to comprehend and experience at any moment and for every person, a confrontation devoid of the facilitations associated with the use of conventions or illustrative elements related to some worldview
321:), who dares to protest against unethical experiments conducted on patients by the hospital staff even before the arrival of the Germans. The film was mostly well received by critics and won multiple awards, including at the
970:
710:
The
Holocaust, although coming from outside, is somehow a consequence of internal relations. There is no significant opposition felt between the perversion within the hospital itself and the impending cruelty
781:
even during World War II, the commander of a German unit could not, just like that, murder anyone. Most likely, the
Germans would have killed the patients, but not the doctors, who had a chance of survival
675:, and the distributed version featured Dolby Digital 2.0 sound standard. A digitally reconstructed version of Żebrowski's film was released in 2017 by Tor Studio and Blu Studio, available on both DVD and
884:"Hospital of the Transfiguration" is not only a great directorial success of Edward Żebrowski – it is also a film that undoubtedly will represent the most valuable achievements of Polish cinematography
342:
supervision of the cynical Dr. Rygier, who does not hide his pro-Nazi views. Stefan disapproves of Rygier's behavior, who subjects patients to humiliating experimental treatment methods, including
975:
854:
The film is beautifully shot, its images have realism but also style awareness. In terms of staging, it is undoubtedly a great step forward in the development of Edward Żebrowski's talent
367:
by the Nazis. Stefan realizes the futility of his idealism but also witnesses the medical mistakes of his older colleagues: Kauters's failed surgery and
Marglewski's charlatanism.
2021:
1287:
1257:
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Kauters, Rygier, Marglewski, or the writer Sekułowski are not wax figures representing their ideological attitudes, but fully-fleshed people with multifaceted personalities
857:
838:
812:
622:
Interestingly, this was the only major psychiatric hospital in Poland where the mentally ill were not exterminated by the
Germans during the war. The premiere of the
918:
On the other hand, Robert
Birkholc considered Lem's criticisms regarding the depiction of wartime realities in the film as not particularly significant because the
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585:
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the prototype events took place in Lviv, where Lem began his medical studies in 1940; the
Germans could only arrive at the hospital two years after the war began
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536:
278:
50:
2009:
1098:
775:, accusing the film of having an implausible plot. The film's liquidation of the hospital takes place in the summer of 1940, whereas, as Lubelski claimed,
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725:Żebrowski discovered the primordial sources of social disease as if beyond Nazism, at least before the extermination planned by the Nazis took place
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898:. According to Szpulak, the film benefited not only from the subtlety with which Żebrowski adapted Lem's prose but also from the cast of actors.
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The excellent acting, biting humor, naturalistic scenery, and feverish (in the most dramatic moments of the story) camera work directed by
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fulfills a hugely important need: it presents attitudes, provokes clashes of views, engages us in the drama of ideological contradictions
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1645:
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Andrzej Szpulak approached the criticism of the film's schematic message from a more contemporary perspective. As Szpulak argued:
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828:"Hospital of the Transfiguration" uses schematic simplifications: the supporter of experimenting on people turns out to be a
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987:
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283:
55:
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907:. In Szpulak's opinion, the portrayal of a borderline situation in a person's life takes on a nuanced form in the
329:. Its strengths were praised for its aesthetic quality and insightful analysis of the reasons for acquiescence to
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1733:
526:
467:
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87:
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779:. The author of the literary prototype, Stanisław Lem, accused Żebrowski of departing from the wartime reality:
2001:
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333:, while its weakness was seen in deviating from wartime realities in favor of an idiosyncratic stylization.
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It is largely thanks to their use that the director managed to avoid the risk of flattening the message
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Images. The International Journal of European Film, Performing Arts and Audiovisual Communication
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until 1942, as well as the massacre committed on 12 January 1940, at the psychiatric hospital in
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902:. Szpulak, considering Żebrowski's entire body of work, emphasized the viewer's confrontation
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was mostly positively received by critics. Krzysztof Kreutzinger, writing for the magazine
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the Lviv ghetto is the setting - named and quite literal - in Lem's novella "The Facility"
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at a critical moment. At the time, it was a valid observation, but today it is misleading
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make Żebrowski's work one of the best and most suggestive adaptations of Lem's prose
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pointed out the cinematographic craftsmanship responsible for the cinematography,
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Hospital of the Transfiguration" shows with corrosive irony that the epidemic of
437:
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316:
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126:
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1578:"Kamera i poeta doctus? O filmach Edwarda Żebrowskiego z perspektywy lotu ptaka"
1231:
2382:
2081:
1863:
1799:
1743:
1493:""Dezynfekcja". Literatura polska wobec eksterminacji osób psychicznie chorych"
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1977:
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was in charge of the sound editing. The film was edited by Urszula Śliwińska.
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134:
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1943:
1509:
1080:, p. 282), it diverges from the more probable genesis of Lem's novel:
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882:. Szczepański summed up the discussion about Żebrowski's film as follows:
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in the database of the Digital Repository of the National Film database
927:, but a symbolic film presenting a bitter diagnosis of European culture
913:
There is no trace of the beauty of decay or the pornography of violence
809:
isolating the hospital story from the broader context of the occupation
731:, unwittingly laying the groundwork for Nazi extermination. Similarly,
388:
1094:
State Institution for the Mentally and Neurologically Ill in Kobierzyn
604:
During the film's production, historic interiors and locations of the
296:. The film's theme revolves around the extermination of patients in a
2325:
1847:
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could have come from both the ongoing crimes against patients at the
1049:
International Red Cross and Health Protection Film Festival in Varna
748:
spread also on our side. Among the hospital staff are spiritual Nazis
505:
364:
306:
2065:
756:
694:, head of the Tor Studio responsible for the production of the film
270:
1448:. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza.
1104:
380:
shoots the patients and remaining staff, burying them afterwards.
2458:
1627:
745:
676:
372:
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However, the aesthetic merits of the film were not questioned.
729:
for a long time feel like masters of life and death of patients
616:
310:). The story focuses on the character of Dr. Stefan (played by
2337:
1088:, pp. 281–283), inspiration for Lem when writing the
561:(this was the first screenplay co-created by the latter).
660:
355:
1446:
Zagłada i gwiazdy. Przeszłość w prozie Stanisława Lema
640:
was released together with other films by Żebrowski –
601:
the phenomenon of good in a world permeated by evil.
1288:"Szpital Przemienienia: Transfiguration Hospital"
1258:"Szpital Przemienienia: Transfiguration Hospital"
2492:
1417:""Szpital Przemienienia", reż. Edward Żebrowski"
727:. Marszałek also noted that the film's doctors
565:was responsible for the cinematography, while
1684:
550:'s novel of the same title with film critic
422:– engineer Andrzej Nowacki, hospital patient
1315:
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924:a faithful reconstruction of the Aktion T4
1508:
1471:
1334:
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1360:
1236:Repozytorium Cyfrowe Filmoteki Narodowej
1085:
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686:
504:
446:– Doctor Pajączkowski, hospital director
387:
346:. Rygier performs surgery on Andrzej, a
1575:
1399:
1387:
1375:
663:discs as part of the publishing series
546:, who co-wrote the screenplay based on
2493:
1651:in the National Film Archive database
2506:Films based on works by Stanisław Lem
1672:
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1169:
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1159:
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1126:
1124:
1122:
576:designed the set. The music for the
971:Main Award "Silver Lions of Gdańsk"
13:
1491:Morawiec, Arkadiusz (2017-12-15).
1405:
1366:
1351:
14:
2532:
2247:End of the World at Eight O'Clock
2116:Voyage to the End of the Universe
1900:End of the World at Eight O'Clock
1600:
1465:Historia kina polskiego 1895–2014
1292:Studio Filmowe "TOR" – Studio Blu
1262:Wydawnictwo Telewizji Kino Polska
1211:
1154:
1119:
929:. Birkholc also emphasized that:
512:, author of the literary original
1882:
1561:. Wołowiec: Wydawnictwo Czarne.
783:. Similar criticism was made by
531:under the artistic direction of
395:, playing the role of Dr. Rygier
2148:Hospital of the Transfiguration
1734:Hospital of the Transfiguration
1662:Hospital of the Transfiguration
1648:Hospital of the Transfiguration
1636:Hospital of the Transfiguration
1622:Hospital of the Transfiguration
1608:Hospital of the Transfiguration
1437:
1393:
1381:
1339:
1316:Kreutzinger, Krzysztof (1979).
1175:Hospital of the Transfiguration
1090:Hospital of the transfiguration
1067:
920:Hospital of the Transfiguration
909:Hospital of the Transfiguration
807:, reproaching the director for
769:Hospital of the Transfiguration
700:Hospital of the Transfiguration
669:Hospital of the Transfiguration
638:Hospital of the Transfiguration
631:
624:Hospital of the Transfiguration
578:Hospital of the Transfiguration
518:Hospital of the Transfiguration
260:Hospital of the Transfiguration
88:Hospital of the Transfiguration
22:Hospital of the Transfiguration
2002:Science Fiction and Futurology
1328:
1309:
1279:
1249:
1199:
1187:
889:
300:shortly after the outbreak of
1:
1474:"Edward Żebrowski: Redivivus"
1113:
500:
2432:Rozmowy ze Stanisławem Lemem
1532:Sobolewski, Tadeusz (2013).
1444:Gajewska, Agnieszka (2016).
682:
626:took place on 28 March 1979.
7:
2454:Neologisms of Stanisław Lem
2281:The Invincible (video game)
535:. The film was directed by
440:– writer Zygmunt Sekułowski
401:Online Polish Film Database
10:
2537:
1824:The Futurological Congress
1792:Memoirs Found in a Bathtub
1463:Lubelski, Tadeusz (2015).
1286:Żebrowski, Edward (2017).
1256:Żebrowski, Edward (2011).
1131:Żebrowski, Edward (1978).
940:
292:'s 1955 novel of the same
2516:Polish World War II films
2441:
2411:
2365:
2356:
2294:
2257:
2214:
2099:
2092:
2057:
2020:
1969:
1891:
1880:
1710:
1576:Szpulak, Andrzej (2011).
1472:Marszałek, Rafał (2014).
1025:
964:
961:
839:Krzysztof Teodor Toeplitz
767:More skeptical about the
665:Arcydzieła polskiego kina
344:electroconvulsive therapy
242:
232:
222:
199:
176:
166:
158:
148:
99:
82:
63:
46:
42:
30:
26:
21:
2074:Do You Exist, Mr. Jones?
1994:The Philosophy of Chance
1534:"Piękny dwudziestoletni"
1294:. Warsaw. Archived from
1264:. Warsaw. Archived from
1061:
208:March 28, 1979
2231:Ijon Tichy: Space Pilot
1952:Tales of Pirx the Pilot
1856:Observation on the Spot
1232:"Szpital Przemienienia"
1133:"Szpital przemienienia"
1029:Brussels Film Festival
383:
336:
2511:Polish war drama films
2449:Honors bestowed on Lem
2420:A Stanislaw Lem Reader
2223:The Adventures of Pirx
1659:Excerpt from the film
1510:10.14746/pt.2017.27.18
1467:. Kraków: Universitas.
1318:"Za plecami Pana Boga"
695:
673:Kino Polska Television
516:The production of the
513:
396:
2426:Correspondence of Lem
2156:Inquest of Pilot Pirx
1776:Return from the Stars
1646:Photos from the film
1559:Żebrowski. Hipnotyzer
1557:Socha, Jakub (2018).
1014:Locarno Film Festival
858:Jan Józef Szczepański
850:Miesięcznik Literacki
813:Krzysztof Kłopotowski
690:
667:. The release of the
508:
391:
327:Locarno Film Festival
37:Szpital Przemienienia
2239:Fear of a Bot Planet
1752:The Magellanic Cloud
1018:I honorable mention
966:Polish Film Festival
462:Zbigniew Zapasiewicz
393:Zbigniew Zapasiewicz
323:Polish Film Festival
298:psychiatric hospital
143:Zbigniew Zapasiewicz
2398:Franz Rottensteiner
2378:Konstantin Dushenko
2312:Professor Tarantoga
2164:Victim of the Brain
2039:Imaginary Magnitude
1929:Lymphater's Formula
1840:The Chain of Chance
1497:Przestrzenie Teorii
1052:special jury award
1000:Małgorzata Jaworska
870:Tygodnik Powszechny
760:, Żebrowski's film
606:Tworkowski Hospital
586:Małgorzata Jaworska
520:was managed by the
458:– Doctor Marglewski
434:– Doctor Nosilewska
2204:His Master's Voice
1986:Summa Technologiae
1832:Professor A. Dońda
1816:His Master's Voice
1415:Birkholc, Robert.
1196:, pp. 15, 23)
752:Zygmunt Kałużyński
733:Tadeusz Sobolewski
696:
514:
496:– Doctor Kozłowski
483:– hospital patient
474:Elżbieta Karkoszka
470:– hospital patient
468:Władysław Kowalski
397:
2488:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2393:Wojciech Orliński
2290:
2289:
1936:Fables for Robots
1760:The Investigation
1719:The Man from Mars
1568:978-83-8049-639-2
1455:978-83-232-3047-2
1208:, pp. 15–16)
1059:
1058:
1055:Edward Żebrowski
1021:Edward Żebrowski
933:Witold Sobociński
875:Witold Sobociński
692:Krzysztof Zanussi
563:Witold Sobociński
533:Krzysztof Zanussi
456:Wojciech Pszoniak
256:
255:
162:Urszula Śliwińska
153:Witold Sobociński
139:Wojciech Pszoniak
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2363:
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2097:
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2047:One Human Minute
2031:A Perfect Vacuum
1907:The Star Diaries
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1346:Sobolewski (2013
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1335:Marszałek (2014)
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1139:. Archived from
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991:
983:Edward Żebrowski
979:
945:
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866:
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805:
793:
773:Tadeusz Lubelski
741:
723:emphasized that
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651:
614:
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582:Stanisław Radwan
580:was composed by
575:
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537:Edward Żebrowski
530:
495:
482:
428:– Doctor Kauters
415:
320:
287:
279:Edward Żebrowski
215:
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171:Stanisław Radwan
112:
78:Edward Żebrowski
76:
59:
51:Edward Żebrowski
19:
18:
16:1978 Polish film
2536:
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2491:
2490:
2489:
2480:
2471:Works about Lem
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2407:
2373:Stanisław Bereś
2352:
2286:
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2210:
2108:The Silent Star
2088:
2053:
2016:
1965:
1887:
1883:
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1503:(27): 261–296.
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1084:. According to
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841:
815:
799:
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785:Jerzy Płażewski
750:. According to
735:
716:
714:Rafał Marszałek
685:
671:was handled by
645:
634:
608:
588:
569:
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539:
524:
503:
489:
476:
464:– Doctor Rygier
438:Gustaw Holoubek
420:Jerzy Bińczycki
416:– Doctor Stefan
409:
386:
378:execution squad
339:
331:totalitarianism
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127:Gustaw Holoubek
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115:Jerzy Bińczycki
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2383:Michael Kandel
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2317:Mad scientists
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452:– Nurse Józef
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1590:. Retrieved
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1500:
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1438:Bibliography
1425:. Retrieved
1420:
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1321:
1311:
1300:. Retrieved
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1145:. Retrieved
1141:the original
1136:
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1036:Piotr Dejmek
996:Music Award
951:Institution
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659:(1980) – on
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632:Distribution
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603:
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552:Michał Komar
517:
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426:Henryk Bista
407:Piotr Dejmek
400:
398:
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353:
348:brain cancer
340:
312:Piotr Dejmek
305:
302:World War II
277:directed by
259:
258:
257:
224:Running time
201:Release date
119:Henryk Bista
104:Piotr Dejmek
86:
68:Michał Komar
36:
2476:Year of Lem
2388:Daniel Mróz
2276:(2019 play)
2093:Adaptations
2010:Microworlds
1478:Dwutygodnik
1423:(in Polish)
1238:(in Polish)
1206:Socha (2018
1194:Socha (2018
1137:ninateka.pl
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986: [
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890:Years later
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653:(1972) and
646: [
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288:, based on
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47:Directed by
2521:1978 films
2501:1979 films
2495:Categories
2342:Klapaucius
2307:Pilot Pirx
2302:Ijon Tichy
2295:Characters
1808:Highcastle
1592:2021-09-29
1550:1543482975
1524:2021-10-14
1483:2021-05-16
1427:2024-04-09
1421:Culture.pl
1302:2021-09-29
1272:2021-09-29
1242:2021-05-16
1147:2021-02-24
1114:References
957:Recipient
824:Literatura
619:were used.
522:Tor Studio
501:Production
228:90 minutes
212:1979-03-28
186:Tor Studio
178:Production
64:Written by
2464:Lem's Law
2266:Cyberiada
2132:Roly Poly
1917:" (1950s)
1915:The Hunt
1848:Golem XIV
1519:2450-5765
683:Reception
354:Soon, an
307:Aktion T4
243:Languages
159:Edited by
2358:Lemology
2346:Terminus
2322:A. Dońda
2066:Korzenie
1962:" (1974)
1960:The Mask
1931:" (1961)
1924:" (1961)
1922:Terminus
1902:" (1947)
1654:Fototeka
1631:database
1617:database
1546:ProQuest
1184:database
757:Polityka
643:Ocalenie
399:Source:
365:occupied
325:and the
271:war film
167:Music by
100:Starring
83:Based on
2459:Sepulka
2274:Solaris
2268:(opera)
2172:Solaris
2140:Solaris
2124:Solaris
2069:(1940s)
1978:Dialogs
1784:Solaris
1628:Filmweb
1625:in the
1611:in the
1588:(17–18)
1544:(561).
1178:in the
954:Reward
941:Rewards
922:is not
905:concept
852:wrote:
746:fascism
679:discs.
677:Blu-ray
373:cyanide
371:adding
361:Masonic
233:Country
210: (
180:company
2366:People
2283:(2023)
2250:(2015)
2242:(1999)
2234:(2007)
2226:(1973)
2207:(2018)
2199:(2013)
2191:(2010)
2183:(2009)
2175:(2002)
2167:(1988)
2159:(1979)
2151:(1978)
2143:(1972)
2135:(1968)
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2034:(1971)
2013:(1984)
2005:(1970)
1997:(1968)
1989:(1964)
1981:(1957)
1955:(1966)
1947:(1965)
1939:(1964)
1910:(1957)
1875:(1987)
1867:(1986)
1864:Fiasco
1859:(1982)
1851:(1981)
1843:(1975)
1835:(1973)
1827:(1971)
1819:(1968)
1811:(1966)
1803:(1964)
1795:(1961)
1787:(1961)
1779:(1961)
1771:(1959)
1763:(1959)
1755:(1955)
1747:(1951)
1737:(1948)
1722:(1946)
1711:Novels
1565:
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617:Warsaw
584:, and
265:Polish
251:German
247:Polish
237:Poland
32:Polish
2442:Other
2412:Works
2338:Trurl
2258:Other
2188:Maska
2100:Films
2058:Plays
1700:Works
1105:Chełm
1101:]
1062:Notes
1043:]
1026:1981
1007:]
990:]
978:]
962:1979
948:Year
867:from
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848:from
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273:from
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2340:and
1768:Eden
1641:IMDb
1563:ISBN
1538:Kino
1515:ISSN
1450:ISBN
1324:(3).
1322:Film
880:view
797:Kino
771:was
705:Film
698:The
384:Cast
337:Plot
275:1978
1702:by
1639:at
1505:doi
886:".
794:in
661:DVD
92:by
2497::
2344:,
2324:,
2215:TV
1584:.
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