736:", a newly designed hollow-point handgun bullet which used a specially designed, reverse tapered jacket. The jacket was cut at the hollow to intentionally weaken it, and these cuts allowed the jacket to open into six petals upon impact. The thick jacket material kept the tips of the jacket from bending as easily as a normal thickness jacket. The slits that weakened the jacket left triangular shapes in the tip of the jacket, and these triangular sections of jacket would end up pointing out after expansion, leading to the "Talon" name. The bullets were coated with a black colored, paint-like lubricant called "Lubalox", and loaded into nickel-plated brass cases, which made them visually stand out from other ammunition. While performance of the Black Talon rounds was not significantly improved over other comparable high-performance hollow-point ammunition, the reverse taper jacket did provide reliable expansion under a wide range of conditions, and many police departments adopted the round.
316:), they steadily gained ground among hunters due to the ability to control the expansion of the new high velocity cartridges. In modern ammunition, the use of hollow points is primarily limited to handgun ammunition, which tends to operate at much lower velocities than rifle ammunition (on the order of 1,000 feet per second (300 m/s) versus over 2,000 feet per second). At rifle velocities, a hollow point is not needed for reliable expansion and most rifle ammunition makes use of tapered jacket designs to achieve the mushrooming effect. At the lower handgun velocities, hollow point designs are generally the only design that will reliably expand.
486:, or some other medium intended to simulate tissue and cause a hollow point bullet to expand. Test results are generally given in terms of expanded diameter, penetration depth, and weight retention. Expanded diameter is an indication of the size of the wound cavity, penetration depth shows if vital organs could be reached by the bullet, and weight retention indicates how much of the bullet mass fragmented and separated from the main body of the bullet. How these factors are interpreted depends on the intended use of the bullet, and there are no universally agreed-upon ideal metrics.
721:
691:, except for ammunition possessed at one's own dwellings, premises, or other lands owned or possessed, or for, while and traveling to and from hunting with a hunting license if otherwise legal for the particular game. The law also requires all hollow point ammunition to be transported directly from the place of purchase to one's home or premises, or hunting area, or by members of a rifle or pistol club directly to a place of target practice, or directly to an authorized target range from the place of purchase or one's home or premises.
150:
74:
468:
86:
101:
32:
360:
124:
139:
564:, hollow point and ballistic-tipped ammunition for range use and vermin control. A firearms certificate will only be issued to any individual who can provide good reason to the police for the possession of firearms and their ammunition. Until recently all expanding ammunition fell under section 5 of the
445:
Due to their design, hollow point bullets tend to be more accurate than other types of ammunition, as they are less affected by wind resistance and other factors that can affect trajectory. For bullets designed for target shooting, some such as the Sierra "Matchking" incorporate a cavity in the nose,
662:
in warfare, but the United States ratified the second (1907) Hague
Convention IV-23, which says "To employ arms, projectiles, or material calculated to cause unnecessary suffering", similar to IV-3 of the first Convention. For years the United States military respected this Convention and refrained
754:
Winchester responded to the media criticism of the Black Talon line by removing it from the commercial market and only selling it to law enforcement distributors. Winchester has since discontinued the sale of the Black Talon entirely, although
Winchester does manufacture nearly identical ammunition
454:
and higher drag. The result is a slightly decreased overall accuracy between bullet trajectory and barrel direction, as well as an increased susceptibility to wind drift, but closer grouping of subsequent shots due to bullet consistency, often increasing the shooter's perceived accuracy.
238:
Solid lead bullets, when cast from a soft alloy, will often deform and provide some expansion if they hit the target at a high velocity. This, combined with the limited velocity and penetration attainable with muzzleloading firearms, meant there was little need for extra expansion.
349:
Plastic inserts in the hollow to provide the same profile for feeding in semiautomatic and automatic weapons as a full-metal-jacketed round but that separate on firing while in flight or in the barrel (such as the German Geco "Action Safety" 9 mm
396:
The greater frontal surface area of the expanded bullet limits its depth of penetration into the target and causes more extensive tissue damage along the wound path. Many hollow-point bullets, especially those intended for use at high velocity in
747:, media response against Winchester was swift. "This bullet kills you better", says one report; "its six razorlike claws unfold on impact, expanding to nearly three times the bullet's diameter". A concern was raised by the president of the
246:
and were hollowed out to reduce the bullet's mass and provide higher velocities. In addition to providing increased velocities, the hollow also turned out to provide significant expansion, especially when the bullets were cast in a soft
458:
The manufacturing process of hollow-point bullets also produces a flat, uniformly shaped base on the bullet which allegedly increases accuracy by providing a more consistent piston surface for the expanding gases of the cartridge.
335:
Posts in the hollow cavity to cause hydraulic expansion of the bullet in tissue. While very effective in lightly clothed targets, these bullet types tend to plug up with heavy clothing materials that results in the bullet not
667:
that were issued to the OSS agents and the Savage Model 24 .22/.410 combination guns issued in the E series of air crew survival kits. After announcing consideration of using hollow point ammunition for
366:
before and after expanding. The long base and small expanded diameter show that this is a bullet designed for deep penetration on large game. The bullet in the photo traveled more than halfway through a
751:(ACEP) that the sharp edges of the jacket could cut medical personnel's skin and risk spread of disease. An ACEP spokesman later said he was not aware of any evidence to support this claim.
702:, Colonel, USMC, Chief of the JAG's International Law Branch, has argued that this ammunition is not prohibited by military convention in that the wounds that it produces are similar to
450:. This allows the manufacturer to maintain a greater consistency in tip shape and thus aerodynamic properties among bullets of the same design, at the expense of a slightly decreased
676:
with a 147-grain (9.5 g) jacketed hollow point bullet at 962 feet (293 m) per second for use in situations where limited over-penetration of targets is necessary to reduce
1029:
277:, velocities increased, and bullets got smaller, faster, and lighter. These new bullets (especially in rifles) needed to be jacketed to handle the conditions of firing. The new
1293:
1065:
434:
281:
bullets tended to penetrate straight through a target causing less internal damage than a bullet that expands and stops in its target. This led to the development of the
1272:
560:(FAC) holder. The FAC holder must have the calibre in question as a valid allowance on their licence. A valid firearms certificate allows the holder to use ball,
53:
425:
bullets, the jacket and other internal design characteristics help to prevent the bullet from breaking apart; a fragmented bullet will not penetrate as far.
383:) around the inside edge to expand outwards, increasing the axial diameter of the projectile as it passes through. This process is commonly referred to as
955:
510:
banned exploding projectiles of less than 400 grams, along with weapons designed to aggravate injured soldiers or make their death inevitable.
1131:
417:. This jacket provides additional strength to the bullet, increases penetration, and can help prevent it from leaving deposits of lead inside the
699:
655:
1181:
568:
and was only allowed when conditions were entered onto an FAC by the police. This condition would allow expanding ammunition to be used for:
1025:
339:
Solid copper hollow points, which are far stronger than jacketed lead, and provide controlled, uniform expansion even at high velocities.
169:
which expands on impact with a soft target, transferring more or all of the projectile's energy into the target over a shorter distance.
1321:
502:
of bullets that easily expand or flatten in the body. It is a common misapprehension that hollow-point ammunition is prohibited by the
40:
1297:
923:
Adkins, Robert; Lindsey, Douglas; Dimaio, Vincent; Marshall, Evan; Fackler, Martin; Peters, Carroll; Goddard, Stan; Smith, O'Brian.
1051:
748:
513:
Despite the widespread ban on military use, hollow-point bullets are one of the most common types of bullets used by civilians and
912:
908:
888:
1331:
1011:
595:
Some ammunition types are still prohibited under section 5 of the
Firearms Act 1968. Ammunition that explodes on impact or any
475:
hollow-point bullets, recovered after being fired into water. To the left is a bullet of the same type that has not been fired.
323:
Jackets that are thinner near the front than the rear to allow easy expansion at the beginning, then a reduced expansion rate.
1369:
1154:
346:
V-Max bullet). The plastic insert initiates the expansion of the bullet by being forced into the hollow cavity upon impact.
157:
hollow point cartridge, along with unexpanded and expanded bullets. The expanded lead bullet and copper jacket are separated
507:
672:, with a possible start date of 2018, the United States Army began production of M1153 special purpose ammunition for the
1268:
1202:
1106:
1079:
96:
round. Right: Jacketed hollow-point (JHP) round. JSP is a semi-jacketed round as the jacket does not extend to the tip
1324:
clips of several Barnes expanding bullets on impact. The 180 grain .308 bullet shows an ideal mushroom shape in the
1247:
495:
1578:
832:
1544:
1418:
740:
561:
1104:
639:
20:
634:
amongst others, all using hollow-point bullets. Many rimfire calibres also use expanding ammunition such as
703:
389:, because the resulting shape, a widened, rounded nose on top of a cylindrical base, typically resembles a
1552:
962:
342:
Plastic inserts in the hollow, which provide the same profile as a full-metal-jacketed round (such as the
319:
Modern hollow-point bullet designs use many different methods to provide controlled expansion, including:
805:
779:
643:
739:
Winchester's "Black Talon" product name was eventually used against them. After the high-profile 1993
1362:
884:
278:
1171:
1176:
582:
or, in the case of carrying on activities in connection with the management of any estate, other
45:
308:
cartridges. Although such bullet designs were quickly outlawed for use in warfare (in 1898, the
405:, i.e., a portion of the lead-cored bullet is wrapped in a thin layer of harder metal, such as
1428:
924:
729:
451:
398:
207:
201:
663:
from the use of expanding ammunition, and even made special FMJ .22LR ammunition for use in
1448:
1355:
881:"Declaration IV,3 – On the Use of Bullets Which Expand or Flatten Easily in the Human Body"
557:
533:
223:
117:
673:
517:, which is due largely to the reduced risk of bystanders being hit by over-penetrating or
154:
8:
1337:
856:
479:
1231:
Hallinan, Joe (1995-01-29). "Black Talon: much ado about little". Newhouse News
Service.
1105:
W. Hays Parks, Colonel, USMC, Chief of the JAG's
International Law Branch (1985-09-23).
363:
1443:
1423:
1006:
880:
774:
556:
Most ammunition types, including hollow-point bullets, are only allowed to a section 1
503:
113:
1328:, and clearly shows the ripples in the temporary cavity formed by the spinning bullet.
720:
1407:
1325:
1150:
1125:
1056:
677:
664:
565:
483:
282:
177:
93:
833:"An NRA Shooting Sports Journal | Why Are Hollow-Point Rifle Bullets More Accurate?"
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1524:
1496:
1438:
1413:
1399:
669:
418:
385:
329:
Bonding the lead core to the copper jacket to prevent separation and fragmentation.
274:
219:
166:
130:
Federal HST 230gr hollow point cartridge, with two rounds of CCI Standard
Velocity
1534:
627:
623:
204:(BC), are more sensitive to bullet harmonic characteristics and wind deflection.
185:
173:
438:
810:
654:
The United States is one of few major powers that did not agree to IV-3 of the
635:
619:
529:
326:
Partitions in the middle of the bullet core to stop expansion at a given point.
286:
227:
197:
131:
78:
1210:
1110:
755:
under new brand names, the Ranger T-Series and the
Supreme Elite Bonded PDX1.
16:
Empty tipped expanding bullet used for controlled penetration of solid objects
1567:
1528:
1468:
1433:
1083:
744:
332:
Fluted or otherwise weakened jackets to encourage expansion or fragmentation.
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301:
149:
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242:
The first hollow-point bullets were marketed in the late 19th century as
215:
109:
89:
532:, where expanding and any other kind of ammunition is only allowed to a
1511:
1453:
1344:
hollow-point bullets, showing how performance is measured and compared.
769:
684:
659:
596:
142:
1243:
85:
73:
1519:
1491:
1486:
1458:
591:
The shooting of animals for the protection of other animals or humans
1340:
Precision
Shooter, March, 1996. A comparison test of four different
1481:
1476:
1203:"Winchester Ranger Talon (Ranger SXT/Black Talon) Wound Ballistics"
764:
688:
583:
506:, as the prohibition significantly predates those conventions. The
467:
390:
267:
189:
181:
105:
77:
Cross-section of a hollow-point bullet; proportions are those of a
631:
537:
343:
309:
297:
293:
289:
127:
1080:"Transportation and use of hollow point ammunition by sportsmen"
172:
Hollow-point bullets are used for controlled penetration, where
31:
1386:
1341:
695:
607:
579:
514:
447:
406:
379:, the pressure created in the pit forces the material (usually
263:
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193:
100:
1347:
658:, and thus is able to openly admit to the use of this kind of
359:
410:
368:
251:
211:
694:
The United States military uses open-tip ammunition in some
615:
573:
482:
testing of hollow point bullets are generally performed in
380:
248:
433:
1209:. Firearms Tactical Institute. 1998-03-01. Archived from
611:
909:
U.S. Social
Security orders 174,000 hollow-point bullets
599:
that is intended for military use are examples of this.
123:
922:
603:
138:
1026:"Army to consider hollow point bullets for new pistol"
857:"Hollow Point Bullet - A Guide For First Time Buyers"
196:. They are more accurate and predictable compared to
1052:"M1152 & M1153: The Army's New 9 mm Luger Loads"
19:"Hollow point" redirects here. For other uses, see
1338:Premium Rifle Bullets: Who Wins The Toughest Test?
1565:
1195:
1172:"MotherJones SO93: This bullet kills you better"
1064:(5). National Rifle Association of America: 65.
498:of 1899, Declaration III, prohibited the use in
1332:History of commercial hollow-point bullet molds
1107:"Memorandum: Sniper Use of Open-Tip Ammunition"
956:"Hertfordshire Constabulary Firearms Licensing"
709:
285:and later jacketed hollow-point bullets at the
254:. Originally intended for rifles, the popular
1363:
521:, and the increased speed of incapacitation.
375:When a hollow-point hunting bullet strikes a
145:round, complete cartridge and expanded bullet
1130:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1163:
1072:
687:bans possession of hollow point bullets by
1370:
1356:
1241:
1147:Guns In American Society: An Encyclopedia
1082:. New Jersey State Police. Archived from
1018:
1230:
1169:
873:
749:American College of Emergency Physicians
719:
698:rifles due to its exceptional accuracy.
466:
432:
358:
148:
137:
122:
99:
84:
72:
56:of all important aspects of the article.
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948:
830:
1566:
1294:"Winchester Supreme Elite Bonded PDX1"
1144:
52:Please consider expanding the lead to
1351:
1049:
803:
1224:
945:
799:
797:
795:
724:Detail image of a Black Talon bullet
508:Saint Petersburg Declaration of 1868
25:
1068:from the original on 23 April 2019.
13:
1170:Petersen, Julie (September 1993).
1032:from the original on 7 August 2016
300:around 1890. Designs included the
14:
1590:
1315:
988:Centerfire Cartridge Fundamentals
934:. Federal Bureau of Investigation
806:"Hollowpoints: Myths & Facts"
792:
551:
649:
266:calibers could also be fired in
30:
1377:
1286:
1275:from the original on 2011-10-05
1261:
1250:from the original on 2006-11-14
1235:
1184:from the original on 2007-03-12
1138:
1043:
891:from the original on 2010-12-18
200:which, despite having a higher
44:may be too short to adequately
994:
979:
916:
902:
849:
837:An NRA Shooting Sports Journal
824:
741:101 California Street shooting
489:
54:provide an accessible overview
1:
831:Association, National Rifle.
785:
640:.22 Winchester Magnum Rimfire
602:Popular calibres used in the
588:The humane killing of animals
312:complained they breached the
214:) bullet meant to confer the
21:Hollow point (disambiguation)
1296:. Winchester. Archived from
1269:"Winchester Ranger T-Series"
710:Winchester Black Talon scare
704:full metal jacket ammunition
354:
188:, they are used for greater
7:
804:Jones, Allan (2016-07-15).
758:
428:
10:
1595:
1334:, going back to the 1890s.
1145:Carter, Gregg Lee (2002).
932:Office of Justice Programs
780:List of handgun cartridges
713:
644:.17 Hornady Magnum Rimfire
544:with ammunition that does
462:
233:
18:
1543:
1510:
1467:
1385:
536:holder, it is illegal to
306:.455" Mk III "Manstopper"
230:of hollow-point bullets.
94:Jacketed soft-point (JSP)
1242:Jeff Chan (1995-03-27).
1149:. ABC-CLIO. p. 64.
885:Hague Convention of 1899
656:Hague Convention of 1899
618:control are as follows:
528:, even ones such as the
302:.303" Mk III, IV & V
1579:Paramilitary cartridges
1050:Keefe, Mark A. (2019).
572:The lawful shooting of
134:for comparison purposes
104:Various hollow points:
725:
476:
442:
437:An expanded 124-grain
372:
371:before coming to rest.
208:Plastic-tipped bullets
158:
146:
135:
120:
97:
82:
1012:The National Archives
723:
665:High Standard pistols
500:international warfare
470:
452:ballistic coefficient
441:jacketed hollow-point
436:
362:
202:ballistic coefficient
152:
141:
126:
103:
88:
76:
1086:on 17 September 2013
558:firearms certificate
534:Firearms certificate
423:controlled expansion
224:very-low-drag bullet
118:.44 Remington Magnum
1300:on October 10, 2011
911:. World – CBC News
480:Terminal ballistics
273:With the advent of
180:(such as aboard an
163:hollow-point bullet
114:.44 S&W Special
1444:Total metal jacket
1207:Tactical Briefs #2
1007:legislation.gov.uk
775:Hollow-base bullet
726:
519:ricocheted bullets
504:Geneva Conventions
477:
443:
373:
222:(for example, see
192:due to the larger
159:
147:
136:
121:
98:
83:
1561:
1560:
1419:Full metal jacket
1326:ballistic gelatin
1156:978-1-57607-268-4
1057:American Rifleman
678:collateral damage
674:9×19mm Parabellum
566:Firearms Act 1968
562:full metal jacket
540:certain types of
484:ballistic gelatin
283:soft-point bullet
279:full metal jacket
218:advantage of the
178:collateral damage
71:
70:
1586:
1525:Smokeless powder
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1109:. Archived from
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961:. Archived from
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732:introduced the "
578:The shooting of
496:Hague Convention
364:6.5×55mm Swedish
275:smokeless powder
167:expanding bullet
66:
63:
57:
34:
26:
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1244:"Letter to CNN"
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1002:"Deer Act 1991"
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861:Bulk Cheap Ammo
855:
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841:
839:
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816:
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793:
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728:In early 1992,
718:
712:
652:
628:.308 Winchester
624:.243 Winchester
554:
492:
465:
431:
357:
244:express bullets
236:
210:are a type of (
198:pointed bullets
186:target shooting
174:overpenetration
67:
61:
58:
51:
39:This article's
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1316:External links
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1271:. Winchester.
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887:. 1899-06-29.
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811:Shooting Times
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714:Main article:
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636:.22 Long Rifle
620:.223 Remington
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552:United Kingdom
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530:United Kingdom
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228:stopping power
220:Spitzer bullet
92:rounds. Left:
79:.22 Long Rifle
69:
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48:the key points
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1213:on 2008-01-20
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986:Chuck Hawks.
982:
968:on 2011-09-26
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925:"113821NCJRS"
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700:W. Hays Parks
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1553:Boxer primer
1404:Hollow point
1403:
1302:. Retrieved
1298:the original
1288:
1277:. Retrieved
1263:
1252:. Retrieved
1246:. RKBA.org.
1237:
1226:
1215:. Retrieved
1211:the original
1206:
1197:
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1177:Mother Jones
1175:
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1111:the original
1100:
1088:. Retrieved
1084:the original
1074:
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1034:. Retrieved
1020:
1014:, 1991 c. 54
1005:
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987:
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970:. Retrieved
963:the original
936:. Retrieved
931:
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875:
864:. Retrieved
860:
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840:. Retrieved
836:
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809:
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545:
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512:
499:
493:
478:
471:Three fired
457:
444:
439:9×19mm Luger
422:
402:
401:rifles, are
395:
384:
374:
318:
272:
243:
241:
237:
206:
176:could cause
171:
162:
160:
62:January 2022
59:
43:
41:lead section
1424:Hollow-base
1379:Handloading
1090:3 September
734:Black Talon
716:Black Talon
490:Legislation
473:.22 caliber
446:called the
386:mushrooming
377:soft target
314:Laws of War
216:aerodynamic
143:.40 S&W
110:.38 Special
90:.357 Magnum
1568:Categories
1512:Propellant
1408:Soft point
1304:2011-10-25
1279:2011-10-25
1254:2007-03-17
1217:2007-03-17
1188:2007-03-17
1117:2007-03-17
1036:2015-10-23
972:2011-08-03
938:2021-08-26
895:2010-12-16
866:2024-09-05
842:2023-09-27
817:2023-09-27
786:References
770:Hydra-Shok
730:Winchester
685:New Jersey
660:ammunition
597:ammunition
415:mild steel
399:centerfire
336:expanding.
226:) and the
1520:Gunpowder
1492:Rock salt
1487:Flechette
1459:Wadcutter
1414:Frangible
1400:Expanding
689:civilians
670:side arms
355:Mechanism
268:revolvers
81:cartridge
46:summarize
1482:Buckshot
1477:Birdshot
1273:Archived
1248:Archived
1182:Archived
1126:cite web
1066:Archived
1030:Archived
889:Archived
765:Gold Dot
759:See also
584:wildlife
548:expand.
524:In many
429:Accuracy
403:jacketed
391:mushroom
304:and the
298:Calcutta
190:accuracy
182:aircraft
106:.45 Auto
1574:Bullets
1439:Spitzer
632:.22-250
463:Testing
344:Hornady
310:Germans
296:, near
294:Dum Dum
290:arsenal
287:British
234:History
128:.45 ACP
1545:Primer
1531:, etc)
1387:Bullet
1342:.30-06
1153:
696:sniper
608:vermin
580:vermin
515:police
448:meplat
407:copper
350:round)
264:.44-40
262:, and
260:.38-40
256:.32-20
194:meplat
184:). In
132:.22 LR
1497:Sabot
966:(PDF)
959:(PDF)
928:(PDF)
421:. In
413:, or
411:brass
369:moose
252:alloy
212:rifle
1502:Slug
1395:Cast
1151:ISBN
1132:link
1092:2013
642:and
616:deer
614:and
606:for
574:deer
542:game
538:hunt
494:The
419:bore
381:lead
249:lead
1454:Wax
1062:167
743:in
612:fox
546:not
292:in
155:9mm
1570::
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