842:
hand-to-hand fight, which was very long and very bloody. The
Katsina people killed 15 of their enemy, among whom was the Hi-Koi, mentioned above. They took the remaining nine, all of whom were wounded, prsioner – including among them 'Alouaz-Lil, the son of Faran Umar-Komzagho and father of Qasem, Bokar-Chili-Idji, Muhammad-Della-Idji, etc. The victors took care of the wounded and gave them back to Askia Daud, telling them that 'men of such quality, endowed with such great valour and such courage, did not deserve to die'. The vigour and daring of these warriros so amazed the people of Katsina that ever afterwards they spoke of them as models to be followed.
582:
1089:
1192:, for further guidance. However, Na Alhaji and Umaru Dumyawa grew impatient during the wait, as they believed they had already been granted a flag by the Shehu, and saw no reason to wait further for his son. Consequently, when Bello eventually arrived, he found only Umaru Dallaji waiting. Bello immediately handed him the true flag to lead the jihad in Katsina despite the other two being Umaru's seniors. Meanwhile, Umaru Dumyawa arrived back in Katsina, entering the Kofar Guga ('Gate of Guga'), and attacked the inhabitants and occupying the house of the Sarkin
554:
3119:
945:
1253:
675:
44:
1167:
1208:, where he killed Mare Mawa Mahmudu, the Sarkin Katsina at the time. Following this defeat, approximately 30,000 Katsinawa, including members of the nobility, migrated to Dankama. They organized a counter-attack against Umaru Dallaji but were unsuccessful. The shame brought about by this defeat led Sarkin Katsina Halidu to take his own life by throwing himself down a well, effectively ending the Korau dynasty. The remainder of the exiled Katsinawa went further north and founded the city of
1075:
when even this is mostly deserted, there are scarcely seven or eight thousand people living in it. In former times it was the residence of a prince, who, though he seems never to have attained to any remarkable degree of power, and was, indeed, almost always in some degree dependent on, or a vassal of the King of Bornu, nevertheless was one of the most wealthy and conspicuous rulers of
Negroland. Every prince, at his accession to the throne, had to forward a sort of tribute or present to
786:
3030:
1079:, the capital of the Bornu empire, consisting of one hundred slaves, as a token of his obedience; but this being done, it does not appear that his sovereign rights were in any way interfered with. In fact, Katsena, during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries of our era, seems to have been the chief city of this part of Negroland, as well in commercial and political importance as in other respects.
509:, approximately eighteen miles southeast of the present-day city of Katsina. Today, the district leader of Durbi ta Kusheyi still holds the title of Durbi. The original inhabitants of the town are referred to as the Durbawa. Within the town, there are seven prominent burial mounds believed to contain the remains of early rulers of Katsina, including figures such as Kumayo, Ramba-Ramba, and Sanau.
1204:, the three leaders met at Runka and had a dispute. During the argument, Umaru Dallaji allegedly slapped Na Alhaji, leading to further tensions. Umaru Dallaji then proceeded alone to attack Katsina, while Na Alhaji retreated to Zakka and Umaru Dumyawa returned to Zandam. Umaru Dallaji's military campaign took him from Radda to Banye and eventually to Sabon Birni in
578:
advantage, devised a plan to challenge Sanau to a wrestling match, as the sarki ('king') was obligated to accept such challenges. His strategy revolved around challenging Sanau during a feast to which Sanau, as sarki, had invited him. However, before attending the event, Korau managed to persuade Sanau's wife to steal her husband's charm.
476:
597:('elephant's head'), as the residence of the sarki was called. During the match, Sanau was quickly tackled moments into the fight as he was powerless without his charms. While on the ground, Korau acted swiftly, drawing a sword and fatally stabbing the sarki. Sanau lost his life, and Korau was subsequently crowned as the
908:. Katsina attempted a counterattack not long after but failed at Karayi. A century later, during the reign of Uban-Yari (also known as Muhammadu Dan Wari) in Katsina, the city led multiple battles against Kano, resulting in the deaths of several Sarkunan Kano, including figures like Magani Mai Amfani Baki,
841:
Askia Daud went to Kukia, whence he sent the Hi-Koi, Ali Dudo, against
Katsina at the head of a detachment consisting of 24 horsemen. This detachment encountered, at a place called Karfata, a body of 400 horsemen belonging to the people of Lipti in the country of Katsina. The two forces engaged in a
618:
history associated with his hometown of
Yandoto. Despite the under-handed methods Korau used to capture the throne of Katsina, the Durbawa, who were on the receiving end of his treachery, managed to maintain an 'amicable' relationship with the Wangarawa. In fact, their relationship appeared to have
704:
Then there is
Gwauron Tamberi ('the bachelor drum') due to its imposing size, which towers above all other ceremonial drums. The drum was continuously beaten from the top of the Soron Bawada tower during wartime. This two-storied tower stands on the very site where Korau killed Sanau. The Tambura,
1268:, Katsina had other lesser flag-bearers who communicated directly with the Sokoto government. These lesser flag-bearers included Umaru Dumyawa (Sarkin Sullubawa) and Muhamman Dikko (son of Na Alhaji) of the Yandakawa. In this context, the Emir of Katsina held a position that could be described as
1074:
The town, if only half of its immense area were ever tolerably well inhabited, must certainly have had a population of at least a hundred thousand souls, for its circuit is between thirteen and fourteen
English miles. At present, when the inhabited quarter is reduced to the northwestern part, and
846:
During this period, Katsina experienced considerable growth, expanding to cover a circuit of approximately seven or eight miles. The city became highly diverse with numerous principal quarters and neighborhoods, including the official quarter, old quarter, and distinct areas for residents from
577:
and was a close companion of Sanau. Although Sanau was also a wrestler, he achieved greater success and local recognition as a champion. Rumors began to circulate that Sanau's wrestling prowess was attributed to a protective charm he wore around his waist during matches. Korau, aware of this
1235:. While en-route to launch a military campaign in Yandoto, Muhammad Bello met these jihad leaders in Birnin Gada and conveyed a letter from the Shehu. Due to his old age, Shehu Usman was unable to undertake the journey himself, but he instructed the leaders to formally pledge allegiance (
516:
settlers arrived in
Katsina as early as the 10th-century, although Kumayo's dynasty likely did not commence until the 12th-century or even later. The Berbers residing in Durbi ta Kusheyi and Bugaje reportedly convened annually at Ambuttai for festivities and wrestling displays.
932:. Curiously, like in Kano, despite the opportunity to do so, Kwararafa did not fully occupy the city. According to oral tradition, it is believed that the Kwararafa general, while mounting his horse, was kicked in the groin and died on the spot due to the prayers of
524:
and was eventually subdued by Kumayo. A rock near Mani bears his name as a testament to his historical significance. The early monarchs were chosen alternatively from both houses, with the descendants of
Janzama being referred to as Larabawa (the
1183:
The Shehu gave each of the three leaders a flag to lead the jihad in
Katsina. According to Katsina tradition, Usman had difficulty deciding between them, so he initially gave each a separate, lesser flag. He instructed them to go and meet with
971:. This tribute practice continued until the reign of Agwaragi (1784/5–1801/2). Bornu played a protective role for Katsina and achieved military successes, including capturing a thousand prisoners during a battle under the rule of Mai Haj Ali.
1196:
while Na Alhaji entered through Kofar
Yandaka ('Gate of Yandaka') and fought the inhabitants there occupying the house of Yandaka. This is the origin of the 'great Katsina families' of the Sullubawa of Bugaje and the Yandakawa of Dutsinma.
1132:) into their practice of Islam. Furthermore, the influence held by Bori priests over the Sarakuna was deemed unacceptable for Muslim rulers by Usman and his followers. This religious revolution, or jihad, led to the establishment of the
923:
In 1653, Kwararafa, led by Adashu, launched an attack on Kano, penetrating the city's gates. In 1671, Kwararafa breached Kano once more, resulting in the slaughter of many inhabitants, with the Sarkin Kano fleeing to the neighboring
619:
mended to the extent that the Durbawa were once again considered as candidates for new chiefs during elections. The Durbawa were regarded as the repositories of all knowledge concerning the local deities and spirits, good or evil.
705:
responsible for playing the drum, observes specific traditions, including beating it three times during the turbanning ceremonies of senior district heads. Furthermore, the drum plays a central role in various festivals such as
721:
The 9th Sarkin Katsina, who was also the first Muslim ruler to hold the title, was Muhammadu Korau. His reign spanned from approximately 1492/3 to 1541/2. During his rule, he launched military campaigns against the neighboring
741:
title. He took steps to further strengthen Islam in Katsina. Notably, Ibrahim Sura issued a decree that required his subjects to choose between prayer or imprisonment. Unlike in Kano, where the aristocracy hesitated, the
895:
managed to defeat Katsina, bringing an end to the war. However, in the 1570s, Katsina launched an attack, causing significant damage and advancing right up to the gates of Kano. Towards the end of the century,
658:
inscription that reads, "Help cometh from Allah and victory is nigh, so announce glad tidings to the faithful, O Muhammad!". On the reverse side of the blade, another inscription reads, "There is no sword save
541:
According to oral tradition, the final ruler from Kumayo's lineage was Sanau, who was killed in the middle of the 13th-century at the hands of a certain mallam (Islamic scholar) named Korau, hailing from
928:. Around the same time, Kwararafa also invaded Katsina, breaching its city walls and controlling the western section of the city. They threw numerous city inhabitants into a large pit, now known as
221:
201:
206:
1163:
went to assist the reformers and the Shehu. Na Alhaji was known as a mallam who had married one of the daughters of the Sarkin Katsina. All three individuals were of the Sullubawa Fulbe clan.
231:
226:
211:
196:
23:
216:
630:
and Koton Koro. Subsequently, Jida Yaki, who succeeded Ibrahim, is noted as the last pagan Sarkin Katsina. His reign spanned forty years and was characterized by ongoing conflicts with
1046:
here attained the greatest richness of form and the most refined pronunciation so also the manners of Katséna were distinguished by superior politness from those of the other towns of
392:
according to legend. Throughout its history, Katsina has been governed by various dynasties, including the Wangarawa and the Dallazawa, and was a vassal to neighboring empires such as
191:
671:, the 50th Sarkin Katsina, carried Gajere in his hand during the 1959 royal durbar, marking a historic occasion, as it was the first time the sword was permitted to leave Katsina.
611:," which translates to "successor of Korau, wizard of Sauri, guest of Sanau who killed his host," commemorating this dramatic and fateful turn of events in Katsina's history.
462:
for "men"). This could imply a meaning along the lines of "children of" or "sons of." Alternatively, it could potentially have originated from "Asheni" (Tamashek for "blood").
53:
726:, which bordered Katsina at that time. Importantly, Muhammadu Korau's era witnessed an Islamic revival within Katsina, partly attributed to the visit of the renowned
690:" meaning "Korau the invincible, Korau the possessor of the brazen pot". This pot was used to prepare charms for the king's officials and officers before a battle.
1128:
empires. The primary objective of Usman's jihad was to reform Islam in Hausaland. The Sarakuna (rulers) of the Hausa kingdoms had incorporated elements of Bori (
367:
686:
Among Katsina's historical treasures, the Camel-Drum or Bronze Pot of Korau holds a prominent place. It is famously mentioned in a Hausa song that extols "
746:
or "peasants," embraced Islam in Katsina during this period. Following Ibrahim Sura, Ali Murabus ascended to power and is credited with constructing the
125:
115:
3063:
1245:(the Commander of the Faithful). Each of the leaders complied with this directive and subsequently dispersed to lead the jihad in their respective
867:. Additionally, there were quarters dedicated to various trades, a students' quarter, a dancing quarter, and a quarter situated at each of the
1289:, the capital of Katsina. The Dallazawa dynasty maintained its rule over Katsina until 1904 when Sarkin Katsina Abubakar was deposed by the
1011:
1281:, the Dallazawa dynasty, to which Umaru Dallaji belonged, traced their ancestry back to an Arab named Muhammadu Goshi, who hailed from
1054:
Katsina also evolved into a vital commercial center, attracting numerous caravans from different directions. It assumed the role that
543:
360:
1223:
of 1805–6, Shehu Usman dispatched Umaru Dallaji to coordinate a meeting in Magami, which brought together leaders of the jihad from
916:. However, the two Muslim states eventually set aside their differences and signed a treaty of alliance against their common enemy,
490:
90:
3331:
3018:
1006:. Its zenith of prosperity and influence was in the early 18th-century. Scholars increasingly visited Katsina, favoring it over
956:
3118:
2907:
2875:
2765:
2733:
2626:
642:
The short sword which Korau used to treacherously seize the throne of Katsina is now the insignia of Katsina and is known as
353:
95:
963:. As part of this alliance, each newly enthroned Sarkin Katsina was expected to send a tribute of a hundred slaves to the
3068:
458:
word for "mother," the first part of "Katsina" may have its roots in words like "izze" (Tamashek for "son") and "mazza" (
3093:
3088:
3078:
3073:
975:(Dan Marina), the renowned poet and saint from Katsina, composed a poem to commemorate Mai Ali of Bornu's victory over
773:. Due to its relatively early adoption of Islam and it being a 'major commercial emporium', scholars from all over the
2996:
3326:
3097:
2547:
3108:
3058:
130:
1058:
had previously held as the epicenter of commerce in Hausaland. Katsina's influence extended to regions such as
803:
of Timbuktu. Katsina, in particular, benefited from the influx of Islamic scholars, including individuals like
60:
100:
936:. This incident led to the Kwararafa army's retreat from the city, sparing Katsina from further occupation.
3011:
2899:
Transnational Islam : Circulation of religious Ideas, Actors and Practices between Niger and Nigeria
32:
701:. The sword was taken after his defeat to Agwaragi, Sarkin Katsina, in the middle of the 18th-century.
3103:
1265:
1189:
1137:
646:('the short one'). This blade, which dates back to the 13th century and exhibits influences from the
807:
and Muhammad bin Ahmed. The latter, Muhammad bin Ahmed, remained in Katsina and was appointed as an
435:
In accordance with oral tradition, the name "Katsina" is said to have originated from a princess of
43:
1136:. For the first time in the region's history, it united all of Hausaland under a single ruler, the
1113:
135:
120:
105:
1220:
2442:
1030:(magic squares, ulum al awfaq) and letter images (ulum al harif). The leather-working trade from
996:
868:
819:
and a devout Muslim, conquered Katsina in 1512. During this period, Katsina essentially became a
751:
110:
581:
3321:
3127:
3004:
1121:
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901:
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city-states, but it remained indecisive. It was only during the rule of his son and successor,
848:
761:
was established and it functioned as a university. The kingdom attracted Islamic scholars from
397:
827:, but it eventually regained its independence in 1554 following the battle of Karfata against
2379:
1290:
904:, retaliated by raiding Katsina, taking prisoners and horses on the last day of that year's
2755:
626:. Following his reign, Ibrahim Yanka Dari ascended to power and was said to have captured
454:" (Machinna) and "Teshinna" (Tachinna), which feature the suffix "inna," derived from the
8:
1241:
1088:
1034:, introduced by the Songhai, became a significant industry in the kingdom. The explorer
1031:
864:
734:
622:
Korau's era was situated in the mid-13th century, and during his rule, he made war with
3026:
2983:
1270:
1015:
804:
790:
758:
573:, whose name may have derived from "kora," meaning 'to drive out,' had a background in
489:
According to oral tradition, the first dynasty to rule over Katsina was established by
2927:
2813:
2723:
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2975:
2947:
2903:
2871:
2845:
2794:
2761:
2729:
2698:
2662:
2622:
2584:
2533:
The Emirates of Northern Nigeria: A Preliminary Survey of Their Historical Traditions
1120:
kingdom but quickly gained momentum across the region and even reached as far as the
1055:
892:
647:
455:
420:
1200:
Another version of the tradition suggests that after receiving their flags from the
1257:
1133:
1002:
During this period, Katsina rose to prominence as one of the leading cities in the
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888:
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800:
603:
451:
75:
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1775:
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1027:
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913:
832:
651:
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553:
502:
479:
447:
440:
309:
249:
2966:
Ghanem, Isam (1975). "The Causes and Motives of the Jihad in Northern Nigeria".
1285:. Muhammadu Goshi settled in Makau, located near Giremawa on the plains east of
1143:
The Katsinawa offered support for the jihad. Much of this support came from the
3300:
3220:
3215:
3185:
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1185:
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1047:
1043:
1035:
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498:
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416:
408:
393:
385:
65:
737:
in 1493. Muhammadu Korau was succeeded by Ibrahim Sura, whose last name is a
475:
411:, attracting scholars from the wider region, especially during the decline of
3315:
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1209:
1176:
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436:
381:
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163:
2863:
2318:
1282:
1224:
1166:
1067:
884:
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723:
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Korau's dynasty was known as the Wangarawa, a name likely derived from the
329:
324:
279:
274:
254:
153:
85:
80:
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738:
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314:
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269:
264:
259:
168:
2833:
2782:
3255:
3140:
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1264:
Despite Umaru Dallaje being the only recognised Emir of Katsina by the
1125:
1076:
1010:. Katsina also produced well respected scholars such as the celebrated
972:
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909:
334:
299:
284:
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1100:
At the outset of the 19th century, an Islamic revolution swept across
3190:
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1509:
1341:
1236:
1193:
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917:
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in the 17th and 18th centuries. However, in 1903, Katsina came under
389:
70:
2548:"Katsina | Map, Ancient City, & Emirate in Nigeria | Britannica"
3165:
1458:
1155:. When the jihad erupted in Katsina, Umaru Dumyawa, Na Alhaji, and
1038:, who visited the kingdom a century later, described the period as:
1007:
770:
660:
412:
3295:
3235:
3225:
3195:
3170:
3155:
3145:
3044:
2834:"A Social and Political History of Katsina Metropolis, 1960-2007"
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1019:
905:
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424:
404:
173:
2783:"Pre-Colonial West Africa: The Fall of Songhai Empire Revisited"
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sword, known as 'the deaf one,' which was once owned by Yakubu,
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3230:
3205:
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3135:
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The Hausa rulers of Katsina according to historian S J Hogben.
820:
811:. The spread of Islam in Katsina received further impetus when
766:
158:
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in the west, and encompassed territory to the south as far as
3265:
3240:
3210:
3180:
1746:
1213:
1152:
1117:
992:
852:
698:
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eras, serves as the emblem of Katsina. It is adorned with an
631:
574:
526:
1018:. Scholars in cities like Yandoto and Zaye (known today as
979:
and their eventual expulsion from Hausaland. According to
808:
731:
2864:"Being and Becoming Hausa: Interdisciplinary Perspectives"
1679:
Son of Usman. Also called 'Mai-kere' ('the bearer of the
824:
664:
655:
505:(meaning "tombs of the chief priest"), a settlement near
2614:
1022:) gained gained fame for their works in the fields of
2687:"The Regalia of Katsina, Northern Provinces, Nigeria"
609:
Magajin Korau, Mayen Sauri, Yanka Mashidi Bakon Sanau
593:. Today, the tree stands on the site occupied by the
520:
Janzama, king of the Durbawa, wedded a princess from
799:
became a destination for visiting scholars from the
2929:
Travelers and Discoveries: North and Central Africa
955:Towards the end of the 16th century, following the
777:found Katsina as an attractive place of residence.
2925:
1175:(commander of the cavalry) of Sultan Sery Ussa of
550:). Subsequently, Korau established a new dynasty.
2530:A. H. M. Kirk-Greene S. J. Hogben (1966-01-01).
3313:
439:who wedded Janzama, the ruler of the Durbawa of
388:, believed to be founded by the descendants of
384:stretches over a millennium. It is part of the
3012:
2815:Nigerian Perspectives An Historical Anthology
1147:, a Fulani clan. Umaru Dumyawa, the leader ('
1083:
883:, an eleven-year war erupted between the two
601:('king of Katsina'). Even today, the king's
361:
2838:Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria
2787:Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria
1151:') of the Sullubawa, resided near Zandam in
688:Korau Abu hungurum, Korau mai tukunyar karfe
1636:Also known to 'some' as Muhammadu dan Wari
1482:'Karya Giwa' meaning 'Elephant slayer'. An
3019:
3005:
2660:
2618:One Thousand Years of West African History
1797:
637:
368:
354:
939:
1251:
1165:
1087:
959:, Katsina shifted its allegiance to the
943:
784:
673:
580:
552:
474:
2902:. WAPOSO Series. Ibadan: IFRA-Nigeria.
2811:
2760:. New York: Columbia University Press.
765:and from older Islamic centres such as
607:('praise poetry') includes the phrase "
3314:
2965:
2728:. Leiden; New York: E.J. Brill. 1994.
2684:
2570:
874:
589:The contest took place near Bawada, a
497:, thus the city-state was part of the
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1070:. Barth further describes the period:
780:
501:. Kumayo's reign was centered around
2945:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2691:Journal of the Royal African Society
2680:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2577:Journal of the Royal African Society
2499:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2481:
1296:
470:
2780:
419:. In 1987, it was established as a
13:
2956:
2936:
2916:
2822:
2664:The Muhammadan Emirates Of Nigeria
2615:J.F. and Ian Espie Ajayi (1969).
536:
529:), signifying their connection to
465:
14:
3343:
2896:Apard, Élodie, ed. (2021-07-22).
2742:
2709:
2671:
2635:
2595:
2478:
693:Another significant relic is the
3117:
3028:
192:Pacification of Northern Nigeria
42:
2889:
2856:
2805:
1523:'the putter of men to flight.'
1291:British colonial administration
991:, Katsina also paid tribute to
3332:Histories of cities in Nigeria
2774:
2564:
2540:
1012:Muhammad Al-Fulani Al-Kishwani
716:
585:Entrance to the palace in 1959
493:, a grandson of the legendary
1:
2952:. New York: Humanities Press.
2472:
1517:Muhammadu 'Mai-sa-maza-gudu'
957:decline of the Songhai Empire
430:
407:was a prominent city in the
7:
2932:. Frank Cass & Co. Ltd.
2926:Dr. Heinrich Barth (1965).
2725:Arabic literature of Africa
10:
3348:
2536:. Oxford University Press.
1084:Under the Sokoto Caliphate
757:Around the same time, the
3126:
3115:
3051:
3041:
2781:Ewa, Ibiang Oden (2017).
2754:Ajayi, J. F. Ade (1976).
2685:Daniel, F. de F. (1932).
2417:
2415:
2354:
2352:
2293:
2291:
2232:
2230:
2176:
2174:
2054:
2052:
2004:
2002:
1978:
1976:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1882:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1385:
1320:
1274:('first among equals').
815:, the first Askia of the
450:, similar to names like "
3327:History of Katsina State
2868:Being and Becoming Hausa
2812:Hodgkin, Thomas (1941).
512:It is worth noting that
1798:Fulani Emirs of Katsina
1610:Muhammadu Toya Rero II
1277:According to historian
1116:initially began in the
837:describes the battle as
638:Korau's royal insignias
2832:Shehu, Jamilu (2012).
2757:History of West Africa
2571:Palmer, H. R. (1927).
1657:Son of Muhammadu Wari
1497:'Eclipser of the sun'
1421:Ruled for forty years
1261:
1180:
1097:
1081:
1052:
952:
940:Under the Bornu empire
844:
793:
752:outer walls of Katsina
683:
586:
567:
486:
2946:Last, Murray (1967).
2870:, Brill, 2010-07-12,
1255:
1214:Republic of the Niger
1169:
1110:Shehu Usman dan Fodio
1091:
1072:
1040:
947:
839:
788:
677:
584:
556:
478:
417:British colonial rule
71:Kwararafa Confederacy
2949:The Sokoto Caliphate
2621:. Prometheus Books.
2573:"History of Katsina"
1528:Aliyu 'Jan Hazo' II
1466:Muhammadu Toya Rero
995:during the reign of
879:During the reign of
2661:S J Hogben (1930).
1745:Buried at Dokau in
1709:Muhammadu Wari III
1605:Son of 'Tsagarana'
1432:First Muslim sarki
1405:Ibrahim Yanka Dari
1306:
875:Conflicts with Kano
735:Muhammad al-Maghili
499:Hausa Bakwai states
482:marked on a map of
386:Hausa Bakwai states
101:Protectorate Period
2552:www.britannica.com
2126:Sullubawa dynasty
1805:Dallazawa dynasty
1768:Mare Mawa Mahmudu
1620:Muhammadu Wari II
1584:Son of Abdulkarim
1491:Usman 'Tsagarana'
1484:eclipse of the sun
1304:
1271:primus inter pares
1262:
1181:
1159:from Dallaji near
1104:, inspired by the
1098:
1092:Map of Katsina by
1016:Gobirau University
953:
801:Sankore University
794:
781:Under Songhai rule
684:
587:
568:
487:
3309:
3308:
3074:Executive Council
2909:979-10-92312-56-0
2877:978-90-04-18543-2
2767:978-0-231-04103-4
2735:978-90-04-09450-5
2628:978-0-391-00217-3
2470:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2450:
2387:
2324:
2263:
2121:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2089:
2042:
2015:
1958:
1947:
1936:
1925:
1834:
1795:
1794:
1673:Muhammadu Kabiya
1668:Son of Toya Rero
1662:Tsagarana Hassan
1599:Usman Na yi Nawa
1502:Aliyu 'Jan Hazo'
1476:Aliyu Karya Giwa
1297:Sarakunan Katsina
1279:Yusufu Bala Usman
1077:Birni Ghasréggomo
789:The 15th-century
663:and no hero save
471:The two dynasties
405:Katsina's capital
378:
377:
3339:
3121:
3033:
3032:
3031:
3021:
3014:
3007:
2998:
2997:
2992:
2991:
2963:
2954:
2953:
2943:
2934:
2933:
2923:
2914:
2913:
2893:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2884:
2860:
2854:
2853:
2829:
2820:
2819:
2809:
2803:
2802:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2751:
2740:
2739:
2720:
2707:
2706:
2682:
2669:
2668:
2658:
2633:
2632:
2612:
2593:
2592:
2583:(103): 216–236.
2568:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2558:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2527:
2448:
2385:
2322:
2261:
2132:
2131:
2123:
2122:
2087:
2040:
2013:
1956:
1945:
1934:
1923:
1832:
1811:
1810:
1802:
1801:
1739:Tsagarana Gwozo
1704:Son of Jan Hazo
1688:Tsagarana Yahya
1461:' or 'holy man'
1426:Muhammadu Korau
1381:Killed by Korau
1344:and son of Bawo
1307:
1303:
1258:Sokoto Caliphate
1242:Amir al-Mu'minin
1138:Sultan of Sokoto
1134:Sokoto Caliphate
869:eight city gates
750:, which are the
503:Durbi ta Kusheyi
441:Durbi ta Kusheyi
370:
363:
356:
46:
36:
35:Northern Nigeria
18:
17:
3347:
3346:
3342:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3336:
3312:
3311:
3310:
3305:
3122:
3113:
3047:
3043:State capital:
3037:
3029:
3027:
3025:
2995:
2964:
2957:
2944:
2937:
2924:
2917:
2910:
2894:
2890:
2882:
2880:
2878:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2830:
2823:
2810:
2806:
2779:
2775:
2768:
2752:
2743:
2736:
2722:
2721:
2710:
2683:
2672:
2659:
2636:
2629:
2613:
2596:
2569:
2565:
2556:
2554:
2546:
2545:
2541:
2528:
2479:
2475:
2451:
2447:
2444:
2388:
2384:
2381:
2325:
2321:
2264:
2260:
2258:Muhammadu Dikko
2204:
2203:
2201:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2090:
2086:
2043:
2039:
2016:
2012:
1959:
1955:
1948:
1944:
1937:
1933:
1926:
1922:
1921:Muhammadu Bello
1835:
1831:
1800:
1786:Magajin Halidu
1749:(in modern-day
1698:Karya Giwa III
1505:1589/90–1595/6
1305:Hausa Sarakuna
1299:
1212:(in modern-day
1086:
1028:occult sciences
989:Infaq al-Maysur
950:Maradin Katsina
942:
877:
834:Tarikh al Sudan
805:Makhluf bin Ali
791:Gobirau Minaret
783:
719:
640:
562:(palace of the
546:(in modern-day
539:
537:Korau's dynasty
480:Durbi Takusheyi
473:
468:
466:Pre-Islamic era
433:
380:The history of
374:
345:
344:
245:
237:
236:
187:
179:
178:
149:
141:
140:
96:Colonial Period
56:
34:
27:
12:
11:
5:
3345:
3335:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3132:
3130:
3124:
3123:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3055:
3053:
3049:
3048:
3042:
3039:
3038:
3024:
3023:
3016:
3009:
3001:
2994:
2993:
2974:(4): 623–624.
2955:
2935:
2915:
2908:
2888:
2876:
2855:
2821:
2804:
2773:
2766:
2741:
2734:
2708:
2697:(122): 80–83.
2670:
2634:
2627:
2594:
2563:
2539:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2202:Gidado (Durbi)
2199:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2128:
2127:
2119:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2082:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2008:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1952:
1950:
1941:
1939:
1930:
1928:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1807:
1806:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1783:
1782:
1772:
1771:1804/5–1805/6
1769:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1761:1801/2–1804/5
1759:
1758:Bawa dan Gima
1755:
1754:
1743:
1740:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1732:1784/5–1801/2
1730:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1722:1767/8–1784/5
1720:
1719:Karya Giwa IV
1716:
1715:
1713:
1712:1758/9–1767/8
1710:
1706:
1705:
1702:
1701:1751/2–1758/9
1699:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1691:1750/1–1751/2
1689:
1685:
1684:
1677:
1676:1740/1–1750/1
1674:
1670:
1669:
1666:
1665:1728/9–1740/1
1663:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1654:1715/6–1728/9
1652:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1644:1706/7–1715/6
1642:
1641:Karya Giwa II
1638:
1637:
1634:
1633:1704/5–1706/7
1631:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1623:1701/2–1704/5
1621:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1613:1684/5–1701/2
1611:
1607:
1606:
1603:
1602:1667/8–1684/5
1600:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1592:1655/6–1667/8
1590:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1581:1644/5–1655/6
1579:
1578:Muhammad Wari
1575:
1574:
1572:
1571:1634/5–1644/5
1569:
1568:Ibrahim Gamda
1565:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1551:1631/2–1634/5
1549:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1541:1614/5–1631/2
1539:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1531:1612/3–1614/5
1529:
1525:
1524:
1521:
1520:1595/6–1612/3
1518:
1514:
1513:
1508:'Red like the
1506:
1503:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1487:
1480:
1477:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1469:1568/9–1572/3
1467:
1463:
1462:
1455:
1454:1543/4–1568/9
1452:
1448:
1447:
1441:
1440:1541/2–1543/4
1438:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1429:1492/3–1541/2
1427:
1423:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1345:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1331:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1298:
1295:
1287:Birnin Katsina
1266:Sarkin Musulmi
1188:, his son and
1186:Muhammad Bello
1085:
1082:
1062:in the north,
1044:Háusa language
1036:Heinrich Barth
1020:Birnin-Katsina
999:(1576–1610).
981:Muhammad Bello
973:Ibn al-Ṣabbāgh
948:Palace of the
941:
938:
876:
873:
817:Songhai Empire
782:
779:
759:Gobirau mosque
718:
715:
656:Islamic prayer
639:
636:
599:sarkin Katsina
564:Sarkin Katsina
538:
535:
472:
469:
467:
464:
432:
429:
423:within modern
376:
375:
373:
372:
365:
358:
350:
347:
346:
343:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
307:
302:
297:
292:
287:
282:
277:
272:
267:
262:
257:
252:
246:
243:
242:
239:
238:
235:
234:
229:
224:
219:
217:Historiography
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
188:
185:
184:
181:
180:
177:
176:
174:Igbirra People
171:
166:
161:
156:
150:
147:
146:
143:
142:
139:
138:
133:
128:
123:
118:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
57:
52:
51:
48:
47:
39:
38:
29:
28:
21:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3344:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3322:Hausa history
3320:
3319:
3317:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3129:
3125:
3120:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3099:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3040:
3036:
3035:Katsina State
3022:
3017:
3015:
3010:
3008:
3003:
3002:
2999:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2962:
2960:
2951:
2950:
2942:
2940:
2931:
2930:
2922:
2920:
2911:
2905:
2901:
2900:
2892:
2879:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2859:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2828:
2826:
2817:
2816:
2808:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2777:
2769:
2763:
2759:
2758:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2737:
2731:
2727:
2726:
2719:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2704:
2700:
2696:
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2649:
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2339:
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2320:
2306:
2304:
2278:
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2259:
2245:
2243:
2217:
2215:
2189:
2187:
2161:
2159:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2124:
2114:
2083:
2081:
2049:
2047:
2009:
2007:
1973:
1971:
1919:
1916:
1908:
1906:
1898:
1896:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1880:
1870:
1868:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1830:
1829:Umaru Dallaji
1812:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1803:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1781:
1777:
1776:Umaru Dallaji
1773:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1741:
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1708:
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1700:
1697:
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1687:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1653:
1651:Jan Hazo III
1650:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1538:Maje Ibrahim
1537:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1494:1585–1589/90
1493:
1490:
1489:
1486:in his reign
1485:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1446:
1442:
1439:
1437:Ibrahim Sura
1436:
1435:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1384:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1324:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1302:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1273:
1272:
1267:
1259:
1254:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1198:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1178:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1130:Hausa animism
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1114:Shehu's jihad
1111:
1107:
1103:
1095:
1094:James Rennell
1090:
1080:
1078:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1004:western Sudan
1000:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
951:
946:
937:
935:
931:
927:
921:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
898:Muhammad Zaki
894:
890:
886:
882:
881:Rumfa of Kano
872:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
843:
838:
836:
835:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
792:
787:
778:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
755:
753:
749:
748:gamuwar Amina
745:
740:
736:
733:
730:scholar from
729:
725:
714:
712:
708:
702:
700:
696:
691:
689:
681:
676:
672:
670:
666:
662:
657:
653:
649:
645:
635:
633:
629:
625:
620:
617:
612:
610:
606:
605:
600:
596:
592:
591:tamarind tree
583:
579:
576:
572:
565:
561:
560:
555:
551:
549:
545:
534:
532:
528:
523:
518:
515:
510:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
485:
484:Katsina state
481:
477:
463:
461:
457:
453:
449:
446:According to
444:
442:
438:
428:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
409:western Sudan
406:
403:At its peak,
401:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
371:
366:
364:
359:
357:
352:
351:
349:
348:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
247:
241:
240:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
189:
183:
182:
175:
172:
170:
167:
165:
164:Kanuri People
162:
160:
159:Fulani People
157:
155:
152:
151:
145:
144:
137:
134:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
107:
104:
102:
99:
97:
94:
92:
89:
87:
84:
82:
79:
77:
76:Sokoto Period
74:
72:
69:
67:
64:
62:
59:
58:
55:
50:
49:
45:
41:
40:
37:
31:
30:
25:
20:
19:
16:
3083:
2971:
2967:
2948:
2928:
2898:
2891:
2881:, retrieved
2867:
2858:
2841:
2837:
2814:
2807:
2790:
2786:
2776:
2756:
2724:
2694:
2690:
2663:
2617:
2580:
2576:
2566:
2555:. Retrieved
2551:
2542:
2532:
2386:r. 1981–2008
2323:r. 1944–1981
2319:Usman Nagogo
2262:r. 1906–1944
2088:r. 1887–1904
2041:r. 1904–1906
2014:r. 1870–1882
1957:r. 1890–1901
1943:Ahmadu Rufai
1935:r. 1835–1844
1924:r. 1844–1869
1833:r. 1806–1835
1680:
1479:1572/3–1585
1451:Ali Murabus
1443:Likely from
1387:
1386:
1349:Ramba-Ramba
1340:Grandson of
1330:(1100–1260)
1327:
1322:
1321:
1300:
1276:
1269:
1263:
1240:
1239:) to him as
1218:
1199:
1182:
1171:
1170:
1157:Mallam Umaru
1148:
1142:
1099:
1073:
1068:Birnin Gwari
1053:
1041:
1001:
988:
965:Mai of Bornu
961:Bornu Empire
954:
949:
929:
922:
878:
845:
840:
833:
813:Haj Muhammad
795:
775:Sudan region
763:North Africa
756:
747:
743:
724:Nupe kingdom
720:
711:Eid al-Kabir
703:
699:Sarkin Gobir
694:
692:
687:
685:
679:
669:Usman Nagogo
661:Dhu al Faqar
643:
641:
621:
613:
608:
602:
598:
594:
588:
570:
569:
563:
558:
557:
540:
519:
511:
488:
448:H. R. Palmer
445:
434:
402:
379:
289:
202:Demographics
154:Hausa People
148:By ethnicity
136:1999–present
91:Pre-colonial
66:Hausa States
15:
3064:Delegations
2844:: 196–202.
2445:Kabir Usman
2443:Abdulmumini
2382:Kabir Usman
1780:Sabon Birni
1548:Abdulkarim
1256:Map of the
1024:mathematics
997:Queen Amina
902:Sarkin Kano
717:Islamic era
707:Eid al-Fitr
559:Gidan Korau
169:Nupe People
33:History of
3316:Categories
3256:Malumfashi
3141:Batagarawa
2883:2023-09-22
2557:2023-09-21
2473:References
1774:Killed by
1630:Uban Yari
1415:Jida Yaki
1367:Jarnanata
1358:Bata tare
1221:dry season
969:Ngazargamu
934:Dan Masani
829:Askia Daud
61:Prehistory
3191:Dutsin-Ma
3161:Charanchi
3098:Elections
3079:Governors
3069:Education
2980:0025-1496
2850:0018-2540
2799:0018-2540
2703:0368-4016
2589:0368-4016
2380:Muhammadu
1729:Agwaragi
1589:Sulaiman
1510:Harmattan
1388:Wangarawa
1342:Bayajidda
1194:Sullubawa
1145:Sullubawa
1102:Hausaland
977:Kwararafa
930:Giwa-Rano
918:Kwararafa
889:Abdullahi
797:Hausaland
628:Kwiambana
624:Kwararafa
575:wrestling
531:Bayajidda
431:Etymology
390:Bayajidda
310:Nassarawa
212:Economics
207:Diplomacy
131:1993–1999
126:1983–1993
121:1979–1983
116:1966–1979
111:1963–1966
106:1953–1960
3251:Mai'Adua
3166:Dan Musa
3104:Religion
3094:Politics
2793:: 1–24.
2449:r. 2008–
2085:Abubakar
1459:Marabout
1328:Larabawa
1247:emirates
1172:Madawaki
1108:scholar
1008:Timbuktu
771:Timbuktu
744:talakawa
682:of Korau
495:Bayajida
456:Tamashek
413:Timbuktu
244:By state
227:Military
222:Medicine
186:By topic
54:Timeline
24:a series
22:Part of
3296:Sandamu
3236:Katsina
3226:Kankara
3196:Faskari
3171:Dandume
3156:Bindawa
3146:Batsari
3084:History
3045:Katsina
2988:2800142
2011:Ibrahim
1946:r. 1869
1789:1805/6
1751:Zamfara
1742:1801/2
1561:1634/5
1558:Ashafa
1398:1260–?
1335:Kumayo
1323:Durbawa
1233:Zamfara
1219:In the
1161:Bindawa
1064:Zamfara
1014:of the
987:in his
910:Kutumbi
906:Ramadan
891:, that
861:Songhai
652:Ayyubid
648:Almohad
616:Wangara
595:Kangiwa
544:Yandoto
514:Amazigh
452:Masinna
425:Nigeria
394:Songhai
382:Katsina
340:Zamfara
320:Plateau
290:Katsina
250:Adamawa
197:Culture
3291:Safana
3286:Sabuwa
3276:Musawa
3271:Matazu
3246:Kusada
3231:Kankia
3206:Ingawa
3201:Funtua
3136:Bakori
3089:People
3052:Topics
2986:
2978:
2906:
2874:
2848:
2797:
2764:
2732:
2701:
2625:
2587:
2146:Dahiru
1932:Sidiku
1395:Korau
1376:Sanau
1316:Notes
1313:Reign
1310:Sarki
1260:(1870)
1237:bay'ah
1231:, and
1210:Maradi
1190:vizier
1179:(1927)
1177:Maradi
1153:Jibiya
1112:. The
1106:Fulani
1096:(1798)
1060:Maradi
1032:Agadez
985:Sokoto
914:Alhaji
912:, and
865:Agadez
863:, and
831:. The
821:vassal
809:Alkali
767:Walata
728:Maliki
680:Gajere
644:Gajere
604:kirari
491:Kumayo
330:Taraba
325:Sokoto
280:Kaduna
275:Jigawa
255:Bauchi
26:on the
3301:Zango
3266:Mashi
3241:Kurfi
3221:Kaita
3216:Kafur
3211:Jibia
3186:Dutsi
3181:Daura
3176:Danja
3151:Baure
3109:Sport
3059:Crime
2984:JSTOR
1747:Gusau
1457:'The
1283:Wadai
1229:Daura
1206:Kaura
1202:Shehu
1122:Bornu
1118:Gobir
1048:Háusa
993:Zaria
926:Daura
885:Hausa
853:Gobir
849:Bornu
632:Gobir
571:Korau
548:Chafe
527:Arabs
522:Daura
460:Hausa
437:Daura
421:state
398:Bornu
315:Niger
305:Kwara
295:Kebbi
270:Gombe
265:Borno
260:Benue
232:Women
86:Bornu
81:Kanem
3281:Rimi
3261:Mani
3128:LGAs
2976:ISSN
2904:ISBN
2872:ISBN
2846:ISSN
2795:ISSN
2762:ISBN
2730:ISBN
2699:ISSN
2623:ISBN
2585:ISSN
2038:Yero
1954:Musa
1681:kere
1445:Mali
1326:and
1225:Kano
1149:Ardo
1124:and
1056:Kano
1042:the
893:Kano
857:Mali
769:and
739:Mali
732:Tuat
709:and
695:Bebe
678:The
650:and
507:Mani
396:and
335:Yobe
300:Kogi
285:Kano
2968:Man
2452:(4)
2389:(3)
2326:(2)
2265:(1)
2091:(7)
2044:(8)
2017:(5)
1960:(6)
1949:(4)
1938:(2)
1927:(3)
1836:(1)
1778:at
1683:')
1293:.
1216:).
1126:Oyo
983:of
967:in
825:Gao
823:of
754:.
667:."
665:Ali
443:.
3318::
2982:.
2972:10
2970:.
2958:^
2938:^
2918:^
2866:,
2842:21
2840:.
2836:.
2824:^
2791:26
2789:.
2785:.
2744:^
2711:^
2695:31
2693:.
2689:.
2673:^
2637:^
2597:^
2581:26
2579:.
2575:.
2550:.
2480:^
1753:)
1512:'
1418:?
1408:?
1227:,
1140:.
1026:,
920:.
900:,
871:.
859:,
855:,
851:,
713:.
634:.
533:.
427:.
400:.
3100:)
3096:(
3020:e
3013:t
3006:v
2990:.
2912:.
2852:.
2818:.
2801:.
2770:.
2738:.
2705:.
2667:.
2631:.
2591:.
2560:.
1249:.
1050:.
566:)
369:e
362:t
355:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
