397:
period the southern Red Sea's levels dropped and was only 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) wide. This offered a brief window of time for humans to easily cross the sea and cross the
Peninsula to opposing sites like Jebel Faya. These early migrants running away from the climate change in Africa, crossed the Red Sea into Yemen and Oman, trekked across Arabia during favourable climate conditions. 2,000 kilometres of inhospitable desert lie between the Red Sea and Jebel Faya in UAE. But around 130,000 years ago the world was at the end of an ice age. The Red Sea was shallow enough to be crossed on foot or on a small raft, and the Arabian peninsula was being transformed from a parched desert into a green land.
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1091:, illiteracy, and poverty. One of the new sultan's first measures was to abolish many of his father's harsh restrictions, which had caused thousands of Omanis to leave the country, and to offer amnesty to opponents of the previous régime, many of whom returned to Oman. 1970 also brought the abolition of
673:
The Al Busaid clan thus became a royal dynasty. Like its predecessors, Al Busaid dynastic rule has been characterized by a history of internecine family struggle, fratricide, and usurpation. Apart from threats within the ruling family, there were frequent challenges from the independent tribes of the
396:
Luminescence dating is a technique that measures naturally occurring radiation stored in the sand. Data culled via this methodology demonstrates that 130,000 years ago, the
Arabian Peninsula was relatively warmer which caused more rainfall, turning it into a series of lush habitable land. During this
1111:
were confined to a 50-square-kilometre (19 sq mi) area near the Yemeni border and shortly thereafter were defeated. As the war drew to a close, civil action programs were given priority throughout Dhofar and helped win the allegiance of the people. The PFLO threat diminished further with
818:
Imam Azzan understood that to unify the country a strong, central authority had to be established with control over the interior tribes of Oman. His rule was jeopardized by the
British, who interpreted his policy of bringing the interior tribes under the central government as a move against their
750:
prohibited slavery in the mid-19th century, the sultanate's fortunes reversed. The economy collapsed, and many Omani families migrated to
Zanzibar. The population of Muscat fell from 55,000 to 8,000 between the 1850s and 1870s. Britain seized most of the overseas possessions, and by 1900 Oman had
392:
which drove the humans from the land and towards the sea shores, and forced them to cross over to other continents. The researchers used radiocarbon dating techniques on pollen grains trapped in lake-bottom mud to establish vegetation over the ages of the Malawi lake in Africa, taking samples at
387:
in the southern Red Sea and moving along the green coastlines around Arabia and thence to the rest of
Eurasia. Such crossing became possible when sea level had fallen by more than 80 meters to expose much of the shelf between southern Eritrea and Yemen; a level that was reached during a glacial
380:. Two optically stimulated luminescence age estimates place the Arabian Nubian Complex at approximately 106,000 years old. This provides evidence for a distinct Mobile Stone Age technocomplex in southern Arabia, around the earlier part of the Marine Isotope Stage 5.
1161:
and customary law. It partially resuscitated long dormant conflict-of-interest measures by banning cabinet ministers from being officers of public shareholding firms. Perhaps most importantly, the Basic
Statutes provide rules for setting Sultan Qaboos' succession.
846:
benefitting mostly the
British. In 1908 the British entered into an agreement based in the imperialistic plans to control the area. Their traditional association was confirmed in 1951 through a new treaty of commerce, based on oil reserves, and
393:
300-year-intervals. Samples from the megadrought times had little pollen or charcoal, suggesting sparse vegetation with little to burn. The area around Lake Malawi, today heavily forested, was a desert approximately 135,000 to 90,000 years ago.
1102:
In an effort to curb the Dhofar insurgency, Sultan Qaboos expanded and re-equipped the armed forces and granted amnesty to all surrendering rebels while vigorously prosecuting the war in Dhofar. He obtained direct military support from the UK,
674:
interior. The
Busaidid dynasty renounced the imamate after Ahmad bin Said. The interior tribes recognized the imam as the sole legitimate ruler, rejected the authority of the sultan, and fought for the restoration of the imamate.
600:
controlled Muscat from 1550 to 1551 and from 1581 to 1588. In about the year 1600, Nabhani rule was temporarily restored to Oman, although that lasted only to 1624 with the establishment of the fifth imamate, also known as the
1591:
Fourth line down from the top of the history section: "In 751 Ibadi
Muslims, a moderate branch of the Kharijites, established an imamate in Oman. Despite interruptions, the Ibadi imamate survived until the mid-20th century".
1098:
Sultan Qaboos also established a modern governmental structure and launched a major development programme to upgrade educational and health facilities, build modern infrastructure and develop the country's natural resources.
819:
established order. In resorting to military means to unify Muscat and Oman, Imam Azzan alienated members of the
Ghafiri tribes, who revolted in the 1870–1871 period. The British gave financial and political support to
1112:
the establishment of diplomatic relations in October 1983 between South Yemen and Oman, and South Yemen subsequently lessened propaganda and subversive activities against Oman. In late 1987 Oman opened an embassy in
878:, the sultan of Oman declared war on Germany on September 10, 1939. During the war, Oman had a strategic role in the defence of the United Kingdom's trade routes. Oman was never attacked during the war. In 1943, the
1474:"Newfound Ancient African Megadroughts May Have Driven Evolution of Humans and Fish. The findings provide new insights into humans' migration out of Africa and the evolution of fishes in Africa's Great Lakes"
400:
There have been discoveries of Paleolithic stone tools in caves in southern and central Oman, and in the United Arab Emirates close to the Straits of Hormuz at the outlet of the Persian Gulf (UAE site (
777:(with its African Great Lakes dependencies), and the area of "Muscat and Oman". This name was abolished in 1970 in favor of "Sultanate of Oman", but implies two political cultures with a long history:
1169:
at the entrance to the Persian Gulf, 35 miles (56 km) directly opposite Iran. Oman has concerns with regional stability and security, given tensions in the region, the proximity of Iran and
538:
has a reputation for its "moderate conservatism". One distinguishing feature of Ibadism is the choice of ruler by communal consensus and consent. The introduction of Ibadism vested power in the
1477:
439:
province. From the 2nd half of the 1st millennium BCE, waves of Semitic speaking peoples migrated from central and western Arabia to the east. The most important of these tribes are known as
372:
In Oman, a site was discovered by Doctor Bien Joven in 2011 containing more than 100 surface scatters of stone tools belonging to the late Nubian Complex, known previously only from
815:(r. 1868–1871) emerged as self-declared imam. Although a significant number of Hinawi tribes recognized him as imam, the public neither elected him nor acclaimed him as such.
1119:
Throughout his reign, Sultan Qaboos balanced tribal, regional, and ethnic interests in composing the national administration. The Council of Ministers, which functions as a
1048:
677:
Schisms within the ruling family became apparent before Ahmad ibn Said's death in 1783 and later manifested themselves with the division of the family into two main lines:
851:
by which the United Kingdom recognized the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman as a fully independent state, under their supervision and their strategic neo-colonial interest.
949:
dropped by a Bristol Blenheim from No. 244 Squadron RAF. The wreck settled at a depth of 108 meters (354 feet) approximately 25 nautical miles (46 kilometres) off the
1937:
1215:
Al Said's extensive modernization program has opened the country to the outside world and has preserved a long-standing political and military relationship with the
1876:
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The northern half of Oman (beside modern-day Bahrain, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, plus Balochistan and Sindh provinces of Pakistan) presumably was part of the
1785:
1009:
governments, but this support ended in the 1980s. The case of the Imam was argued at the United Nations as well, but no significant measures were taken.
1679:
1473:
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Turning the table, the Omani Yarubid dynasty became a colonial power itself, acquiring former Portuguese colonies in east Africa and engaging in the
654:
Persia had occupied the coast previously. Yet this intervention on behalf of an unpopular dynasty brought about a revolt. The leader of the revolt,
550:'s position was confirmed when the imam—having gained the allegiance of the tribal sheiks—received the bay'ah (oath of allegiance) from the public.
1709:
1738:
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stadial from 60 to 70 ka as climate cooled erratically to reach the last glacial maximum. From 135,000 to 90,000 years ago, tropical Africa had
1055:
régimes. In mid-1974, the Bahrain branch of the PFLOAG was established as a separate organisation and the Omani branch changed its name to the
1001:
against the sultan's attack. The Sultan was aided by the colonial British forces and the Shah of Iran. In the early 1960s, the Imam, exiled to
562:
controlled the area between 931 and 932 and then again between 933 and 934. Between 967 and 1053 Oman formed part of the domain of the Iranian
605:
Imamate. The latter recaptured Muscat from the Portuguese in 1650 after a colonial presence on the northeastern coast of Oman dating to 1508.
321:
is a site of pre-historic human habitation, stretching back over 100,000 years. The region was impacted by powerful invaders, including other
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Qaboos, the Arab world's longest-serving ruler, died on 10 January 2020 after nearly 50 years in power. On 11 January 2020, his cousin
708:
493:. The 4,000-strong Sasanian garrison was headquartered at Jamsetjerd/Jamshedgird (modern Jebel Gharabeh, also known as Felej al-Sook).
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1285:
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635:(c. 1706–1743). His candidacy prompted a rivalry among the ulama and a civil war between the two factions, led by major tribes, the
1056:
1036:
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flared up again, when the Treaty of Seeb was broken by the sultan after oil was discovered in the lands of the Imam. The new imam (
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rivalry throughout the 18th century. During the 19th century, Muscat and Oman and the United Kingdom concluded several treaties of
383:
The hypothesized departure of humankind from Africa to colonise the rest of the world involved them crossing the Straits of Bab el
2807:
1911:
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1961:
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The southern route ‘out of Africa’: evidence for an early expansion of modern humans into Arabia. Science, v. 331, pp. 453–456)
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The coastal tradition: more cosmopolitan, and secular, found in the city of Muscat and adjacent coastline ruled by the sultan.
88:
1998:
1541:
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The death of Sa'id bin Sultan in 1856 prompted a further division: the descendants of the late sultan ruled Muscat and Oman (
1649:
1410:
Rose, JI; Usik, VI; Marks, AE; Hilbert, YH; Galletti, CS; Parton, A; Geiling, JM; Cerný, V; Morley, MW; Roberts, RG (2011).
60:
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took control of Oman, and the Nabhani kings ruled Oman until 1470, with an interruption of 37 years between 1406 and 1443.
1933:
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the Sultan ibn Ahmad (ruled 1792–1806) line, controlling the maritime state, with nominal control over the entire country
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by sending a contingent of troops to join coalition forces and by opening up to pre-positioning of weapons and supplies.
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died in 1856, his sons quarrelled over the succession. As a result of this struggle, the empire—through the mediation of
670:
by expelling the dwindling Persian forces. He then defeated Bal'arab, and was elected sultan of Muscat and imam of Oman.
67:
1865:
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811:, r. 1856–1870); the Qais branch intermittently allied itself with the ulama to restore imamate legitimacy. In 1868,
107:
2218:
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41:
1866:"The Forgotten Generation of Muscat: Reconstructing Omani National Identity After the Zanzibar Revolution of 1964"
404:). The stone tools, some up to 125,000 years old, resemble those made by humans in Africa around the same period.
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In September 2000, about 100,000 Omani men and women elected 83 candidates, including two women, to seats in the
1173:, and the potential threat of political Islam. Oman maintained its diplomatic relations with Iraq throughout the
784:
The interior tradition: insular, tribal, and highly religious under the ideological tenets of Ibadism, found in "
74:
531:, established an imamate in Oman. Despite interruptions, the Ibadi imamate survived until the mid-20th century.
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2011:
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45:
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711:'s reign (1806–1856), Oman built up its overseas colonies, profiting from the slave trade. As a regional
1087:. Al Said ruled as sultan until his death. The new sultan confronted insurgency in a country plagued by
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During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, there were tensions between the sultan in Muscat and the
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1991:
1875:. Duluth, MN: Midwest World History Association (MWWHA), The College of St. Scholastica. p. 10.
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colonies were maintained. From c. 100 BCE to c. 300 CE Semitic speakers appear in central Oman at
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The more cosmopolitan Muscat has been the ascending political culture since the founding of the
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1412:"The Nubian Complex of Dhofar, Oman: an African middle stone age industry in Southern Arabia"
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8:
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Zanzibar paid an annual subsidy to Muscat and Oman until its independence in early 1964.
501:
260:
1657:, chapter 6 Oman – Government and Politics, section: Historical Patterns of Governance.
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827:, Turki bin Said defeated the forces of Imam Azzan, who was killed in battle outside
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427:, the satrapy may have existed in some form and Alexander is said to have stayed in
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dynasty in 1744, although the imamate tradition has found intermittent expression.
712:
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366:
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866:, while recognising the sovereignty of the sultan in Muscat and its surroundings.
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occupied Muscat and Sohar with Saif's assistance. Saif died, and was succeeded by
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out of RAF Masirah on anti-submarine duties in the Gulf of Oman and the northern
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1133:(Consultative Assembly) has the mandate of reviewing legislation pertaining to
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under the Canning Award—was divided in 1861 into two separate principalities:
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128:
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2424:
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1116:, South Yemen, and appointed its first resident ambassador to the country.
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1051:(PFLOAG). The PFLOAG's declared intention was to overthrow all traditional
1002:
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906:
875:
571:
334:
225:
1966:
245:
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643:, with the Ghafiri supporting Saif ibn Sultan II. In 1743, Persian ruler
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1536:, Abhandlungen Deutsche Orient-Gesellschaft, vol. 30, Wiesbaden 2014,
1842:
1672:"The Imamate of Oman Faction - Broken Crescent 2.02 - Grand Campaign"
1158:
1024:
689:
534:
Oman is currently the only country with a majority Ibadi population.
432:
346:
1962:
Timeline of the Oman History from ancient civilization to modern day
1702:"The Simble Investor: Koothanallur- A brief history of my home town"
23:
1906:
1174:
950:
843:
740:
701:
663:
617:
535:
528:
517:
342:
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1208:, or State Council, including five women, which acts as the upper
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on 1 April 1515, and held it until 26 January 1650, although the
584:
1044:
828:
823:, Imam Azzan's rival in exchange of controlling the area. In the
797:
724:
640:
623:
602:
563:
464:
416:
1976:
1264:(20 November 1804 – 4 June 1856) – (Sultan of Zanzibar and Oman)
2434:
1084:
1020:
937:
835:
732:
636:
593:
486:
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428:
350:
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In November 1996, Sultan Qaboos presented his people with the
120:
1342:
1049:
Popular Front for the Liberation of Oman and the Arabian Gulf
858:
Imam in Nizwa. This conflict was resolved temporarily by the
855:
715:
in the 19th century, Oman held the island of Zanzibar on the
543:
513:
377:
467:
ruling families who finally ruled the Persian Gulf states.
365:
Archaeologists excavating a Middle Stone Age complex in the
2007:
1170:
1113:
1006:
789:
720:
658:, took advantage of the assassination of the Persian king,
547:
539:
509:
318:
1971:
1534:
Cross-roads – Early and Late Iron Age South-eastern Arabia
1202:. In December 2000, Sultan Qaboos appointed the 48-member
333:. Oman, at its height, held holdings that ranged from the
474:
The Sasanian Empire at its greatest extent c. 620, under
440:
180:
1157:. It guarantees various rights within the framework of
971:. The wreck is now a popular recreational diving site.
1641:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1127:, all of whom were directly appointed by Qaboos. The
953:
coast. 52 crew members died, with the sole survivor,
754:
631:
By 1719 dynastic succession led to the nomination of
463:. These waves continue, in the 19th century bringing
1409:
1137:and social services prior to its becoming law. The
945:was sunk in the Gulf of Oman after being struck by
48:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1626:
1934:"Haitham bin Tariq sworn in as Oman's new sultan"
1732:
1394:
566:, and between 1053 and 1154 Oman was part of the
2919:
1863:
1227:has sought to maintain good relations with all
527:In 751 Ibadi Muslims, a moderate branch of the
341:, some notable holdings include; the island of
1471:
862:, which granted the imam rule in the interior
2526:
1992:
299:
1838:"What lies beneath: Nazi wreck off Fujairah"
1556:The Countries and Tribes of the Persian Gulf
1005:, obtained support from his hosts and other
723:region of the East African coast, including
1728:
1726:
1223:, and others. Oman's moderate, independent
1141:may request ministers to appear before it.
666:in 1747 and the chaos that resulted in the
570:. Seljuk power even spread through Oman to
2533:
2519:
1999:
1985:
1165:Oman occupies a strategic location on the
558:Several foreign powers attacked Oman. The
459:, abbreviated PIR, in what has become the
306:
292:
1857:
1467:
1465:
1445:
1435:
1212:in Oman's bicameral representative body.
684:the Qais branch, with authority over the
108:Learn how and when to remove this message
1735:"Omani Music Masks A Slave Trading Past"
1723:
1251:
1057:Popular Front for the Liberation of Oman
751:become a different country than before.
622:
583:
500:
469:
360:
119:
1835:
481:The Kingdom of Oman was subdued by the
2920:
1829:
1480:from the original on 10 September 2018
1462:
1397:Omani Music Masks A Slave Trading Past
933:out of Umm Ruşayş on Masirah Island.
496:
2514:
1980:
1803:
1552:
1037:People's Democratic Republic of Yemen
356:
1914:from the original on 15 January 2020
1902:"Sultan Qaboos of Oman dies aged 79"
1836:Baldwin, Derek (December 17, 2009).
1811:"German WW2 u-boat located off Oman"
1753:
1741:from the original on 17 January 2023
1699:
1300:(15 October 1913 – 10 February 1932)
1270:(19 October 1856 – 11 February 1866)
974:
553:
46:adding citations to reliable sources
17:
2540:
2267:Consultative Assembly (lower house)
1894:
1778:
1733:Benjamin Plackett (30 March 2017).
1395:Benjamin Plackett (30 March 2017).
1339:History of the United Arab Emirates
1238:was sworn in as Oman's new sultan.
959:Günther Schmidt, taken aboard HMIS
898:units were also stationed in Oman.
337:all the way south to the island of
181:Migration of the Azd tribes to Oman
13:
1882:from the original on 17 April 2018
834:Muscat and Oman was the object of
755:Late 19th and early 20th centuries
520:; consolidation took place in the
14:
2939:
2006:
1972:Omani Ministry of Foreign Affairs
1955:
1472:Mari N. Jensen (8 October 2007).
1312:(23 July 1970 to 10 January 2020)
1306:(10 February 1932 – 23 July 1970)
1276:(11 February 1866 – October 1868)
1241:
1107:, and Jordan. By early 1975, the
407:
2901:
2892:
2891:
2103:
1282:(October 1868 – 30 January 1871)
936:On October 16, 1943, the German
425:conquests of Alexander the Great
275:
159:
22:
2095:2018–2019 unemployment protests
1940:from the original on 2022-09-22
1926:
1712:from the original on 2023-04-08
1693:
1682:from the original on 2018-03-20
1664:
1595:
1516:Dan Potts, The Booty of Magan,
1294:(4 June 1888 – 15 October 1913)
1288:(30 January 1871 – 4 June 1888)
869:
516:in 630, during the lifetime of
33:needs additional citations for
2859:British Indian Ocean Territory
2262:Council of State (upper house)
1567:
1559:. Harrison and sons. pp.
1553:Miles, Samuel Barrett (1919).
1546:
1523:
1510:
1501:
1492:
1403:
1388:
1256:Standard of the Sultan of Oman
1043:, which later merged with the
807:, r. 1856–1866) and Zanzibar (
542:, the leader nominated by the
1:
1864:Molly Patterson (Fall 2013).
1476:. The University of Arizona.
1381:
1083:, who later died in exile in
1059:(PFLO), while continuing the
1661:, 1993. Retrieved 2006-10-28
1608:, pg. 201. Jubilee edition.
1437:10.1371/journal.pone.0028239
1353:on the Omani side) with Oman
627:Areas under the Omani Empire
431:, its capital, perhaps near
127:, one of the best-preserved
7:
2090:2011 protests (Arab Spring)
1322:
1318:(11 January 2020 – present)
805:Thuwaini ibn Said Al-Busaid
10:
2944:
1498:Armitage, S.J. et al. 2011
1334:History of the Middle East
1245:
1191:
978:
931:Consolidated PBY Catalinas
767:Sa'id bin Sultan Al-Busaid
758:
696:This period also included
374:archaeological excavations
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1873:The Middle Ground Journal
1039:), the rebels formed the
656:Ahmad bin Said al-Busaidi
588:Wall of the Jabrin Castle
457:Pre-islamic recent period
2608:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
1187:
1144:
1066:
911:Vickers Wellington XIIIs
882:established stations on
821:Turki bin Said Al-Busaid
813:Azzan bin Qais Al-Busaid
809:Mayid ibn Said Al-Busaid
2869:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1153:, Oman's first written
1077:Qaboos bin Said al Said
1041:Dhofar Liberation Front
577:In 1154 the indigenous
216:Portuguese colonization
2420:International rankings
2161:Rub' al Khali (desert)
1790:Royal Air Force Museum
1786:"The Second World War"
1765:NevingtonWarMuseum.com
1659:US Library of Congress
1257:
1248:List of rulers of Oman
1073:1970 Omani coup d'état
1015:In 1964, a separatist
709:Sultan Said ibn Sultan
628:
589:
506:
478:
369:
132:
1647:A Country Study: Oman
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1177:while supporting the
1151:Basic Statute of Oman
874:Upon the outbreak of
775:Sultanate of Zanzibar
739:coast of present-day
707:During the period of
626:
587:
504:
491:Aksumite–Persian wars
473:
423:. By the time of the
364:
241:Sultanate of Zanzibar
123:
2783:United Arab Emirates
2166:World heritage sites
1817:. September 16, 2011
1614:Stacey International
1135:economic development
927:No. 321 Squadron RAF
923:No. 265 Squadron RAF
919:No. 209 Squadron RAF
900:No. 244 Squadron RAF
700:in Oman's colony of
592:The Portuguese took
461:United Arab Emirates
42:improve this article
2810:limited recognition
2038:Incense trade route
1910:. 11 January 2020.
1706:The Simble Investor
1700:Shaq (2012-01-17).
1581:on October 28, 2009
1428:2011PLoSO...628239R
1194:2011 Omani protests
1079:ousted his father,
1031:such as the former
1029:leftist governments
1023:province. Aided by
731:, and (until 1958)
649:Bal'arab bin Himyar
574:in southern India.
497:Conversion to Islam
2320:Telecommunications
1737:. Al-Fanar Media.
1652:2014-04-13 at the
1274:Salim bin Thuwaini
1258:
1123:, consisted of 26
904:Bristol Blenheim V
704:in the year 1784.
633:Saif bin Sultan II
629:
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266:2018–2019 protests
176:Achaemenid control
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1542:978-3-447-10127-1
1399:. Al-Fanar Media.
1316:Haitham bin Tariq
1298:Taimur bin Feisal
1268:Thuwaini bin Said
1236:Haitham bin Tariq
975:Late 20th century
956:Matrosengefreiter
831:in January 1871.
554:Foreign invasions
505:Vestiges in Nizwa
421:Achaemenid Empire
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2668:South Korea
2663:North Korea
2558:Afghanistan
2295:Agriculture
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2136:Eco-regions
2028:Archaeology
1592:2009-10-31.
1585:December 1,
1231:countries.
1047:-dominated
1033:South Yemen
967:and made a
965:Khor Fakkan
915:Arabian Sea
892:Ras al Hadd
888:RAF Masirah
786:Oman proper
737:Arabian Sea
610:slave trade
489:during the
323:Arab tribes
150:History of
125:Nakhal Fort
2788:Uzbekistan
2763:Tajikistan
2678:Kyrgyzstan
2658:Kazakhstan
2578:Bangladesh
2568:Azerbaijan
2415:Healthcare
2234:Government
1967:Chronology
1944:2021-08-03
1918:10 January
1716:2022-07-19
1686:2018-03-19
1622:0905743636
1610:Kensington
1382:References
1351:Al-Buraimi
1192:See also:
1109:guerrillas
849:navigation
686:Al Batinah
660:Nadir Shah
645:Nader Shah
560:Qarmatians
529:Kharijites
522:Ridda Wars
476:Khosrow II
402:Jebel Faya
339:Madagascar
256:Dhofar War
68:newspapers
2874:Hong Kong
2828:Palestine
2753:Sri Lanka
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2628:Indonesia
2400:Education
2330:Transport
2310:Petroleum
2305:Companies
2151:Provinces
2114:Geography
1843:Gulf News
1815:X-Ray Mag
1530:Paul Yule
1125:ministers
1025:Communist
1019:began in
999:rebellion
890:) and at
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690:Ar Rustaq
449:Sassanian
347:Mogadishu
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2922:Category
2897:Category
2818:Abkhazia
2768:Thailand
2723:Pakistan
2703:Mongolia
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2693:Malaysia
2593:Cambodia
2495:Category
2445:Religion
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2388:regional
2335:airports
2219:Military
2185:Politics
2171:Wildlife
2012:articles
1938:Archived
1912:Archived
1907:BBC News
1877:Archived
1849:9 August
1821:9 August
1795:9 August
1770:9 August
1739:Archived
1710:Archived
1680:Archived
1650:Archived
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1478:Archived
1456:22140561
1416:PLOS ONE
1323:See also
1175:Gulf War
1159:Qur'anic
991:conflict
961:Hiravati
951:Fujairah
917:, while
844:commerce
741:Pakistan
702:Zanzibar
698:a revolt
664:Khurasan
639:and the
618:Zanzibar
598:Ottomans
536:Ibadhism
524:in 632.
518:Muhammad
445:Parthian
343:Zanzibar
327:Portugal
141:a series
139:Part of
131:in Oman.
2793:Vietnam
2708:Myanmar
2688:Lebanon
2618:Georgia
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2563:Armenia
2479:Outline
2383:Culture
2378:Cuisine
2351:Society
2325:Tourism
2283:Economy
2257:Council
2252:Cabinet
2141:Geology
2126:Borders
2020:History
1886:17 July
1745:17 July
1447:3227647
1424:Bibcode
1210:chamber
1121:cabinet
1093:slavery
1071:In the
1045:Marxist
840:British
829:Muttrah
771:Britain
735:on the
725:Mombasa
641:Ghafiri
603:Yarubid
564:Buyyids
465:Bedouin
417:satrapy
331:Britain
186:Ibadism
82:scholar
2838:Taiwan
2773:Turkey
2738:Russia
2673:Kuwait
2653:Jordan
2643:Israel
2603:Cyprus
2588:Brunei
2583:Bhutan
2500:Portal
2435:People
2405:Emblem
2368:Cinema
2363:Anthem
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2156:Rivers
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733:Gwadar
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2758:Syria
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2486:Index
2460:Women
2450:Sport
2430:Music
2373:Crime
2033:Magan
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1188:2000s
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746:When
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171:Magan
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2718:Oman
2683:Laos
2638:Iraq
2633:Iran
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2207:LGBT
2008:Oman
1920:2020
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1823:2024
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1772:2024
1747:2017
1618:ISBN
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1587:2008
1563:–27.
1538:ISBN
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