Hipólito Yrigoyen

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houses at reasonable prices, while in 1921 a maximum increase in rent was fixed by law as a means of tackling an exorbitant rise in rents. A 1917 homestead law provided for grants of 500 acres of public land in the far north and far south, while from 1919 the National Mortgage Bank was permitted to make funds available for landless farmers to purchase rural property. In 1921 a tenant rental law was passed "spelling out rights and limitations of rental contracts and working conditions." In 1919 a railroad worker pension plan was amended, and was further amended in 1921 "to create a fund to build houses for railroaders and in that way helped to alleviate the decided shortage of decent affordable housing." A law of 1921 prohibited the manufacture, sale or importation of matches containing white or yellow phosphorus. More than 3,000 new schools were founded while illiteracy was combated, and the government helped set up an extensive consumer cooperative for employees of the state railways. A presidential decree was signed concerning the work of women and children. In accordance with this decree, "every hall in stores, warehouses, millinery and other commercial establishments must have chairs, provided with backs, equal in number to two-thirds of the female workers employed." In 1921 a fund was established for old age, disability and survivors' pensions for personnel working at various public utilities owned by foreign corporations, along with those working in hospitals and clinics. Various public health initiatives were carried out For instance, Law 10,998 of October 21, 1919, authorised the Board of Sanitary Works of the Nation to construct water works and sewage systems in all towns of the Republic with over 8,000 inhabitants. According to a presidential message from 1921 "The Executive Power has dedicated its greatest care to the development of social assistance services, being its constant desire that they correspond to the needs of the population. Within the limited means available to it, its action has been rapid, tending to reduce the ills that afflict the needy, concurring in some cases with the requested aid, reaching out to other means of aid to the populations and expanding the capacity of the hospital establishments with the essential elements for their regular operation."

812:, the capital of the Province of Buenos Aires. Colonel Martín Yrigoyen, Hipólito's brother, led 3,500 civilians who after some fighting overthrew Governor Carlos Costa and took the city of La Plata. Martín and Hipólito's forces combined, and around 4,500 people marched between 13th and 44th street. The Yrigoyen brothers marched to the front of the revolutionary troop to an ovation from the people of La Plata. They decided to use the hippodrome near the train station as an encampment, bringing to an end the peaceful capture of La Plata. That same day, the Provincial Committee met in Lomas de Zamora to elect a provisional governor, Juan Carlos Begrano, who chose Marcelo T. de Alvear as his Minister of Public Works. The provisional government would only last nine days. When the national government sent troops to intervene, Belgrano did not resist and turned his power over to Eduardo Olivera. The national government designated 742: 761:. One week before, President Carlos Pellegrini had declared a state of siege and, with the justification of a radical conspiracy, sent Leandro N. Alem to prison and practically all of the radical leaders were arrested over a period of two months, with the exception of Yrigoyen. In November of that year, the National Convention of the Civic Radical Union (UCR) was convened, in which Alem and Yrigoyen made a declaration that called for an armed uprising against the regime. The Convention approved a manifesto that labeled the source of the government's power as "based in fraud and violence". On 17 November, the Civic Radical Union issued its charter, the first document of its kind in the history of the party. This was the first in a series of events that began the new radical revolution. 40: 1005:; Law Nº 4578, on 24 July 1905, intended to calm that year's revolution; and Nº 8871, the famous Sáenz Peña Law, passed on 10 February 1912. While this was predictable, the attitude of President Sáenz Peña is notable for attending to the demands of the people, knowing that it would gravely affect the dominance of the conservatives. It is worth mentioning, however, that the new law applied only to elections for national offices: president, vice-president, national deputies, and national senators. The rest of the elections would continue to be held according to the laws in each province. However, the governor of 1058: 892: 665: 414: 817:

would crush the revolution by any means necessary. This was the beginning of the dwindling of the relationship between the two leaders. By October, the revolution had been totally defeated. Yrigoyen was advised that he was to be arrested and when he left his house in the early morning, he was detained by the police force. This was the first time in his life that he was arrested. He was transferred to an old war boat and then to a pontoon that was holding several radical prisoners, where they suffered nausea from the poor hygienic conditions. Soon after, they were sent to

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National Territories). An act of 29 August 1929, which came into force on 12 March 1930, established the eight-hour workday and forty-eight hour workweek for all salaried employees and workers A resolution passed on August 7, 1929, added a registry to the Ministry of Agriculture, whose purpose, as noted by one study, was "to compile and distribute information concerning agricultural lands, such as prices, distance from important market and railway centers, and other data of interest to farm owners and to other persons wishing to purchase land."

1152: 261: 1147:; I have seen popular spectacles extraordinary in number and enthusiasm. But I cannot remember anything comparable to the incredible scene of a Head of State thrown into the arms of his people, carried back and forth by the electrified crowd, to the high seat of honor of the first mandate of his homeland (...). But all that pales in comparison to the reality of the immense plaza, of the human ocean mad with joy, of the president dedicated to his people with his heart and soul, without guards, without an army, without police. 564:

Yrigoyen, in protest of Adolfo Alsina's tendencies towards Mitre's party, formed the Republican Party, which proposed del Valle as a candidate and positioned itself in opposition to any agreements between leaders of Alsina's party and Mitre's pitre. The internal conflict ended with the expulsion of Yrigoyen from his police duties in 1877. In 1878, at 25 years old, he was elected Provincial Deputy for the Republican Party and sat on the Budget Committee, but his term ended in 1880 as a result of the

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against them and so they broke into several buildings and arrested civilians who resorted to their weapons. Alarmed, General Smith, the Army Chief of Staff, headed to the armory to fortify his unit and defend the city's arsenal. Thirty-three unarmed revolutionaries entered at 4 a.m. and were arrested when they asked for Martín Yrigoyen. The revolutionaries' failure to capture the arsenal reduced hope for the revolution, as the plan had been to arm civilians with weapons from the arsenal.

1124:. The opponents were horrified by the presence of the 'sandal-wearing riffraff', a prejudice, certainly, but one that marked the beginning of a new age of democracy." When thirteen electors were needed for radicalism to triumph, the conservatives went to Santa Fe to try to persuade electors who were enemies with the party's authorities. When Yrigoyen was asked about this, he said the famous quote, "Let one thousand elections be lost before we sacrifice our principles." 3459: 1276:, which meant in economic terms continuing supply to its traditional allies and customers. The nations at war demanded cheap supplies, such as blankets and canned meat, which saw their exports triple between 1914 and 1920. This was nothing compared to the exports of corn and refrigerated meat (which was of higher quality than the canned meat). In turn, the import of manufactured goods from Europe stopped as the warring nations focused their resources on 1054:, where he declined to accept the candidacy. Crotto proposed to form a commission to meet with Yrigoyen with the goal of convincing him to accept the candidacy. The delegates Guido and Oyhanarte headed to the residency on Avenida Brasil 1039 and communicated to Yrigoyen that if he rejected the candidacy, it would be the end of the fight. At 6:30 pm, Yrigoyen accepted. The news prompted a celebration in front of the house on Avenida Brasil 1039. 661:

small properties for their old age. The workers at Yrigoyen's estancias received higher salaries then was typical for the time, and they received a share of the earnings, in proportion to the work and responsibility of each employee, and he would regularly give his workers articles of clothing. He collected a fortune of several million pesos, which he used almost entirely to fund his political activity, to the point that he was in debt when he died.

694:), but rather against a whole system. But prior to the revolution of 1890, he was pressured to join the movement and quickly became the Chief of Police of the Provisional Government. But the movement would be quickly repressed by the government, and the pacts between the more conservative factions of the Civic Union collapsed due to a deep internal crisis. This led to the rupture of the Civic Union on 26 June 1891, forming two new parties: the 3218: 780:. The encampment housed as many as 2,800 armed citizens, who arrived in columns to take adjacent towns. On 4 August, the head of the rebellion created several battalions to defend the settlement in Temperley, whose forces had grown to 4,500 men, divided into eighteen battalions. Facing this situation, the governor resigned that same day. Two days later, the Committee of the Province was formed, with Yrigoyen presiding over it, and met in 612: 592:, led by Yrigoyen. Despite the unfavorable economic situation, he donated his salary of 150 pesos to the Children's Hospital and the Asylum for Defenseless Children. Testimonies from the time signal that he was not a good professor, but his method is of particular interest: he gave his own students responsibility over the classes while he acted as a moderator and observer. By 1882, Yrigoyen had finished his classes in theory at the 772:. Meanwhile, in Buenos Aires, Yrigoyen decided to put his plan into practice. Several radical leaders left the city, heading towards the interior of the province, each one assigned a specific task to carry out the new rebellion. At his El Trigo estancia, he met with his friends and some of his workers, some sixty people in all, and they headed towards the Las Flores police station, which they took without resistance. He arrived in 429:, although he continued his studies at the School of South America, where his uncle Leandro N. Alem was a professor of philosophy. Yrigoyen was not a standout student, though he did demonstrate an introspective personality. Early on, he had an inclination towards studying to be a priest, though he soon began to study law instead. For some time, Yrigoyen and Alem shared a household, and the latter tried to introduce his nephew to 1179:, called for "civic hygiene", were carried out slowly by the executive branch in times of legislative recess. With the exception of the provinces governed by radicals who had come into power legitimately, the rest were put into power through intervention. The intervention's goal was to call for legal elections and for the winners to become the new governor. In many districts, radicalism won, although in provinces such as 1235:, and placed controls on the concessions of the foreign businesses that managed the country's railroads. Gabriel del Mazo, historian of radicalism, says that Yrigoyen's government was characterized by his "Petroleum and Land Plan". In addition to the defense of domestic assets, Yrigoyen was able to contain the expansionism of the large foreign economic groups that were active in the country. Facing the aggressive 3050: 1311:, where it had been deposited by European merchants in the name of Argentine exporters. Thanks to this, the Argentine peso reached an 80% gold standard by the end of Yriogyen's first government. The government attempted, to no avail, to create the Bank of the Republic in 1917, a financial entity whose objective would be to regulate the economy and national finances. In a five-year period, it did not issue 789: 797:

participate in the new ministry, to no avail. He then attempted to call on a number of radical figures to join some of the ministries, but they all forcefully rejected the offer. He came up with a plan to disarm the paramilitary forces that existed in several provinces that some governors were using to retain their power in their provinces. He also asked Congress to use

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servants was a subject of much satire in the conservative press. During the first years of his government, Yrigoyen led through decrees, since many of the initiatives he sent to Congress failed due to the conservative majority that still prevailed. Only after the 1918 Legislative Elections did radicalism obtain the majority in the lower chamber.

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An industry with little development, created during World War I but shrunk afterwards, an economic organization that obtained almost all its resources from customs duties, and a budget with a negative balance, among other things, characterized the Argentine economy during the radical period from 1916 to 1930.

1013:, and the new governor organized elections for provincial governor and the provincial legislature in accord with the new electoral reform. The Radical Civic Union decided to participate and won the election, bringing to power Manuel Menchaca, the first Argentine governor to be elected in secret elections. 1049:

and one each for Alvear, Crotto, and Gallo. Crotto rejected the vote that he was given, standing by his position that only Yrigoyen could be the candidate. In the vice-presidential selection, Luna received 81 votes with Gallo receiving 59, and Joaquín Castellanos and Melo received one each. While the

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with the goal of demanding a clean and free election. The following day, while the first commission was debating over whether to put the Constitution into effect after years of institutional disorder, the second commission that met with President De La Plaza did not return with encouraging news. That

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Yrigoyen had maintained his anonymity during the last few weeks of the uprising. It was announced that at the end of February, he would appear at the Federal Court. On 28 February, there was a large crowd and significant police presence waiting for him, but he did not appear, and the government ended

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as Minister of the Interior, who sent a powerful military force to defeat the revolution. On 25 August, the Committee of the Province officially announced that it would drop arms. Alem insisted on ordering a new uprising throughout the country, but Yrigoyen disagreed because he believed that Quintana

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visited Argentina on a goodwill tour, meeting with President Yrigoyen on policies regarding trade and tariffs. Radical anarchist elements attempted to assassinate Hoover by attempting to place a bomb near his rail car, but the bomber was arrested before he could complete his work. President Yrigoyen

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duel. Alvear had a few days to teach his friend the basics of fencing, since Yrigoyen had no knowledge of fencing and de la Torre was an expert. The duel took place on 6 September and Yrigoyen was able to achieve several touches on de la Torre's face and won the duel. During his presidency, he would

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began to decline slowly starting 1914, while the prices of manufactured products that Argentina was importing began to climb in relation to the price of grains. This created an increasingly difficult situation that became an economic crisis, eventually resulting in a global economic crisis in 1929.

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Various reforms were also enacted during Yrigoyen's first presidency. In 1918 a law was enacted fixing the conditions of homework, providing "that a minimum wage for such work shall be fixed by mixed committees of employers and employees." A law was passed in 1919 providing the building of workers'

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The first effects of the law were unexpected for the reformers: radicals and socialists turned out in almost every corner of the country, with the exception of the Province of Buenos Aires, which was fervently controlled by the traditional political apparatus. The provincial parties that controlled

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Starting at eight in the morning, the theater was packed with people and taken over by nerves because although it was known that Yrigoyen would win unanimously, the delegates knew that he would not accept the candidacy. In regards to the vice-presidency, there were demands by the "blue" group to be

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in 1890, emerging from a heterogeneous movement linked together by the ideology of suffragism and the fight against Roca's regime. Following the success of the meeting held in the Florida Garden on 1 September 1889, which helped popularize Leandro N. Alem among the youth of Buenos Aires, and though

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The economic expansion that Argentina experienced during the period known as the "radical republic" (1916–1930), with an average annual expansion of 8.1%, is still today one of the greatest periods of economic growth in the history of the country. However, Yrigoyen had to confront problems arising

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In 1918, the UCR received 367,263 votes, and in 1920, the party received 338,723 votes. Although the UCR won a considerable number of seats in the national legislature, the Senate's slow constitutional turnover meant that the upper chamber did not yet represent the electorate. The death of Pelagio

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The electoral victory meant that, for the first time, a large social class that had until then been excluded from public office was running different state functions. This was the middle class, without great economic resources, nor connections to the upper classes. The presence of "nameless" civil

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The presidential elections on 2 April 1916 were the first in the history of Argentina to adopt the Sáenz Peña Law, which guaranteed a secret and mandatory vote for men, and it is thus considered to have resulted in the first democratic government in the history of Argentina, with the clarification

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with the attendance of some seventy members. Domingo Demaría requested Yrigoyen to be provisional governor of the province, but he denied emphatically, believing that he had participated in the revolution to end an illegal government, not to install another one. Before the insistence of his fellow

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UCR), led by Alem and radically opposed to Roca. That same year, Yrigoyen was named head of the Radical Committee of the Province of Buenos Aires, and in March 1881, he was named head of the Department of Argentine History Civic Instruction at the Normal School for Teachers. The five-year stint at

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Yrigoyen never hosted anyone, not even his friends, at his estancias. He spent time working in the fields alongside his workers, and in his free time he would walk or read. When he became a more popular political personality, he would retreat to his estancias to rest. He advised his workers to buy

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On 1 July 1896, Leandro Alem committed suicide in the middle of the street. Aristóbulo del Valle had died prematurely in January of that year, leaving the leadership of the party to Yrigoyen. However, on the night of Alem's wake, he announced that the loss of his uncle was too grave to be able to

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It was just prior to this revolution that Yrigoyen met Alvear, more specifically when there was an opening for Chief of Police of the city of Buenos Aires. Artistóbulo del Valle proposed a relative of Alem, who had been commissioner. This is how he made contact with Alvear and other civic figures

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There were several signs in early February 1905 that a new radical revolution was coming, and in late January, the revolutionaries left for their destinations throughout the country to begin their revolt. However, both the government and the police suspected that there were plans of a conspiracy

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thanks to the influence of his uncle, and placed in charge of Section 14. Meanwhile, he continued his studies in law and in March 1874 finished his fourth year, while also participating in the revolution that took place that year led by Bartolomé Mitre. In 1877, Alem, Artistóbulo del Valle, and

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As far as the railroads were concerned, Yrigoyen placed rigorous controls on the railways in British hands, especially in regards to tariffs and fixation of capital accounts. He also promoted State Railways, looking for a way to reach the Pacific Ocean to facilitate transport of goods from the

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In domestic policy, additional reforms were introduced during Yrigoyen's second presidency. On June 12, 1929, Yrigoyen authorized funding for the establishment of primary schools throughout the nation (4,514,470 pesos for the establishment of primary schools in Buenos Aires, the Provinces and

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The long-postponed political change began its process with the arrival to the presidency of Roque Sáenz Peña, an internal opponent of the National Autonomist Party. He focused all of his governmental management into passing a law to guarantee secret, universal, and mandatory elections for all

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After a crisis in the ministry that led to the resignation of several ministers, on 3 July 1893, Luis Sáenz Peña called on Aristóbulo del Valle, who had been retired from politics since the fracture of the Civic Union, to reorganize it. Del Valle first attempted to invite the UCR Committee to

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The 1880s marked the consolidation of a landowning elite and commercial sector, tied together in a balance guaranteed by President Roca, first from within the government, and later from outside. The agreement between these distinct dominant sectors brought about the exclusion of any organized

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in the provinces, which deepened the confrontation with the conservative sectors. During his first presidency, he intervened in the provinces twenty times; only five by law, and ten in provinces governed by radicals. The government argued that the provinces whose governors had been chosen in

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In 1870, he entered public administration as a scribe for the General Accounts of the Office of Balances and Information, though he did not remain at this job for very long. Two years later, when Alem was elected provincial deputy, Yrigoyen, twenty years old, was named Police Commissioner of

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to Bolivia, as well as the existence of YPF itself. Yrigoyen, in his seventies, was also kept uninformed of the true state of the nation by aides who censored his access to news reports of the global depression's impact. On 24 December of this year he survived an assassination attempt.

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presided over by the chair of the National Labor Department, and made up of a representative of each party in the conflict, to arrive at a viable understanding for workers and employers. Also in 1919, a law was brought to Congress regulating work in manufacturing and the production of

576:. This was the first discrepancy that emerged between the two. In 1878, he ended his studies, having never completed his thesis. Three years later, a new law was passed that eliminated the requirement for a thesis to become a lawyer in such a way that Yrigoyen was able to graduate. 1194:

Despite the congressional minority, Yrigioyen maintained an attitude inclined towards dialogue and negotiation, not only with the traditional conservative parties that controlled the Senate, but also with the new popular parties that had gained prominence from the secret vote: the

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At fifteen years old, Yrigoyen paused his studies to help his father, who had acquired a fleet of trolleys to work in the port. He worked for a short time in a store and also had a job in the trolley. At his young age, he had already had extensive though diverse work experience.

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Yrigoyen was the nation's first president to sustain a nationalist ideology, convinced that the country had to manage its own currency and credit, and most of all, control over its transports, energy networks, and petroleum exploitation. To this end, he designed the plans for a

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in the City of Buenos Aires, on the street that is now named after him, on the 1600 block. Just prior to this move, his brother, Roque, died after suffering a long illness. That event prompted him to close himself off to the world even more, a state in which he suffered a

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in Standard Basque, which means "city of the high". In the French Basque country, the "h" is pronounced as it is in English, while in the Spanish Basque country, it is not pronounced, which is why the surname Hirigoyen probably has its origin in France, while its variants

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In the fallout of the Great Depression, Yrigoyen's presidency ended due to conspiracies by rival factions who capitalized on flaws in his government. and conservative sectors of the army plotted openly for a regime change, as did American corporations, such as the

921:, but the capital was kept under the government's control. In Mendoza, the governor was deposed and José Néstor Lencinas, the head of the Revolutionary Junta, took the command of provisional governor. In Córdoba, an infantry led by Delfor Del Valle Vice President 1050:

delegates waited for the acceptances of the candidacies, a demonstration gathered outside Yrigoyen's house, but there is no indication that anyone was able to enter. Yrigoyen had gone to meet with the board of directors of the Convention in Crotto's study on the

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together with the passage of a number of progressive social reforms, including improvements in factory conditions, regulation of working hours, compulsory pensions, and the introduction of a universally accessible public education system. Yrigoyen was the first

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him. Yrigoyen was able to support the leaders financially in exile because of the success of his estancias. A few months after the revolution ended, a civic association appeared, the Association of May, which started a pro-amnesty movement supported by the

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continue to practice fencing, a pastime that he never gave up, even in his 70s. In 1897, he joined the Jockey Club and went several times, and although he never set foot in the institution after 1900, he continued to be a member until his death.

971:. Yrigoyen began to run the association to gain freedom for the imprisoned revolutionaries, but that clashed with Quintana's inflexibility. However, Quintana died in March 1906, and José Figueroa Alcorta became president from the modernist 319:

and two-time President of Argentina, who served his first term from 1916 to 1922 and his second term from 1928 to 1930. He was the first president elected democratically by means of the secret and mandatory male suffrage established by the

1203:. He developed radicalism as a "religion of redemption" for the "liberation of Argentina", he was not seen as a politician but as an "apostle", and he believed that the Radical Civic Union was not a party but rather "a motherland itself": 949:

and confined into small spaces with poor living conditions. On 5 March, the state of siege was extended for 70 days, and the prisoners were quickly tried with punishments of up to eight years in prison, and on 2 May, they were sent on the

641:, and fattened cattle to sell them to refrigeration businesses. These activities not only earned him great wealth, but also landholdings of his own. In total he owned almost 25 leagues of land. He was the owner of Estancia El Trigo, near 987:

as its candidate. Sáenz Peña was for establishing an election system that would put an end to electoral fraud, and he was not only a friend of Yrigoyen but also had cofounded the defunct Republican Party with Yrigoyen 30 years before.

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Luna in 1919 had a notable influence on the legislative body and the fact that many radical senators were not aligned with Yrigoyen's government were a few of the factors that stopped several of Yrigoyen's proposals in the Senate.

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among others. Yrigoyen met with President Figueroa Alcorta in 1907 and 1908 to try to convince him to call for corruption-free elections, but he found little success. Yrigoyen revealed the conversations in the Convention of 1909.

1239:, he defended his non-interventionist principles, going as far as ordering Argentina's war boats in one case to wave the flag of the Dominican Republic rather than that of the U.S., who had hoisted theirs on the island after the 1100:–Juan Eugenio Serú) in the popular vote with 339,332 votes, versus 153,406 votes for the Conservative Party. They also won in the Electoral College with 152 votes. The Congress was composed of 45 radicals and 75 opponents in the 1280:. This caused industries to emerge to produce the products that were previously being imported. Between 1914 and 1921, commerce grew with the United States, as England and other European nations had nothing to offer Argentina. 1453:

The new government of Uriburu adopted the most severe measures to prevent reprisals and counter-revolutionary tactics by friends of the ousted administration. The aforementioned Yrigoyenist personalities were later released.

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such as Le Breton, Apellániz, and Senillosa. Alvear and Yrigoyen would see each other at the Paris Café and at committee meetings. He would always hold a special appreciation for Alvear, even in the later years of the

1336:, citing that the conditions of the workers were inhumane. This law, Nº 11.728, was passed in the following radical administration in 1925, but it was vetoed by Marcelo T. de Alvear at the insistence of the Congress. 2350: 1041:

divided the opinions of the delegates, leading them to suspend the session to be continued on 22 March at Onrubia Theater, where they would also have to choose their candidates for president and vice-president.

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Commissary Julián Bourdeu of the Policía de la Capital (Buenos Aires, Argentina) and part of the staff of the 27th precinct, days after the Radical Party revolution, a photo published by the Argentine magazine

281: 1557: 1450:, Minister of Finance in the Yrigoyen cabinet; General Moscini, former Director of YPF; General Baldrich, and a number of Yrigoyenist deputies were arrested by the provisional government of General Uriburu. 904:

At 3:45, President Manuel Quintana arrived at the Governor's Palace to convene an emergency meeting of his cabinet and declared a state of siege throughout the country. Successful uprisings took place in

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He began to work as a professor of Argentina history, civic instruction, and philosophy in 1880, and the Normal School for Teachers, though he was first named President of the Balvanera School Council by

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to the presidency, Alem resigned from his position as Deputy in protest against the federalization and left politics, allowing Yrigoyen, who was not opposed to the new law, to be elected Deputy to the

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to replace the governors of Buenos Aires, Santa Fe, and San Luis, which were the provinces mostly controlled by the oligarchy. Given his proximity to the government, del Valle could have staged a

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The initial push to achieve complete democratic rights was stopped, since the UCR neither controlled the Senate nor the governorships in many provinces. Yrigoyen resorted in several cases to

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Constitution Plaza station in 1920. Yrigoyen lived on the nearby Avenida Brasil until his death in 1933. Years later, his house was demolished to make way for the Arturo Frondizi Highway

280: 568:. That year he was named general administrator of Stamps and Patents, though he did not remain long in that position either. Upon the federalization of Buenos Aires and the arrival of 1045:

on the ticket, and finally, Pelagio Luna, from La Rioja, was designated the vice-presidential candidate. At 10:30 am, the voting began: Yrigoyen received 150 votes, with two for

657:– and he became familiar with their problems and sentiments. In a few years, Yrigoyen had accumulated a considerable fortune, which was to help him achieve his political aspirations. 540: 3470: 1240: 1116:, without any kind of security detail. Historian Luis Alberto Romero notes that something had truly changed when "100,000 people accompanied the new president on his way from the 1187:, the conservatives prevailed, and in those cases the popular decision was respected. Additionally, were no interventions in the provinces of Santa Fe, Buenos, Aires, or Jujuy. 340:

president, convinced that the country had to manage its own currency and, above all, it should have control of its transportation and its energy and oil exploitation networks.

2049: 945:, but some, such as Delfor Del Valle, were captured when they tried to leave the country, and others turned themselves in. Some 70 civil prisoners were held on the naval ship 282: 3356: 2354: 1108:

there were only 4 radicals and 26 opponents. A total of eleven provinces were still being represented by members of the previous regime. After swearing in before the

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When he finished his secondary education in 1869, along his with his uncle Leandro N. Alem, he began his political life as a member of the Autonomist Party, led by

1323:. Congress did not levy taxes on returns, though the administration requested this in 1919. In the same year, Congress passed regulations over conciliation and 4157: 426: 2251: 825:, the only foreign land to which Yrigoyen ever travelled, where they remained until December. He returned to Uruguay many years later after being overthrown. 555:. In his participation in the Electoral Club, he demanded free suffrage, division of rural property, and reform of the judicial power, among other measures. 2889: 832:

Leandro N. Alem, the uncle of Yrigoyen, and a role model that he followed. In 1896, after Alem's suicide, Yrigoyen would become more isolated than ever.

861:, after a meeting UCR Provincial Committee meeting 29 September at Alvear's house in which they voted to dissolve the committee in order to defeat the 1602: 3394: 425:

and had four siblings: Roque, Martín, Amalia, and Marcelina. In 1861, at the age of nine, he entered the San José of Buenos Aires School, run by the

2835: 2777: 1520: 841:'s life, after the radical leaders had come into conflict with each other. As an anecdote about the two leaders, it can be mentioned that in 1897, 2433: 2276: 741: 997:

citizens. After overcoming resistance from the conservatives, who were opposed to the exercise of total democracy, his plan became the so-called

584:, then president of the National Council of Education. He taught these subjects for around twenty-four years, until he was expelled by President 865:

radicalism would enter a state of disorganization until the party's reorganization in 1904. This was a total contradiction of the pact with the

4132: 3154: 2665: 1974: 1676: 1001:. The issue of suffrage was dealt with in three laws: Law Nº 4161, on 29 December 1902, which made possible the first representation of the 805:, as Alem had asked him to, but his legal convictions stopped him from taking action even when it would mean the failure of the revolution. 1016:

In early March 1916, the National Committee of the Radical Civic Union met to call a Convention, which would take place on 20 March at the

929:, and several government leaders who happened to be in Córdoba. Del Valle attempted to capture President Roca, but he managed to escape to 1739:. University of London Institute of Latin American Studies Occasional Papers. London: Institute of Latin American Studies. ISSN 0953-6825. 719:. Little is known about this, due to his reserved nature. During his brother's illness, Yrigoyen befriended two of his brother's friends, 39: 4152: 4127: 4142: 2813: 2634: 1117: 2053: 4147: 4112: 3192: 1200: 1032:, José Saravia, and Isaías Amado. At the same time, it named another commission, made up of Eudoro Vargas Gómez, Crotto, Luna, and 1139:

In my diplomatic career I have attended famous celebrations in different European courts; I have been present for the ascent of a

1155:

1916 Argentine Elections, the first in the country's history to feature guaranteed secret, universal, and mandatory male suffrage

727:, who would play significant roles in the institutional changes that would eventually bring Hipólito Yrigoyen to the presidency. 4122: 857:

When the National Convention of the UCR issued the so-called "parallel policy" on 6 September 1897, to hold elections with the

1163:

at the time to intervene in fourteen federal states where fraud was still in practice, and had been since the creation of the

3387: 2994: 2982: 2962: 3054: 371:. The opposition, on the other hand, accused the Executive Branch of being arrogant and demanded greater participation from 20: 3068: 2556:

Monthly Bulletin of the International Bureau of the American Republics Volume 60, Part 1 By Pan American Union, 1926, P.136

260: 4071: 3403: 2890:"Message to President Hipolito Irigoyen of Argentina on His Escape From Assassination. | The American Presidency Project" 2376: 1908: 776:

on the morning of 3 August alongside 1,200 men and established their encampment for the revolution, led and organized by

625:

During the 1880s, he began a series of rural projects that would give him great economic wealth. He purchased and rented

645:, one of the best shepherding lands in the country; Seña de Anchorena in the province of San Luis; and El Quemado, near 1384: 1221: 937:, there were rumors of suspected movements, but no revolution happensd there. Several revolutionary leaders escaped to 4117: 3147: 3032: 3013: 2860: 1649: 4028: 2594: 4092: 3380: 3182: 1020:, with the attendance of 138 delegates. At the session, the committee designated a commission made up of delegates 695: 690:. Yrigoyen hesitated to join the movement at first since he believed the fight was not against a person (President 3790: 2625:

Social Security in Latin America Pressure Groups, Stratification, and Inequality By Carmelo Mesa-Lago, 1978, P.163

2408: 1432: 1380: 348: 92: 3957: 3669: 1390: 1168: 1082: 1071: 691: 394:

immigrant who in 1847 married Marcelina Alén Ponce, daughter of Leandro Antonio Alén (who was also the father of

344: 3506: 3511: 3448: 2654:

MENSAJE DEL PRESIDENTE DE LA NACION Doctor HIPOLITO YRIGOYEN al abrir las sesiones del h. congreso MAYO DE 1921

2465:

Padoan, Marcelo (2001). "Jesús, el templo y los viles mercaderes. Un examen de la discursividad yrigoyenista".

1144: 1109: 882: 589: 573: 565: 1131:

Ambassador to Argentina attended the event on behalf of his country and wrote the following for the newspaper

634: 601: 4137: 3443: 3419: 2324: 1101: 273: 869:

that the president of the National Committee, Bernardo de Iriogyen, had signed as a tactic to fight against

669: 4097: 3351: 3346: 3140: 1610: 930: 926: 736: 649:. Thanks to his business experience, Yrigoyen had direct contact with the people of the countryside – both 646: 3915: 3481: 3064: 1487: 1196: 1002: 3931: 1524: 1319:

was reduced to 225,000,000 pesos, the reason for which many public positions were left vacant to reduce

854:

lead the party, and he asked those present to return to their provinces of origin until further notice.

3740: 3636: 3238: 3101: 2584:

Labor Legislation of Argentina : Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. 510

2583: 2479: 2441: 2284: 1420: 1368: 1033: 777: 593: 581: 528: 104: 3810: 4013: 1463: 1440: 1228: 972: 383:

Juan Hipólito del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús Yrigoyen was born on 12 July 1852, a few months after the

3843: 3545: 3501: 3486: 2917:. 2nd edition. New York, New York, USA; Hampshire, England, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003. pp. 83–84. 2824: 2692:"Historia Argentina, Hechos principales de la primera presidencia de Hipólito Yrigoyen (1916–1922)" 2645:

Economic Conditions in the Argentine Republic By Great Britain. Dept. of Overseas Trade, 1921, P.39

968: 678: 642: 3699: 3684: 3598: 3424: 1982: 1160: 922: 768:

was overthrown by Juan Sáa, and on 31 July, after a day of bloody conflict, they took the city of

387:. He was baptized four years later, on 19 October 1856 in the church of Nuestra Señora de Piedad. 3764: 3559: 3177: 3124: 2977:. Historia de las elecciones argentinas. Vol. 3. Buenos Aires: Artes Gráficas Rioplatenses. 2177:

Mayón, Carlos Alberto. "La Ley Sáenz Peña en el contexto mundial de los siglos XVIII, XIX y XX".

1558:"El Historiador :: Documentos históricos :: Yrigoyen, en defensa del petróleo nacional" 1436: 1360: 1057: 891: 682: 355:

radicalism was presented as the "authentic expression of the nation and the people" against the "

248: 116: 3936: 1447: 745:

Hipólito Yrigoyen, revolutionary leader 1893. Sketch by Eduardo Sojo, published in the magazine

664: 441: 4066: 3858: 3608: 3341: 3091: 758: 687: 58: 3905: 3805: 3774: 3769: 3578: 3458: 3325: 2691: 1097: 788: 4061: 3972: 3910: 3879: 3709: 3704: 3084: 1353: 1340: 1284: 1037: 984: 724: 630: 391: 162: 4008: 3641: 3583: 3491: 3268: 1288: 1078: 1025: 914: 4107: 4102: 3895: 3884: 3689: 3679: 3664: 3651: 3593: 3573: 3540: 3256: 3207: 1467: 1401:

accompanied Hoover thereafter as a personal guarantee of safety until he left the country.

1251: 1176: 1172: 1164: 1010: 870: 842: 798: 754: 569: 448: 413: 403: 225: 4038: 2605:

Argentina's Radical Party and Popular Mobilization, 1916–1930 By Joel Horowitz, 2015, P.55

1462:

After his overthrow, Yrigoyen was placed under house arrest and confined several times to

8: 3967: 3726: 3721: 3588: 3361: 3163: 2434:"Historia Argentina, Año 1918 de la primera presidencia de Hipólito Yrigoyen (1916–1922)" 1352:

During his first presidency workers' strikes were violently suppressed in events such as

1320: 1180: 1140: 998: 711: 699: 477: 324:

of 1912. His activism was the prime impetus behind the passage of that law in Argentina.

321: 316: 235: 3320: 3998: 3521: 3262: 910: 447:

According to researcher Roberto Etchepareborda, his original last name – as opposed to

368: 328: 4023: 3631: 2351:"El Historiador :: Artículos :: Alicia Moreau sobre el movimiento feminista" 2277:"Historia Argentina, Año 1916 La primera presidencia de Hipólito Yrigoyen (1916–1922)" 552: 3977: 3674: 3028: 3009: 2990: 2978: 2958: 2856: 2252:"A un siglo de la asunción de Yrigoyen, primer presidente electo por el voto popular" 1645: 1503:"Presidentes en la tormenta. Yrigoyen, acosado por la violencia y la crisis política" 1364: 1184: 1093: 1006: 976: 765: 720: 638: 384: 3779: 3300: 2574:

Argentina's Radical Party and Popular Mobilization, 1916–1930 By Joel Horowitz, 2015

2166:

El ocaso de la república oligárquica: poder, política y reforma electoral, 1898–1912

983:

In the 1910 presidential elections, the modernist National Autonomist Party elected

802: 4056: 3982: 3310: 3290: 3197: 1367:. The anti-labor violence was often assisted by the paramilitary nationalist group 1151: 1105: 1089:

the old regime failed in their attempt to form a new conservative political force.

828: 716: 311: 4018: 3874: 3853: 3755: 3694: 3603: 3305: 3285: 3250: 3060: 1296: 1273: 1051: 813: 781: 585: 395: 3946: 3516: 3496: 2179:

Instituto de Derecho Constitucional y Político, Universidad Nacional de La Plata

906: 698:, led by Bartolomé Mitre and in favor of negotiating with Roca's party, and the 4033: 3568: 3415: 1424: 1397: 677:

opposition. In this context, the opposition formed a new party, dissolving the

3372: 1916: 4086: 3800: 3555: 3433: 3187: 1316: 1300: 1292: 1277: 1077:

that the first completely democratic government was the second presidency of

1046: 1021: 548: 407: 332: 3941: 3832: 2532: 707:

this position influenced Yrigoyen notably, giving him a more global vision.

4043: 4003: 3438: 3295: 2793: 1287:

ordered the suspension of the exchange of gold for paper currency that the

1029: 364: 360: 200: 150: 1247:

northwest and southwest of the country to reach Perú, Chile, and Bolivia.

509:" was a political tool used in the 1920s. Gabriel del Mazo, leader of the 3315: 1324: 1269: 1236: 1121: 1113: 1085:, when women were able to exercise their right to vote and be voted for. 963: 605: 430: 352: 337: 2615:

Bulletin of the Pan American Union Volume 49 By Pan American Union, 1919

1389:

On the expiration of Alvear's term in 1928, Yrigoyen was overwhelmingly

551:, a party with a popular base that faced off with the National Party of 327:

Known as "the father of the poor", Yrigoyen presided over a rise in the

3001: 1333: 1112:, the new president was literally carried by a deluge of people to the 818: 686:

he was retired from political life since the 1880s, he helped plan the

375:, especially in matters such as the conflictive federal interventions. 356: 3132: 2855:] (in Spanish) (1st ed.). Buenos Aires: DISTAL. p. 224. 1909:"El fracaso de la revolución – La delicada situación política en 1893" 710:

In 1889, Yrigoyen moved into a house of his own, facing what is today

611: 315:; 12 July 1852 – 3 July 1933) was an Argentine politician of the 3622: 3407: 3202: 2776:(in Spanish). Ministerio del Interior. pp. 68–69. Archived from 785:

revolutionaries, he told them, "Neither provisional, nor definitive"

773: 560: 422: 539: 3868:

Fragile Civilian Governments – Proscription of Peronism (1958–1966)

3822: 3217: 934: 838: 809: 626: 617: 597: 421:

During his youth, Yrigoyen lived in a house in the neighborhood of

372: 1231:

in order to nationalize foreign trade, founded the energy company

975:(PAN), which passed a law of amnesty proposed by former President 792:

Revolutionary Army Troops after their training in Temperley (1893)

2973:

Herrera de Noble, Ernestina (dir.) (2011a). Diario Clarín (ed.).

1488:"Características de Presidencia de Hipólito Yrigoyen (1916-1922)" 1423:, who opposed the president's efforts to curb oil smuggling from 1303:. Fourteen million pesos in gold came back into the country from 955: 942: 918: 846: 822: 769: 399: 672:

neighborhood of Buenos Aires, where Yrigoyen's house was located

3049: 2533:"Gobierno de Hipólito Yrigoyen Conflictos y Causas de su Caída" 1737:

Karl Krause and the Ideological Origins of the Cuban Revolution

1308: 440:

In 1867, he worked at a judicial office that Leandro Alem and

1439:. This was the first military coup since the adoption of the 1304: 1128: 938: 808:

On 8 August, a railway formation left from Temperley to take

2957:. Grandes biografías de los 200 años. Buenos Aires: Sol 90. 2666:"El crecimiento de la última década no fue récord histórico" 1677:"PRESIDENCIA DE HIPOLITO IRIGOYEN :: TATO Y AVELLANEDA" 1237:

interventionist policy of the United States in Latin America

1466:. He died in Buenos Aires on 3 July 1933 and was buried in 1312: 1255:

elections prior to the electoral reform were illegitimate.

71:

12 October 1928 – 6 September 1930

2565:

Area Handbook for Argentina By Thomas E. Weil, 1974, P.275

2409:"::: ARGENTINA HISTÓRICA – la historia argentina :::" 2377:"::: ARGENTINA HISTÓRICA – la historia argentina :::" 129:

12 October 1916 – 11 October 1922

2836:

BULLETIN OF THE PAN AMERICAN UNION, DECEMBER 1929, P.1270

1232: 1581: 1579: 2814:

BULLETIN OF THE PAN AMERICAN UNION OCTOBER 1929, P.1062

2635:

La política sanitaria del presidente Hipólito Yrigoyen

1206: 427:

Congregation of the Sacred Heart of Jesus of Betharram

2237: 2235: 1576: 1299:. This allowed the Argentine currency to maintain a 1975:"Duelo Hipolito Yrigoyen Lisandro de la Torre 1897" 1896:

El radicalismo: ensayo sobre su historia y doctrina

512:

Fuerza de Orientación Radical de la Joven Argentina

304:

Juan Hipólito del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús Yrigoyen

2232: 2972: 1065: 4084: 2952: 367:, the will of the majorities prevailed over the 3402: 1396:In December of that year, U.S. President-elect 1374: 2846: 1291:began in 1889 as a temporary solution for the 1215: 1096:prevailed over the Conservative Party ticket ( 1061:Results of the 1916 Argentine General Election 596:Law School. At this time, through the Spanish 4158:Collars of the Order of Isabella the Catholic 3388: 3148: 1521:"PAÍS GLOBAL – PRESIDENCIA HIPÓLITO YRIGOYEN" 522: 516: 510: 504: 498: 492: 390:His father, Martín Yrigoyen Dodagaray, was a 2943: 2928:New Govt. Takes Speedy Action Against Enemy. 608:, who influenced his thinking considerably. 471: 465: 458: 452: 3534:– First Presidential Government (1826–1827) 3061:Newspaper clippings about Hipólito Yrigoyen 2480:"Mi Vida y Mi Doctrina – Hipólito Yrigoyen" 991: 3395: 3381: 3155: 3141: 2948:. Editorial Universitaria de Buenos Aires. 2847:Gabriel Levene, Gustavo (1 January 2011). 2469:(Universidad Nacional de Quilmes) (5): 91. 476:) have their origins in Spain. Formerly, 351:, political polarization was on the rise. 38: 3471:Supreme directors of the United Provinces 1500: 604:, he discovered the works of philosopher 534: 16:President of Argentina (1916–22, 1928–30) 3193:Alliance for Work, Justice and Education 1150: 1056: 890: 827: 787: 740: 663: 610: 538: 412: 3162: 2664:Jueguen, Francisco (28 December 2014). 2663: 1457: 4085: 2800:, ed. Planeta, 2006, p. 114 (chap.IV " 2403: 2401: 2399: 2397: 1327:in workers' conflicts, establishing a 873:during his second presidency in 1898. 3376: 3136: 2461: 2459: 2225: 2223: 1872: 1870: 1779: 1777: 1775: 1747: 1745: 1731: 1729: 1719: 1717: 1715: 1036:, tasked with meeting with President 876: 621:, nearby one of Yrigoyen's properties 310: 4133:Argentine people of Galician descent 3961:– Military Dictatorships (1976–1983) 3899:– Military Dictatorships (1966–1973) 3847:– Military Dictatorships (1955–1958) 3794:– Military Dictatorships (1943–1946) 3022: 3000: 2953:Herrera de Noble, Ernestina (2010). 1662: 1660: 1658: 1597: 1595: 1593: 1591: 1552: 1550: 1548: 1546: 1544: 1542: 1159:Yrigoyen had suggested to President 406:who would be shot and hanged in the 4072:List of heads of state of Argentina 2975:Yrigoyen gana con la nueva ley 1916 2595:reve biografía de Hipólito Yrigoyen 2394: 2052:. 12 September 2005. Archived from 1644:. Centro Editor de América Latina. 1207:1918 and 1920 legislative elections 1092:The Hipólito Yrigoyen–Pelagio Luna 13: 4153:20th-century Argentine politicians 4128:Argentine people of Basque descent 3992:Return to Democracy (1983–present) 3457: 2798:Los Mitos de la historia argentina 2456: 2220: 1867: 1772: 1742: 1726: 1712: 1523:. 10 November 2013. Archived from 1431:On 6 September 1930, Yrigoyen was 1413: 1404: 1262: 730: 21:Hipólito Yrigoyen (disambiguation) 14: 4169: 4143:University of Buenos Aires alumni 3042: 2946:Mentalidades argentinas 1860–1930 2877:The Oil Business in Latin America 2353:. 4 February 2017. Archived from 1655: 1588: 1560:. 29 October 2014. Archived from 1539: 1501:Perochena, Camila (4 July 2021). 1167:, from which his primary mentors 764:On 29 July 1893, the governor of 3216: 3183:Intransigent Radical Civic Union 3048: 2930:Ottawa Citizen, 9 September 1930 2920: 2907: 2882: 2869: 2840: 1640:Etchepareborda, Roberto (1983). 1222:History of Argentina (1916–1930) 278: 259: 4148:Burials at La Recoleta Cemetery 4113:Radical Civic Union politicians 3958:National Reorganization Process 3226:Radical presidents of Argentina 2937: 2829: 2818: 2807: 2787: 2763: 2754: 2745: 2736: 2727: 2718: 2709: 2684: 2657: 2648: 2639: 2628: 2619: 2608: 2599: 2588: 2577: 2568: 2559: 2550: 2525: 2516: 2507: 2498: 2472: 2426: 2369: 2343: 2317: 2308: 2299: 2269: 2244: 2211: 2202: 2193: 2184: 2171: 2158: 2149: 2140: 2131: 2122: 2113: 2104: 2095: 2086: 2077: 2068: 2042: 2033: 2024: 2015: 2006: 1997: 1967: 1958: 1949: 1940: 1931: 1901: 1888: 1879: 1858: 1849: 1840: 1831: 1822: 1813: 1804: 1795: 1786: 1763: 1754: 1703: 1694: 1669: 1603:"Yrigoyen, un hombre de pueblo" 1393:President for the second time. 1072:1916 Argentine General Election 503:" interchangeably. The use of " 4029:Cristina Fernández de Kirchner 2944:Amuchástegui, Antonio (1972). 2849:Breve Historia de la Argentina 2771:"Historia Electoral Argentina" 2325:"Un promotor de la democracia" 2314:Herrera de Noble, 2011a, pp. 7 2003:Herrera de Noble, 2010, p. 12. 1783:Herrera de Noble, 2010, p. 16. 1723:Herrera de Noble, 2010, p. 11. 1634: 1625: 1513: 1494: 1480: 1385:History of Argentina (1916–30) 1283:When the war began, President 1066:Presidential elections of 1916 900:in its 11 February 1905 issue. 566:Federalization of Buenos Aires 1: 4123:Politicians from Buenos Aires 1681:tato-y-avellaneda.webnode.com 1631:Herrera de Noble, 2010, pg. 8 1473: 1272:. His policy was maintaining 515:(FORJA), recommended he use " 378: 45: 3507:Antonio González de Balcarce 3171:Related parties or alliances 2050:"Bernardo de Irigoyeb – Rev" 1915:(in Spanish). Archived from 1666:Herrera de Noble, 2010, p.10 1375:Second presidency, 1928–1930 1201:Democratic Progressive Party 927:Julio Argentino Pascual Roca 7: 3925:Return of Perón (1973–1976) 3482:Gervasio Antonio de Posadas 3065:20th Century Press Archives 2926:Associated Press Despatch. 2760:Felipe Pigna, 2006, p. 100. 2522:Romero, 1991, p. 166 y 167. 2190:Amuchástegui, 1972, p. 419. 1363:and the suppression of the 1347: 1216:First presidency, 1916–1922 602:Francisco Giner de los Ríos 312:[iˈpolitojɾiˈɣoʝen] 10: 4174: 3741:Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear 3637:Domingo Faustino Sarmiento 3455: 3239:Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear 3027:. Editorial Sudamericana. 2853:Brief History of Argentina 2331:(in Spanish). 12 July 2002 2168:. Edhasa. Páginas 297–304. 1894:Del Mazo, Gabriel (1984). 1433:deposed in a military coup 1421:Standard Oil of New Jersey 1381:1930 Argentine coup d'état 1378: 1369:Argentine Patriotic League 1219: 1169:Miguel Ángel Juárez Celman 1069: 880: 734: 594:University of Buenos Aires 582:Domingo Faustino Sarmiento 529:Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear 18: 4052: 3991: 3955: 3924: 3916:Alejandro Agustín Lanusse 3893: 3867: 3841: 3819: 3788: 3754: 3718: 3650: 3617: 3554: 3530: 3512:Juan Martín de Pueyrredón 3469: 3414: 3334: 3278: 3225: 3214: 3170: 3121: 3114: 3108: 3098: 3089: 3081: 3076: 2742:Luna, 1986, p. 259 y 260. 2413:argentinahistorica.com.ar 2381:argentinahistorica.com.ar 2101:Luna, 1986, p. 140 y 141. 2039:Luna, 1986, p. 112 y 113. 973:National Autonomist Party 969:National Party of Uruguay 845:challenged Yrigoyen to a 543:Hipólito Yrigoyen in 1893 523: 517: 511: 505: 499: 493: 491:The radical leader used " 472: 466: 453: 402:during the government of 297: 274:Hipólito Yrigoyen's voice 267: 255: 242: 231: 221: 207: 187: 182: 178: 168: 156: 144: 122: 110: 98: 86: 64: 57: 53: 37: 30: 4118:Leaders ousted by a coup 2915:The History of Argentina 1009:was replaced in 1912 by 992:Path to electoral reform 679:Civic Union of the Youth 600:Julián Sanz del Río and 4093:Presidents of Argentina 3811:Edelmiro Julián Farrell 3560:Argentine Confederation 3420:Independence War Period 3116:President of Argentina 2894:www.presidency.ucsb.edu 2802:Expropriando al Capital 2537:historiaybiografias.com 2164:Castro, Martín (2012). 1913:www.temperleyweb.com.ar 1855:Luna, 1986, p. 95 y 96. 1810:Luna, 1986, p. 54 y 55. 1585:Luna, 1986, p. 96 y 97. 925:, President Roca's son 217:Buenos Aires, Argentina 4067:President of Argentina 3859:Pedro Eugenio Aramburu 3844:Revolución Libertadora 3609:Juan Esteban Pedernera 3546:Vicente López y Planes 3502:Ignacio Álvarez Thomas 3487:Carlos María de Alvear 3473:of the Río de la Plata 3463: 3342:Revolution of the Park 3092:President of Argentina 2696:www.todo-argentina.net 2513:Del Mazo, 1984, p. 52. 2438:www.todo-argentina.net 2281:www.todo-argentina.net 2199:Sáenz (1988): p 49-57. 1735:Gott, Richard (2002). 1441:Argentine constitution 1156: 1149: 1062: 901: 833: 793: 759:President of Argentina 750: 688:Revolution of the Park 673: 622: 544: 535:Early political career 459: 418: 308:Spanish pronunciation: 59:President of Argentina 4062:Politics of Argentina 3973:Roberto Eduardo Viola 3911:Roberto M. Levingston 3710:Victorino de la Plaza 3700:José Figueroa Alcorta 3685:José Evaristo Uriburu 3619:National Organization 3599:Justo José de Urquiza 3461: 3425:Asamblea del Año XIII 3085:Victorino de la Plaza 2751:Moreno, 1991, p. 159. 1285:Victorino de la Plaza 1177:federal interventions 1154: 1137: 1060: 1038:Victorino de la Plaza 923:José Figueroa Alcorta 894: 831: 791: 744: 704:Unión Civica Radical, 667: 614: 542: 416: 345:1916 general election 163:Victorino de la Plaza 4138:Argentine Freemasons 4014:Adolfo Rodríguez Saá 3937:Raúl Alberto Lastiri 3896:Revolución Argentina 3885:Arturo Umberto Illia 3690:Julio Argentino Roca 3670:Miguel Juárez Celman 3665:Julio Argentino Roca 3594:Juan Manuel de Rosas 3574:Juan Manuel de Rosas 3541:Bernardino Rivadavia 3257:Arturo Umberto Illia 3208:Juntos por el Cambio 3111:Marcelo T. de Alvear 3102:Marcelo T. de Alvear 3057:at Wikimedia Commons 3023:Luna, Félix (1999). 2879:. Beard Books, 2001. 2783:on 14 November 2012. 2056:on 12 September 2005 1468:La Recoleta Cemetery 1464:Martín García Island 1458:Later life and death 1448:Enrique Pérez Colman 1341:international market 1252:federal intervention 1173:Julio Argentino Roca 1122:Palace of Government 1110:Legislative Assembly 1034:Marcelo T. de Alvear 1011:federal intervention 843:Lisandro de la Torre 799:federal intervention 696:National Civic Union 692:Miguel Juárez Celman 681:and forming the new 629:in the provinces of 615:Ruins of Las Flores 449:Bernardo de Irigoyen 442:Aristóbulo del Valle 404:Juan Manuel de Rosas 226:La Recoleta Cemetery 174:Marcelo T. de Alvear 105:Marcelo T. de Alvear 19:For other uses, see 4098:Argentine activists 3968:Jorge Rafael Videla 3932:Héctor José Cámpora 3906:Juan Carlos Onganía 3806:Pedro Pablo Ramírez 3775:Roberto María Ortiz 3770:Agustín Pedro Justo 3722:Radical Civic Union 3656:Oligarchic Republic 3589:Manuel Vicente Maza 3579:Juan Ramón Balcarce 3362:Trial of the Juntas 3326:Ramón Javier Mestre 3164:Radical Civic Union 2733:Luna, 1986, p. 255. 2724:Luna, 1986, p. 253. 2715:Luna, 1986, p. 252. 2504:Luna, 1986, p. 281. 2305:Luna, 1986, p. 205. 2241:Luna, 1986, p. 191. 2217:Luna, 1986, p. 188. 2208:Luna, 1986, p. 187. 2155:Luna, 1986, p. 157. 2146:Luna, 1986, p. 151. 2137:Luna, 1986, p. 148. 2128:Luna, 1986, p. 147. 2119:Luna, 1986, p. 142. 2110:Luna, 1986, p. 141. 2092:Luna, 1986, p. 139. 2083:Luna, 1986, p. 138. 2074:Luna, 1986, p. 134. 2030:Luna, 1986, p. 113. 2021:Luna, 1986, p. 114. 1979:www.acciontv.com.ar 1955:Luna, 1986, p. 107. 1946:Luna, 1986, p. 106. 1937:Luna, 1986, p. 105. 1885:Luna, 1986, p. 103. 1876:Luna, 1986, p. 104. 1846:Luna, 1986, p. 102. 1837:Luna, 1986, p. 101. 1527:on 10 November 2013 1165:League of Governors 1141:President of France 1102:Chamber of Deputies 931:Santiago del Estero 700:Radical Civic Union 588:as a result of the 478:Spanish orthography 398:), a member of the 317:Radical Civic Union 288:Recorded c. 1928-30 236:Radical Civic Union 4009:Fernando de la Rúa 3942:Juan Domingo Perón 3833:Juan Domingo Perón 3765:José Félix Uriburu 3642:Nicolás Avellaneda 3623:Argentine Republic 3584:Juan José Viamonte 3532:Unitarian Republic 3522:Juan Pedro Aguirre 3492:Juan José Viamonte 3464: 3449:Second Triumvirate 3352:Revolution of 1905 3347:Revolution of 1893 3269:Fernando de la Rúa 3125:José Félix Uriburu 3077:Political offices 2825:ANNUAL REVIEW 1930 2357:on 4 February 2017 2229:Luna, 1986, p. 189 2012:Luna, 1986, p. 45. 1964:Luna, 1999, p. 79. 1864:Luna, 1986, p. 96. 1828:Luna, 1986, p. 95. 1819:Luna, 1986, p. 63. 1792:Luna, 1999, p. 23. 1769:Luna, 1986, p. 58. 1760:Luna, 1986, p. 59. 1751:Luna, 1986, p. 57. 1709:Luna, 1986, p. 55. 1700:Luna, 1986, p. 54. 1564:on 29 October 2014 1437:José Félix Uriburu 1339:The prices on the 1289:Caja de conversión 1157: 1079:Juan Domingo Perón 1063: 1026:José Camilo Crotto 902: 883:Revolution of 1905 877:Revolution of 1905 834: 794: 753:On 10 April 1892, 751: 737:Revolution of 1893 674: 623: 590:Revolution of 1905 545: 419: 369:division of powers 329:standard of living 117:José Félix Uriburu 4080: 4079: 4039:Alberto Fernández 3978:Leopoldo Galtieri 3826:terms (1946–1955) 3791:Revolution of '43 3746:Hipólito Yrigoyen 3736:Hipólito Yrigoyen 3675:Carlos Pellegrini 3652:Generation of '80 3462:Flag of Argentina 3444:First Triumvirate 3370: 3369: 3245:Hipólito Yrigoyen 3233:Hipólito Yrigoyen 3131: 3130: 3122:Succeeded by 3099:Succeeded by 3055:Hipólito Yrigoyen 3053:Media related to 2995:978-987-07-1389-0 2984:978-987-07-1392-0 2964:978-987-07-0844-5 2955:Hipólito Yrigoyen 2913:Daniel K. Lewis. 2444:on 14 August 2018 1365:Patagonia Rebelde 1315:instruments, and 1295:and to prevent a 977:Carlos Pellegrini 778:Marcelo T. Alvear 721:Carlos Pellegrini 574:National Congress 531:'s sectors used. 521:" as opposed to " 486:⟨I⟩ 482:⟨Y⟩ 385:Battle of Caseros 363:regime". For the 301: 300: 283: 32:Hipólito Yrigoyen 4165: 4057:Portal:Argentina 3983:Reynaldo Bignone 3880:José María Guido 3705:Roque Sáenz Peña 3397: 3390: 3383: 3374: 3373: 3321:Ricardo Alfonsín 3311:Rodolfo Terragno 3291:Arturo Jauretche 3220: 3198:Broad Front UNEN 3157: 3150: 3143: 3134: 3133: 3109:Preceded by 3082:Preceded by 3074: 3073: 3052: 3038: 3019: 2988: 2968: 2949: 2931: 2924: 2918: 2911: 2905: 2904: 2902: 2900: 2886: 2880: 2873: 2867: 2866: 2844: 2838: 2833: 2827: 2822: 2816: 2811: 2805: 2791: 2785: 2784: 2782: 2775: 2767: 2761: 2758: 2752: 2749: 2743: 2740: 2734: 2731: 2725: 2722: 2716: 2713: 2707: 2706: 2704: 2702: 2688: 2682: 2681: 2679: 2677: 2661: 2655: 2652: 2646: 2643: 2637: 2632: 2626: 2623: 2617: 2612: 2606: 2603: 2597: 2592: 2586: 2581: 2575: 2572: 2566: 2563: 2557: 2554: 2548: 2547: 2545: 2543: 2529: 2523: 2520: 2514: 2511: 2505: 2502: 2496: 2495: 2493: 2491: 2476: 2470: 2463: 2454: 2453: 2451: 2449: 2440:. Archived from 2430: 2424: 2423: 2421: 2419: 2405: 2392: 2391: 2389: 2387: 2373: 2367: 2366: 2364: 2362: 2347: 2341: 2340: 2338: 2336: 2321: 2315: 2312: 2306: 2303: 2297: 2296: 2294: 2292: 2283:. Archived from 2273: 2267: 2266: 2264: 2262: 2256:www.telam.com.ar 2248: 2242: 2239: 2230: 2227: 2218: 2215: 2209: 2206: 2200: 2197: 2191: 2188: 2182: 2175: 2169: 2162: 2156: 2153: 2147: 2144: 2138: 2135: 2129: 2126: 2120: 2117: 2111: 2108: 2102: 2099: 2093: 2090: 2084: 2081: 2075: 2072: 2066: 2065: 2063: 2061: 2046: 2040: 2037: 2031: 2028: 2022: 2019: 2013: 2010: 2004: 2001: 1995: 1994: 1992: 1990: 1985:on 12 March 2014 1981:. Archived from 1971: 1965: 1962: 1956: 1953: 1947: 1944: 1938: 1935: 1929: 1928: 1926: 1924: 1905: 1899: 1892: 1886: 1883: 1877: 1874: 1865: 1862: 1856: 1853: 1847: 1844: 1838: 1835: 1829: 1826: 1820: 1817: 1811: 1808: 1802: 1799: 1793: 1790: 1784: 1781: 1770: 1767: 1761: 1758: 1752: 1749: 1740: 1733: 1724: 1721: 1710: 1707: 1701: 1698: 1692: 1691: 1689: 1687: 1673: 1667: 1664: 1653: 1638: 1632: 1629: 1623: 1622: 1620: 1618: 1609:. Archived from 1599: 1586: 1583: 1574: 1573: 1571: 1569: 1554: 1537: 1536: 1534: 1532: 1517: 1511: 1510: 1498: 1492: 1491: 1484: 1161:Figueroa Alcorta 985:Roque Sáenz Peña 725:Roque Sáenz Peña 717:religious crisis 526: 520: 514: 508: 502: 496: 487: 483: 475: 469: 462: 456: 349:1930 coup d'etat 314: 309: 285: 284: 263: 214: 197: 195: 183:Personal details 171: 159: 147: 140: 138: 134: 127: 113: 101: 93:Enrique Martínez 89: 82: 80: 76: 69: 47: 42: 28: 27: 4173: 4172: 4168: 4167: 4166: 4164: 4163: 4162: 4083: 4082: 4081: 4076: 4048: 4024:Néstor Kirchner 4019:Eduardo Duhalde 3987: 3951: 3920: 3889: 3875:Arturo Frondizi 3863: 3854:Eduardo Lonardi 3837: 3815: 3784: 3756:Infamous Decade 3750: 3714: 3695:Manuel Quintana 3680:Luis Sáenz Peña 3646: 3632:Bartolomé Mitre 3613: 3604:Santiago Derqui 3550: 3526: 3472: 3465: 3453: 3422: 3410: 3401: 3371: 3366: 3330: 3306:Eduardo Angeloz 3286:Leandro N. Alem 3274: 3251:Arturo Frondizi 3221: 3212: 3166: 3161: 3127: 3118: 3112: 3104: 3095: 3087: 3045: 3035: 3016: 3008:. Hyspamerica. 2985: 2965: 2940: 2935: 2934: 2925: 2921: 2912: 2908: 2898: 2896: 2888: 2887: 2883: 2874: 2870: 2863: 2845: 2841: 2834: 2830: 2823: 2819: 2812: 2808: 2792: 2788: 2780: 2773: 2769: 2768: 2764: 2759: 2755: 2750: 2746: 2741: 2737: 2732: 2728: 2723: 2719: 2714: 2710: 2700: 2698: 2690: 2689: 2685: 2675: 2673: 2662: 2658: 2653: 2649: 2644: 2640: 2633: 2629: 2624: 2620: 2613: 2609: 2604: 2600: 2593: 2589: 2582: 2578: 2573: 2569: 2564: 2560: 2555: 2551: 2541: 2539: 2531: 2530: 2526: 2521: 2517: 2512: 2508: 2503: 2499: 2489: 2487: 2478: 2477: 2473: 2464: 2457: 2447: 2445: 2432: 2431: 2427: 2417: 2415: 2407: 2406: 2395: 2385: 2383: 2375: 2374: 2370: 2360: 2358: 2349: 2348: 2344: 2334: 2332: 2323: 2322: 2318: 2313: 2309: 2304: 2300: 2290: 2288: 2287:on 17 July 2018 2275: 2274: 2270: 2260: 2258: 2250: 2249: 2245: 2240: 2233: 2228: 2221: 2216: 2212: 2207: 2203: 2198: 2194: 2189: 2185: 2176: 2172: 2163: 2159: 2154: 2150: 2145: 2141: 2136: 2132: 2127: 2123: 2118: 2114: 2109: 2105: 2100: 2096: 2091: 2087: 2082: 2078: 2073: 2069: 2059: 2057: 2048: 2047: 2043: 2038: 2034: 2029: 2025: 2020: 2016: 2011: 2007: 2002: 1998: 1988: 1986: 1973: 1972: 1968: 1963: 1959: 1954: 1950: 1945: 1941: 1936: 1932: 1922: 1920: 1919:on 14 June 2011 1907: 1906: 1902: 1893: 1889: 1884: 1880: 1875: 1868: 1863: 1859: 1854: 1850: 1845: 1841: 1836: 1832: 1827: 1823: 1818: 1814: 1809: 1805: 1800: 1796: 1791: 1787: 1782: 1773: 1768: 1764: 1759: 1755: 1750: 1743: 1734: 1727: 1722: 1713: 1708: 1704: 1699: 1695: 1685: 1683: 1675: 1674: 1670: 1665: 1656: 1639: 1635: 1630: 1626: 1616: 1614: 1613:on 15 July 2013 1601: 1600: 1589: 1584: 1577: 1567: 1565: 1556: 1555: 1540: 1530: 1528: 1519: 1518: 1514: 1499: 1495: 1486: 1485: 1481: 1476: 1460: 1435:led by General 1416: 1414:Fall From Power 1407: 1405:Domestic Policy 1387: 1377: 1350: 1321:public spending 1297:capital outflow 1265: 1263:Economic policy 1241:1916 occupation 1224: 1218: 1209: 1197:Socialist Party 1145:King of England 1074: 1068: 1052:Avenida de Mayo 1003:Socialist Party 994: 954:to a prison in 898:Caras y Caretas 885: 879: 814:Manuel Quintana 782:Lomas de Zamora 755:Luis Sáenz Peña 739: 733: 731:Armed rebellion 586:Manuel Quintana 553:Bartolomé Mitre 537: 485: 481: 396:Leandro N. Alem 381: 331:of Argentina's 307: 293: 292: 291: 290: 289: 286: 279: 276: 244: 243:Other political 232:Political party 216: 212: 199: 193: 191: 169: 157: 145: 136: 132: 130: 128: 123: 111: 99: 87: 78: 74: 72: 70: 65: 49: 33: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4171: 4161: 4160: 4155: 4150: 4145: 4140: 4135: 4130: 4125: 4120: 4115: 4110: 4105: 4100: 4095: 4078: 4077: 4075: 4074: 4069: 4064: 4059: 4053: 4050: 4049: 4047: 4046: 4041: 4036: 4034:Mauricio Macri 4031: 4026: 4021: 4016: 4011: 4006: 4001: 3995: 3993: 3989: 3988: 3986: 3985: 3980: 3975: 3970: 3964: 3962: 3953: 3952: 3950: 3949: 3944: 3939: 3934: 3928: 3926: 3922: 3921: 3919: 3918: 3913: 3908: 3902: 3900: 3891: 3890: 3888: 3887: 3882: 3877: 3871: 3869: 3865: 3864: 3862: 3861: 3856: 3850: 3848: 3839: 3838: 3836: 3835: 3829: 3827: 3817: 3816: 3814: 3813: 3808: 3803: 3797: 3795: 3786: 3785: 3783: 3782: 3780:Ramón Castillo 3777: 3772: 3767: 3761: 3759: 3752: 3751: 3749: 3748: 3743: 3738: 3732: 3730: 3716: 3715: 3713: 3712: 3707: 3702: 3697: 3692: 3687: 3682: 3677: 3672: 3667: 3661: 3659: 3648: 3647: 3645: 3644: 3639: 3634: 3628: 3626: 3615: 3614: 3612: 3611: 3606: 3601: 3596: 3591: 3586: 3581: 3576: 3571: 3569:Manuel Dorrego 3565: 3563: 3552: 3551: 3549: 3548: 3543: 3537: 3535: 3528: 3527: 3525: 3524: 3519: 3514: 3509: 3504: 3499: 3494: 3489: 3484: 3478: 3476: 3467: 3466: 3456: 3454: 3452: 3451: 3446: 3441: 3436: 3430: 3428: 3416:May Revolution 3412: 3411: 3404:Heads of state 3400: 3399: 3392: 3385: 3377: 3368: 3367: 3365: 3364: 3359: 3357:1916–30 period 3354: 3349: 3344: 3338: 3336: 3332: 3331: 3329: 3328: 3323: 3318: 3313: 3308: 3303: 3301:Ricardo Balbín 3298: 3293: 3288: 3282: 3280: 3279:Other Radicals 3276: 3275: 3273: 3272: 3266: 3260: 3254: 3248: 3242: 3236: 3229: 3227: 3223: 3222: 3215: 3213: 3211: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3195: 3190: 3185: 3180: 3174: 3172: 3168: 3167: 3160: 3159: 3152: 3145: 3137: 3129: 3128: 3123: 3120: 3113: 3110: 3106: 3105: 3100: 3097: 3088: 3083: 3079: 3078: 3072: 3071: 3058: 3044: 3043:External links 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Congreso 668:Plaque in the 647:General Alvear 536: 533: 484:for uppercase 380: 377: 322:Sáenz Peña Law 299: 298: 295: 294: 287: 277: 272: 271: 270: 269: 268: 265: 264: 257: 253: 252: 246: 240: 239: 233: 229: 228: 223: 219: 218: 215:(aged 80) 209: 205: 204: 189: 185: 184: 180: 179: 176: 175: 172: 166: 165: 160: 154: 153: 148: 146:Vice President 142: 141: 120: 119: 114: 108: 107: 102: 96: 95: 90: 88:Vice President 84: 83: 62: 61: 55: 54: 51: 50: 43: 35: 34: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4170: 4159: 4156: 4154: 4151: 4149: 4146: 4144: 4141: 4139: 4136: 4134: 4131: 4129: 4126: 4124: 4121: 4119: 4116: 4114: 4111: 4109: 4106: 4104: 4101: 4099: 4096: 4094: 4091: 4090: 4088: 4073: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4054: 4051: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4037: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4017: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4002: 4000: 3999:Raúl Alfonsín 3997: 3996: 3994: 3990: 3984: 3981: 3979: 3976: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3965: 3963: 3960: 3959: 3954: 3948: 3945: 3943: 3940: 3938: 3935: 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Roca 868: 864: 863:bernardistas, 860: 855: 851: 848: 844: 840: 830: 826: 824: 820: 815: 811: 806: 804: 800: 790: 786: 783: 779: 775: 771: 767: 762: 760: 756: 748: 743: 738: 728: 726: 722: 718: 713: 708: 705: 701: 697: 693: 689: 684: 680: 671: 666: 662: 658: 656: 652: 648: 644: 640: 636: 632: 628: 620: 619: 613: 609: 607: 603: 599: 595: 591: 587: 583: 577: 575: 571: 570:Julio A. Roca 567: 562: 556: 554: 550: 549:Adolfo Alsina 541: 532: 530: 525: 519: 513: 507: 501: 495: 489: 479: 474: 468: 461: 455: 450: 445: 443: 438: 434: 432: 428: 424: 415: 411: 409: 408:Plaza de Mayo 405: 401: 397: 393: 392:Basque-French 388: 386: 376: 374: 370: 366: 362: 358: 354: 350: 346: 341: 339: 334: 333:working class 330: 325: 323: 318: 313: 305: 296: 275: 266: 262: 258: 254: 250: 247: 241: 237: 234: 230: 227: 224: 222:Resting place 220: 210: 206: 202: 190: 186: 181: 177: 173: 167: 164: 161: 155: 152: 149: 143: 126: 121: 118: 115: 109: 106: 103: 97: 94: 91: 85: 68: 63: 60: 56: 52: 41: 36: 29: 26: 22: 4044:Javier Milei 4004:Carlos Menem 3956: 3947:Isabel Perón 3894: 3842: 3821: 3789: 3745: 3735: 3720: 3655: 3618: 3531: 3517:José Rondeau 3497:José Rondeau 3439:Junta Grande 3296:Ernesto Sanz 3244: 3232: 3115: 3090: 3024: 3005: 2974: 2954: 2945: 2938:Bibliography 2927: 2922: 2914: 2909: 2897:. Retrieved 2893: 2884: 2876: 2871: 2852: 2848: 2842: 2831: 2820: 2809: 2801: 2797: 2794:Felipe Pigna 2789: 2778:the original 2765: 2756: 2747: 2738: 2729: 2720: 2711: 2699:. Retrieved 2695: 2686: 2674:. Retrieved 2672:(in Spanish) 2669: 2659: 2650: 2641: 2630: 2621: 2610: 2601: 2590: 2579: 2570: 2561: 2552: 2540:. Retrieved 2536: 2527: 2518: 2509: 2500: 2488:. Retrieved 2483: 2474: 2466: 2446:. Retrieved 2442:the original 2437: 2428: 2416:. Retrieved 2412: 2384:. Retrieved 2380: 2371: 2359:. Retrieved 2355:the original 2345: 2333:. Retrieved 2328: 2319: 2310: 2301: 2289:. Retrieved 2285:the original 2280: 2271: 2259:. Retrieved 2255: 2246: 2213: 2204: 2195: 2186: 2178: 2173: 2165: 2160: 2151: 2142: 2133: 2124: 2115: 2106: 2097: 2088: 2079: 2070: 2058:. Retrieved 2054:the original 2044: 2035: 2026: 2017: 2008: 1999: 1987:. Retrieved 1983:the original 1978: 1969: 1960: 1951: 1942: 1933: 1921:. Retrieved 1917:the original 1912: 1903: 1895: 1890: 1881: 1860: 1851: 1842: 1833: 1824: 1815: 1806: 1797: 1788: 1765: 1756: 1736: 1705: 1696: 1684:. Retrieved 1680: 1671: 1641: 1636: 1627: 1615:. Retrieved 1611:the original 1606: 1566:. Retrieved 1562:the original 1529:. Retrieved 1525:the original 1515: 1506: 1496: 1482: 1461: 1452: 1445:coup d'état, 1444: 1443:. After the 1430: 1417: 1408: 1395: 1388: 1355:La Forestral 1354: 1351: 1338: 1328: 1282: 1278:war industry 1266: 1257: 1249: 1245: 1229:Central Bank 1225: 1210: 1193: 1189: 1158: 1138: 1132: 1126: 1091: 1087: 1075: 1043: 1030:Pelagio Luna 1017: 1015: 995: 982: 960: 951: 946: 907:Bahía Blanca 903: 897: 886: 866: 862: 858: 856: 852: 835: 807: 795: 763: 757:was elected 752: 746: 709: 703: 675: 670:Constitución 659: 654: 650: 631:Buenos Aires 624: 616: 578: 557: 546: 490: 446: 439: 435: 420: 389: 382: 365:ruling party 361:conservative 343:Between the 342: 326: 303: 302: 245:affiliations 213:(1933-07-03) 201:Buenos Aires 198:12 July 1852 170:Succeeded by 151:Pelagio Luna 124: 112:Succeeded by 66: 25: 4108:1933 deaths 4103:1852 births 3758:(1930–1943) 3729:(1916–1930) 3658:(1880–1916) 3625:(1862–1880) 3562:(1827–1862) 3475:(1814–1820) 3427:(1810–1814) 3316:Julio Cobos 3271:(1999-2003) 3265:(1983-1989) 3259:(1963-1969) 3253:(1958-1963) 3247:(1928-1934) 3241:(1922-1928) 3235:(1916-1922) 3178:Civic Union 3002:Luna, Félix 1361:Tragic Week 1325:arbitration 1270:World War I 1114:Casa Rosada 1098:Ángel Rojas 964:exonerating 803:coup d'état 747:Don Quijote 683:Civic Union 606:Karl Krause 431:Freemasonry 353:Personalist 338:nationalist 251:(1890–1891) 249:Civic Union 238:(1891–1933) 211:3 July 1933 203:, Argentina 158:Preceded by 100:Preceded by 4087:Categories 3335:Key events 3119:1928–1930 3096:1916–1922 1474:References 1379:See also: 1334:yerba mate 1274:neutrality 1220:See also: 1181:Corrientes 1175:came. The 1018:Casa Suiza 947:Santa Cruz 819:Montevideo 643:Las Flores 379:Early life 357:oligarchic 194:1852-07-12 137:1922-10-11 133:1916-10-12 79:1930-09-06 75:1928-10-12 3408:Argentina 3203:Cambiemos 2670:La Nación 2329:La Nación 1898:. 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