History of Italian Americans in Boston

1038: 554: 1259: 190: 1212: 1435: 766: 420: 318: 2063: 944:. Another Boston anarchist, Antonio Cesarini of Roxbury, was among those arrested during a riot that erupted during a labor march in Roxbury on May 1, 1919. Two police officers and a civilian were shot, another officer was stabbed, dozens of officers and marchers were injured, and 113 marchers were arrested. Fourteen were sent to prison by the presiding judge, Albert F. Hayden; a few days later, Hayden's home was bombed, causing a great deal of damage but no injuries. 251:, numbered 15,000 in 1880; ten years later, only 5,000 remained. A large number of Jewish immigrants had also settled there, started businesses, and built synagogues; they stayed on longer than the Irish, but eventually they too were crowded out. By 1905, of the 27,000 people living in the North End, 22,000 were Italians. Groups of immigrants who had lived in the same part of Italy formed small enclaves, Abruzzesi on one block, Avellinesi on another, and so on. 870:, the pastor of Most Holy Redeemer parish in East Boston, was the first Roman Catholic priest elected to the Massachusetts legislature. As a state representative from 1970 to 1972 and president of the East Boston Neighborhood Council, he fought against the expansion of Logan Airport, was instrumental in getting the BRA to build an elderly housing development instead of the waterfront motel it had planned, and worked in the hospice movement. His 2049: 792:. From 1920 to 1940 they voted consistently, overwhelmingly, Democratic. In 1924, Democratic candidates for Congress and the Massachusetts senate received about 90% of the Italian vote. During this period there was a massive push by the Democratic party to mobilize new voters. Between 1924 and 1940, the number of male voters in the North End tripled, and the number of female voters increased eightfold. 4126: 411:. A massive wave of molasses flowed down Commercial Street towards the waterfront, killing 21 people and injuring 150. Lawyers for the tank's owners tried to blame the explosion on Italian anarchists. The accident was later found to be due to the tank's poor construction and maintenance, but not before the initial reports had fueled anti-Italian sentiment. 1292:, Sicily, brought the annual Madonna Della Cava (Our Lady of the Quarry) celebration to Boston in the early 20th century. According to legend, the Madonna appeared to a young villager in a dream and told him where to dig for a large stone that was miraculously adorned with her image. The stone still rests inside the Madonna Della Cava church in Sicily. 275:, and worked to end it; he introduced legislation to regulate the loosely run "immigrant banks", which were notorious for cheating poorly educated workers out of their savings; he founded the Italian Protective League of Boston, a benevolent society for new immigrants; and he helped to defeat a bill that would have required workers to be naturalized. 593:

1919. He was elected to the Massachusetts State Senate in 1932, narrowly defeating six Irish-American candidates, and ending years of Irish political domination in his district, which included East Boston, Charlestown, and the North, West, and South Ends. He went on to serve four consecutive terms, and was Boston Election Commissioner in several

629:" in 1941. Many were older women who had not become citizens because of language or literacy issues, and many had one or more children enlisted in the service. The proclamation was especially hard on Boston's Italian fishermen, whose boats were beached or in some cases requisitioned for use as patrol boats and minesweepers. 855:, the son of Italian immigrants, grew up poor in Boston's Roxbury and Dorchester neighborhoods, worked his way through law school, and became state attorney general, and later the lieutenant governor of Massachusetts. As state attorney general, he opposed legislation granting first amendment rights to corporations (see 1466:

accused him of sabotaging the Democratic party, saying, "I don't want to see an Italian party, and that's just what these people are doing." At the St. Patrick's Day parade, South Boston residents pelted Bellotti with beer cans and shouted ethnic slurs. Rumors circulated that Bellotti was beholden to

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Police statistics of the early 20th century in Boston show that Italians were no more of a criminal element than any other foreign-born group in the city. Nevertheless, they were stereotyped as criminals and discriminated against by the police, the courts, schoolteachers, college admissions officers,

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In the early 20th century, Italians in Boston, as in other cities, often clashed with the Irish despite the fact that the vast majority of both groups shared a common religion (Roman Catholic) and political party (Democratic). The Irish dominated Boston politics, the police department, and the local

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Despite some lingering stereotypes, Italians have made great strides in Boston; so much so that in 2004 the Associated Press ran an article titled, "Move Over, Irish; Italians Now Rule Boston". Today it is other immigrant groups, such as Mexicans and Central Americans, whose experience is comparable

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Known as a fiery-tempered defender of the "little man", state senator Joseph A. Langone, Jr., launched an investigation into Boston's welfare department, alleging it was withholding money from the needy, and in 1939 organized a march on City Hall to demand better services for the North End. His son,

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issued a proclamation—significantly, in both English and Italian—declaring August 23 Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti Memorial Day, and asking the public "to reflect upon these tragic events, and draw from their historic lessons the resolve to prevent the forces of intolerance, fear,

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Italian girls in Boston rarely went to work as domestics because they were expected to sleep under their parents' roof until they were married. Some women worked in the market gardens and farms around Boston, and in the factories and shops in town. Others were seamstresses. Some families made money

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In the early 20th century, many Italian Americans started their own businesses. Alessandro Badaracco, an immigrant, ran Boston's largest fruit business in 1900. Many sold fruit and produce from pushcarts. Italians dominated the local fishing industry. Many went into barbering; by 1930, the majority

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Mr. and Mrs. Langone were influential in Depression-era Boston politics. Joseph A. Langone, Jr. ran the Langone family funeral home, which handled the funeral of Sacco and Vanzetti. As a first lieutenant in the Massachusetts State Guard, he had once led a company during the Boston Police strike of

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By 1930 the North End was more densely populated than Calcutta, with more than 44,000 Italians living in an area less than a mile square. Most lived in overcrowded tenements with shared outdoor toilets. Fewer than 20% of the apartments had baths; residents bathed in sinks or public bath houses. At

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In August 1905, some 200 members of the North End's Liguria Society were parading down Federal Street when a trolley car driver refused to stop for them. Several "young ruffians" jumped onto the car and "set upon" the driver and the conductor, breaking windows and sending the passengers fleeing in

1227:. Italian Americans in Boston still hold several of these festivals each year. Some are three-day street festivals complete with parades, fireworks, contests, live music, and Italian food concessions. Others, due to shifts in the population, have become smaller-scale events consisting mainly of a 164:

Most of Boston's Italian immigrants were southern Italians who had little money and could speak little to no English. They faced many hardships in the early years, including exploitation and discrimination. Contrary to popular myth, they did not improve their lot solely by working hard; they held

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The true Italian type of countenance is oval, with a high forehead, an aquiline or old Roman nose, rather fair than dark in complexion, with black eyes and generally symmetrical outlines. The type of the Neapolitan who is not a genuine Italian is marked by a low forehead, small sharp nose, small

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after an Italian youth danced with an Irish girl. According to witnesses, an Irish police officer who arrived at the scene began beating up the Italian. There was a scuffle, and the officer was shot and killed. One of the youth's friends, Joseph Sammarco, was arrested for murder, and was quickly

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After World War II, many of the fishermen who had served in the military chose new careers. Those who remained faced competition from the importers of Canadian fish, and a depleted fishing supply. Boston no longer has an Italian fishing fleet, but the Fisherman's Feast is still celebrated every

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After Mussolini declared war on the United States, Italians in Boston were anxious to prove their loyalty to their adopted country. Prominent local Italians publicly condemned Mussolini's actions, and young Italians rushed to enlist in the U.S. military. The navy was a popular option for Boston

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The first wave of Italian immigration to Boston occurred in the late 19th century. In 1890, Boston's Italians numbered less than 5,000 and accounted for only 3% of Boston's foreign-born population. By 1897, that figure had risen to 11%, with 18,000 living in the North End alone. Others lived in

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who succeeded in establishing rent control in the North End and getting the city to build affordable housing for the elderly and disabled. After his death, Mayor Menino said that Langone had "consistently fought on the side of the common guy". (Menino himself was recognized for his "unwavering

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Prior to 1855, census records showed no Italians living in Boston. Most arrived in three waves of immigration: the first starting in the late 19th century; the second and largest following World War I; and the third following World War II. Most settled initially in the North End of Boston.

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mouth, small piercing black eyes, prominent cheek-bones, under-sized in stature, with a slinking downcast air when composed, and most violently gesticulative when excited in conversation. This is the criminal type that may be discovered as soon as observed. It sullies the name of Italian.

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spent several years living in the North End, studying the social dynamics of the local gangs and bookmakers. His original plan was to come back later and study the people's family and religious life, but health problems interfered. In 1943 he published a groundbreaking case study titled

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Mussolini, whose picture used to hang in the kitchen in a great proportion of Italian homes in the North End, has lost face everywhere ... But the symbol, next to the service flag, now most common in Italian kitchens is a red, white and blue bunting with the letters 'God Bless

849:, where he saw his own home torn down and replaced with luxury apartment buildings. He later served on the Boston city council, where he supported urban renewal projects only if they did not permanently displace area residents. On his death he was hailed as a "friend of the poor". 286:, a popular Italian-language newspaper, in 1905. As editor he used his influence to help local Italians, advocating for them in his paper, writing letters to Congress, recommending people for jobs, supporting Italian political candidates, and making generous charitable donations. 932:. The next day Galleanists bombed the Salutation Street station of the Boston harbor police. Fagotti was convicted, imprisoned, and later deported to Italy. On June 2, 1919, Carlo Valdinoci, a Galleanist from Roxbury, was killed trying to deliver a bomb to U.S. Attorney General 1274:, with the festival of the Madonna del Soccorso (Our Lady of Help), which dates back to the 16th century. Ceremonies include a procession to Boston Harbor for the blessing of the waters, and a performance in which a "flying angel" swoops down to greet the Madonna. 1403:, was founded in 1921 by Principio A. ("P. A.") Santosuosso of Boston. The state's first English-language Italian newspaper, it ran weekly until 1959. The news website Bostoniano, founded by Nicola Orichuia, now bills itself as "Boston's Italian American Voice". 1139:

Giuseppe (Joseph) Dragone, a Calabrian immigrant, founded the Dragone Cheese Co. in the North End in 1928. By the time the company moved to Medford in 1957, it had become one of the largest manufacturers of Italian cheeses in the U.S. The brand is now owned by

672:, which enabled them to go to college and buy houses in the suburbs, thus completing their assimilation into the American middle class. Italian Americans, along with other whites, enjoyed benefits of the G.I. Bill that were denied many African Americans due to 1116:

Luigi Pastene, an immigrant from Genoa, started selling produce from a pushcart in 1848. He and his son Pietro (Peter) opened a shop on Hanover Street in 1874. The business grew into one of the largest importers of Italian food: the Pastene Co., now based in

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In 2007, of the approximately 800,000 Italian Americans living in the Boston metropolitan area, fewer than 50,000 lived in Boston. Italian Americans were no longer predominant in East Boston, and were less than 40 percent of the population of the North End.

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to protest and demand reparations. One of the speakers, a Dr. R. Brindisi, urged the audience, "Italians, be calm! Don't get excited! Trust to the authorities of this government to see that justice is done." The following week, Massachusetts representative

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hit the crowded North End severely; so many children were orphaned as a result of the pandemic that the city created the Home for Italian Children to care for them. The Home for Italian Children was later renamed the Italian Home for Children. Located in

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and stayed out for weeks at a time, returning with frozen fish. The Italian fleet used Fiske Wharf and Packet Pier (where the Christopher Columbus Waterfront Park is now). The Italian fishermen, who lived in the North and West Ends, were immigrants from

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and proximity to downtown made it a natural choice for poor and working-class Italian immigrants as well. As the neighborhood became increasingly Italian, other ethnic groups began to move out. Irish immigrants, who had settled there during the

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In the 1930s, the Prince Macaroni Company sponsored an "All Italian" radio talent show, the "Prince Macaroni Hour", on WAAB in Boston. In the 1950s and 1960s, WBZ's "Mr. Fix It" and "Homemaker Helper" were created by and for Italian Americans.

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George Scigliano, a lawyer who served on the Boston Common Council and the Massachusetts legislature at the turn of the century, worked to improve the lives of local Italians. Among other things, he called public attention to the exploitative

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administrations. Langone's wife "Tina" was also well known in the community. As a member of the Massachusetts Board of Immigration and Americanization, she helped countless local Italian immigrants assimilate and obtain U.S. citizenship.

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In Boston as elsewhere, northern Italians often drew a sharp "racial" distinction between themselves and southern Italians. Northern prejudice against southern Italians may in fact have fueled discrimination against them by Americans.

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What I wish more than all in this last hour of agony is that our case and our fate may be understood in their real being and serve as a tremendous lesson to the forces of freedom so that our suffering and death will not have been in

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which became a bestseller and a classic college text for students of sociology and anthropology. Years after the book's publication, Whyte revealed the identities behind the pseudonyms he had used in his study. Among them were

496:(Awaiting the hour of vengeance). On Sunday, August 28, a two-hour funeral procession bearing huge floral tributes moved through the city. Thousands of marchers took part in the procession, and over 200,000 came out to watch. 297:, to provide job training for Italian and Jewish immigrants. The North End Union, a social service agency founded by the Benevolent Fraternity of Churches in 1892, provided food, daycare, cooking classes, and other aid. The 264:, had a special interest in helping Italians. Others were private philanthropists, community activists, charitable organizations, and mutual aid societies whose aim was to help immigrants, the poor, and workers in general. 176:

After World War II, with the help of the G.I. Bill, many were able to attend college and join the ranks of the middle class. Many obtained home loans through the G.I. Bill and moved to the suburbs. The North End has been

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The Italia Unita festival is a secular festival held annually in East Boston since 1995. Italia Unita is a not-for-profit organization "promoting cultural awareness through Italian programs, events and scholarships".

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During this period, Italians faced many obstacles—poverty, discrimination, a language barrier—but they also received various forms of assistance from sympathetic Bostonians. Some, such as Boston attorney

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church hierarchy. In addition to having arrived earlier than the Italians, and in greater numbers, they had the advantage of speaking English and being generally lighter-complexioned than Italians, many of whom had

656:, and elsewhere. Several of these new residents opened Italian restaurants, cafes, and bakeries in the North End, which helped to preserve the Italian atmosphere in the 1970s when the neighborhood began attracting " 1586:

In 2014, people of Italian descent formed the second largest ancestry group in Boston, making up 8.2% of the population (after Irish Americans, who made up 15%). They were 13.6% of the population of Massachusetts.

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in the North End, and some Italians converted. Historian Charles J. Scalise coined the term "WIP" (White Italian Protestant) for Italian Americans who converted to Protestantism during the 19th and 20th centuries.

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The North End is still known for having Italian restaurants. Aside from this area, it is no longer possible to generalize about the kinds of businesses run by Boston Italians or the kinds of careers they pursue.

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The Irish no longer dominate Boston politics as they once did. Due to intermarriage and other factors, the old rivalry between Irish and Italian Bostonians has slowed down, and people of Italian descent such as

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protest rallies, organized labor unions, and were extremely active in the Democratic party. In addition, they were aided by local charitable organizations, mutual aid societies, and federal programs such as the

309:, and operated an acclaimed pottery with a store in Boston. In 1904, Domenic D'Alessandro founded the Italian Laborers Union, with the help of George Scigliano, to combat the exploitation of immigrant workers. 234:. The northern Italians were generally better off and better educated than those who came to Boston later from agrarian southern Italy, the majority of whom were poor, illiterate, and non-fluent in English. 1536:

series, five prominent Italian Americans were asked, "Is the Italian more prone to violent crime than any other race?" In his response, the Rev. Fr. Ubaldus Da Rieti distinguished between so-called "true

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Italians, many of whom were fishermen. There was also a rush to obtain citizenship, with thousands of mostly Italian immigrants descending upon the immigration office within days of the announcement.

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vendors in 1973. Note the campaign sticker for Emanuel "Gus" Serra, who represented the First Suffolk District from 1970 to 1998. Serra ran for state senate in 1973 but lost to Michael LoPresti, Jr.

1505:. At the same time, working-class Irish and Italian residents were in competition for housing and jobs. Italians were often willing to work for less, and thus posed a threat to Irish job security. 333:-founded Boston, the Italian immigrants were exotic and a little unsettling. Sociologist Frederic Bushée described them as "an excitable people" but "on the whole ... good-natured and friendly." 161:, and other neighborhoods. These groups of Italians now mainly reside in the suburbs mostly north/northwest of the city. But the North end and Eastie still retain much of there Italian culture. 369:

In 1917 there were an estimated 50,000 Italians living in Boston. Approximately 8,000 Boston Italians served in the U.S. military during World War I. Others served in the Italian military.

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Now that Italian Americans have assimilated and joined the ranks of the middle class, their politics have shifted. It is not unusual for Italian Americans in Boston, as elsewhere, to vote

845:. When he first arrived in the U.S. as a child, he could not speak English; he went on to graduate from Harvard Law School. As a state legislator, he served the district that included the 1476:

magazine (ironically titled "The Godfathers") described local Italian-American politicians as reluctant to call attention to their ethnicity lest they be stereotyped as criminals. When

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was built in East Boston, which had a sizable Italian population. Area residents were less than enthusiastic about the airport and the noise and traffic that inevitably came with it.

2091:, an immigrant from Italy who settled in the North End and photographed the neighborhood, residents, street life, religious festivals, and working-class life in the 1970s. His book, 481:, Massachusetts, and had political ties to Boston. Most Boston Italians, although far from sympathetic to the anarchist cause, believed the pair were victims of anti-Italian bias. 928:

of Boston held demonstrations, rioted, and committed acts of terrorism. On December 6, 1916, the Galleanist Alfonso Fagotti was arrested for stabbing a policeman during a riot in

1037: 145:. Exactly how many stayed in Boston is unknown, but it was enough to make Italians the second largest ancestry group in Boston, after the Irish. Most settled initially in the 1219:

When Italian immigrants arrived in Boston in the early 20th century, they brought their religious traditions with them. In Italy it was common for Catholics to celebrate the

915:. Sacco and Vanzetti were subscribers and contributors. The Sacco-Vanzetti Defense Committee (SVDC) was headquartered in Boston and published an Italian-language bulletin, 361:

terror. The fight, in which the conductor's nose was broken, "created a sensation" in Boston, and still turns up in Internet searches as the Federal Street Riot of 1905.

4236:(April 2001). "The Saturday Evening Girls: A Progressive Era Library Club and the Intellectual Life of Working Class and Immigrant Girls in Turn-of-the-Century Boston". 4194: 4787: 4640: 1255:. The main event is a 10-hour-long procession in which a statue of the saint is carried through the streets of the North End, followed by marching bands and floats. 1347:, originated in 1929 as a way to raise money for influenza victims. Today the proceeds are donated to local food pantries and non-profit organizations in honor of 4896: 4214: 454:

in 1916, expanded during the 1920s but did not gain the upper hand in Boston until 1931, when they assassinated Wallace and the Irish assassinated Solomon.

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in the North End, where they were viewed in open caskets by over 10,000 mourners over two days. At the funeral parlor, a wreath over the caskets announced

4663: 1077:, a major fishing port. One of the religious traditions they brought with them from Sciacca was an annual feast in honor of the Madonna del Soccorso (see 605:

According to some historians, Italians in Boston were reluctant to apply for government relief during the Depression. Whyte writes in the introduction to

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in 1888. St. Leonard's was the first Roman Catholic church built in New England by Italian immigrants, and the second oldest Italian church in the U.S.

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Three Sicilian immigrants, Gaetano LaMarca, Giuseppe Seminara and Michele Cantella, founded the Prince Macaroni Company (later renamed Prince Pasta) on

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When Italians began arriving in large numbers, the North End was already occupied by thousands of Irish and Jewish immigrants. The area's many low-rent

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that "a large proportion of the population was on home relief or W.P.A." at the time. Being "on W.P.A." meant working on public projects funded by the

626: 4955: 3896:"The Italian in America: Social Equality is His Greatest Wish. Few Italian Girls Enter the Domestic Service. Love of Home Life is One of the Reasons" 535:

said it had "no possible chance of acceptance." It was rejected again in 1947 and 1957. The piece now hangs in the Special Collections lobby of the

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Like the Irish, most Italians are Roman Catholics; due to language and cultural differences, however, they preferred to form their own parishes.

798:, an Irish politician whose nickname was "mayor of the poor", was more popular with Italians and other immigrants in Boston than he was with the 124: 44: 3840:"Bade Be Calm. Shook Faneuil Hall With Cheers for America. Italians of the Hub Both Loyal and Indignant. In Mass Meeting Declare No Mafia Here" 1467:

the Mafia. In fact, Mafia capos were caught on FBI surveillance tapes complaining about Bellotti's refusal to accept their campaign donations.

4547: 818:. The toastmaster, Dr. Joseph Santosuosso, insisted that Curley's real name was Giacomo Michel Curli, an "old and illustrious Italian name". 752:

process by getting the city to build affordable housing for the elderly so that longtime residents would not have to leave the neighborhood.

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There was a small wave of Italian immigration to Boston following World War II which lasted about 15 years, and brought immigrants from

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Prior to World War II, Boston had two fishing fleets. The larger boats, which used the Main Fish Pier on Northern Avenue, fished the

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story at the time read, " is being given the speediest trial ever accorded a man charged with first degree murder in this country."

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The annual Madonna Delle Grazie (Our Lady of Grace) procession is a tradition brought to the North End in 1903 by immigrants from

4605: 2095:(2017), includes these photos as well as information about the Italian-American experience in Boston juxtaposed to life in Italy. 4648: 4624: 632:

Only two Boston Italians were interned, both radio broadcasters. One, Ubaldo Guidi, had had a popular pro-fascist radio show on

4882: 39: 1572:—and those descended from "Albanians, Saracens, Greeks and Arabs", blaming the latter group for crime in the North End: 372:

After the war ended, tens of thousands of Italians emigrated to Boston. The vast majority were from southern Italy: many from

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The Boston Italians: A Story of Pride, Perseverance, and Paesani, from the Years of the Great Immigration to the Present Day

1285:, Sicily, and has been celebrated in the North End since 1914. Festivities include a procession, games, raffles, and music. 4940: 4683: 929: 470: 69: 4804: 4444: 4935: 4312:

Scalise, Charles J. (2006). "Retrieving the "WIPS": Exploring the Assimilation of White Italian Protestants in America".

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and hatred from ever again uniting to overcome the rationality, wisdom, and fairness to which our legal system aspires."

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John G. Cogliano (1964) Former Commissioner of Mass Highway, and Secretary of Transportation under Governor Mitt Romney.

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formally accepted on behalf of the city a bas-relief sculpture memorializing Sacco and Vanzetti. The piece, created by

1761:(1938–1989), literature professor, president of Yale University, and the seventh Commissioner of Major League Baseball 407:

On January 15, 1919, the Purity Distilling Company's 2.3 million gallon molasses storage tank burst open, causing the

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Newton, Christopher (1996). "From 'The Prince Macaroni Hour' to 'Car Talk': An Evolution of Italian American Radio".

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who opened the Langone funeral home in the North End, served as a state representative in the 1920s, and brought the

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Yuhl, Stephanie E. (Spring 2010). "Sculpted Radicals: The Problem of Sacco and Vanzetti in Boston's Public Memory".

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was the Italian-language bulletin of the Sacco-Vanzetti Defense Committee (SVDC), which was headquartered in Boston.

5011: 1010: 777: 553: 431: 1755:(1911–1995), first Italian-American governor of Massachusetts, and the state's first Italian-American congressman 1188: 948: 826:

Several Italian-American Democrats from Boston were noted for championing the cause of the poor or the underdog.

194: 4858: 4985: 3804: 2014: 1779: 110: 89: 4699: 1673:(1945–1990), former Major League Baseball player, including for the Boston Red Sox (1964–67, 1969–1970, 1975) 1211: 799: 610: 166: 49: 4641:"Selected Social Characteristics in the United States: 2010–2014 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates" 815: 438:

in Boston, but for the most part the business was controlled by the competing Irish and Jewish mobs led by

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Not all of the 5 million Italians who immigrated to the United States between 1820 and 1978 came through

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Religious Festive Practices in Boston's North End: Ephemeral Identities in an Italian American Community

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The animosity between the two groups diminished over time, and there were many Irish/Italian marriages.

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The following Massachusetts cities and towns have the largest percentages of people of Italian descent.

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fame), had been repeatedly offered as a gift to the city and rejected. In 1937, Massachusetts Governor

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by pooling their resources to rent an entire tenement and then subletting the apartments at a profit.

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in New Orleans in 1891, 1,500 Boston Italians—with "coal black hair and eyes", according to the

181:, but retains much of its old character in the form of Italian restaurants and traditional festivals. 4970: 4606:"Italian-Americans & Their Communities of Cleveland: Part II, Italian Immigration and Settlement" 3726: 1884:(1955–1976), Harvard student whose stabbing death led to a controversial, racially charged court case 1721:(b. 1945), first Italian-American to be elected speaker of the Massachusetts House of Representatives 1359: 1252: 1041: 894: 683: 3677:

Fascist and Anti-Fascist Propaganda in America: The Dispatches of Italian Ambassador Gelasio Caetani

1941:(1874–1906), Massachusetts state legislator, and an early and influential North End community leader 987:

in Boston, was a local favorite. In 1942, when restrictions on nonnaturalized Italians were lifted,

859:). Having been raised by a single mother, he also supported equal pay for women. In a 2010 article, 3966:"200,000 See Huge Parade: Force Used to Drive Back Line of Sacco-Vanzetti Marchers at Forest Hills" 2008: 1617: 1371: 1337: 1325: 1147: 976: 737: 695: 485: 474: 439: 337: 4301:"The People's Lawyer: As attorney general, Bellotti gave new meaning to the term 'public servant'" 4965: 1764: 1727:(b. 1967), American former professional baseball shortstop and current third base coach with the 1513:

tried, convicted, and sentenced to life in prison based on what many considered weak evidence. A

1367: 968: 967:. In the 1920s there were at least ten fascist associations based in Massachusetts, including in 898: 838: 725: 713: 586: 489: 478: 54: 3605: 2639: 2637: 2018: 1977: 1783: 1363: 1228: 731: 719: 707: 582: 447: 298: 248: 30: 4853: 4462: 3814: 3747: 3634: 2817: 2544: 3768: 3707: 3675: 3534: 3519: 3336: 2847: 2619: 2466: 2022: 1914: 1829: 1660: 1423: 1355: 1344: 1129: 1118: 972: 908: 701: 689: 576: 536: 401: 4745: 4560: 2790: 2634: 2079:, street photographer who took many photos of Italians in the North End in the 1940s and 50s 4691: 4493: 4233: 3582: 3465: 3351: 2439: 2424: 2294: 2068: 1791: 1758: 1240: 1090: 795: 745: 673: 594: 408: 294: 4848: 4579:"Rocking The Cradle of Liberty: A Guide to Anarchist-Connected Historical Sites in Boston" 3702:

The Making of the New Deal Democrats: Voting Behavior and Realignment in Boston, 1920–1940

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The Sammarco case stirred local controversy in 1920. A fight broke out at a dance hall in

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The Fisherman's Feast has been a tradition in the North End since 1910. It originated in

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in 1901, hosted educational discussions and lectures, published a newspaper called the

4609: 1890:(1916–2001), college football coach inducted into the Pennsylvania Sports Hall of Fame 1770:

The Langone family, including Joseph A. (Giuseppe Antonio) Langone, an immigrant from

4905: 4772: 4751: 4730: 4275: 4265: 3800: 3774: 3753: 3732: 3711: 3700: 3681: 3640: 3609: 3598: 1950: 1926: 1845: 1641: 1477: 1471: 1082: 789: 539:. It shows the two men in profile, with a quote from Vanzetti's final prison letter: 528: 396: 350: 146: 17: 4506: 3938:"New Speed Record in Sammarco Trial: Woman Saw Slayer But Says He Was Not Defendant" 1162: 4917: 4821: 4345: 4245: 1981: 1944: 1718: 1682: 1656: 1459: 1056:

The Italian Chamber of Commerce of Boston and New England was established in 1906.

960: 846: 803: 220: 154: 1866:(1942–2014), Boston's first mayor of Italian descent and its longest-serving mayor 1737:(b. 1981), actor who’s best known for playing Captain America in the Marvel series 4805:"From Italy to Boston's North End: Italian Immigration and Settlement, 1890–1910" 4766: 4724: 3586: 1973: 1969: 1857: 1670: 1443: 1133: 504: 451: 419: 357:

in which he defended the lynch mob and proposed new restrictions on immigration.

216: 158: 4874: 4171: 636:

in the thirties. When he was arrested, Guidi had two sons in the U.S. military.

566:

the same time, there was comparatively little street crime in the neighborhood.

4671: 4664:"In the Hidden History of WWII, Italian Enemy Aliens Were Interned, Restricted" 3882:"Paraders in a Fight: Italians Make an Attack On Men in Charge of Electric Car" 1956: 1893: 1881: 1869: 1823: 1808: 1752: 1746: 1724: 1706: 1700: 1676: 1664: 1488:

opined that it was like "handing the keys to the State House to Tony Soprano".

1463: 890: 831: 781: 749: 524: 520: 302: 269: 178: 142: 4863: 3749:

Wop! A Documentary History of Anti-Italian Discrimination in the United States

317: 5005: 4990: 4181: 4158:"Iannella funeral draws nearly 1,000; Boston councilor called friend of poor" 4157: 4143: 4117: 4103: 4089: 4075: 4061: 4035: 4021: 4007: 3993: 3979: 3965: 3951: 3937: 3923: 3909: 3895: 3881: 3867: 3853: 3839: 1962: 1932: 1909: 1875: 1863: 1771: 1728: 1635: 1601: 1333: 1244: 1125: 1026: 1014: 889:

group based in East Boston; in 1920 it had over 40 members. They were led by

769: 516: 512: 458: 4825: 1451:

and Irish political bosses who had the power to distribute jobs and favors.

625:

Nonnaturalized Italians in Boston, as elsewhere in the U.S., were declared "

2054: 1920: 1796: 1712: 1694: 1289: 1224: 1128:

in 1912. The business moved to Commercial Street a few years later, and to

964: 963:

initially, growing disillusioned with him when he began collaborating with

941: 867: 599: 345: 138: 1749:(1925–2010), in-flight director who led the evacuation of Pan Am Flight 93 1013:

or to run for office as Republicans; for example, Massachusetts governors

4296: 3994:"Senator Langone Tells Sons of Italy He Probably Will Seek Higher Office" 3695: 3630: 2082: 2001: 1851: 1740: 1688: 1647: 1613: 1607: 1542: 1348: 1199: 1198:

In the early 20th century, Methodist and Episcopalian ministers actively

1155: 1141: 1065: 988: 924: 860: 776:

In the early days of Italian immigration, Boston Italians tended to vote

744:

In the 1970s, "yuppies" began moving into the North End. City councilman

668:

After World War II, many Italian-American veterans took advantage of the

435: 212: 150: 4596: 4325: 4288: 3663: 3235: 1790:; state representative Joseph A. Langone III; and Boston city councilor 1231:

and a procession. The festivals attract tourists from across the world.

1113:

Several notable companies were founded by Italian immigrants in Boston.

1098: 951:(IWW), held meetings in the North End in their hall on Richmond Street. 4509:

An Unlikely Union: The Love-Hate Story of New York's Irish and Italians

4388: 4257: 1905: 1502: 1485: 1018: 4357: 2607: 1387:

James V. Donnaruma started an influential Italian-language newspaper,

1965:(1908–1994), Massachusetts governor, U.S. Secretary of Transportation 1887: 1817: 1220: 1094: 886: 669: 243: 170: 4420: 4172:"Msgr. Mimie Pitaro, 79; pastor, legislator who served 'little guy'" 2207: 1422:

that ran from 1977 to 2012, was co-hosted by two Italian Americans,

4477: 4449: 4428: 4396: 4349: 4249: 3324: 1802: 1550: 1414: 1300: 1248: 1165:

on Hanover Street, opened in 1929 and is still in operation today.

1086: 653: 385: 4380: 2085:, an Italian style of bread that is a regional specialty in Boston 1336:, whose patron saints were the 3rd-century martyrs and physicians 4700:"Cities with the Highest Percentage of Italians in Massachusetts" 4436: 3868:"Is the Italian More Prone to Violent Crime Than Any Other Race?" 1562: 1546: 1462:

in the primary race for governor, Massachusetts senate president

1419: 1267: 1070: 645: 500:

called it "one of the most tremendous funerals of modern times."

389: 381: 373: 330: 4632: 3045: 3043: 3041: 979:. The Boston fascists had their own Italian-language newspaper, 2559: 1908:, American actor best known for his portrayal of Moe Greene in 1569: 1554: 1271: 1074: 874:

obituary calls him a "a doughty fighter for powerless people".

785: 780:. The one major exception was in 1920, when, disappointed that 657: 649: 377: 326: 4768:

The North End: A Brief History of Boston's Oldest Neighborhood

4412: 4372: 4195:"Thomas M. Menino, Boston's longest serving mayor, dies at 71" 4155: 4101: 3816:

Acts and Resolves Passed by the General Court of Massachusetts

3795:

Street Corner Society: The Social Structure of an Italian Slum

2823: 2550: 1328:

since 1926. The tradition was brought over by immigrants from

577:

Street Corner Society: The Social Structure of an Italian Slum

4213: 4169: 4059: 4019: 3342: 3038: 2853: 2625: 2472: 1538: 1329: 1282: 515:, Boston's first Italian-American mayor, and acting governor 231: 227: 4205: 4193: 4115: 4005: 3540: 3525: 3139: 2796: 2643: 1947:(b. 1992), member of the U.S. women's national baseball team 4087: 3963: 3949: 3879: 3357: 2986: 2984: 2445: 2430: 2300: 1558: 1480:

became president of the Massachusetts senate, for example,

1362:, the Feast of the Madonna Della Luce (Mother of Light) in 984: 841:

was one of the original "college boys" featured in Whyte's

830:

city councilman Fred Langone, was an outspoken opponent of

633: 197:

is one of the oldest Italian churches in the United States.

4662: 4141: 4033: 3893: 3865: 3851: 3837: 3471: 3199: 3127: 3029: 3002: 2960: 2613: 2535: 2273: 531:

called it "a patently absurd gesture", while Boston mayor

4207:"Mattapan church marks the life of Boston's former mayor" 4179: 4073: 4008:"Italians of Boston Lift Heads Again; 'Enemy' Ban Is Off" 3935: 3924:"Police Fight Reds in Roxbury: 113 Arrested, Scores Hurt" 3907: 3444: 3390: 3300: 3255: 3163: 2781: 2357: 2195: 1935:(b. 1986), television presenter and communications expert 589:, who appear in the book as Mr. and Mrs. George Ravello. 484:

In 1927, following Sacco and Vanzetti's execution in the

4182:"Frederick C. Langone, at 79; Colorful Boston Councilor" 3991: 3977: 3510: 2981: 2969: 2763: 2754: 2369: 2309: 2231: 2147: 1594: 293:

was founded in 1885, with the support of philanthropist

3921: 3549: 3414: 2942: 2901: 2880: 2481: 2255: 1953:(b. 1952), former president of the Massachusetts Senate 1826:(b. 1945), team president and CEO of the Boston Red Sox 784:

had not supported Italy's claim to the seaport city of

3910:"Death Claims Three Noted Men: North End Loses Leader" 3591:. Boston: Post-Gazette, American Independence Edition. 3480: 3426: 3402: 3276: 3067: 2652: 2402: 2400: 2398: 2396: 2159: 2120: 1929:(b. 1950), economist; and Joseph Salerno, union leader 1029:

have held top positions in city and state government.

897:

who moved to the U.S. in 1901. Galleani, who lived in

469:

Prior to their arrest in 1920, the Italian anarchists

446:. People of other ethnicities were also involved. The 226:

The first arrivals were mostly northern Italians from

4548:"'When Affirmative Action Was White': Uncivil Rights" 4336:(1939). "Race Conflicts in the North End of Boston". 3492: 3115: 2889: 2862: 2837: 2835: 2700: 2505: 2243: 2183: 2137: 2135: 2110: 2108: 1354:

Other Italian festivals in Massachusetts include the

4405:"Madonna delle Grazie Procession, North End, Boston" 4397:"Feast of the Madonna Della Cava, North End, Boston" 4389:"Feast of St. Agrippina di Mineo, North End, Boston" 3453: 3312: 3288: 3211: 3151: 3055: 2932: 2930: 2928: 2805: 2736: 2712: 2664: 2595: 2571: 2517: 2454: 2412: 2381: 2345: 2333: 2321: 2044: 1820:(1918–1989), offensive lineman for the Detroit Lions 4854:

Italian fishermen mending nets at old T-wharf, 1929

4215:"Menino, the mayor who welcomed Sacco and Vanzetti" 3091: 3079: 2583: 2393: 2282: 2171: 1438:Candidate for Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts 1101:haddock because it was brought in by the Italians. 503:Fifty years later, in 1977, Massachusetts Governor 4694:. U. of Minn. Immigration History Research Center. 4180: 4170: 4156: 4142: 4116: 4102: 4088: 4074: 4060: 4034: 4020: 4006: 3992: 3978: 3964: 3950: 3936: 3922: 3908: 3894: 3880: 3866: 3852: 3838: 3792: 3699: 3597: 3378: 3366: 3264: 3223: 2832: 2724: 2132: 2105: 1989: 1429: 4904: 4666:. New England Historical Society. 15 August 2015. 4623: 4478:"Feast of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, Worcester MA" 4421:"Feast of Saints Cosmas and Damian, Cambridge MA" 4022:"FCC Will Probe Station WCOP; Cites Fascist Ties" 3187: 3175: 3103: 3049: 2925: 2913: 2493: 1805:(b. 1950), comedian; started his career in Boston 1239:The best known Italian festival in Boston is the 321:Artist's conception of the "Federal Street Riot". 5003: 4726:Ethnics and Enclaves: Boston's Italian North End 4403: 3145: 2688: 2676: 1917:(1845–1902), seventh president of Boston College 959:In Boston as elsewhere, most Italians supported 3799:(Third ed.). University of Chicago Press. 3639:. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. 3011: 1370:, and the Feast of Our Lady of Mount Carmel in 1324:, the "Healing Saints", has been celebrated in 557:Italian-American WPA workers doing roadwork in 141:. Many came through other ports, including the 4608:. The Cleveland Memory Project. Archived from 4443: 4395: 3205: 3133: 1959:(b. 1935), billionaire, entrepreneur, inventor 1782:to Massachusetts; Massachusetts state senator 1146:In 1919, brothers John and Paul Cifrino built 4890: 4445:"Feast of the Madonna Della Luce, Hingham MA" 4419: 4144:"Giuseppe Dragone; Founder of Cheese Company" 3169: 2219: 118: 4588:"Move Over, Irish; Italians Now Rule Boston" 3770:Victorian Boston Today: Twelve Walking Tours 3636:Sacco and Vanzetti: The Anarchist Background 1996:Italian Americans for Indigenous Peoples Day 1697:(b. 1932), world welterweight champion boxer 1351:, who gave all his possessions to the poor. 1281:, a 3rd-century Roman martyr, originated in 1059: 4820:(2). University of California Press: 9–30. 4244:(2). University of Chicago Press: 195–230. 4118:"Comedy Clubs Serious Business to Jay Leno" 1872:(1917–2015), shortstop for the Chicago Cubs 835:commitment to the poorest neighborhoods".) 4897: 4883: 4743: 4381:"The Fisherman's Feast, North End, Boston" 4373:"Saint Anthony's Feast, North End, Boston" 3766: 2237: 2007:Dante Alighieri Society of Massachusetts ( 1923:(b. 1949), chemical engineer and astronaut 1610:(1917–2002), featherweight boxing champion 1523: 1492:to that of Italian Americans in the past. 1132:in 1939. The Prince brand is now owned by 613:, usually doing roadwork or construction. 602:in the North End is named for the couple. 125: 111: 4923:Italians in the United States before 1880 4639: 4387: 3813: 3486: 3121: 2975: 1715:(1917–2009), Boston Red Sox Hall of Famer 1495: 857:First National Bank of Boston v. Bellotti 4764: 4682: 4670: 4603: 4459:"Feast of the Three Saints, Lawrence MA" 4457: 4411: 4036:"Mrs. Langone, Civic Leader, Dies at 67" 3745: 3294: 3241: 3217: 3157: 2907: 2460: 1433: 1343:The Feast of Saint Rocco, celebrated in 1257: 1210: 1036: 901:, started an anarchist newspaper called 808:Ordre Commendatore della Corona d'Italia 764: 663: 552: 418: 316: 188: 4859:Life on the Corner: A North End Mystery 4722: 4690: 4576: 4371: 4311: 4047:from the original on September 22, 2017 3706:. University of Chicago Press. p. 3670: 3581: 3555: 3432: 3408: 3330: 3097: 3085: 3061: 2990: 2895: 2742: 2706: 2658: 2565: 2511: 2487: 2406: 2363: 2327: 2177: 2126: 1418:, a popular radio show on Boston-based 1251:, in honor of the town's patron saint, 1032: 193:Founded in 1873 by Italian immigrants, 5004: 4631: 4521: 4504: 4476: 4295: 4272: 4232: 4104:"200 attend dedication of N. End Park" 4076:"P. A. Santosuosso, Was Publisher; 75" 3952:"Thousands Struggle to Glimpse Bodies" 3819:. University Press of Cambridge. 1906. 3653: 3629: 3384: 3372: 3282: 3270: 3229: 2868: 2841: 2249: 2141: 2114: 1743:(b. 1939), Nobel laureate in Economics 1108: 4878: 4802: 4585: 4567: 4491: 4435: 4427: 4379: 4332: 4129:from the original on October 19, 2016 3980:"Italians of Boston Pay Curley Honor" 3787: 3724: 3595: 3498: 3459: 3420: 3396: 3318: 3306: 3193: 3181: 3109: 3073: 2948: 2936: 2919: 2811: 2769: 2718: 2670: 2601: 2589: 2577: 2523: 2499: 2418: 2387: 2375: 2351: 2339: 2315: 2288: 2261: 2213: 2201: 2189: 2165: 2153: 1896:(b. 1958), actor, writer and producer 1780:Order of the Sons of Italy in America 1595:Notable Italian Americans from Boston 1081:). In their small boats, they fished 291:North Bennet Street Industrial School 4811: 4698: 4647:. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from 4545: 4413:"Italia Unita festival, East Boston" 4062:"'Who Does He Think He Is?'--Powers" 3694: 3654:Bushée, Frederick Alexander (1897). 2730: 2694: 2682: 1638:(1948–2013), politician and diplomat 1458:ran against establishment candidate 471:Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti 4865:Classic Prince Spaghetti commercial 4586:Peter, Jennifer (October 5, 2004). 4558: 4494:"The Democrats' Demographic Dreams" 4437:"St. Peter's Fiesta, Gloucester MA" 3017: 2028:Italian Benevolent Society (Newton) 1470:As recently as 2003, an article in 1395:is now published in English as the 1391:, in 1905. Based in the North End, 1366:, the Feast of the Three Saints in 772:, Mayor of Boston from 1993 to 2014 278:James Donnaruma, an immigrant from 13: 5027:Italian-American culture in Boston 4785: 4715: 4590:. Free Republic. Associated Press. 4568:Pasto, James (February 28, 2013). 1049:of Boston's barbers were Italian. 863:dubbed him "the people's lawyer". 806:, where he was presented with the 14: 5038: 4842: 4594: 4570:"Street Corner Society Revisited" 4561:"North End History: The Italians" 3728:Boston's Workers: A Labor History 3588:The North End: Where It All Began 2225: 2036:Scuola Piccoli Italiani di Boston 1679:(b. 1941), scientist and educator 1644:(1896–1996), sculptor and painter 1322:Feast of Saints Cosmas and Damian 1161:Boston's first Italian cafe, the 4849:Sacco and Vanzetti photo gallery 4599:. Boston Women's Heritage Trail. 4492:Bouie, Jamelle (June 14, 2012). 4429:"Saint Rocco's Feast, Malden MA" 3604:. Boston: Beacon Press. p. 2216:, pp. 39, 74, 86, 159, 179. 2061: 2047: 2032:Professionisti Italiani a Boston 1650:(1916–1986), poet and translator 1168: 205: 4505:Hannan, James (June 25, 2015). 3752:. Montreal: Guernica Editions. 3746:LaGumina, Salvatore J. (1999). 1990:Italian organizations in Boston 1581: 1430:Discrimination and stereotyping 949:Industrial Workers of the World 616: 569:In the late 1930s, sociologist 4729:. Boston: UMI Research Press. 4546:Kotz, Nick (August 28, 2005). 2614:New England Historical Society 1836:radio show on Boston's WBUR-FM 1078: 1004: 936:; this was one in a series of 494:In attesa l'ora della vendetta 364: 1: 4686:. Massachusetts Court System. 4625:"Italian Timeline: 1850–1949" 2099: 1860:(1923–2009), jazz saxophonist 1389:La Gazzetta del Massachusetts 907:in 1903; it was published in 877: 611:Works Progress Administration 284:La Gazzetta del Massachusetts 167:Works Progress Administration 4744:Ferraiuolo, Augusto (2012). 4723:DeMarco, William M. (1981). 3767:Petronella, Mary M. (2004). 3656:Italian Immigrants in Boston 3333:, pp. 3, 10, 13–15, 17. 1842:(1913–2000), abstract artist 1685:(b. 1938), radio personality 1206: 816:Victor Emmanuel III of Italy 760: 488:, they were laid out at the 353:published an article in the 7: 3825: 3658:. Boston: South End House. 2093:From Italy to the North End 2040: 1900:Francis J. Ricciardone, Jr. 1182: 954: 947:Another radical group, the 812:Order of the Crown of Italy 755: 376:in Sicily, and others from 223:, and other neighborhoods. 10: 5043: 4807:. Graduate Masters Theses. 4765:Goldfeld, Alex R. (2009). 4604:Veronese, Gene P. (1977). 4522:Keller, Jon (March 2003). 3564: 1848:(1908–2003), radar pioneer 1703:(1931–1973), serial killer 1691:(1941-2021), jazz musician 1663:player, including for the 1215:Feast of St. Anthony, 2013 1177: 397:Spanish Influenza Pandemic 184: 15: 4931: 4913: 4788:"Italians in East Boston" 4338:The New England Quarterly 4090:"Fears of '66 come alive" 3731:. Boston Public Library. 1854:(1913–2003), photographer 1632:(1824–1896), opera singer 1191:was founded in 1873, and 1105:August in the North End. 1060:The Italian fishing fleet 895:insurrectionary anarchist 684:Lenox Dale, Massachusetts 5022:Italian-American history 4672:"About the Post-Gazette" 4627:. Boston Family History. 3854:"Death of Peter Pastene" 3725:Green, James R. (1979). 3569: 2827:& September 19, 1992 2568:, pp. 14–15, 19–20. 2554:& September 14, 1975 1618:National Football League 1377: 1279:Saint Agrippina di Mineo 738:Wakefield, Massachusetts 696:Lynnfield, Massachusetts 548: 486:Charlestown State Prison 434:there were some Italian 414: 5012:Ethnic groups in Boston 4834:10.1525/tph.2010.32.2.9 4826:10.1525/tph.2010.32.2.9 4803:Puleo, Stephen (1994). 3596:Puleo, Stephen (2007). 3346:& September 9, 1964 2857:& September 4, 1995 2629:& December 17, 1942 2476:& November 23, 2014 1878:(1882–1949), con artist 1767:(1913–1992), politician 1765:Christopher A. Iannella 1604:(b. 1970), sportscaster 1524:Intra-Italian prejudice 1262:Fisherman's Feast, 2013 899:Wrentham, Massachusetts 839:Christopher A. Iannella 726:Winthrop, Massachusetts 714:Stoneham, Massachusetts 338:lynching of 11 Italians 4692:"Forte, Felix, Papers" 4597:"Pauline Agassiz Shaw" 3544:& October 30, 2014 3529:& January 21, 1983 2800:& October 31, 2014 2647:& October 18, 1942 1978:Patriarca crime family 1811:(b. 1952), actress in 1784:Joseph A. Langone, Jr. 1579: 1496:Italians and the Irish 1447: 1263: 1253:Sant'Antonio di Padova 1216: 1045: 1002: 773: 732:Milford, Massachusetts 720:Medford, Massachusetts 708:Everett, Massachusetts 583:Joseph A. Langone, Jr. 562: 546: 448:Patriarca crime family 444:Charles "King" Solomon 427: 322: 299:Saturday Evening Girls 198: 4771:. The History Press. 4577:Peacott, Joe (2002). 4498:The American Prospect 4238:The Library Quarterly 4234:Larson, Kate Clifford 4165:. September 19, 1992. 4111:. September 14, 1975. 3361:& October 1, 1974 3050:Boston Family History 2449:& August 29, 1927 2434:& August 26, 1927 2304:& August 30, 1905 2204:, pp. 20–21, 26. 1915:Father Nicholas Russo 1830:Tom and Ray Magliozzi 1709:(1914–2009), sculptor 1661:Major League Baseball 1626:(b. 1923), politician 1574: 1437: 1424:Tom and Ray Magliozzi 1261: 1214: 1148:Upham's Corner Market 1130:Lowell, Massachusetts 1119:Canton, Massachusetts 1040: 997: 843:Street Corner Society 768: 702:Saugus, Massachusetts 690:Revere, Massachusetts 674:racial discrimination 664:Exodus to the suburbs 607:Street Corner Society 556: 541: 537:Boston Public Library 422: 355:North American Review 320: 313:"An excitable people" 192: 4814:The Public Historian 4334:Whyte, William Foote 4221:. November 23, 2014. 4175:. September 4, 1995. 4125:. January 21, 1983. 4069:. September 9, 1964. 4029:. December 17, 1942. 3789:Whyte, William Foote 3773:. UPNE. p. 43. 3475:& August 4, 1901 3309:, pp. 638, 640. 3146:Madonna Delle Grazie 3033:& March 25, 1983 3006:& March 10, 1901 2964:& March 18, 1906 2539:& April 21, 1964 2277:& March 18, 1891 2156:, pp. 626, 628. 2069:Massachusetts portal 1799:(b. 1956), scientist 1792:Frederick C. Langone 1759:A. Bartlett Giamatti 1241:Feast of St. Anthony 1189:St. Leonard's Church 1033:Business and economy 814:) on behalf of King 796:James Michael Curley 746:Frederick C. Langone 595:James Michael Curley 490:Langone funeral home 409:Great Molasses Flood 295:Pauline Agassiz Shaw 195:St. Leonard's Church 149:; others settled in 4798:on January 3, 2018. 4645:American FactFinder 4563:. North End Boston. 4299:(October 1, 2010). 4209:. October 31, 2014. 4201:. October 30, 2014. 4015:. October 18, 1942. 3448:& March 3, 1920 3399:, pp. 623–642. 3259:& April 7, 1968 2785:& June 26, 2001 2772:, pp. 185–189. 2378:, pp. 156–157. 2318:, pp. 113–115. 1939:George A. Scigliano 1902:(b. 1952), diplomat 1735:Chris Evans (actor) 1624:Francis X. Bellotti 1456:Francis X. Bellotti 1440:Francis X. Bellotti 1193:Sacred Heart Church 1154:, one of the first 1109:Historic businesses 913:Lynn, Massachusetts 853:Francis X. Bellotti 640:Postwar immigration 571:William Foote Whyte 533:Frederick Mansfield 344:—gathered in 262:George A. Scigliano 31:Ethnicity in Boston 25:Part of a series on 4633:"About Bostoniano" 4552:The New York Times 4097:. October 1, 1974. 4043:. April 21, 1964. 3973:. August 29, 1927. 3959:. August 26, 1927. 3889:. August 30, 1905. 3514:& July 4, 1938 3206:Madonna Della Luce 3134:Madonna Della Cava 2951:, pp. 9, 182. 2758:& June 8, 1930 2366:, pp. 15, 17. 2264:, pp. 72, 91. 2168:, pp. 70, 81. 1840:Conrad Marca-Relli 1832:, co-hosts of the 1788:Clementina Langone 1659:(b. 1947), former 1630:Eliza Biscaccianti 1616:(b. 1963), former 1448: 1356:St. Peter's Fiesta 1297:San Sossio Baronia 1264: 1217: 1046: 1021:were Republicans. 938:anarchist bombings 934:A. Mitchell Palmer 904:Cronaca Sovversiva 800:lace curtain Irish 774: 563: 465:Sacco and Vanzetti 428: 323: 199: 5017:History of Boston 4999: 4998: 4906:Italian Americans 4595:Smith, Bonnie H. 4366:Festival websites 4314:Italian Americana 4276:Italian Americana 4151:. March 25, 1983. 3903:. March 18, 1906. 3875:. August 4, 1901. 3861:. March 10, 1901. 3847:. March 18, 1891. 3680:. Cambria Press. 3423:, pp. 14–15. 3170:Cosmas and Damian 3076:, pp. 15–16. 2993:, pp. 56–60. 2884:& May 2, 1919 2192:, pp. 9, 70. 2089:Anthony V. Riccio 1951:Robert Travaglini 1927:Joseph T. Salerno 1846:John W. Marchetti 1642:Emilius R. Ciampa 1478:Robert Travaglini 1442:and Boston Mayor 1338:Cosmas and Damian 1091:Martha's Vineyard 1083:Massachusetts Bay 788:, they voted for 351:Henry Cabot Lodge 301:club, started by 255:Community support 135: 134: 18:Italian Americans 5034: 4918:Italian diaspora 4899: 4892: 4885: 4876: 4875: 4866: 4837: 4808: 4799: 4794:. Archived from 4786:Hussey, Olivia. 4782: 4761: 4740: 4710: 4708: 4706: 4695: 4687: 4679: 4676:The Post-Gazette 4667: 4659: 4657: 4656: 4636: 4628: 4620: 4618: 4617: 4600: 4591: 4582: 4573: 4564: 4559:Nichols, Guild. 4555: 4542: 4540: 4539: 4530:. Archived from 4524:"The Godfathers" 4518: 4501: 4481: 4473: 4471: 4470: 4461:. Archived from 4454: 4440: 4432: 4424: 4416: 4408: 4400: 4392: 4384: 4376: 4361: 4329: 4308: 4292: 4269: 4222: 4219:The Boston Globe 4210: 4202: 4199:The Boston Globe 4190: 4189:. June 26, 2001. 4187:The Boston Globe 4184: 4176: 4174: 4166: 4163:The Boston Globe 4160: 4152: 4149:The Boston Globe 4146: 4138: 4136: 4134: 4123:The Boston Globe 4120: 4112: 4109:The Boston Globe 4106: 4098: 4095:The Boston Globe 4092: 4084: 4083:. April 7, 1968. 4081:The Boston Globe 4078: 4070: 4067:The Boston Globe 4064: 4056: 4054: 4052: 4041:The Boston Globe 4038: 4030: 4027:The Boston Globe 4024: 4016: 4013:The Boston Globe 4010: 4002: 3999:The Boston Globe 3996: 3988: 3985:The Boston Globe 3982: 3974: 3971:The Boston Globe 3968: 3960: 3957:The Boston Globe 3954: 3946: 3945:. March 3, 1920. 3943:The Boston Globe 3940: 3932: 3929:The Boston Globe 3926: 3918: 3917:. June 18, 1906. 3915:The Boston Globe 3912: 3904: 3901:The Boston Globe 3898: 3890: 3887:The Boston Globe 3884: 3876: 3873:The Boston Globe 3870: 3862: 3859:The Boston Globe 3856: 3848: 3845:The Boston Globe 3842: 3832:The Boston Globe 3820: 3810: 3798: 3784: 3763: 3742: 3721: 3705: 3691: 3672:Caetani, Gelasio 3667: 3650: 3619: 3603: 3592: 3559: 3553: 3547: 3542:The Boston Globe 3538: 3532: 3527:The Boston Globe 3523: 3517: 3512:The Boston Globe 3508: 3502: 3496: 3490: 3484: 3478: 3473:The Boston Globe 3469: 3463: 3457: 3451: 3446:The Boston Globe 3442: 3436: 3430: 3424: 3418: 3412: 3406: 3400: 3394: 3388: 3382: 3376: 3370: 3364: 3359:The Boston Globe 3355: 3349: 3344:The Boston Globe 3340: 3334: 3328: 3322: 3316: 3310: 3304: 3298: 3292: 3286: 3285:, pp. 5–15. 3280: 3274: 3268: 3262: 3257:The Boston Globe 3253: 3247: 3239: 3233: 3227: 3221: 3215: 3209: 3203: 3197: 3191: 3185: 3179: 3173: 3167: 3161: 3155: 3149: 3143: 3137: 3131: 3125: 3119: 3113: 3107: 3101: 3095: 3089: 3083: 3077: 3071: 3065: 3059: 3053: 3047: 3036: 3031:The Boston Globe 3027: 3021: 3015: 3009: 3004:The Boston Globe 3000: 2994: 2988: 2979: 2973: 2967: 2962:The Boston Globe 2958: 2952: 2946: 2940: 2934: 2923: 2917: 2911: 2905: 2899: 2893: 2887: 2882:The Boston Globe 2878: 2872: 2866: 2860: 2855:The Boston Globe 2851: 2845: 2839: 2830: 2825:The Boston Globe 2821: 2815: 2809: 2803: 2798:The Boston Globe 2794: 2788: 2783:The Boston Globe 2779: 2773: 2767: 2761: 2756:The Boston Globe 2752: 2746: 2740: 2734: 2728: 2722: 2716: 2710: 2704: 2698: 2692: 2686: 2680: 2674: 2668: 2662: 2656: 2650: 2645:The Boston Globe 2641: 2632: 2627:The Boston Globe 2623: 2617: 2611: 2605: 2599: 2593: 2587: 2581: 2575: 2569: 2563: 2557: 2552:The Boston Globe 2548: 2542: 2537:The Boston Globe 2533: 2527: 2521: 2515: 2509: 2503: 2497: 2491: 2490:, pp. 3, 5. 2485: 2479: 2474:The Boston Globe 2470: 2464: 2458: 2452: 2447:The Boston Globe 2443: 2437: 2432:The Boston Globe 2428: 2422: 2416: 2410: 2404: 2391: 2385: 2379: 2373: 2367: 2361: 2355: 2349: 2343: 2337: 2331: 2325: 2319: 2313: 2307: 2302:The Boston Globe 2298: 2292: 2286: 2280: 2275:The Boston Globe 2271: 2265: 2259: 2253: 2247: 2241: 2235: 2229: 2223: 2217: 2211: 2205: 2199: 2193: 2187: 2181: 2175: 2169: 2163: 2157: 2151: 2145: 2139: 2130: 2129:, pp. 2, 4. 2124: 2118: 2112: 2071: 2066: 2065: 2064: 2057: 2052: 2051: 2050: 1982:Winter Hill Gang 1945:Marti Sementelli 1719:Salvatore DiMasi 1683:Ron Della Chiesa 1657:Billy Conigliaro 1537:Italians"— 1460:Endicott Peabody 1401:The Italian News 993:The Boston Globe 961:Benito Mussolini 940:that led to the 822:The "little man" 804:Boston City Club 748:helped slow the 498:The Boston Globe 127: 120: 113: 85:Native Americans 40:African American 22: 21: 5042: 5041: 5037: 5036: 5035: 5033: 5032: 5031: 5002: 5001: 5000: 4995: 4927: 4909: 4903: 4864: 4845: 4840: 4779: 4758: 4737: 4718: 4716:Further reading 4713: 4704: 4702: 4654: 4652: 4615: 4613: 4537: 4535: 4528:Boston Magazine 4468: 4466: 4305:BC Law Magazine 4132: 4130: 4050: 4048: 4001:. July 4, 1938. 3987:. June 8, 1930. 3828: 3823: 3807: 3781: 3760: 3739: 3718: 3696:Gamm, Gerald H. 3688: 3647: 3616: 3572: 3567: 3562: 3554: 3550: 3539: 3535: 3524: 3520: 3509: 3505: 3497: 3493: 3485: 3481: 3470: 3466: 3458: 3454: 3443: 3439: 3431: 3427: 3419: 3415: 3407: 3403: 3395: 3391: 3383: 3379: 3371: 3367: 3356: 3352: 3341: 3337: 3329: 3325: 3317: 3313: 3305: 3301: 3293: 3289: 3281: 3277: 3269: 3265: 3254: 3250: 3240: 3236: 3228: 3224: 3216: 3212: 3204: 3200: 3192: 3188: 3180: 3176: 3168: 3164: 3156: 3152: 3144: 3140: 3132: 3128: 3120: 3116: 3108: 3104: 3096: 3092: 3084: 3080: 3072: 3068: 3060: 3056: 3048: 3039: 3028: 3024: 3016: 3012: 3001: 2997: 2989: 2982: 2974: 2970: 2959: 2955: 2947: 2943: 2935: 2926: 2918: 2914: 2906: 2902: 2894: 2890: 2879: 2875: 2867: 2863: 2852: 2848: 2840: 2833: 2822: 2818: 2810: 2806: 2795: 2791: 2780: 2776: 2768: 2764: 2753: 2749: 2741: 2737: 2729: 2725: 2717: 2713: 2705: 2701: 2693: 2689: 2681: 2677: 2669: 2665: 2661:, pp. 5–6. 2657: 2653: 2642: 2635: 2624: 2620: 2612: 2608: 2600: 2596: 2588: 2584: 2576: 2572: 2564: 2560: 2549: 2545: 2534: 2530: 2522: 2518: 2510: 2506: 2498: 2494: 2486: 2482: 2471: 2467: 2459: 2455: 2444: 2440: 2429: 2425: 2417: 2413: 2405: 2394: 2386: 2382: 2374: 2370: 2362: 2358: 2350: 2346: 2338: 2334: 2326: 2322: 2314: 2310: 2299: 2295: 2287: 2283: 2272: 2268: 2260: 2256: 2248: 2244: 2238:Petronella 2004 2236: 2232: 2224: 2220: 2212: 2208: 2200: 2196: 2188: 2184: 2176: 2172: 2164: 2160: 2152: 2148: 2140: 2133: 2125: 2121: 2113: 2106: 2102: 2067: 2062: 2060: 2053: 2048: 2046: 2043: 1992: 1987: 1974:Gennaro Angiulo 1970:Gaspare Messina 1858:Charlie Mariano 1786:; civic leader 1671:Tony Conigliaro 1597: 1584: 1526: 1498: 1444:John F. Collins 1432: 1380: 1288:Villagers from 1223:of their local 1209: 1185: 1180: 1171: 1134:New World Pasta 1111: 1062: 1035: 1007: 957: 883:Gruppo Autonomo 880: 763: 758: 666: 619: 551: 505:Michael Dukakis 452:Gaspare Messina 417: 367: 208: 187: 131: 94: 20: 12: 11: 5: 5040: 5030: 5029: 5024: 5019: 5014: 4997: 4996: 4994: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4938: 4932: 4929: 4928: 4926: 4925: 4920: 4914: 4911: 4910: 4902: 4901: 4894: 4887: 4879: 4873: 4872: 4861: 4856: 4851: 4844: 4843:External links 4841: 4839: 4838: 4809: 4800: 4783: 4777: 4762: 4756: 4750:. SUNY Press. 4741: 4735: 4719: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4711: 4696: 4688: 4684:"Proclamation" 4680: 4668: 4660: 4637: 4629: 4621: 4601: 4592: 4583: 4574: 4565: 4556: 4543: 4519: 4502: 4483: 4482: 4474: 4455: 4441: 4433: 4425: 4417: 4409: 4401: 4393: 4385: 4377: 4363: 4362: 4350:10.2307/360446 4344:(4): 623–642. 4330: 4320:(2): 133–146. 4309: 4293: 4270: 4250:10.1086/603261 4224: 4223: 4211: 4203: 4191: 4177: 4167: 4153: 4139: 4113: 4099: 4085: 4071: 4057: 4031: 4017: 4003: 3989: 3975: 3961: 3947: 3933: 3931:. May 2, 1919. 3919: 3905: 3891: 3877: 3863: 3849: 3829: 3827: 3824: 3822: 3821: 3811: 3805: 3785: 3779: 3764: 3758: 3743: 3737: 3722: 3716: 3692: 3686: 3668: 3651: 3645: 3621: 3620: 3614: 3593: 3573: 3571: 3568: 3566: 3563: 3561: 3560: 3558:, p. 100. 3548: 3533: 3518: 3503: 3501:, p. 281. 3491: 3479: 3464: 3452: 3437: 3425: 3413: 3401: 3389: 3377: 3365: 3350: 3335: 3323: 3321:, p. 111. 3311: 3299: 3287: 3275: 3263: 3248: 3234: 3222: 3210: 3198: 3186: 3174: 3162: 3150: 3138: 3126: 3114: 3102: 3090: 3078: 3066: 3054: 3037: 3022: 3010: 2995: 2980: 2978:, p. 657. 2968: 2953: 2941: 2924: 2912: 2910:, p. 266. 2900: 2888: 2873: 2871:, p. 102. 2861: 2846: 2831: 2816: 2814:, p. 352. 2804: 2789: 2774: 2762: 2747: 2735: 2723: 2721:, p. 141. 2711: 2699: 2687: 2675: 2673:, p. 227. 2663: 2651: 2633: 2618: 2606: 2604:, p. 200. 2594: 2582: 2580:, p. 178. 2570: 2558: 2543: 2528: 2526:, p. 639. 2516: 2504: 2492: 2480: 2465: 2453: 2438: 2423: 2421:, p. 142. 2411: 2392: 2390:, p. 156. 2380: 2368: 2356: 2354:, p. 123. 2344: 2342:, p. 134. 2332: 2320: 2308: 2293: 2281: 2266: 2254: 2252:, p. 195. 2242: 2230: 2218: 2206: 2194: 2182: 2170: 2158: 2146: 2131: 2119: 2103: 2101: 2098: 2097: 2096: 2086: 2080: 2073: 2072: 2058: 2042: 2039: 2038: 2037: 2034: 2029: 2026: 2012: 2005: 2000:Italia Unita ( 1998: 1991: 1988: 1986: 1985: 1966: 1960: 1957:Andrew Viterbi 1954: 1948: 1942: 1936: 1930: 1924: 1918: 1912: 1903: 1897: 1894:Frank Renzulli 1891: 1885: 1882:Andrew Puopolo 1879: 1873: 1870:Lennie Merullo 1867: 1861: 1855: 1849: 1843: 1837: 1827: 1824:Larry Lucchino 1821: 1815: 1809:Marianne Leone 1806: 1800: 1794: 1768: 1762: 1756: 1753:Foster Furcolo 1750: 1747:John Ferruggio 1744: 1738: 1732: 1725:Gary DiSarcina 1722: 1716: 1710: 1707:Adio diBiccari 1704: 1701:Albert DeSalvo 1698: 1692: 1686: 1680: 1677:Charles DeLisi 1674: 1668: 1665:Boston Red Sox 1654: 1651: 1645: 1639: 1633: 1627: 1621: 1611: 1605: 1598: 1596: 1593: 1583: 1580: 1525: 1522: 1497: 1494: 1464:John E. Powers 1454:In 1964, when 1431: 1428: 1379: 1376: 1208: 1205: 1184: 1181: 1179: 1176: 1170: 1167: 1163:Caffé Vittoria 1110: 1107: 1061: 1058: 1034: 1031: 1006: 1003: 956: 953: 909:Barre, Vermont 891:Luigi Galleani 879: 876: 832:gentrification 762: 759: 757: 754: 750:gentrification 742: 741: 735: 729: 723: 717: 711: 705: 699: 693: 687: 665: 662: 618: 615: 550: 547: 529:Charles Hurley 525:Mount Rushmore 521:Gutzon Borglum 416: 413: 366: 363: 336:Following the 303:Edith Guerrier 207: 204: 186: 183: 143:Port of Boston 133: 132: 130: 129: 122: 115: 107: 104: 103: 102: 101: 96: 95: 93: 92: 87: 82: 77: 72: 67: 62: 57: 52: 47: 42: 34: 33: 27: 26: 16:Main article: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5039: 5028: 5025: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5009: 5007: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4981:San Francisco 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4971:New York City 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4933: 4930: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4915: 4912: 4907: 4900: 4895: 4893: 4888: 4886: 4881: 4880: 4877: 4871: 4867: 4862: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4847: 4846: 4835: 4831: 4827: 4823: 4819: 4815: 4810: 4806: 4801: 4797: 4793: 4792:Global Boston 4789: 4784: 4780: 4778:9781596295186 4774: 4770: 4769: 4763: 4759: 4757:9781438428147 4753: 4749: 4748: 4742: 4738: 4736:9780835712514 4732: 4728: 4727: 4721: 4720: 4701: 4697: 4693: 4689: 4685: 4681: 4677: 4673: 4669: 4665: 4661: 4651:on 2020-02-14 4650: 4646: 4642: 4638: 4635:. Bostoniano. 4634: 4630: 4626: 4622: 4612:on 2005-09-01 4611: 4607: 4602: 4598: 4593: 4589: 4584: 4580: 4575: 4572:. Bostoniano. 4571: 4566: 4562: 4557: 4553: 4549: 4544: 4534:on 2017-02-11 4533: 4529: 4525: 4520: 4516: 4512: 4510: 4503: 4499: 4495: 4490: 4489: 4488: 4487: 4479: 4475: 4465:on 2016-10-14 4464: 4460: 4456: 4452: 4451: 4446: 4442: 4438: 4434: 4430: 4426: 4422: 4418: 4414: 4410: 4406: 4402: 4398: 4394: 4390: 4386: 4382: 4378: 4374: 4370: 4369: 4368: 4367: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4343: 4339: 4335: 4331: 4327: 4323: 4319: 4315: 4310: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4278: 4277: 4271: 4267: 4263: 4259: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4239: 4235: 4231: 4230: 4229: 4228: 4220: 4216: 4212: 4208: 4204: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4183: 4178: 4173: 4168: 4164: 4159: 4154: 4150: 4145: 4140: 4128: 4124: 4119: 4114: 4110: 4105: 4100: 4096: 4091: 4086: 4082: 4077: 4072: 4068: 4063: 4058: 4046: 4042: 4037: 4032: 4028: 4023: 4018: 4014: 4009: 4004: 4000: 3995: 3990: 3986: 3981: 3976: 3972: 3967: 3962: 3958: 3953: 3948: 3944: 3939: 3934: 3930: 3925: 3920: 3916: 3911: 3906: 3902: 3897: 3892: 3888: 3883: 3878: 3874: 3869: 3864: 3860: 3855: 3850: 3846: 3841: 3836: 3835: 3834: 3833: 3818: 3817: 3812: 3808: 3802: 3797: 3796: 3790: 3786: 3782: 3780:9781555536053 3776: 3772: 3771: 3765: 3761: 3759:9781550710472 3755: 3751: 3750: 3744: 3740: 3738:9780890730560 3734: 3730: 3729: 3723: 3719: 3717:9780226280608 3713: 3709: 3704: 3703: 3697: 3693: 3689: 3687:9781621969266 3683: 3679: 3678: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3657: 3652: 3648: 3646:9780691047898 3642: 3638: 3637: 3632: 3628: 3627: 3626: 3625: 3617: 3615:9780807050361 3611: 3607: 3602: 3601: 3594: 3590: 3589: 3584: 3583:Langone, Fred 3580: 3579: 3578: 3577: 3557: 3552: 3545: 3543: 3537: 3530: 3528: 3522: 3515: 3513: 3507: 3500: 3495: 3488: 3487:Census Bureau 3483: 3476: 3474: 3468: 3462:, p. 82. 3461: 3456: 3449: 3447: 3441: 3435:, p. 13. 3434: 3429: 3422: 3417: 3411:, p. 12. 3410: 3405: 3398: 3393: 3386: 3381: 3374: 3369: 3362: 3360: 3354: 3347: 3345: 3339: 3332: 3327: 3320: 3315: 3308: 3303: 3296: 3295:Veronese 1977 3291: 3284: 3279: 3272: 3267: 3260: 3258: 3252: 3245: 3244: 3238: 3231: 3226: 3219: 3214: 3207: 3202: 3195: 3190: 3183: 3178: 3171: 3166: 3159: 3154: 3147: 3142: 3135: 3130: 3123: 3122:St. Agrippina 3118: 3111: 3106: 3099: 3094: 3087: 3082: 3075: 3070: 3063: 3058: 3051: 3046: 3044: 3042: 3034: 3032: 3026: 3019: 3014: 3007: 3005: 2999: 2992: 2987: 2985: 2977: 2976:Massachusetts 2972: 2965: 2963: 2957: 2950: 2945: 2938: 2933: 2931: 2929: 2921: 2916: 2909: 2908:LaGumina 1999 2904: 2898:, p. 94. 2897: 2892: 2885: 2883: 2877: 2870: 2865: 2858: 2856: 2850: 2843: 2838: 2836: 2828: 2826: 2820: 2813: 2808: 2801: 2799: 2793: 2786: 2784: 2778: 2771: 2766: 2759: 2757: 2751: 2744: 2739: 2733:, p. 75. 2732: 2727: 2720: 2715: 2709:, p. ii. 2708: 2703: 2696: 2691: 2684: 2679: 2672: 2667: 2660: 2655: 2648: 2646: 2640: 2638: 2630: 2628: 2622: 2615: 2610: 2603: 2598: 2592:, p. xv. 2591: 2586: 2579: 2574: 2567: 2562: 2555: 2553: 2547: 2540: 2538: 2532: 2525: 2520: 2514:, p. 21. 2513: 2508: 2501: 2496: 2489: 2484: 2477: 2475: 2469: 2462: 2457: 2450: 2448: 2442: 2435: 2433: 2427: 2420: 2415: 2408: 2403: 2401: 2399: 2397: 2389: 2384: 2377: 2372: 2365: 2360: 2353: 2348: 2341: 2336: 2329: 2324: 2317: 2312: 2305: 2303: 2297: 2291:, p. 79. 2290: 2285: 2278: 2276: 2270: 2263: 2258: 2251: 2246: 2240:, p. 43. 2239: 2234: 2227: 2222: 2215: 2210: 2203: 2198: 2191: 2186: 2179: 2174: 2167: 2162: 2155: 2150: 2143: 2138: 2136: 2128: 2123: 2116: 2111: 2109: 2104: 2094: 2090: 2087: 2084: 2081: 2078: 2075: 2074: 2070: 2059: 2056: 2045: 2035: 2033: 2030: 2027: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2015:Sons of Italy 2013: 2010: 2006: 2003: 1999: 1997: 1994: 1993: 1983: 1979: 1976:, et al. See 1975: 1971: 1967: 1964: 1963:John A. Volpe 1961: 1958: 1955: 1952: 1949: 1946: 1943: 1940: 1937: 1934: 1933:Melissa Satta 1931: 1928: 1925: 1922: 1919: 1916: 1913: 1911: 1910:The Godfather 1907: 1904: 1901: 1898: 1895: 1892: 1889: 1886: 1883: 1880: 1877: 1876:Charles Ponzi 1874: 1871: 1868: 1865: 1864:Thomas Menino 1862: 1859: 1856: 1853: 1850: 1847: 1844: 1841: 1838: 1835: 1831: 1828: 1825: 1822: 1819: 1816: 1814: 1810: 1807: 1804: 1801: 1798: 1795: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1772:Marsico Nuovo 1769: 1766: 1763: 1760: 1757: 1754: 1751: 1748: 1745: 1742: 1739: 1736: 1733: 1730: 1729:New York Mets 1726: 1723: 1720: 1717: 1714: 1711: 1708: 1705: 1702: 1699: 1696: 1693: 1690: 1687: 1684: 1681: 1678: 1675: 1672: 1669: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1655: 1652: 1649: 1646: 1643: 1640: 1637: 1636:Paul Cellucci 1634: 1631: 1628: 1625: 1622: 1619: 1615: 1612: 1609: 1606: 1603: 1602:Joe Amorosino 1600: 1599: 1592: 1588: 1578: 1573: 1571: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1535: 1530: 1521: 1518: 1516: 1511: 1506: 1504: 1493: 1489: 1487: 1483: 1482:Boston Herald 1479: 1475: 1474: 1468: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1452: 1445: 1441: 1436: 1427: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1416: 1409: 1408: 1404: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1385: 1384: 1375: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1352: 1350: 1346: 1341: 1339: 1335: 1334:central Italy 1331: 1327: 1323: 1318: 1317: 1316:Massachusetts 1313: 1309: 1308: 1304: 1302: 1298: 1293: 1291: 1286: 1284: 1280: 1277:The Feast of 1275: 1273: 1269: 1260: 1256: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1245:Montefalcione 1242: 1237: 1236: 1232: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1213: 1204: 1201: 1196: 1194: 1190: 1175: 1166: 1164: 1159: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1144: 1143: 1137: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1126:Prince Street 1122: 1120: 1114: 1106: 1102: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1067: 1057: 1054: 1050: 1043: 1039: 1030: 1028: 1027:Thomas Menino 1022: 1020: 1016: 1015:Paul Cellucci 1012: 1001: 996: 994: 990: 986: 982: 978: 974: 970: 966: 962: 952: 950: 945: 943: 939: 935: 931: 927: 926: 920: 918: 914: 911:and later in 910: 906: 905: 900: 896: 893:, an Italian 892: 888: 884: 875: 873: 869: 864: 862: 858: 854: 850: 848: 844: 840: 836: 833: 827: 824: 823: 819: 817: 813: 809: 805: 801: 797: 793: 791: 787: 783: 779: 771: 770:Thomas Menino 767: 753: 751: 747: 739: 736: 733: 730: 727: 724: 721: 718: 715: 712: 709: 706: 703: 700: 697: 694: 691: 688: 685: 682: 681: 680: 677: 675: 671: 661: 659: 655: 651: 647: 642: 641: 637: 635: 630: 628: 623: 614: 612: 608: 603: 601: 596: 590: 588: 585:and his wife 584: 579: 578: 572: 567: 560: 555: 545: 540: 538: 534: 530: 526: 522: 518: 517:Paul Cellucci 514: 513:Thomas Menino 509: 506: 501: 499: 495: 491: 487: 482: 480: 476: 472: 467: 466: 462: 460: 459:Logan Airport 455: 453: 450:, founded by 449: 445: 441: 440:Frank Wallace 437: 433: 425: 421: 412: 410: 405: 403: 402:Jamaica Plain 398: 395:In 1918, the 393: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 370: 362: 358: 356: 352: 347: 343: 339: 334: 332: 328: 319: 315: 314: 310: 308: 304: 300: 296: 292: 287: 285: 281: 276: 274: 272: 265: 263: 257: 256: 252: 250: 245: 240: 239: 238:The North End 235: 233: 229: 224: 222: 218: 214: 206:1890s – 1910s 203: 196: 191: 182: 180: 174: 172: 168: 162: 160: 156: 152: 148: 144: 140: 128: 123: 121: 116: 114: 109: 108: 106: 105: 100: 99: 98: 97: 91: 88: 86: 83: 81: 78: 76: 73: 71: 68: 66: 63: 61: 58: 56: 53: 51: 48: 46: 43: 41: 38: 37: 36: 35: 32: 29: 28: 24: 23: 19: 4976:Philadelphia 4945: 4817: 4813: 4796:the original 4791: 4767: 4746: 4725: 4705:February 29, 4703:. 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News 213:East Boston 151:East Boston 5006:Categories 4655:2016-10-19 4616:2016-10-19 4538:2016-10-19 4515:Commonweal 4469:2016-10-19 3806:0226895432 3499:Puleo 2007 3460:Puleo 2007 3421:Puleo 2007 3397:Whyte 1939 3319:Green 1979 3307:Whyte 1939 3271:Bostoniano 3230:Mt. Carmel 3074:Puleo 2007 2949:Puleo 2007 2937:Peter 2004 2920:Bouie 2012 2812:Whyte 1981 2770:Puleo 2007 2719:Puleo 2007 2671:Puleo 2007 2602:Puleo 2007 2590:Whyte 1981 2578:Puleo 2007 2524:Whyte 1939 2500:Pasto 2013 2419:Puleo 2007 2388:Puleo 2007 2376:Puleo 2007 2352:Puleo 2007 2340:Puleo 2007 2316:Puleo 2007 2289:Puleo 2007 2262:Green 1979 2214:Puleo 2007 2202:Puleo 2007 2190:Puleo 2007 2166:Puleo 2007 2154:Whyte 1939 2100:References 1906:Alex Rocco 1532:In a 1901 1503:olive skin 1486:Howie Carr 1484:columnist 1383:Newspapers 1360:Gloucester 1152:Dorchester 1019:John Volpe 1011:Republican 995:reported: 981:Giovinezza 878:Anarchists 778:Democratic 587:Clementina 559:Dorchester 282:, founded 179:gentrified 90:Vietnamese 4941:Baltimore 4266:141250519 3194:St. Peter 3182:St. Rocco 3110:Fisherman 2731:Gamm 1989 2683:Kotz 2005 2009:Cambridge 1968:Mobsters 1888:Art Raimo 1818:Augie Lio 1620:tight end 1563:Bolognese 1555:Venetians 1446:, c. 1962 1372:Worcester 1326:Cambridge 1235:North End 1221:feast day 1207:Festivals 1095:Nantucket 1079:Festivals 1042:Haymarket 1000:America'. 977:Worcester 887:anarchist 761:Democrats 670:G.I. Bill 511:In 1997, 475:Stoughton 473:lived in 457:In 1923, 244:tenements 171:G.I. Bill 147:North End 50:Brazilian 4986:Syracuse 4936:Arkansas 4450:Facebook 4326:41427584 4307:: 12–15. 4289:29776333 4227:Journals 4127:Archived 4045:Archived 3826:Articles 3791:(1981). 3698:(1989). 3674:(2008). 3664:60225533 3633:(1991). 3585:(1994). 2695:ZipAtlas 2041:See also 1834:Car Talk 1803:Jay Leno 1415:Car Talk 1368:Lawrence 1301:Avellino 1249:Avellino 1183:Religion 1087:Cape Cod 969:Lawrence 955:Fascists 847:West End 756:Politics 740:, 23.21% 734:, 24.96% 728:, 25.42% 722:, 27.20% 716:, 27.77% 710:, 28.73% 704:, 33.13% 698:, 33.65% 692:, 35.67% 686:, 42.47% 654:Frascati 561:, 1930s. 479:Plymouth 386:Calabria 221:West End 169:and the 155:West End 45:Albanian 4956:Detroit 4951:Chicago 4870:YouTube 4258:4309506 4133:July 6, 4051:July 6, 3565:Sources 3018:Nichols 2019:Belmont 1776:Potenza 1547:Tuscans 1539:Genoese 1420:WBUR-FM 1364:Hingham 1268:Sciacca 1178:Culture 1071:Sciacca 885:was an 790:Harding 658:yuppies 646:Sulmona 430:During 390:Potenza 382:Abruzzi 374:Sciacca 331:Puritan 327:Yankees 325:To the 280:Salerno 271:padrone 217:Roxbury 185:History 159:Roxbury 75:Italian 65:Germans 60:Chinese 4946:Boston 4832: 4775: 4754: 4733: 4358:360446 4356: 4324: 4287: 4264: 4256: 3803: 3777: 3756: 3735: 3714: 3684: 3662: 3643: 3612: 2023:Newton 1565:, and 1559:Romans 1473:Boston 1345:Malden 1272:Sicily 1099:guinea 1093:, and 1075:Sicily 975:, and 973:Lowell 866:Msgr. 782:Wilson 650:Apulia 388:, and 378:Naples 273:system 219:, the 153:, the 80:Korean 4830:JSTOR 4486:Other 4354:JSTOR 4322:JSTOR 4285:JSTOR 4262:S2CID 4254:JSTOR 3660:JSTOR 3624:Other 3570:Books 2226:Smith 1407:Radio 1378:Media 1330:Gaeta 1283:Mineo 872:Globe 786:Fiume 549:1930s 544:vain. 415:1920s 232:Parma 228:Genoa 70:Irish 4991:Utah 4773:ISBN 4752:ISBN 4731:ISBN 4707:2016 4135:2017 4053:2017 3801:ISBN 3775:ISBN 3754:ISBN 3733:ISBN 3712:ISBN 3682:ISBN 3641:ISBN 3610:ISBN 3576:Main 1980:and 1567:some 1320:The 1229:mass 1085:off 1017:and 985:WCOP 922:The 634:WCOP 523:(of 477:and 442:and 289:The 230:and 4868:on 4822:doi 4346:doi 4246:doi 1358:in 1150:in 991:of 660:". 329:of 5008:: 4828:. 4818:32 4816:. 4790:. 4674:. 4643:. 4550:. 4526:. 4513:. 4496:. 4447:. 4352:. 4342:12 4340:. 4318:24 4316:. 4303:. 4281:14 4279:. 4260:. 4252:. 4242:71 4240:. 4217:. 4197:. 4185:. 4161:. 4147:. 4121:. 4107:. 4093:. 4079:. 4065:. 4039:. 4025:. 4011:. 3997:. 3983:. 3969:. 3955:. 3941:. 3927:. 3913:. 3899:. 3885:. 3871:. 3857:. 3843:. 3710:. 3708:75 3608:. 3606:81 3040:^ 2983:^ 2927:^ 2834:^ 2636:^ 2395:^ 2134:^ 2107:^ 2021:, 1972:, 1774:, 1561:, 1557:, 1553:, 1549:, 1545:, 1541:, 1426:. 1374:. 1340:. 1332:, 1303:. 1299:, 1270:, 1247:, 1158:. 1136:. 1121:. 1089:, 1073:, 971:, 919:. 676:. 652:, 648:, 392:. 384:, 380:, 215:, 173:. 157:, 4898:e 4891:t 4884:v 4836:. 4824:: 4781:. 4760:. 4739:. 4709:. 4678:. 4658:. 4619:. 4554:. 4541:. 4517:. 4511:" 4500:. 4480:. 4472:. 4453:. 4439:. 4431:. 4423:. 4415:. 4407:. 4399:. 4391:. 4383:. 4375:. 4360:. 4348:: 4328:. 4291:. 4268:. 4248:: 4137:. 4055:. 3809:. 3783:. 3762:. 3741:. 3720:. 3690:. 3666:. 3649:. 3618:. 3546:. 3531:. 3516:. 3489:. 3477:. 3450:. 3387:. 3375:. 3363:. 3348:. 3297:. 3273:. 3261:. 3246:. 3232:. 3220:. 3208:. 3196:. 3184:. 3172:. 3160:. 3148:. 3136:. 3124:. 3112:. 3100:. 3088:. 3052:. 3035:. 3020:. 3008:. 2966:. 2939:. 2922:. 2886:. 2859:. 2844:. 2829:. 2802:. 2787:. 2760:. 2697:. 2685:. 2649:. 2631:. 2616:. 2556:. 2541:. 2502:. 2478:. 2463:. 2451:. 2436:. 2409:. 2306:. 2279:. 2228:. 2025:) 2017:( 2011:) 2004:) 1984:. 1731:. 810:( 126:e 119:t 112:v

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History of Italian Americans in Boston

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