48:
440:
137:
117:
464:. His rival Boqor Osman would sign a similar agreement vis-a-vis his own Sultanate the following year. Both rulers had signed the protectorate treaties to advance their own expansionist objectives. In signing the agreements, the rulers also hoped to exploit the rival objectives of the European imperial powers so as to more effectively assure the continued independence of their territories.
55:
409:
exerted a strong centralized authority during its existence, and possessed all of the organs and trappings of an integrated modern state: a functioning bureaucracy, a hereditary nobility, titled aristocrats, a state flag, as well as a professional army. Both sultanates also maintained written records
389:
By the late 19th century, the
Imamate began to decline. At the start of Colonialism in Somalia in 1884, shortly after the Berlin Conference, a young ambitious rebel called Sultan Kenadiid of the Majeerteen, with the help of the British, managed to conquer Hobyo and established The Kingdom of Hobyo in
372:
included the production of sorghum and beans, supplementing with herds of camels, cattle, goats and sheep. Livestock, hides and skin, whilst the aromatic woods and raisins were the primary exports as rice, other foodstuffs and clothes were imported. Merchants looking for exotic goods came to Hobyo to
1078:
Early in 1885 Great
Britain concluded separate protective treaties with all the Somali tribes now living under her protection, except the Warsangeli, who concluded a treaty in 1886, and the Dolbahanta, with whom no treaty has been
455:
In the late 19th century, all extant Somali monarchs entered into treaties with one of the colonial powers, Abyssinia, Britain or Italy except the
Dhulbahante. Likewise, in late 1888, Sultan Kenadid entered into a treaty with the
360:
branch who is believed to have been the first born. Once established, the
Imamate ruled the territories from the Shabeelle valley, the Benaadir provinces, the Mareeg areas all the way to the arid lands of
487:, the heir apparent to his throne. However, unlike the southern territories, the northern sultanates were not subject to direct rule due to the earlier treaties they had signed with the Italians.
381:
further boosted the prosperity of Hobyo, as more and more ships made their way down the Somali coast and stopped in Hobyo to trade and replenish their supplies.
1322:
814:
In August 2019, Qatar initiated a project to build the port of Hobyo as part of the development agreements signed between
Somalia and Qatar in December 2018.
1189:
337:
was a powerful alliance of closely related groups who shared a common lineage under the
Gorgaarte clan divisions. It successfully revolted against the
1268:
941:
500:
1403:
883:
79:
1293:
377:
river were brought to Hobyo for trade. Also, the increasing importance and rapid settlement of more southerly cities such as
1373:
973:
The Imam of Hiraab is a hereditary position that traditionally is held by a person of the first-born branch, the
Mudulod.
161:
149:
1388:
1135:
467:
However, the relationship between Hobyo and Italy soured when Sultan
Kenadid refused the Italians' proposal to allow a
1357:
1222:"Istanbul conference on Somalia 21 – 23 May 2010 - Draft discussion paper for Round Table "Transport infrastructure""
47:
823:
319:, "the Imam of Hiraab is a hereditary position that traditionally is held by a person of the first-born branch."
283:, "the Imam of Hawiye is a hereditary position that traditionally is held by a person of the first-born branch."
1336:
999:
417:'s goal was to seize control of the neighboring Majeerteen Sultanate, which was then ruled by his cousin Boqor
129:
1196:
471:
contingent of troops to disembark in his
Sultanate so that they might then pursue their battle against the
961:
436:
and a group of devoted lieutenants. With their assistance, he managed to establish a sultanate in 1884.
341:
and established an independent rule for at least two centuries from the seventeen hundreds and onwards.
1398:
1246:
989:
1221:
402:
475:. Viewed as too much of a threat by the Italians, Sultan Kenadid was eventually exiled to
8:
903:
The shaping of Somali society: reconstructing the history of a pastoral people, 1600-1900
421:. However, he was unsuccessful in this endeavor, and was eventually forced into exile in
957:
468:
457:
444:
406:
398:
316:
280:
1393:
1353:
1332:
1131:
1055:
995:
484:
426:
414:
394:
276:
373:
buy textiles, precious metals and pearls. The commercial goods harvested along the
496:
439:
338:
312:
268:
216:
1347:
1326:
1125:
1040:
833:
237:
229:
1172:
315:
and established an independent Hiraab
Imamate According to Bernhard Helander of
271:
who had been ruling Hobyo since the 13th century and established an independent
789:
334:
327:
272:
166:
1151:
1382:
838:
808:
472:
418:
301:
260:
94:
81:
1176:
884:"Dhageyso Gudoomiyaha Hobyo oo ka Hadlay Shabaabka u dhow magaalada Hobyo…"
461:
345:
430:
369:
843:
433:
378:
353:
207:
1328:
The Collapse of the Somali State: The Impact of the Colonial Legacy
848:
374:
357:
245:
142:
1152:"Climate: Hobyo - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table"
983:
981:
1190:"Regions, districts, and their populations: Somalia 2005 (draft)"
949:
863:
801:
788:
Hobyo has a population of around 11,800 inhabitants. The broader
480:
448:
349:
253:
122:
1269:"Qatar Plans to Build New Port in Central Somalia Town of Hobyo"
1030:, Volumes 11-12, (Michigan State University Press: 1989), p.32.
1017:, Volume 15, Issues 1-4, (Horn of Africa Journal: 1997), p.130.
978:
953:
828:
308:
297:
264:
212:
858:
853:
422:
362:
249:
154:
476:
344:
The alliance involved the army leaders and advisors of the
291:
1294:"Qatar launches construction work in central Somalia port"
1045:. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1986. p. 34.
425:. A decade later, in the 1880s, Kenadid returned from the
919:
917:
915:
913:
911:
263:
during the 13th century. In the late 17th century the
908:
1349:
Divine madness: Moḥammed ʻAbdulle Ḥassan (1856-1920)
1026:Michigan State University. African Studies Center,
807:For air transportation, the city is served by the
905:, (University of Pennsylvania Press: 1982), p.75.
1380:
1144:
1105:
1084:
300:, Hobyo developed as a coastal outpost by the
259:Hobyo was founded as a coastal outpost by the
897:
895:
893:
792:has a total population of 67,249 residents.
1345:
1127:Governance: The Scourge and Hope of Somalia
1111:
1321:
1090:
935:
933:
890:
939:
438:
410:of their activities, which still exist.
333:"According to local oral tradition, the
292:Ajuuran Empire and Hiraab Imamate period
1346:Sheik-ʻAbdi, ʻAbdi ʻAbdulqadir (1993).
1117:
1096:
1071:
1042:Sub-Saharan Africa Report, Issues 57-67
987:
930:
368:The agricultural centres of Eldher and
1381:
1130:. Trafford Publishing. p. xxiii.
1123:
393:From 1900 to 1910, Hobyo was ruled by
307:However, in the late 17th century the
1239:
1214:
1182:
1166:
1033:
384:
326:provides a historical picture of the
994:. Europa Publications. p. 378.
988:Lea, David; Rowe, Annamarie (2001).
356:, and the Imam was reserved for the
1404:Populated coastal places in Somalia
1049:
1020:
233:
13:
1173:Somalia City & Town Population
1008:
311:successfully revolted against the
267:successfully revolted against the
14:
1415:
1367:
940:Bernhard, Helander (1994-01-19).
795:
429:on a British ship with a band of
991:A Political Chronology of Africa
776:, altitude: 3 metres or 10 feet
135:
115:
53:
46:
1315:
1286:
1261:
1065:
824:Piracy off the coast of Somalia
783:
876:
460:, making his realm an Italian
244:), is an ancient port city in
186: • Mayor (Gudoomiye)
16:Port city in Galmudug, Somalia
1:
1062:, (The Division: 1993), p.10.
925:The shaping of Somali society
869:
702:Average rainfall mm (inches)
324:The Shaping of Somali society
54:
7:
1331:. London: Haan Associates.
1124:Ismail, Ismail Ali (2010).
817:
632:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
562:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
322:Lee Cassanelli in his book
248:state in the north-central
10:
1420:
1179:. Retrieved on 2011-12-15.
771:
512:
490:
286:
1389:Populated places in Mudug
1102:The Majeerteen Sultanates
1072:Jardine, Douglas (1923).
1028:Northeast African studies
956:: Dr. Bernhard Helander,
701:
631:
561:
556:
553:
550:
547:
544:
541:
538:
535:
532:
529:
526:
523:
520:
517:
304:during the 13th century.
206:
198:
193:
185:
177:
172:
160:
148:
128:
110:
75:
41:
34:
24:
19:City in Galmudug, Somalia
1323:Issa-Salwe, Abdisalam M.
1074:Mad Mullah of Somaliland
1060:Somalia: a country study
1227:. Government of Somalia
927:, Philadelphia, 1982.
804:which serves the town.
513:Climate data for Hobyo
1195:. UNDP. Archived from
452:
241:
1249:. World Airport Codes
1247:"Obbia Airport (CMO)"
479:in Yemen and then to
442:
401:in 1884. As with the
403:Majeerteen Sultanate
397:who established the
95:5.35139°N 48.52556°E
1298:Middle East Monitor
946:Somalia News Update
942:"The Hiraab Treaty"
923:Lee V. Cassanelli,
901:Lee V. Cassanelli,
886:. 24 February 2017.
91: /
67:Location in Somalia
1154:. Climate-Data.org
958:Uppsala University
453:
445:Sultanate of Hobyo
407:Sultanate of Hobyo
399:Sultanate of Hobyo
385:Sultanate of Hobyo
352:, a Fiqhi/Qadi of
317:Uppsala University
281:Uppsala University
199: • Total
189:Abdulahi Ali Fatax
1112:Sheik-ʻAbdi (1993
1056:Helen Chapin Metz
780:
779:
483:, as was his son
427:Arabian Peninsula
415:Ali Yusuf Kenadid
395:Yusuf Ali Kenadid
277:Bernhard Helander
223:
222:
178: • Type
100:5.35139; 48.52556
1411:
1399:Ajuran Sultanate
1363:
1342:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1226:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1201:
1194:
1186:
1180:
1170:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1121:
1115:
1109:
1103:
1100:
1094:
1091:Issa-Salwe (1996
1088:
1082:
1081:
1069:
1063:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1037:
1031:
1024:
1018:
1012:
1006:
1005:
985:
976:
975:
970:
969:
960:. Archived from
937:
928:
921:
906:
899:
888:
887:
880:
774:Climate-Data.org
510:
509:
497:hot arid climate
339:Ajuran Sultanate
313:Ajuran Sultanate
269:Ajuran Sultanate
235:
181:District Council
141:
139:
138:
121:
119:
118:
106:
105:
103:
102:
101:
96:
92:
89:
88:
87:
84:
57:
56:
50:
22:
21:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1409:
1408:
1379:
1378:
1370:
1360:
1339:
1318:
1313:
1312:
1302:
1300:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1277:
1275:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1252:
1250:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1205:
1203:
1202:on 28 July 2017
1199:
1192:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1171:
1167:
1157:
1155:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1138:
1122:
1118:
1110:
1106:
1101:
1097:
1089:
1085:
1070:
1066:
1054:
1050:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1025:
1021:
1013:
1009:
1002:
986:
979:
967:
965:
938:
931:
922:
909:
900:
891:
882:
881:
877:
872:
820:
798:
786:
781:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
493:
387:
294:
289:
275:. According to
136:
134:
116:
114:
99:
97:
93:
90:
85:
82:
80:
78:
77:
71:
70:
69:
68:
65:
64:
63:
62:
58:
37:
30:
27:
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1417:
1407:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1377:
1376:
1374:Hobyo, Somalia
1369:
1368:External links
1366:
1365:
1364:
1358:
1343:
1337:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1285:
1260:
1238:
1213:
1181:
1165:
1143:
1137:978-1426983740
1136:
1116:
1104:
1095:
1083:
1064:
1048:
1032:
1019:
1015:Horn of Africa
1007:
1000:
977:
929:
907:
889:
874:
873:
871:
868:
867:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
819:
816:
797:
796:Transportation
794:
790:Hobyo District
785:
782:
778:
777:
769:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
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699:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
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633:
629:
628:
623:
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598:
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588:
583:
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559:
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543:
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537:
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531:
528:
525:
522:
519:
515:
514:
508:
492:
489:
473:Dervish forces
386:
383:
335:Hiraab imamate
328:Hiraab Imamate
293:
290:
288:
285:
273:Hiraab Imamate
221:
220:
210:
204:
203:
200:
196:
195:
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187:
183:
182:
179:
175:
174:
170:
169:
164:
158:
157:
152:
146:
145:
132:
130:Regional State
126:
125:
112:
108:
107:
73:
72:
66:
60:
59:
52:
51:
45:
44:
43:
42:
39:
38:
35:
32:
31:
28:
25:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1416:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1361:
1359:0-86232-444-0
1355:
1352:. Zed Books.
1351:
1350:
1344:
1340:
1334:
1330:
1329:
1324:
1320:
1319:
1299:
1295:
1289:
1274:
1270:
1264:
1248:
1242:
1223:
1217:
1198:
1191:
1185:
1178:
1174:
1169:
1153:
1147:
1139:
1133:
1129:
1128:
1120:
1113:
1108:
1099:
1092:
1087:
1080:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1044:
1043:
1036:
1029:
1023:
1016:
1011:
1003:
997:
993:
992:
984:
982:
974:
964:on 2007-02-24
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
936:
934:
926:
920:
918:
916:
914:
912:
904:
898:
896:
894:
885:
879:
875:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
839:Damo, Somalia
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
821:
815:
812:
810:
809:Obbia Airport
805:
803:
793:
791:
775:
770:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
700:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
630:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
560:
516:
511:
507:
505:
502:
498:
488:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
465:
463:
459:
450:
446:
441:
437:
435:
432:
428:
424:
420:
419:Osman Mahamud
416:
411:
408:
404:
400:
396:
391:
382:
380:
376:
371:
366:
364:
359:
355:
351:
347:
342:
340:
336:
331:
330:. He writes:
329:
325:
320:
318:
314:
310:
305:
303:
302:Ajuran Empire
299:
284:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
261:Ajuran Empire
257:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
231:
227:
218:
214:
211:
209:
205:
201:
197:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
171:
168:
165:
163:
159:
156:
153:
151:
147:
144:
133:
131:
127:
124:
113:
109:
104:
76:Coordinates:
74:
49:
40:
33:
23:
1348:
1327:
1316:Bibliography
1301:. Retrieved
1297:
1288:
1276:. Retrieved
1272:
1263:
1253:18 September
1251:. Retrieved
1241:
1229:. Retrieved
1216:
1206:21 September
1204:. Retrieved
1197:the original
1184:
1168:
1158:25 September
1156:. Retrieved
1146:
1126:
1119:
1107:
1098:
1086:
1077:
1073:
1067:
1059:
1051:
1041:
1035:
1027:
1022:
1014:
1010:
990:
972:
966:. Retrieved
962:the original
945:
924:
902:
878:
813:
806:
800:Hobyo has a
799:
787:
784:Demographics
773:
503:
495:Hobyo has a
494:
466:
462:protectorate
454:
412:
392:
388:
367:
343:
332:
323:
321:
306:
295:
258:
225:
224:
413:Initially,
346:Habar Gidir
296:Along with
98: /
1383:Categories
1338:187420991X
1001:1857431162
968:2009-03-31
870:References
434:musketeers
370:Harardhere
252:region of
194:Population
173:Government
86:48°31′32″E
1303:20 August
1278:19 August
1273:Bloomberg
1231:31 August
1177:Tageo.com
844:Gondershe
485:Ali Yusuf
451:and fort.
379:Mogadishu
354:Sheekhaal
208:Time zone
83:5°21′05″N
1394:Galmudug
1325:(1996).
849:Sarapion
818:See also
772:Source:
458:Italians
431:Hadhrami
375:Shabelle
358:Mudulood
246:Galmudug
162:District
143:Galmudug
1093::34–35)
1058:, ed.,
950:Uppsala
864:Mosylon
802:seaport
697:(73.2)
692:(72.7)
687:(73.6)
682:(73.6)
677:(72.0)
672:(71.2)
667:(71.1)
662:(72.9)
657:(75.4)
652:(76.3)
647:(74.8)
642:(73.0)
637:(71.8)
627:(87.0)
622:(86.7)
617:(88.5)
612:(86.4)
607:(84.6)
602:(83.7)
597:(84.0)
592:(85.8)
587:(89.2)
582:(92.5)
577:(89.6)
572:(87.1)
567:(85.5)
491:Climate
481:Eritrea
469:British
449:cavalry
350:Duduble
287:History
254:Somalia
123:Somalia
111:Country
1356:
1335:
1134:
998:
954:Sweden
829:Essina
762:(0.8)
757:(1.5)
752:(1.3)
732:(0.2)
727:(2.1)
722:(0.6)
717:(0.3)
712:(0.0)
707:(0.2)
518:Month
501:Köppen
405:, the
390:1884.
309:Hiraab
298:Mareeg
265:Hiraab
238:Somali
230:Arabic
202:11,800
150:Region
140:
120:
1225:(PDF)
1200:(PDF)
1193:(PDF)
1114::129)
1079:made.
859:Malao
854:Opone
834:Nikon
557:Year
423:Yemen
363:Mudug
250:Mudug
242:Hobyo
234:هوبيو
226:Hobyo
213:UTC+3
167:Hobyo
155:Mudug
61:Hobyo
29:هوبيو
26:Hobyo
1354:ISBN
1333:ISBN
1305:2019
1280:2019
1255:2013
1233:2013
1208:2013
1160:2017
1132:ISBN
996:ISBN
767:(7)
747:(0)
742:(0)
737:(0)
695:22.9
690:22.6
685:23.1
680:23.1
675:22.2
670:21.8
665:21.7
660:22.7
655:24.1
650:24.6
645:23.8
640:22.8
635:22.1
625:30.5
620:30.4
615:31.4
610:30.2
605:29.2
600:28.7
595:28.9
590:29.9
585:31.8
580:33.6
575:32.0
570:30.6
565:29.7
554:Dec
551:Nov
548:Oct
545:Sep
542:Aug
539:Jul
536:Jun
533:May
530:Apr
527:Mar
524:Feb
521:Jan
477:Aden
443:The
348:and
36:city
765:180
506:).
504:BWh
447:'s
279:of
217:EAT
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980:^
971:.
952:,
948:.
944:.
932:^
910:^
892:^
811:.
760:20
755:39
750:34
725:53
720:15
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1004:.
745:0
740:0
735:0
730:6
715:8
710:1
705:4
499:(
228:(
219:)
215:(
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