History of tea - Knowledge

1486:, p. 4 "For a long time, botanists have asserted the dualism of tea origin from their observations that there exist distinct differences in the morphological characteristics between Assamese varieties and Chinese varieties. Hashimoto and Shimura report that the differences in the morphological characteristics in tea plants are not necessarily the evidence of the dualism hypothesis from the researches using the statistical cluster analysis method. In recent investigations, it has also been made clear that both varieties have the same chromosome number (2n=30) and can be easily hybridized with each other. In addition, various types of intermediate hybrids or spontaneous polyploids of tea plants have been found in a wide area extending over the regions mentioned above. These facts may prove that the place of origin of 378:, who stated, "to drink bitter t'u constantly makes one think better." Another possible early reference to tea is found in a letter written by the Qin dynasty general Liu Kun. However, before the mid-8th century Tang dynasty, tea-drinking was primarily a southern Chinese practice. It became widely popular during the Tang dynasty, when it was spread to Korea, Japan, and Vietnam. During the Tang dynasty in China, tea was prepared differently than it is today. Instead of steeping tea leaves in hot water, the tea was boiled with various ingredients such as ginger, onions, and spices to create a savory broth. It was not until the Song dynasty that the practice of steeping tea leaves in hot water became popular. 76: 1213:

end of the 17th century was taken as an all-purpose drink, albeit mainly by the elite, as it was expensive. Tea was traded in significant amounts by the 18th century, when tea was being sold by grocers and tea shops in London. By the 1720s black tea overtook green tea in popularity as the price dropped, and early on British drinkers began adding sugar and milk to tea, a practice that was not done in China. By the 1720s European maritime trade with China was dominated by exchange of silver for tea. As prices continued to drop, tea became increasingly popular and by 1750 had become the British national drink. A fungus reduced

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monkeys pick tea. According to this legend, the villagers stand below the monkeys and taunt them. The monkeys, in turn, become angry, and grab handfuls of tea leaves and throw them at the villagers. There are products sold today that claim to be harvested in this manner, but no reliable commentators have observed this firsthand, and most doubt that it happened at all. For many hundreds of years the commercially used tea tree has been, in shape, more of a bush than a tree. "Monkey picked tea" is more likely a name of certain varieties than a description of how it was obtained.

1417: 1153: 161: 774: 276:, and written records suggest that it may have been drunk earlier. People of the Han dynasty used tea as medicine (though the first use of tea as a stimulant is unknown). China is considered to have the earliest records of tea consumption, with possible records dating back to the 10th century BC. Note however that the current word for tea in Chinese only came into use in the 8th century AD, there are therefore uncertainties as to whether the older words used are the same as tea. The word 1244:'s request for trade in 1793: "Our Celestial Empire possesses all things in prolific abundance and lacks no product within its borders. There is therefore no need to import the manufactures of outside barbarians in exchange for our own produce." Tea had to be paid in silver bullion, and critics of the tea trade at this time would point to the damage caused to Britain's wealth by this loss of bullion. As a way to generate the silver needed as payment for tea, Britain began exporting 577: 506:, production and preparation of all tea changed. The tea included many loose-leaf styles (to preserve the delicate character favored by court society), and it is the origin of today's loose teas and the practice of brewed tea. A powdered form of tea also emerged. Steaming tea leaves was the primary process used for centuries in the preparation of tea. After the transition from compressed tea to the powdered form, the production of tea for trade and distribution changed once again. 1018: 1042:. Most of the Indian tea garden owners have focused on exports to markets like Europe and Russia, while very few have focused on building their own brands such as Makaibari, Dharmsala Tea Company, and a few others. While India is the largest consumer of tea worldwide, the per-capita consumption of tea in India remains a modest 750 grams per person annually. Recently consumption of green tea has seen a great upsurge across the cities, and regions such as 4705: 388:. Legend has it that master Lao was saddened by society's moral decay, and sensing that the end of the dynasty was near, he journeyed westward to the unsettled territories, never to be seen again. While passing along the nation's border, he encountered and was offered tea by a customs inspector named Yin Hsi. Yin Hsi encouraged him to compile his teachings into a single book so that future generations might benefit from his wisdom. This became known as the 1053: 510: 1083: 920: 736:, which is an unfermented form of green tea. It is the most popular form of tea in Japan today. The name can be confusing because sencha is no longer simmered. While sencha is currently prepared by steeping the leaves in hot water, this was not always the case. Sencha was originally prepared by casting the leaves into a cauldron and simmering briefly. The liquid would then be ladled into bowls and served. In 1835, Kahei Yamamoto developed 936: 835: 152:, tea drinking likely began in Yunnan province during the 2nd millennium BC as a medicinal drink. From there, the drink spread to Sichuan, and it is believed that there "for the first time, people began to boil tea leaves for consumption into a concentrated liquid without the addition of other leaves or herbs, thereby using tea as a bitter yet stimulating drink, rather than as a medicinal concoction." 569: 1320:. Tea consumption sharply decreased in America during and after the Revolution, when many Americans switched from drinking tea to drinking coffee, considering tea drinking to be unpatriotic. The American specialty tea market quadrupled in the years from 1993 to 2008, now being worth $ 6.8 billion a year. Specialty tea houses and retailers also started to pop up during this period. 802:(1392–1910), the royal Yi family and the aristocracy used tea for simple rites. The "Day Tea Rite" was a common daytime ceremony, whereas the "Special Tea Rite" was reserved for specific occasions. Toward the end of the Joseon dynasty, commoners joined the trend and used tea for ancestral rites, following the Chinese example based on Zhu Xi's text formalities of family. 685:, was written by Eisai. The two-volume book was written in 1211 after his second and last visit to China. The first sentence states, "Tea is the ultimate mental and medical remedy and has the ability to make one's life more full and complete." Eisai was also instrumental in introducing tea consumption to the warrior class, which rose to political prominence after the 241: 1431:

plantations started by the British were initially taken over by the government in the 1960s but have been privatized and are now run by plantation companies which own a few estates or tea plantations each. Ceylon tea is divided into 3 groups as Upcountry, Mid country and Low country tea based on the geography of the land on which it is grown.

67:. Due to the tea leaves being transported by train/road for extended periods of time, the tea leaves fermented and as a result many in the West believed fermented tea is the preferred method of consumption in China. This also contributes to why fermented (black) tea is the most consumed tea in the West. 1013:

into India in 1836 and into Ceylon (Sri Lanka) in 1867. At first they used seeds from China, but later seeds from the clonal Assam plant were used." Only black tea was produced until recent decades mostly in India, except in Kangra (present-day Himachal Pradesh) which produced green tea for exporting

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Tea production in China, historically, was a laborious process, conducted in distant and often poorly accessible regions. This led to the rise of many apocryphal stories and legends surrounding the harvesting process. For example, one story that has been told for many years is that of a village where

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Sen, Colleen Taylor. p. 26. "Ironically, it was the British who introduced tea drinking to India, initially to anglicized Indians.. tea did not become a mass drink in India until the 1950s when the India Tea Board, faced with a surplus of low-grade tea, launched an advertising campaign to popularize

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Sri Lanka is renowned for its high quality tea and as the fourth biggest tea producing country globally, after China, India and Kenya, and has a production share of 9% in the international sphere. The total extent of land under tea cultivation has been assessed at approximately 187,309 hectares. The

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was drinking a bowl of just boiled water because of a decree that his subjects must boil water before drinking it. Some time around 2737 BC, a few leaves were blown from a nearby tree into his water, changing the color and taste. The emperor took a sip of the brew and was pleasantly surprised by its

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which established bilateral trading ties with Ming dynasty China in the 13th century brought with them a myriad of commodities including tea. Africa has seen greatly increased tea production in recent decades, the great majority for export to Europe and North America respectively, produced on large

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had a long history, the British importation of opium increased fivefold between 1821 and 1837, and usage of the drug became more widespread across Chinese society. The Qing government attitude towards opium, which was often ambivalent, hardened because of the social problems created by drug use and

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acquired tea from 'tea men' who had an elaborate supply chain into the mountains and provinces where tea grew. The East India Company brought back many products, of which tea was just one, which proved one of the most successful. It was initially promoted as a medicinal beverage or tonic but by the

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which were often used as currency, especially further from the center of the empire where coins lost their value. These were made by compressing tea leaves into a dense, round shape that was easy to transport and store. The cakes were valued based on their weight, and they could be traded for other

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to China to purchase and bring out of China tea plants, which were then taken to India. With the exception of a few plants which survived in established Indian gardens, most of the Chinese tea plants Fortune introduced in the north-western provinces of India perished. Due to the British preference

63:. It first became known to the western world through Portuguese priests and merchants in China during the early 16th century. Drinking tea became popular in Britain during the 17th century. In order to compete with the Chinese monopoly on tea, the British introduced commercial tea production to 1264:

While waging war on China was one of Britain's tactics, it also began to use India for growing tea. After tea plants were smuggled out of China, plantations were established in areas such as Darjeeling, Assam, and Ceylon. As an attempt to circumvent its dependence on Chinese tea, the East India

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plant as the first recorded reference of tea use in India. However, scientific studies have shown that the Sanjeevani plant is in fact a different plant and is not related to tea. The Singpho tribe and the Khamti tribe validate that they have been consuming tea since the 12th century. However,

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in 1618. The Russian ambassador tried the drink; he did not care for it and rejected the offer, delaying tea's Russian introduction by fifty years. By 1689, tea was regularly imported from China to Russia via a caravan of hundreds of camels traveling the year-long journey, making it a precious

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Commercial production of tea was first introduced into India by the British, in an attempt to break the Chinese monopoly on tea. The British, using Chinese seeds, plus Chinese planting and cultivating techniques, launched a tea industry by offering land in Assam to any European who agreed to

556:". As a result, tea production shifted from cake tea to loose-leaf tea and processing techniques advanced, giving rise to the more energy efficient methods of pan-firing and sun-drying, which were popular in Jiangnan and Fujian respectively. The last group to adopt loose-leaf tea were the 600:

monks. Tea use spread during the 6th century AD. Tea became a drink of the religious classes in Japan when Japanese priests and envoys, sent to China to learn about its culture, brought tea to Japan. Ancient recordings indicate the first batch of tea seeds were brought by a priest named

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tea drinking was widespread. The book describes how tea plants were grown, the leaves processed, and tea prepared as a beverage. It also describes how tea was evaluated. The book also discusses where the best tea leaves were produced. Teas produced in this period were mainly

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took serious measures to curtail importation of opium in 1838–39. Tea had become an important source of tax revenue for the British Empire, and the banning of the opium trade and thus the creation of funding issues for tea importers was one of the main causes of the

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Canadians were big tea drinkers from the days of British colonisation until the Second World War, when they began drinking more coffee like their American neighbors to the south. During the 1990s, Canadians begun to purchase more specialty teas instead of coffee.

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Stoneware was common, ceramic more frequent, mostly made in provincial kilns, with porcelain rare, imperial porcelain with dragons the rarest. The earliest kinds of tea used in tea ceremonies were heavily pressed cakes of black tea, the equivalent of aged

911:. The first Portuguese ships reached China in 1516, and in 1560 Portuguese missionary Gaspar da Cruz published the first Portuguese account of Chinese tea; in 1565 Portuguese missionary Louis Almeida published the first European account of tea in Japan. 1289:

Tea remained very important in Britain's global trade, contributing in part to Britain's global dominance by the end of the 18th century. To this day tea is seen worldwide as a symbol of 'Britishness', but also to some, as a symbol of old British

209:, accidentally fell asleep after meditating in front of a wall for 9 years. He woke up in such disgust at his weakness that he cut off his eyelids. They fell to the ground and took root, growing into tea bushes. Another version of the story has 2660: 2130:

An Historical Account of the Embassy to the Emperor of China, Undertaken By Order of the King of Great Britain; Including the Manners and Customs of the Inhabitants; and Preceded By an Account of the Causes of the embassy and Voyage to

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flavor and restorative properties. A variant of the legend tells that the emperor tested the medical properties of various herbs on himself, some of them poisonous, and found tea to work as an antidote. Shennong is also mentioned in

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India was the top producer of tea for nearly a century but was displaced by China as the top tea producer in the 21st century. Indian tea companies have acquired a number of iconic foreign tea enterprises including British brands

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from China. Tea was known in France by 1636. It enjoyed a brief period of popularity in Paris around 1648. The history of tea in Russia can also be traced back to the 17th century. Tea was first offered by China as a gift to Czar

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recorded in his diary: "I did send for a cup of tee (a China drink) of which I never had drank before." It is probable that early imports were smuggled via Amsterdam or through sailors arriving on eastern boats. The marriage of

560:, who were reluctant to abandon their refined culture of whisking tea until the invention of oolong tea. By the end of the 16th century, loose-leaf tea had entirely replaced the earlier tradition of cake and powdered tea. 346:

where, among the tasks listed to be undertaken by the youth, "he shall boil tea and fill the utensils" and "he shall buy tea at Wuyang". The first record of cultivation of tea also dated it to this period (Ganlu era of

194:. A similar Chinese legend states that Shennong would chew the leaves, stems, and roots of various plants to discover medicinal herbs. If he consumed a poisonous plant, he would chew tea leaves to counteract the poison. 1101:

and fresh spring water, Lahijan stands to have the largest area of tea cultivation in Iran. "Lahijan Spring Tea" is the best quality tea produced in the country. Tea is cultivated at other cities of Gilan, for example

1282:), it proved more important for the development of production there. However the technology and knowledge that was brought from China was instrumental in the later flourishing of the Indian tea industry in Assam and 1007:, was used everywhere else. The British started commercial tea plantations in India and in Ceylon: "In 1824 tea plants were discovered in the hills along the frontier between Burma and Assam. The British introduced 976:

cultivate tea for export. Tea was originally only consumed by Anglicized Indians; it was not until the 1950s that tea grew widely popular in India through a successful advertising campaign by the India Tea Board.

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was introduced from China in the 15th century by Buddhists as a semi-religious social custom. The modern tea ceremony developed over several centuries by Zen Buddhist monks under the original guidance of the monk

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The Chinese perceiving these dispositions in the monkey took advantage of the propensities of the animal and converted them to life in a domestic state which in that of nature were exerted to their annoyance.

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The Portuguese traders and the Portuguese Jesuit priests, who like Jesuits of every nation busied themselves with the affairs of caffeine, wrote frequently and favorably to compatriots in Europe about tea.

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brought the tea drinking habit to court. Official trade of tea began in 1664 with an import of only two pound two ounces for presentation to the king, which grew to 24 million pounds per year by 1801.

814:. Green tea, "Jakseol(작설, 雀舌)" or "Jungno(죽로, 竹露)", is most often served. However, other teas such as "Byeoksoryeong(벽소령, 碧宵嶺)" Cheonhachun(천하춘, 天下春), Ujeon(우전, 雨前), Okcheon(옥천, 玉泉), as well as native 1327:

In South America, the tea production in Brazil has strong roots because of the country's origins in Portugal, the strong presence of Japanese immigrants, and because of the influences of Argentina's

1183:, charging between 16 and 50 shillings per pound. The same year, tea was listed as an item in the price list in a London coffee house, and the first advertisement for tea appeared in 1658. In 1660 525:

dynasties, unfermented tea leaves were first pan-fried, then rolled and dried. This stops the oxidation process which turns the leaves dark and allows tea to remain green. In the 15th century,

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by 95% in the 19th century, cementing tea's popularity. The escalation of tea importation and sales over the period 1690 to 1750 is mirrored closely by the increase in importation and sales of

2690:, p. 177: "England going to war for the principle of free trade -- in this case the right to sell opium -- and on behalf of "free tradres" determined to see China "opened" to the West.". 2669:, p. 176: "Because the Chinese had declared trafficking in opium illegal, the British were forced to resort to subterfuge ... These precious metals were then used to buy Chinese Tea.". 480: 1510:

Camellia sinensis originated in southeast Asia, specifically around the intersection of 29th parallel and 98th meridian, the point of confluence of the lands of southwest China and Tibet

904:, containing the first European reference to tea, which he calls "Chai Catai"; his accounts were based on second-hand reports in the polities of the Gulf of Aden; Yemen and Somalia. 99:, the point of confluence of the lands of southwest China, Tibet, north Myanmar, and northeast India. The plant was introduced to more than 52 countries, from this centre of origin. 1857: 1229:

converged: the sugar sourced from Britain's trading triangle encompassing Britain, Africa and the West Indies and the tea from the triangle encompassing Britain, India and China.

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I should not like to assert that no tea is gathered on these hills by the agency of chains and monkeys but I think it may be safely affirmed that the quantity in such is small.

2942: 2854: 1575:, p. 29: "beginning in the third century CE, references to tea seem more credible, in particular those dating to the time of Hua T'o, a highly respected physician and surgeon" 755:, by shading tea trees during the weeks leading up to harvesting. By the 20th century, machine manufacturing of green tea was introduced and began replacing handmade tea. 137:

Yunnan province has also been identified as "the birthplace of tea...the first area where humans figured out that eating tea leaves or brewing a cup could be pleasant."

479: 59:, in which tea was consumed as a medicinal drink. An early credible record of tea drinking dates to the 3rd century AD, in a medical text written by Chinese physician 1130:

or "Zhen Zhu Nai Cha" (Mandarin: 珍珠奶茶) is black tea mixed with sweetened condensed milk and tapioca. Since the island was known to Westerners for many centuries as

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records the deposition of a Chinese minister of finance in 1285 for his arbitrary augmentation of the tea taxes. In 1557, Portugal established a trading port in

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Mrs. General Riedesel: Letters and Journals relating to the War of Independence and the Capture of the Troops at Saratoga (translated from the original German)

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The first historical record documenting the offering of tea to an ancestral god describes a rite in 661 AD in which a tea offering was made to the spirit of

1179:—only water with a kind of herb boiled in it". In 1657, Thomas Garway, a "tobacconist and coffee-man" was the first to sell tea in London at his house in 1167:

The first record of tea in English came from a letter written by Richard Wickham, who ran an East India Company office in Japan, writing to a merchant in

862:, and word of the Chinese drink "chá" spread quickly, but there is no mention of them bringing any samples home. In the early 17th century, a ship of the 363:

dynasties, the first 360 leaves of tea grown here were picked each spring and presented to the emperor. Even today its green and yellow teas, such as the

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On morphological differences between the Assam and Chinese varieties, botanists have long asserted a dual botanical origin for tea; however, statistical

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The Chinese learned to process tea in a different way in the mid-13th century. Tea leaves were roasted and then crumbled rather than steamed. By the

4215: 529:, where the tea leaves were allowed to partially ferment before pan-frying, was developed. Western taste, however, preferred the fully oxidized 384:, the classical Chinese philosopher, was said to describe tea as "the froth of the liquid jade" and named it an indispensable ingredient to the 2770: 289:

and other ancient texts to signify a kind of "bitter vegetable" (苦菜), and it is possible that it referred to several different plants, such as

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The Chinese have consumed tea for thousands of years. The earliest physical evidence known to date, found in 2016, comes from the mausoleum of

2969:"Rising tea sales drive profits for beverage chains; Canadian tea drinking outside the home on the increase with spread of DavidsTea, Teavana" 541:

during the Ming dynasty, when apparently sloppy practices allowed the leaves to turn yellow, which yielded a different flavour as a result.

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In 2000, Australia consumed 14,000 tonnes of tea annually. Tea production in Australia remains very small and is primarily in northern

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estates, often owned by tea companies from the export markets. Almost all production is of basic mass-market teas, processed by the

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which were known for their green tea production historically, have seen a resurgence of their green teas in the domestic market.

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alike. Production grew and tea became increasingly accessible, though still a privilege enjoyed mostly by the upper classes. The

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tea. (2008). Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica 2008 Ultimate Reference Suite. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica.

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and fashion for a strong dark tea brew, which was discovered to be best made from the native varieties of tea plant in India

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Portuguese priests and merchants in the 16th century made their first contact with tea in China, at which time it was termed

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prefecture of Yunnan province in China is said to be home to the world's oldest cultivated tea tree, some 3,200 years old.

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in China. However, importation of tea plants by Buddhist monks brought a more delicate series of teas into Korea, and the

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By the time of the Shang dynasty (1766–1050 BC), tea was being consumed in Yunnan Province for its medicinal properties

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dynasty (918–1392) show that tea offerings were made in Buddhist temples to the spirits of revered monks. During the

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writing is said to be found in the statement of an Arabian traveler, that after 879 the main sources of revenue in

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noticed the aboriginal peoples drinking it and called it tea. Today the plant is referred to as the "ti tree".

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The first known reference to boiling tea came from the Han dynasty work "The Contract for a Youth" written by

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Book of Tea By Kakuzō Okakura (pp. 5–6). Published 1964. Courier Dover Publications. Sociology. 94 pages.

714:. In fact, both the beverage and the ceremony surrounding it played a prominent role in feudal diplomacy. 4266: 4233: 2888: 1425: 1059: 3070: 3782: 985: 1381:

opened the first tea shop in Australia in Queensland. In 1899, Bushell's sons moved the enterprise to

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in 1788. In 1884, the Cutten brothers established the first commercial tea plantation in Australia in

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Regular trade began in Canton (now Guangzhou), where it was controlled by two monopolies: the Chinese

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is in the area including Yunnan, and Sichuan districts of China, and the northern part of the Burma."

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encouraged the growth of tea plants. Seeds were imported from China, and cultivation in Japan began.

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culture. Brazil had a big tea production until the 1980s, but it has weakened in the past decades.

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Through colonisation by the British, tea was introduced to Australia. In fact, tea was aboard the

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Taiwan is famous for the making of oolong tea and green tea, as well as many western-styled teas.

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Plant-hunting in China: A History of Botanical Exploration in China and the Tibetan Marches

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emperors as early as the 2nd century BC. The samples were identified as tea from the genus

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Prior to the British, the plant may have been used for medicinal purposes. Some cite the

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Green tea became a staple among cultured people in Japan—a brew for the gentry and the

664:. Some of the tea seeds were given to the priest Myoe Shonin, and became the basis for 433: 364: 190: 96: 48: 1312:

The drinking of tea in the United States was largely influenced by the passage of the

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and began selling tea commercially, founding Australia's first commercial tea seller

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The Pioneers: Early British Tea and Coffee Planters and Their Way of Life, 1825-1900

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spreads across multiple cultures over the span of thousands of years. The tea plant

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Ahuja, P. S.; Gulati, A.; Singh, R. D.; Sud, R. K.; Boruah, R. C. (2013-01-01).

1858:"Archaeologists discover world's oldest tea buried with ancient Chinese emperor" 702: 4656: 4301: 4188: 4183: 4016: 3915: 3711: 3618: 3450: 3432: 3382: 3102: 2024:

The World of Caffeine: The Science and Culture of the World's Most Popular Drug

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The World of Caffeine: The Science and Culture of the World's Most Popular Drug

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A Journey to the Tea Countries of China; including Sung-Lo and the Bohea Hills

1138:, or "beautiful island"—tea grown in Taiwan is often identified by that name. 988:, at which point large tracts of land were converted for mass tea production. 4723: 4291: 4037: 3910: 3905: 3792: 3749: 3603: 3535: 3475: 3294: 3136: 3005: 1922: 984:

commercial production of tea in India did not begin until the arrival of the

888:. From there it was introduced to British colonies in America and elsewhere. 847: 791: 494: 370:

An early credible record of tea drinking dates to 220 AD, in a medical text

64: 56: 3274:, BBC Radio 4 discussion with Huw Bowen, James Walvin & Amanda Vickery ( 3271: 3162: 2550: 2335: 576: 4708: 4681: 4671: 4666: 4646: 4575: 4545: 4479: 3950: 3757: 3706: 3688: 3653: 3558: 3505: 3495: 3460: 3154: 1843: 1457: 1356: 1351: 1184: 1098: 807: 686: 628: 522: 518: 503: 490: 390: 360: 356: 320: 235: 198: 142: 3286: 2711:

British Naturalists in Qing China: Science, Empire, and Cultural Encounter

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Chow pp.19-20 (Czech edition); also Arcimovicova p.9, Evans p.2 and others

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is the first town in Iran to have tea plantations. With its mild weather,

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Kangra, a tea-growing region in India, known for its green tea production.

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used for boiling water for tea in Russia and some Middle eastern countries

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Campbell, Polly (April 26, 2006). "Suited to a tea." Cincinnati Enquirer.

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The Adams Papers: Digital Editions: Adams Family Correspondence, Volume 1

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in north of Iran is main production center of Iranian tea. Historically,

1009: 962: 958: 885: 881: 593: 509: 328: 324: 290: 263: 231: 202: 1175:, a traveller and merchant who came across tea in Fuji in 1637, wrote, " 55:. One of the earliest accounts of tea drinking is dated back to China's 4661: 4638: 4417: 4402: 4382: 4005: 3960: 3940: 3900: 3895: 3885: 3875: 3726: 3683: 3638: 3588: 3568: 3540: 3515: 3417: 3402: 3204: 2766: 1397: 1374: 1371: 1328: 1218: 1127: 1043: 996: 877: 855: 768: 534: 308: 3613: 1824: 1082: 280: 4651: 4530: 4525: 4504: 4494: 4489: 4469: 4306: 4023: 3945: 3698: 3593: 3578: 3550: 3530: 3510: 3362: 3354: 2274:. Vol. 2. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 4. 2020: 1702:"Guangdong News, Pearl River Delta, Canton Fair - Newsgd.com, NewsGD" 1587: 1271: 1000: 950: 919: 880:

by 1657 but never gained much esteem except in coastal areas such as

867: 851: 819: 538: 530: 298: 115: 44: 27: 3028: 2596:

The Cambridge History of China: Volume 9, The Ch'ing Dynasty to 1800

1017: 602: 4499: 4464: 4449: 4437: 4370: 4360: 4355: 4326: 4316: 4311: 4296: 4010: 3772: 3583: 3520: 3427: 3387: 3367: 2972: 2485:

The English housewife in the Seventeenth & Eighteenth Centuries

1386: 1161: 1035: 935: 597: 343: 332: 268: 259: 248: 180: 165: 2916:

The Coffee Book: Anatomy of an Industry from Crop to the Last Drop

2175: 615: 4686: 4565: 4540: 4520: 4459: 4321: 3965: 3648: 3643: 3608: 2254:

A Tale of Two Teas: The Rise of Loose-Leaf Tea in China and Japan

2224:

A Tale of Two Teas: The Rise of Loose-Leaf Tea in China and Japan

1893: 1513:, north Myanmar, and northeast India, citing Mondal (2007) p. 519 1313: 1094: 839: 834: 823: 738: 693: 665: 553: 375: 352: 312: 294: 131: 127: 60: 23: 4676: 4582: 4560: 4555: 4550: 4535: 4454: 4422: 4030: 3767: 3762: 3678: 3658: 3573: 3563: 3442: 3422: 3407: 3377: 2437:

Sanyal, s (2008). "Tea Tourism: A Concept That's Catching On".

1382: 1252:(in present-day Pakistan and Afghanistan) into China. Although 1204: 1107: 1068: 1064: 1039: 1031: 1027: 970: 928: 924: 799: 795: 719: 526: 454: 418: 123: 80: 1286:. From 1940 to 1952 tea was rationed but coffee was exempted. 3628: 3074: 1539: 1245: 1168: 1103: 1004: 859: 778: 661: 648: 398: 381: 244: 185: 3195:

Mondal, T. K. (2007). Pua, E.C.; Davey, M.R. (eds.). "Tea".

1208:(trading companies) and the British East India Company. The 552:

issued a decree that only loose tea would be accepted as a "

114:, and various types of intermediate hybrids and spontaneous 4044: 1989: 1987: 568: 2299:

Kumakura, Isao (1976). "Senchashi joko: Nihon to Chosen".

1972: 3317: 2858: 1649: 1499: 644: 206: 2069: 1999: 1984: 1516: 1014:

to central Asia, Afghanistan and neighboring countries.

240: 2830:

The Story of Tea: A Cultural History and Drinking Guide

1654:

The Story of Tea: A Cultural History and Drinking Guide

1543:

The Story of Tea: A Cultural History and Drinking Guide

1504:

The Story of Tea: A Cultural History and Drinking Guide

896:

Tea was first introduced to Europe by Italian traveler

118:

all appear to demonstrate a single place of origin for

2362:

tea in the North, where the drink of choice was milk."

2108: 351:) when tea was cultivated on Meng Mountain (蒙山) near 3129:

A Movable Feast: Ten Millennia of Food Globalization

2805:"Continuation of Mrs. General Riedesel's Adventures" 2713:, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, pp. 82–3 2256:. Claremont, California: Pomona College. p. 42. 2226:. Claremont, California: Pomona College. p. 41. 627:

in 806. It became a drink of the royal classes when

513:

Illustration of the legend of monkeys harvesting tea

2403: 1947: 1945: 1943: 876:commodity at the time. Tea was appearing in German 91:originated specifically around the intersection of 1651: 1622: 1501: 826:tea may be served at different times of the year. 533:, and the leaves were allowed to ferment further. 3244: 1672:"A Tea From the Jungle Enriches a Placid Village" 1540:Mary Lou Heiss; Robert J. Heiss (23 March 2011). 1483: 537:was an accidental discovery in the production of 4721: 2340:. Tea and coffee trade journal Company. p. 2048:Pettigrew, Jane (2009). "The discovery of Tea". 2021:Bennett Alan Weinberg; Bonnie K. Bealer (2001). 1940: 1588:Bennett Alan Weinberg; Bonnie K. Bealer (2001). 463:) is an early work on the subject. According to 2885:"American Revolution: Stars, Stripes—and Beans" 2196: 2126: 572:Ancient Tea Urns used by merchants to store tea 2912: 2268:Kiple, Kenneth F.; Ornelas, Kriemhild (2000). 2151: 2091:Tea in China: A Religious and Cultural History 1955:Tea in China: A Religious and Cultural History 744: 725: 707: 674: 653: 633: 620: 607: 47:and probably originated in the borderlands of 3302: 3245:Yamamoto, T.; Kim, M.; Juneja, L. R. (1997). 3199:. Transgenic Crops V. (60). Berlin: Springer. 2855:"How Coffee Influenced The Course Of History" 2454: 2087: 1951: 1221:: the British were not drinking just tea but 1171:requesting "the best sort of chaw" in 1615. 497:illustrating scholars greeting in a tea party 3225: 3071:"NRIA | New Rural Industries Australia" 2742:"The Surprising History of Coffee in the UK" 2267: 1535: 1533: 1531: 1479: 1477: 331:, and according to the 17th century scholar 3316: 2729:, London: Scientific Book Guild, p. 89 2699:Movable Feasts, Sarah Murray, 2007, pp. 164 2678:Movable Feasts, Sarah Murray, 2007, pp. 161 2450: 2448: 2176:Constance Frederica Gordon Cumming (1886). 2016: 2014: 1958:. Hong Kong University Press. p. 173. 1917: 1915: 3309: 3295: 2824:Heiss, Mary Lou; Heiss, Robert .J (2007). 2823: 2656:. University of California, Santa Barbara. 2365: 2334:Ukers, William Harrison (1 January 1935). 2094:. Hong Kong University Press. p. 42. 1883: 1881: 1796:Houyuan Lu; et al. (7 January 2016). 1795: 1629:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 26. 1522: 717:In 1738, Soen Nagatani developed Japanese 668:. The oldest tea specialty book in Japan, 4637: 4244: 3197:Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 2949:Times Online. Retrieved 17 February 2008. 2431: 2429: 2427: 2047: 1833: 1823: 1791: 1789: 1528: 1474: 1349:drank an infusion from the plant species 596:in China, tea was introduced to Japan by 130:provinces of China, and northern part of 2913:Luttinger, Nina; Dicum, Gregory (2006). 2826:"A History of Tea: The Boston Tea Party" 2592: 2445: 2298: 2120: 2011: 1912: 1568: 1566: 1415: 1248:from the traditional growing regions of 1151: 1117: 1081: 1016: 991:The Chinese variety is used for Sikkim, 934: 918: 833: 772: 575: 567: 508: 323:king. The state of Ba and its neighbour 239: 159: 74: 17: 3281:History of Tea and Influence on World: 3247:Chemistry and Applications of Green Tea 3209:Tea: Addiction, Exploitation and Empire 3169: 2545: 2543: 2541: 2539: 2481: 2169: 2145: 2114: 2075: 2005: 1993: 1978: 1878: 1063:A panoramic view of tea plantations in 4722: 3203: 3194: 3093: 3091: 2940:'Tea finally making a stir in America' 2882: 2654:"Qianlong Letter to George III (1792)" 2537: 2535: 2533: 2531: 2529: 2527: 2525: 2523: 2521: 2519: 2436: 2424: 2241:. China: Shanyin songshi. p. 212. 2190: 1786: 1729: 1669: 1583: 1581: 1316:and its subsequent protest during the 866:brought the first green tea leaves to 3290: 3170:Mair, Victor H.; Hoh, Erling (2009). 3126: 2852: 2802: 2765: 2687: 2666: 2593:Peterson, Willard J. (7 April 2016). 2588: 2586: 2333: 2301:Fuzoku: Nihon Fuzokushi Gakkai Kaishi 2199:Tea: The Drink that Changed the World 1725: 1723: 1618: 1616: 1614: 1563: 891: 846:The earliest record of tea in a more 188:'s famous early work on the subject, 70: 2813:. Albany: Joel Munsell. p. 147. 2355: 2251: 2221: 3101:. Pureceylontea.com. Archived from 3088: 2724: 2708: 2516: 2271:The Cambridge World History of Food 1578: 1308:Tea production in the United States 838:A conical urn-shaped silver-plated 829: 681:How to Stay Healthy by Drinking Tea 394:, a collection of Laozi's sayings. 262:, indicating that tea was drunk by 13: 4627:Tea Research and Extension Station 2583: 2579:. Vol. XX. 1842. p. 128. 2455:Paul Chrystal (October 17, 2014). 2245: 2236: 2201:. Tuttle Publishing. p. 133. 1720: 1611: 14: 4741: 3265: 2182:. W. Blackwood and Sons. p. 1730:Saberi, Helen (15 October 2010). 1650:Mary Lou Heiss; Robert J. Heiss. 1500:Mary Lou Heiss; Robert J. Heiss. 1141: 854:were the duties on salt and tea. 614:in 805 and then by another named 4704: 4703: 2779:Massachusetts Historical Society 2626: 1689:The Oldest Tea Tree on the Earth 1594:. Psychology Press. p. 63. 1051: 478: 216: 3941:Afternoon/High tea/Evening meal 3063: 3042: 3029:"About Bushells - Bushells tea" 3026: 3020: 2994: 2979: 2961: 2952: 2933: 2906: 2876: 2846: 2817: 2796: 2759: 2734: 2718: 2702: 2693: 2672: 2646: 2620: 2567: 2496: 2475: 2461:. Amberley Publishing Limited. 2397: 2388: 2327: 2311: 2292: 2260: 2230: 2215: 2081: 2041: 1850: 1777: 1768: 1759: 1750: 1694: 1682: 1484:Yamamoto, Kim & Juneja 1997 1297: 1265:Company sent Scottish botanist 155: 2599:. Cambridge University Press. 2576:The Cottager's monthly visitor 1765:Lu Ju pp.29-30 (Czech edition) 1736:. Reaktion Books. p. 10. 1663: 1643: 1493: 459: 450: 442: 423: 414: 406: 1: 3119: 2919:. The New Press. p. 33. 2883:DeRupo, Joseph (2013-07-03). 2771:"John Adams to Abigail Adams" 2351:– via Internet Archive. 2064:Known as the 'Elixir of Life' 1670:Fuller, Thomas (2008-04-21). 923:A view of tea plantations in 22:A tea plantation in Ciwidey, 2458:Tea: A Very British Beverage 2088:James A. Benn (2015-04-23). 1952:James A. Benn (2015-04-23). 1546:. Random House. p. 31. 1411: 1334: 1225:tea. Thus, two of Britain's 1086:Tea harvest in Lahijan, Iran 473:goods or used to pay taxes. 327:were later conquered by the 164:Japanese painting depicting 7: 3226:Weatherstone, John (1986). 2889:National Coffee Association 2853:Zuraw, Lydia (2013-04-24). 2504:"The Diary of Samuel Pepys" 1660:citing Mondal (2007) p. 519 1623:Colleen Taylor Sen (2004). 1572: 1451: 1426:Tea production in Sri Lanka 1355:. Upon reaching Australia, 1232:In China, the Qing dynasty 1215:coffee production in Ceylon 307:, it was recorded that the 197:A legend dates back to the 10: 4746: 3127:Kiple, Kenneth F. (2007). 2803:Stone, William L. (1867). 1423: 1338: 1301: 1145: 1134:—short for the Portuguese 1003:, clonal to the native to 986:British East India Company 948: 942: 939:Tea Garden in Assam, India 794:Kingdom. Records from the 762: 585: 367:, are still sought after. 225: 4699: 4513: 4393: 4335: 4284: 4169: 4141: 4056: 3998: 3933: 3924: 3863: 3850:Strobilanthes tonkinensis 3781: 3748: 3725: 3697: 3549: 3441: 3353: 3344: 3331: 2616:– via Google Books. 2482:Bradley, Rose M. (1912). 2410:. Scientific Publishers. 2407:Science of Tea Technology 2373:"In search of Sanjeevani" 2027:. Routledge. p. 28. 1434: 1113: 898:Giovanni Battista Ramusio 745: 726: 708: 675: 654: 634: 621: 608: 301:, including tea. In the 213:in place of Bodhidharma. 4592:Teas of related species 4433:Hong Kong–style milk tea 4378:Epigallocatechin gallate 3137:10.1017/CBO9780511512148 2197:Laura C. Martin (2007). 2134:. J. Stockdale. p. 2127:George Staunton (1797). 1468: 1122:Tea plantation in Taiwan 914: 900:, who in 1555 published 864:Dutch East India Company 758: 660:introduced tea seeds to 563: 221: 122:—the area including the 4622:Lipton Institute of Tea 3956:East Asian tea ceremony 3173:The True History of Tea 2152:Robert Fortune (1852). 1678:. New York. p. A8. 1420:Tea Garden in Sri Lanka 1077: 945:History of tea in India 588:History of tea in Japan 228:History of tea in China 4216:Consumption by country 3211:. Constable & Co. 2991:Thursday, 20 May 2021 2052:. PITKIN. p. 10. 1929:Sixth Edition. 2001–07 1523:Heiss & Heiss 2007 1421: 1347:Aboriginal Australians 1164: 1156:Tea plantation in the 1123: 1087: 1022: 940: 932: 843: 783: 583: 573: 514: 251: 169: 83: 30: 3814:English afternoon tea 3099:"Sri Lanka Tea Board" 2488:. E. Arnold. p. 2252:Nguy, Andrew (2019). 2222:Nguy, Andrew (2019). 2158:. J. Murray. p. 1927:Columbia Encyclopedia 1733:Tea: A Global History 1626:Food Culture in India 1419: 1197:Catherine of Braganza 1155: 1121: 1085: 1020: 938: 922: 837: 790:, the founder of the 782:, Korean tea ceremony 776: 698:tea ceremony of Japan 581:Japanese tea ceremony 579: 571: 512: 304:Chronicles of Huayang 243: 163: 78: 21: 4588:List of Chinese teas 2975:. November 12, 2013. 1304:American tea culture 397:Tang dynasty writer 4011:Teahouse or tearoom 3178:Thames & Hudson 2709:Fan, Fa-ti (2004), 2179:Wanderings in China 2115:Mair & Hoh 2009 2076:Mair & Hoh 2009 2006:Mair & Hoh 2009 1994:Mair & Hoh 2009 1981:, pp. 264–265. 1979:Mair & Hoh 2009 1816:2016NatSR...618955L 1318:American Revolution 1240:in response to the 1194:Portuguese princess 1148:British tea culture 902:Voyages and Travels 765:Korean tea ceremony 694:Buddhist priesthood 493:painting by artist 447:traditional Chinese 411:traditional Chinese 349:Emperor Xuan of Han 256:Emperor Jing of Han 4611:Camellia taliensis 2945:2011-06-11 at the 2832:. pp. 21–24. 2439:The Hindu Business 1691:, (Kunming, 2006). 1676:The New York Times 1422: 1254:opium use in China 1165: 1124: 1088: 1023: 941: 933: 892:Portugal and Italy 844: 784: 584: 574: 515: 439:simplified Chinese 434:The Classic of Tea 403:simplified Chinese 365:Mengding Ganlu tea 252: 191:The Classic of Tea 170: 84: 71:Geographic origins 49:southwestern China 31: 4717: 4716: 4695: 4694: 4604:Camellia sasanqua 4597:Camellia japonica 4280: 4279: 4137: 4136: 3859: 3858: 3834:Maghrebi mint tea 3624:Huangshan Maofeng 3323:Camellia sinensis 3237:978-0-90762-168-3 3218:978-1-84119-569-8 3187:978-0-500-25146-1 3146:978-0-521-79353-7 2926:978-1-59558-724-4 2839:978-1-60774-172-5 2606:978-1-316-44504-4 2559:. 29 April 2004. 2468:978-1-4456-3360-2 2417:978-93-87741-08-9 2237:Tu, Long (1887). 2208:978-0-8048-3724-8 2101:978-988-8208-73-9 2078:, pp. 39–41. 2059:978-1-84165-143-9 2034:978-0-415-92722-2 2008:, pp. 30–31. 1996:, pp. 29–30. 1965:978-988-8208-73-9 1866:. 10 January 2015 1825:10.1038/srep18955 1743:978-1-86189-892-0 1636:978-0-313-32487-1 1601:978-0-415-92722-2 1553:978-1-60774-172-5 1488:Camellia sinensis 1446:crush, tear, curl 1387:Bushell's Company 1276:Camellia sinensis 1242:Macartney Mission 1227:trading triangles 1158:Cameron Highlands 816:chrysanthemum tea 274:mass spectrometry 272:particularly via 205:, the founder of 201:. In the legend, 120:Camellia sinensis 108:chromosome number 88:Camellia sinensis 40:Camellia sinensis 4737: 4707: 4706: 4635: 4634: 4413:Burmese milk tea 4348:Phenolic content 4242: 4241: 3931: 3930: 3824:Lapsang souchong 3599:Lu'an Melon Seed 3351: 3350: 3311: 3304: 3297: 3288: 3287: 3278:, Apr. 29, 2004) 3260: 3241: 3222: 3200: 3191: 3166: 3114: 3113: 3111: 3110: 3095: 3086: 3085: 3083: 3082: 3073:. Archived from 3067: 3061: 3060: 3058: 3056: 3046: 3040: 3039: 3037: 3035: 3024: 3018: 3017: 3015: 3013: 3004:. Archived from 2998: 2992: 2990: 2987:"Loose Leaf Tea" 2983: 2977: 2976: 2965: 2959: 2956: 2950: 2937: 2931: 2930: 2910: 2904: 2903: 2901: 2900: 2891:. Archived from 2880: 2874: 2873: 2871: 2870: 2861:. Archived from 2850: 2844: 2843: 2821: 2815: 2814: 2800: 2794: 2793: 2791: 2790: 2781:. Archived from 2763: 2757: 2756: 2754: 2753: 2738: 2732: 2730: 2725:Cox, EM (1945), 2722: 2716: 2714: 2706: 2700: 2697: 2691: 2685: 2679: 2676: 2670: 2664: 2658: 2657: 2650: 2644: 2643: 2641: 2639: 2624: 2618: 2617: 2615: 2613: 2590: 2581: 2580: 2571: 2565: 2564: 2547: 2514: 2513: 2511: 2510: 2500: 2494: 2493: 2479: 2473: 2472: 2452: 2443: 2442: 2433: 2422: 2421: 2401: 2395: 2392: 2386: 2385: 2383: 2382: 2377: 2369: 2363: 2359: 2353: 2352: 2350: 2348: 2331: 2325: 2315: 2309: 2308: 2296: 2290: 2289: 2284:. Archived from 2264: 2258: 2257: 2249: 2243: 2242: 2234: 2228: 2227: 2219: 2213: 2212: 2194: 2188: 2187: 2173: 2167: 2166: 2149: 2143: 2142: 2124: 2118: 2112: 2106: 2105: 2085: 2079: 2073: 2067: 2066: 2045: 2039: 2038: 2018: 2009: 2003: 1997: 1991: 1982: 1976: 1970: 1969: 1949: 1938: 1937: 1935: 1934: 1919: 1910: 1909: 1907: 1906: 1897:. Archived from 1885: 1876: 1875: 1873: 1871: 1854: 1848: 1847: 1837: 1827: 1793: 1784: 1781: 1775: 1772: 1766: 1763: 1757: 1754: 1748: 1747: 1727: 1718: 1717: 1715: 1713: 1708:on 31 March 2016 1704:. Archived from 1698: 1692: 1686: 1680: 1679: 1667: 1661: 1659: 1657: 1647: 1641: 1640: 1620: 1609: 1608: 1585: 1576: 1570: 1561: 1560: 1537: 1526: 1520: 1514: 1512: 1507: 1497: 1491: 1481: 1341:Tea in Australia 1272:Assam subspecies 1234:Qianlong Emperor 1055: 830:Global expansion 750: 748: 747: 731: 729: 728: 713: 711: 710: 684: 678: 677: 659: 657: 656: 639: 637: 636: 626: 624: 623: 613: 611: 610: 482: 461: 452: 444: 425: 416: 408: 150:The Story of Tea 104:cluster analysis 53:northern Myanmar 4745: 4744: 4740: 4739: 4738: 4736: 4735: 4734: 4720: 4719: 4718: 4713: 4691: 4633: 4509: 4475:Seven-color tea 4428:Doodh pati chai 4395: 4389: 4331: 4276: 4240: 4171: 4170:Production and 4165: 4133: 4052: 3994: 3920: 3855: 3844:Russian Caravan 3839:Prince of Wales 3802:Breakfast tea ( 3784: 3777: 3744: 3740:Huoshan Huangya 3735:Junshan Yinzhen 3721: 3693: 3545: 3481:Dongfang meiren 3437: 3346: 3340: 3327: 3315: 3268: 3263: 3257: 3238: 3219: 3188: 3147: 3122: 3117: 3108: 3106: 3097: 3096: 3089: 3080: 3078: 3069: 3068: 3064: 3054: 3052: 3048: 3047: 3043: 3033: 3031: 3027:tea, Bushells. 3025: 3021: 3011: 3009: 3008:on 4 March 2016 3000: 2999: 2995: 2985: 2984: 2980: 2967: 2966: 2962: 2957: 2953: 2947:Wayback Machine 2938: 2934: 2927: 2911: 2907: 2898: 2896: 2881: 2877: 2868: 2866: 2851: 2847: 2840: 2822: 2818: 2801: 2797: 2788: 2786: 2764: 2760: 2751: 2749: 2746:Connect Vending 2740: 2739: 2735: 2723: 2719: 2707: 2703: 2698: 2694: 2686: 2682: 2677: 2673: 2665: 2661: 2652: 2651: 2647: 2637: 2635: 2625: 2621: 2611: 2609: 2607: 2591: 2584: 2573: 2572: 2568: 2549: 2548: 2517: 2508: 2506: 2502: 2501: 2497: 2480: 2476: 2469: 2453: 2446: 2434: 2425: 2418: 2402: 2398: 2393: 2389: 2380: 2378: 2375: 2371: 2370: 2366: 2360: 2356: 2346: 2344: 2332: 2328: 2316: 2312: 2297: 2293: 2288:on May 4, 2012. 2282: 2265: 2261: 2250: 2246: 2235: 2231: 2220: 2216: 2209: 2195: 2191: 2174: 2170: 2150: 2146: 2125: 2121: 2117:, pp. 118. 2113: 2109: 2102: 2086: 2082: 2074: 2070: 2060: 2046: 2042: 2035: 2019: 2012: 2004: 2000: 1992: 1985: 1977: 1973: 1966: 1950: 1941: 1932: 1930: 1921: 1920: 1913: 1904: 1902: 1887: 1886: 1879: 1869: 1867: 1863:The Independent 1856: 1855: 1851: 1794: 1787: 1782: 1778: 1773: 1769: 1764: 1760: 1755: 1751: 1744: 1728: 1721: 1711: 1709: 1700: 1699: 1695: 1687: 1683: 1668: 1664: 1648: 1644: 1637: 1621: 1612: 1602: 1586: 1579: 1571: 1564: 1554: 1538: 1529: 1525:, pp. 6–7. 1521: 1517: 1498: 1494: 1482: 1475: 1471: 1454: 1437: 1428: 1414: 1394:New South Wales 1343: 1337: 1310: 1300: 1259:First Opium War 1192:in 1662 to the 1190:King Charles II 1150: 1144: 1116: 1080: 1075: 1074: 1073: 1061: 1056: 973: 967:Doodh Pati Chai 947: 917: 894: 832: 771: 761: 742: 723: 705: 672: 651: 631: 618: 605: 590: 566: 500: 499: 498: 488: 483: 238: 226:Main articles: 224: 219: 158: 139:Fengqing County 73: 12: 11: 5: 4743: 4733: 4732: 4730:History of tea 4715: 4714: 4712: 4711: 4700: 4697: 4696: 4693: 4692: 4690: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4664: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4643: 4641: 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chaan teng 4013: 4008: 4002: 4000: 3996: 3995: 3993: 3992: 3991: 3990: 3985: 3980: 3975: 3970: 3969: 3968: 3953: 3948: 3943: 3937: 3935: 3928: 3922: 3921: 3919: 3918: 3913: 3908: 3903: 3898: 3893: 3888: 3883: 3878: 3873: 3867: 3865: 3861: 3860: 3857: 3856: 3854: 3853: 3846: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3826: 3821: 3816: 3811: 3800: 3789: 3787: 3785:flavoured teas 3779: 3778: 3776: 3775: 3770: 3765: 3760: 3754: 3752: 3746: 3745: 3743: 3742: 3737: 3731: 3729: 3723: 3722: 3720: 3719: 3714: 3712:Baihao Yinzhen 3709: 3703: 3701: 3695: 3694: 3692: 3691: 3686: 3681: 3676: 3674:Mengding Ganlu 3671: 3666: 3661: 3656: 3651: 3646: 3641: 3636: 3631: 3626: 3621: 3619:Taiping houkui 3616: 3611: 3606: 3601: 3596: 3591: 3586: 3581: 3576: 3571: 3566: 3561: 3555: 3553: 3547: 3546: 3544: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3528: 3523: 3518: 3513: 3508: 3503: 3498: 3493: 3488: 3483: 3478: 3473: 3468: 3463: 3458: 3453: 3447: 3445: 3439: 3438: 3436: 3435: 3430: 3425: 3420: 3415: 3410: 3405: 3400: 3395: 3390: 3385: 3380: 3375: 3370: 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1143: 1142:United Kingdom 1140: 1115: 1112: 1079: 1076: 1058: 1057: 1050: 1049: 1048: 993:Darjeeling tea 955:Darjeeling tea 943:Main article: 916: 913: 893: 890: 831: 828: 800:Joseon dynasty 760: 757: 586:Main article: 565: 562: 550:Hongwu emperor 485: 484: 477: 476: 475: 386:elixir of life 223: 220: 218: 215: 211:Gautama Buddha 174:Chinese legend 157: 154: 110:(2n=30), easy 97:longitude 98°E 72: 69: 35:history of tea 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4742: 4731: 4728: 4727: 4725: 4710: 4702: 4701: 4698: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4644: 4642: 4640: 4636: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4619: 4618:Tea research 4617: 4613: 4612: 4608: 4606: 4605: 4601: 4599: 4598: 4594: 4593: 4591: 4589: 4586: 4584: 4581: 4577: 4574: 4573: 4571: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4523: 4522: 4519: 4518: 4516: 4512: 4506: 4503: 4501: 4498: 4496: 4493: 4491: 4488: 4486: 4483: 4481: 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CRC Press. 3248: 3243: 3239: 3233: 3229: 3224: 3220: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3193: 3189: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3174: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3125: 3124: 3105:on 2010-06-27 3104: 3100: 3094: 3092: 3077:on 2012-09-12 3076: 3072: 3066: 3051: 3045: 3030: 3023: 3007: 3003: 2997: 2988: 2982: 2974: 2970: 2964: 2955: 2948: 2944: 2941: 2936: 2928: 2922: 2918: 2917: 2909: 2895:on 2014-03-04 2894: 2890: 2886: 2879: 2865:on 2014-02-28 2864: 2860: 2856: 2849: 2841: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2820: 2812: 2811: 2806: 2799: 2785:on 2014-03-04 2784: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2762: 2747: 2743: 2737: 2728: 2721: 2712: 2705: 2696: 2689: 2684: 2675: 2668: 2663: 2655: 2649: 2634: 2633:Aeon Magazine 2630: 2623: 2608: 2602: 2598: 2597: 2589: 2587: 2578: 2577: 2570: 2562: 2558: 2557: 2552: 2546: 2544: 2542: 2540: 2538: 2536: 2534: 2532: 2530: 2528: 2526: 2524: 2522: 2520: 2505: 2499: 2491: 2487: 2486: 2478: 2470: 2464: 2460: 2459: 2451: 2449: 2440: 2432: 2430: 2428: 2419: 2413: 2409: 2408: 2400: 2391: 2374: 2368: 2358: 2343: 2339: 2338: 2337:All about Tea 2330: 2324: 2323:0-486-20070-1 2320: 2314: 2306: 2302: 2295: 2287: 2283: 2281:0-521-40216-6 2277: 2273: 2272: 2263: 2255: 2248: 2240: 2233: 2225: 2218: 2210: 2204: 2200: 2193: 2185: 2181: 2180: 2172: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2156: 2148: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2132: 2123: 2116: 2111: 2103: 2097: 2093: 2092: 2084: 2077: 2072: 2065: 2061: 2055: 2051: 2050:afternoon tea 2044: 2036: 2030: 2026: 2025: 2017: 2015: 2007: 2002: 1995: 1990: 1988: 1980: 1975: 1967: 1961: 1957: 1956: 1948: 1946: 1944: 1928: 1924: 1918: 1916: 1901:on 2008-03-08 1900: 1896: 1895: 1890: 1884: 1882: 1865: 1864: 1859: 1853: 1845: 1841: 1836: 1831: 1826: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1804: 1799: 1792: 1790: 1780: 1774:Chow pp.20-21 1771: 1762: 1753: 1745: 1739: 1735: 1734: 1726: 1724: 1707: 1703: 1697: 1690: 1685: 1677: 1673: 1666: 1656: 1655: 1646: 1638: 1632: 1628: 1627: 1619: 1617: 1615: 1607: 1603: 1597: 1593: 1592: 1584: 1582: 1574: 1569: 1567: 1559: 1555: 1549: 1545: 1544: 1536: 1534: 1532: 1524: 1519: 1511: 1506: 1505: 1496: 1489: 1485: 1480: 1478: 1473: 1464: 1461: 1459: 1456: 1455: 1449: 1447: 1442: 1441:Ajuran empire 1432: 1427: 1418: 1409: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1390: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1360: 1358: 1354: 1353: 1348: 1342: 1332: 1330: 1325: 1321: 1319: 1315: 1309: 1305: 1295: 1293: 1287: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1268: 1262: 1260: 1255: 1251: 1250:British India 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1230: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1211: 1207: 1206: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1191: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1163: 1159: 1154: 1149: 1139: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1120: 1111: 1109: 1105: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1084: 1072: 1070: 1066: 1060: 1054: 1047: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1019: 1015: 1012: 1011: 1006: 1002: 1001:Assam variety 998: 994: 989: 987: 982: 977: 972: 968: 964: 960: 956: 952: 946: 937: 930: 926: 921: 912: 910: 905: 903: 899: 889: 887: 883: 879: 874: 869: 865: 861: 857: 853: 849: 841: 836: 827: 825: 822:leaf tea, or 821: 817: 813: 809: 803: 801: 797: 793: 792:Geumgwan Gaya 789: 781: 780: 775: 770: 766: 756: 754: 741: 740: 735: 722: 721: 715: 704: 699: 695: 690: 688: 682: 671: 667: 663: 650: 646: 641: 630: 617: 604: 599: 595: 589: 582: 578: 570: 561: 559: 555: 551: 548:In 1391, the 546: 542: 540: 536: 532: 528: 524: 520: 511: 507: 505: 496: 495:Wen Zhengming 492: 487: 481: 474: 471: 466: 462: 456: 448: 440: 436: 435: 430: 426: 420: 412: 404: 400: 395: 393: 392: 387: 383: 379: 377: 373: 368: 366: 362: 358: 354: 350: 345: 340: 338: 335:who wrote in 334: 330: 326: 322: 318: 314: 310: 306: 305: 300: 296: 292: 288: 287: 282: 279: 275: 271: 270: 265: 261: 257: 250: 247:'s statue in 246: 242: 237: 233: 229: 217:Early history 214: 212: 208: 207:Chan Buddhism 204: 200: 195: 193: 192: 187: 182: 179: 175: 167: 162: 153: 151: 148:According to 146: 144: 140: 135: 133: 129: 125: 121: 117: 113: 112:hybridization 109: 105: 100: 98: 94: 93:latitude 29°N 90: 89: 82: 77: 68: 66: 65:British India 62: 58: 57:Shang dynasty 54: 50: 46: 43:is native to 42: 41: 36: 29: 25: 20: 16: 4672:Koththamalli 4647:Cannabis tea 4609: 4602: 4595: 4576:Tea classics 4480:Shahi haleeb 4200:Cultivation 4179:Leaf grading 4172:distribution 4142: 4043: 4036: 4029: 4022: 4015: 3951:Tasseography 3848: 3689:Tamaryokucha 3559:Anji bai cha 3526:Shui Jin Gui 3501:Huang Meigui 3496:Huangjin Gui 3456:Ban Tian Yao 3335: 3321: 3275: 3246: 3227: 3208: 3196: 3172: 3128: 3107:. 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