223:. After this is done, Tinirau lends Kae his pet whale to take him home. In spite of strict instructions to the contrary, Kae forces the whale, Tutunui, into shallow water, where it becomes stranded and is killed, roasted and eaten by Kae and his people. When he learns of this Tinirau is furious and sends Hinauri with a party of women (often they are Tinirau's sisters) to capture Kae. The sisters perform indecent dances to make him laugh so they can see his crooked teeth. Then the women sing a magic song which puts Kae into a deep sleep, and carry him back to Motutapu. When Kae wakes from his sleep he is in Tinirau's house. Tinirau taunts him for his treachery, and kills him (Grey 1970:69, Tregear 1891:110).
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poured hot water into the river. This part of the myth could easily have arisen from a lava outburst on the side of the volcano above the river. The hot water swept in a flood over Kuna’s home. Kuna jumped from the boiling pools over a series of small falls near his home into the river below. Here the hot water again scalded him and in pain he leaped from the river to the bank, where Maui killed him by beating him with a club. His body was washed down the river over the falls under which Hina dwelt, into the ocean.
111:) who has dominion over a specific entity. Some variations of the name Hina include Sina, Hanaiakamalama, and Ina. Even within a single culture, Hina could refer to multiple goddesses and the distinction between the different identities are not always clear. In Hawaiian mythology, the name is usually paired with words which explain or identify the goddess and her power such as Hina-puku-iʻa (Hina-gathering-seafood) the goddess of fishermen, and Hina-ʻopu-hala-koʻa who gave birth to all reef life.
82:
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189:. During a fishing trip Irawaru antagonized Māui who had failed to catch any large fish. In revenge Māui assaulted Irawaru when they returned to shore, pushing his brother-in-law under the keel of their canoe, breaking his back and other bones. Irawaru was turned into a dog (kurī) one breed of which was known as
382:
The place where Kuna dwelt was called Wai-kuna, “the Kuna water”. The river in which Hina and Kuna dwelt bears the name
Wailuku, “the destructive water” river. Hina called on Maui for aid. Maui came quickly and with mighty blows out out a new channel for the river. Maui went above Kuna ’s home and
415:
The story of Hina and her ascent to the moon can be found within the stories of many
Polynesian groups, including those of Samoa, New Zealand, Tonga, Hervey Islands, Fate Islands, Nauru, and other Pacific Island groups such as the Maluku Islands in Melanesia. There is debate over which Hina the
282:
Tuna actually lived in peace in Māui's home for some time. But one day, Tuna challenged Māui to a duel. Each would take a turn leaping into the others’ body and trying to kill him. If Tuna killed Māui, then Tuna would take his wife back. Tuna's turn came first: he made himself small and entered
312:
Even within
Hawaiian mythology, Hina could refer to multiple different goddesses. Differentiating between these deities can be ambiguous and is highly debated. However, there are three specific Hawaiian deities named Hina who are widely known and can be distinguished from each other.
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Along with four companions, Tuna rushed toward Māui's home, carried by a huge wave. But Māui's power turned back the wave and left Tuna and his companions beached on the reefs. Māui killed three of Tuna's companions, while one escaped with a broken leg. Tuna himself Māui spared.
239:
told Hina that there would be a great downpour the next day. He would be washed up onto the threshold of her house in his eel-form. When that happened, Tuna said, Hina must cut off his head and bury it, and then regularly visit the place where the head had been buried.
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say that it was Hina who taught Māui to plait the ropes needed to capture the sun, using a strand of her own sacred hair to give the ropes supernatural strength. This legend recognizes important ritual status that elder sisters held in traditional
283:
Māui's body. When he came back out, Māui was intact. Now it was Māui's turn: Māui made himself small and entered Tuna's body, tearing it apart. Māui cut off Tuna's head and, at his mother's suggestion, buried it in a corner of his house.
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For a time, the goddess Hina lived as the wife of Te Tuna, the god of eels. But she grew tired of him and decided to seek love elsewhere. Telling Tuna that she was going to get him some delicious food, Hina left him and went onto land.
403:
The legendary birth of Hina's son, Māui, is described as a supernatural conception after Hina wore a red loincloth she found on the ocean shore. After birth, Hina wrapped locks of her hair around her infant son and set him on a bed of
141:, who one day visited the pool where Hina bathed. One day, as Hina was bathing, the eel-god rubbed against her. This occurred over a number of visits until Te Tunaroa grew bold enough to rub against Hina's genitals, molesting her.
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When the people round about learned that Māui had taken Hina as his wife, they went to tell Tuna. At first, Tuna didn't care, but the people annoyed him about it so much that he eventually vowed to win back his wife from Māui.
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A girl named Hina-moe-aitu ("Hina-sleeping-with-a-god") liked to bathe in a pool that housed many eels. One day, as Hina was bathing, one of the eels transformed into a young man. Hina took him as her lover. His name was Tuna.
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Hina obeyed Tuna, returning faithfully to watch the place where she had buried his head. After many days, she saw a shoot sprout from the spot. Another shoot appeared, and the two shoots grew into a pair of
372:. Another claim suggests Hina's legends were brought to the Hilo coast with ancient immigrants but the stories are so old that the Hawaiians have forgotten her original lands and see Hilo as her only home.
208:
god of fishes, becoming his new wife. The existing wives were jealous and tried to assault
Hinauri, but using her supernatural power Hinauri killed the other wives of Tinirau and so became the senior wife.
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When Hina heard what Māui had done she threw herself into the sea, but did not die and was instead carried across the waves to
Motutapu (Sacred Isle). Her name was changed to
408:
supported by jellyfish in the sea. Māui then traveled to
Kuaihelani where he acquired his famous powers. Legend says when he returned, Māui performed incredible acts such as
114:
Hina continues to be a figure worshiped in many of the
Polynesian religions and her stories serve as traditions that unite Polynesia, specifically the Hawaiian Islands.
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story refers to but certain stories suggest this legend is about Hina the wife of a chief called
Aikanaka rather than to Hina the wife of Akalana, the father of Māui.
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Hina went from place to place, seeking a lover. But all the men she met were afraid to take Tuna's wife, fearing the eel-god's vengeance. Finally she met
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tradition, the coconut's white flesh is called "Tuna’s brains", and it is said that one can see a face when one looks at the shell of a coconut.
314:
348:
The worship of Hina marks a long tradition of the
Hawaiian people across multiple islands. Archaeologists have discovered remnants of a
144:
When Māui heard of this act he went and attacked Te
Tunaroa cutting his body into bits, the tail landed in the sea and became the
754:
682:
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due to her darker mood. Eventually Hinauri would be welcomed by the people of Motutapu and was taken to the house of Chief
392:
Many stories about the goddess Hina, especially in connection with the moon, can be found in chapter 15 (“Hina Myths”) of
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In time, a shoot sprouted from Tuna's buried head and grew into a coconut tree. That was how humankind acquired coconuts.
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827:(ed. Felix Guirand, trans. Richard Aldington and Delano Ames, London: Hamlyn, 1968), pp. 449–72.
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The most common story that presents Hina as the wife of Māui tells of Te Tunaroa, the father of all
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362:. In some of the Hawaiian legends, the goddess lived on Kauiki, a foothill of the dormant volcano
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Hina was the mother of Tuhuruhuru, for whom the ritual initiation ritual was performed by the
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8:
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Pacific Island legends : tales from Micronesia, Melanesia, Polynesia, and Australia
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of New Zealand, Hina is usually considered to be either the elder sister or the wife of
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deities. The name Hina usually relates to a powerful female force (typically a
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referred to in many different stories in mythology. One example is the legend
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and/or Akalana with whom she gave birth to several children including Māui.
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used Hina's name, (spelled therein "Ina") to denote the clan matriarch of
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A number of stories are told about Hina as the elder sister of Māui. Some
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Flood, Bo; Strong, Beret E.; Flood, William; Adams, Connie J. (1999).
325:, the Hawaiian word for moon, is derived from the goddess' name. Lady
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recorded a song called "Hina", contained on the 1988 hard rock album
405:
104:
626:, edited by W. T. Bringham. Archives, B.P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu.
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342:
321:. Hina, the wife of Akalana, is known as the goddess of the moon.
271:, whose mother Taranga urged him to take the goddess as his wife.
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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Legends of Maui - A Demi-God of Polynesia and of His Mother Hina
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185:. Initially Hinatea (Fair Hina) was married to a man named
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Hina was associated with phases of the moon under the names
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300:
456:, a goddess of sea animals who was married to Atua-Metua.
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125:
86:
Mararu: Offerings of gratitude to Tahitian goddess Hina
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was also named after Hina, and the full name of Lady
677:. Honolulu, Hawaiʻi: Bess Press. pp. 182–185.
749:. Honolulu: The Hawaiian Gazette Co. p. 100.
524:included a song called "Hina" on their 2018 album
235:After they had been together for a while, one day
853:
622:Stokes, J. F. G., Heiau of Molokai. 1909 in MS.
179:(Dark Hina). The moon is also known by the name
786:
317:is best known as the mother of Hawaiian hero,
624:The Ancient Worship of the Hawaiian Islanders
577:Westervelt, W. D. (2001). "Legends of Maui".
471:story of Hina and Māui, published as a book,
248:trees—the first coconut trees known to man.
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172:
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123:
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834:. Wellington: A.H. & A.W. Reed, 1961.
412:to make the days longer for Hina's work.
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
664:
500:
293:
80:
32:This article includes a list of general
796:. London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1986.
634:
632:
854:
825:New Larousse Encyclopedia of Mythology
337:. The consorts of Hina include Chief ʻ
841:New York, London: W. W. Norton, 2001.
818:The Masks of God: Primitive Mythology
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366:on the southeast coast of the Island
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99:is the name assigned to a number of
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846:Illustrated Dictionary of Mythology
823:Luquet, G. H. “Oceanic Mythology”.
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599:. Hilo, Hawaii: Petroglyph Press.
424:In Samoa, the equivalent the name
354:Kalaupapa National Historical Park
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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883:
649:Maori Myths and Traditions: Myths
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652:. Wellington: Government Printer
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832:Myths and Legends of Maoriland
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432:which is associated with the
803:. London: John Murray, 1970.
787:General and cited references
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356:, on the Hawaiian Island of
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813:. New Haven: Yale UP, 1940.
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467:wrote a poem retelling the
10:
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839:The Seven Daughters of Eve
740:Westervelt, W. D. (1910).
483:The Seven Daughters of Eve
480:Also, in his popular book
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820:. New York: Viking, 1970.
452:, Hina takes the form of
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801:Legends of the South Sea
595:Varez, Dietrich (2002).
444:Easter Island (Rapa Nui)
419:
388:Legends of Hina and Māui
376:William Drake Westervelt
53:more precise citations.
807:Martha Warren Beckwith
640:Biggs, Bruce Grandison
436:pool on the island of
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378:described the legend:
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848:. New York: DK, 1998.
794:The Legend of Te Tuna
543:List of lunar deities
518:Technical death metal
501:Hina in popular music
474:The Legend of Te Tuna
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352:dedicated to Hina in
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872:Polynesian goddesses
779:Beckwith, pp. 214-25
304:of Hina (right) and
844:Wilkinson, Philip.
706:Campbell, p. 191-95
816:Campbell, Joseph.
811:Hawaiian Mythology
460:Hina in literature
450:Rapa Nui mythology
398:Hawaiian Mythology
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259:Tuamotu and Tahiti
94:
16:Polynesian goddess
799:Alpers, Anthony.
756:978-1-4733-7694-6
697:Alpers, pp. 73-75
684:978-1-57306-084-4
597:Hina: The Goddess
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720:Pilikaʻaiea
488:Bryan Sykes
118:New Zealand
51:introducing
856:Categories
837:Sykes, B.
538:Dema deity
511:Skyscraper
335:Hinakeʻuki
146:conger eel
122:Among the
101:Polynesian
34:references
722:, whilst
646:) (ed.).
549:Citations
406:limu kala
364:Haleakalā
162:society.
642:(1966).
532:See also
469:Tahitian
454:Hina-Oio
359:Moloka'i
339:Aikanaka
253:Mangaian
728:Kukohou
724:Hineuki
656:12 June
438:Savai'i
331:Hineuki
246:coconut
227:Mangaia
216:tohunga
206:Tinirau
201:Hinauri
192:Irawaru
187:Irawaru
175:Hinauri
168:Hinatea
105:goddess
92:(1894).
47:improve
753:
681:
603:
323:Mahina
308:(left)
290:Hawaii
182:Māhina
36:, but
747:(PDF)
526:Æthra
522:Gorod
520:band
492:mtDNA
420:Samoa
350:heiau
343:Wākea
160:Māori
109:queen
751:ISBN
679:ISBN
658:2020
601:ISBN
426:Sina
369:Maui
333:was
319:Māui
301:kiʻi
269:Māui
237:Tuna
139:eels
132:Māui
97:Hina
448:In
396:’s
251:In
221:Kae
154:iwi
126:iwi
107:or
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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