Homs - Knowledge

2348: 4191: 2235: 1223:, to whom Strabo probably referred concerning the Emesenes' phylarchs' alliance with Q. Caecilius Bassus, regarded the Emesenes as a simple tribe, governed by its sheikhs, and still devoid of a real urban existence; according to Maamoun Abdulkarim, occupation of the citadel's tell does not confirm the existence of a real urban center in the plain before the Roman period and recent excavations have refuted the existence of vestiges preceding the Roman period under the actual town's outline, and the existence of an Arab Emesene dynasty in the region, probably located in Arethusa, attests to the secondary nature of this area during the Hellenistic period. Upon 4069: 1523: 106: 1401: 1393: 237: 2762:, while the more modern neighbourhoods of al-Sabil, al-Zahra Jub al-Jandali and Armenian quarter are situated to the east of the Old City. South of it are the neighbourhoods of Bab al-Sebaa, al-Mreijeh, al-Adawiyya, al-Nezha, Akrama and beyond them lay the Karm al-Loz, Karm al-Zaytoun, Wadi al-Dhahab, al-Shamas, Masaken al-Idikhar and Dahia al-Walid neighbourhoods. The modern commercial centre lies to the west in the neighbourhood of Jouret al-Shayyah, and further west are the upscale neighbourhoods of Qusoor, al-Qarabis, al-Baghtasia, al-Mahatta, al-Hamra, al-Inshaat, Karm al-Shami, al-Ghouta and 2303: 1534: 1833: 3782: 2481:

certain districts. By June, there were near-daily confrontations between protesting residents and Syrian forces. As a result of these circumstances, there have been more deaths in Homs and its vicinity than in other areas of Syria. Homs was the first Syrian city where images of al-Assad and his family were routinely torn down or defaced and the first place where Syrian forces used artillery during the uprising. The Center for Documenting Violations in Syria claims that at least 1,770 people have been killed in Homs since the uprising began.

270: 204: 3926:) and it includes exhibitions and concerts between Homs and Palmyra. The festival is held in the first week of May. The Al-Badiya Festival, which is held mainly in Palmyra with some events in Homs, draws approximately 60,000 tourists during the last week of May. Activities include horse, camel and car races, horse contests, music and theatre shows, antique exhibitions and a crafts market. Other festivals include the al-Nasarah Festival and the Festival of Krak des Chevaliers and the Valley. An annual festival is held at the 84: 3648: 3701: 1315: 95: 1299: 11117: 11123: 8915: 2311: 4390: 12814: 3881: 3974: 3536: 113: 10096: 8818: 2100: 2070: 2448: 2007:, who transformed it into a large, fortified camp and key fortress effectively preventing the Crusaders from penetrating deeper into Muslim territory. Immune from attack, Homs became a point where the Muslims could marshal their forces and launch raids against Crusader holdings along the Mediterranean coast. In the early 12th century, the Saljuqids engaged in internal fighting, during which Homs was often a prize. In 1149 the 343: 4403: 4377: 7675: 4269: 4257: 2497: 12807: 4098:, one of four major universities in Syria was founded in 1979. A specialist engineering foundation, the university has one of the largest student bodies. It houses several faculties including medicine, engineering, liberal arts, and sciences and a number of two-year career (vocational) institutions. It is the only university in the country to have departments in petroleum engineering and veterinary medicine. 2659: 2436: 277: 244: 211: 2732:

the Ottoman era, but a short section of fortified wall with a circular corner tower still exists. Half a kilometre to the south, a large earth mound marks the site where the citadel once stood. To the north of the citadel lies the Christian Quarter, known as "al-Hamidiyah". This neighbourhood is one of the few areas of Homs that retains its older look, with most of the

3732:, 47 kilometres (29 mi) south of the city of Homs. Spreading across some 2,500 hectares (25 km), the city covers four main industrial sectors: textiles, food, chemical, engineering and vocational. In all, the facilities are designed to accommodate up to 66,000 workers and their families. Moreover, a free zone has been established within the city. 2544:, halfway on the road between the capital Damascus and Aleppo. The Orontes River splits the city into two main sections: To the east, on a flat land lies the city center and the main neighbourhoods; to the west, lies the more recent and modern suburb of al-Waer. The city spans an area of 4,800 hectares (19 sq mi). 7537: 1203:, as a "very strong place" of the Arab Sampsigeramos and of his son Iamblikhos, "phylarchs" of the Emesene, who had allied themselves to Q. Caecilius Bassus against Caesar in 47 BC; the translators above cited have thought strange Strabo's not saying a word about Emesa. Claims have been made that Emesa was founded by 2283:

centuries resulted in the sacking of its markets on several occasions. Security was even more hampered, when in the 18th century, the Ottomans tore down the gates of the city's walls. Around 1708, the emir Hamad al-'Abbas of the Mawali Bedouin confederation, whom the Ottomans had named "emir of the desert" (

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their manners are agreeable. The women are beautiful and are celebrated for their fine skin." A series of earthquakes in 1157 inflicted heavy damage upon Homs and its fortress, then in 1170, a minor quake finished off the latter. However, because of its strategic importance, being opposite of the Crusader

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rule, Homs started to flourish again in the 20th century. Its geographic and strategic location has made it a centre of agriculture and industry. The "Homs Irrigation Scheme", the first of its kind in modern Syria, brought prosperity to cultivators and the long-established enterprises involved in the

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Saint Mary Church of the Holy Girdle is a historical Syriac Orthodox Church in Homs, Syria. The church is built over an underground church dating back to 50 AD. It is the seat of the Syriac Orthodox archbishopric. Homs is famous for its black stones and rocks of which this church and many others were

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The Old City is the most condensed area of Homs, and it includes the neighbourhoods of Bab Tadmur, Bab al-Dreib, Bab Hud and the immediate vicinity of the citadel, covering an area of 1.2 square kilometres (0.46 sq mi). Little remains of the Old City; its walls and gates were demolished in

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seized the city in 1400. Nevertheless, he did not sack it as he did in Aleppo, Hama and later Damascus, due to a man called "'Amr bin al-Rawas" who conciled with him offering precious gifts to save the city. Later in the 15th century as Mamluk weakness had brought insecurity to the countryside, Homs

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later emphasized that the commanders of the crusader army doubted if the defenders of the Homs citadel actually wanted to release their prisoners. Saladin returned to Homs soon after he was informed about the negotiations between the crusaders and the garrison. Instead of attacking him, the crusader

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The council's organizational structure is composed of the top leadership, consisting of the president, vice-president, and secretary, and the lower leadership, made up of the directors of seventeen city branches: Administrative Affairs, Finance, Technical Affairs, Health Affairs, Legal Affairs, the

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by the Syrian Army and security forces. The Syrian government claims it is targeting "armed gangs" and "terrorists" in the area. According to the Syrian opposition, Homs has since become a "blighted city," where authorities regularly block deliveries of medicine, food and fuel to the inhabitants of

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wrote of the city's once great importance and its current "miserable" condition. He described it as a large, but ruined village administratively dependent on Damascus. The Ottomans did little to revitalise Homs or ensure its security against Bedouin raids. Tribal unrest throughout the 17th and 18th

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and Muslims. The 1860s saw a rise in the population to 15,000–20,000. By 1907, Homs had roughly 65,000 inhabitants, of which two-thirds were Muslims and the remainder Christians. In the 1981 census, the population stood at 346,871, rising to 540,133 in 1994. According to the 2004 census by Syria's

4238:, is a short but vital street that connects the Old Clock Square and Quwatli Square in Downtown Homs. It branches into several smaller streets on its western end, one of which is al-Dablan Street which is the main commercial block in the city, and the other continues west to connect with the Homs- 2026:

noted in 1154 that Homs was populous, had paved streets, possessed one of the largest mosques in Syria, contained open markets, and was frequented by travellers attracted to its "products and rarities of all kinds." He also reported that its residents were "pleasant; living with them is easy, and

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between 1832 and 1840. The city rebelled against Egyptian rule and consequently, the citadel was destroyed when the Egyptians suppressed the revolt. Ottoman rule was soon restored and up to the 1860s, Homs was large enough to form a discrete economic unit of trade and processing of agricultural

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There are 1,727 schools and 15,000 kindergartens in the Homs Governorate, most of which are public facilities. In 2007, 375,000 students in the governorate were enrolled in elementary schools (6–15 years), 36,000 in high schools (15–18 years), and around 12,000 in vocational training schools.

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Homs' location ensures that it receives softening influences and breezes from the Mediterranean. As a result, the city has a much milder climate than nearby Hama, with higher average rainfall of 18 inches (460 mm) instead of 14 inches (360 mm), but it also experiences greater winds.

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noted that Homs was situated along a broad river which served as a source of drinking water for the inhabitants. It was one of the largest cities in Syria and had several smaller districts surrounding it. In 944 the Hamdanids took definitive control of the city, dominating it until 1016. Arab

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The local economy was stimulated when the Ottoman government extended security to the city and its surrounding areas; new villages were established and old ones were resettled. However, Homs found itself faced with European economic competition since Ottoman rule was restored. Homs' economic

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is considered one of Syria's best five-star hotels and the only one of that status in the city. An-Nasr al-Jedid Hotel is built in a 100-year-old mansion and is labelled by tour guides as the "best budget hotel in Homs". Other hotels include Hotel al-Mimas, Ghazi Hotel, and Hotel Khayyam.

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in Syria, by virtue of its central location between the coastal cities and the interior. The main bus terminal is Karnak, situated along Hama Street, 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) north of the city centre on the outskirts. The terminal offers connections to most Syrian cities and

7529: 4056:. The Office aids the Governor in making management decisions related to the Governorate, while the city council is responsible for decisions specific to the city of Homs. It is headed by a president, Nadia Kseibi, and is responsible for the day-to-day management of the city. 4242:

highway. On the eastern end, al-Quwatli street continues as al-Hamidiyah Street which crosses the old Christian quarter and continues to the eastern edge of the city. The Homs-Damascus highway crosses the city from the south and reaches the city center in Quwatli Square.

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from their deposits near Palmyra; the fertiliser is for domestic consumption and export. A growing private industrial sector has flourished in the past decade and many small to medium-sized enterprises occupy the industrial zones northwest and south of the city. A new

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because their campaigns effectively drove out the Crusaders and the Mongols from the entirety of Syria. At the beginning of the 14th century, the city was merely the capital of the smallest province of Syria and was often attached to the province of Damascus.

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has been considered "the only edifice of any real note" in Homs, and was built in the last few years of Ottoman rule in Syria during the 1900s. The mosque is named after early Arab general Khalid ibn al-Walid, whose tomb is located within the building.

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industry boomed due to a decline of European textile production. The quality and design of cotton goods from Homs satisfied both the lower and upper classes of the local, Ottoman, and foreign markets. There were around 5,000 looms in Homs and nearby

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was built in Homs in the early 1930s and it followed an ancient caravan route between Palmyra and the Mediterranean. In 1959, an oil refinery was built to process some of this oil for domestic consumption. The city's oil refinery was bombed by the

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subsequently carried out restorations. All of this work is testified by inscriptions although without exception, they are lost. In 1994, a joint Syrian-British team studied the Citadel of Homs, recording the remains of the walls and towers.

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wrested control of Syria, including Homs, from the Umayyads, and the Arab tribes revolted. Despite the prosperity Homs experienced during this era, Abbasid rule was generally not welcomed nevertheless. During and after the reign of Caliph

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and consequently suffered a greater political eclipse, but it continued to thrive as an economic center, processing the agricultural and pastoral products that flowed to it from surrounding districts. Homs was particularly well known for

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Hama Street starts at the Old Clock Square in the city center and crosses Homs from south to north, where it continues along the neighbourhood of al-Khaldiyah on to the Karnak station, and turns into the Homs-Hama-Aleppo highway.

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noted that Homs was the largest city in all of Syria, but it had suffered "great misfortunes" and was "threatened with ruin." He stated that when the city was conquered by the Muslims they turned half of its church into a mosque.

1511:. It also continued to retain local significance, because it was the market center for the surrounding villages. The city remained a strong center of paganism, because of the Temple of El-Gabal. After one of his victories over 3725:. Also a new phosphate plant and oil refinery are being built east of the city. Homs is also the hub of an important road and rail network, it is the central link between the interior cities and the Mediterranean coast. 4314:. Originally a pagan temple dedicated to El-Gabal, it was consecrated as the Church of Saint John the Baptist under the Byzantines. Later, it was established as a Friday mosque during the Islamic Arab rule of Homs. The 1219:, Emesa does not seem to have received any Greek colony and the authors' complete silence makes one think that it did not increase its visibility under the Seleucid kings. According to Henri Seyrig, it even seems that 6215: 5563: 896:

that bore its current name. Throughout the Islamic era, Muslim dynasties contending for control of Syria sought after Homs due to the city's strategic position in the area. Homs began to decline under the

3554:, Homs had a population of 652,609 of which 51.5% were male and 48.5% female. In an independent 2005 estimate the city had 750,000 residents, and as of 2008 the population was estimated at about 823,000. 6744: 3544:

Homs was one of the largest cities in Syria in the 12th century with a population of 7,000. In 1785, the inhabitants of Homs numbered more than 2,000 and the population was divided almost evenly between

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With Abbasid rule over the Caliphate weakening in the mid-9th century, Homs became sought after by rebel dynasties contending for control of Syria due to the city's strategic position. Initially, the

3589:. In addition to Catholics, Evangelists and Maronites. In the 1880s, the Survey of Western Palestine noted that there were 5,500 Greek Orthodox Christians and 1,500 Syriac Orthodox Christians. The 2347: 2160:

raids; In 1510 a powerful tribe led by al-Fadl bin Nu'ayr was sent on an expedition by the governor of Damascus to loot the city markets as Homs had failed to pay compensation for his "services."

8772: 2219:, grown in the surrounding marshlands from the 16th century, were found in abundance in the city's markets. Moreover, the markets of Homs were the center of a trade in livestock, where flocks of 6062: 1495:; however, this dependence also caused the city's downfall when Palmyra sank to insignificance in the 4th century. Nonetheless, Emesa at this time had grown to rank with the important cities of 2054:

army retreated to Krak des Chevaliers; this enabled Saladin to capture the citadel on 17 March 1175. In 1179, after reorganising his territories in northern Syria, Saladin restored Homs to his

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For approximately 2,000 years, Homs has served as a key agricultural market, production site and trade center for the villages of northern Syria. It has also provided security services to the

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with a conch shell semi-dome. In the opposite wall, there is a carving of two lions, a symbol of Baibars. The first museum built in the city, Homs Museum founded in 1922, is located along

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Throughout the 20th century Homs held high political importance in the country and was home to several heads of state and other high-ranking government officials. In October 1918, it was

4106: 3689:, as well as serving as a point of exchange between the sedentary zone and the desert. Moreover, because of easy access to the Mediterranean, Homs has attracted overland trade from the 4902: 4326:("Church of the Virgin's Girdle") was built in 1852 atop an earlier church dating back to the 4th century, and perhaps 59 AD. The other prominent church in Homs is the 5th-century 4060:

Fire Department, Mechanisms, Parks, Hygiene, Property, Provisional Register, Services and Maintenance, Works, IT, Planning and Statistics, Culture, and Internal Oversight Service.

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in 1923, and the other one, at the western end facing al-Dablan street, is housed in the New Clock Tower which was built in 1957. Homs is well known for its historical roofed

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visitor noted that the city walls and citadel were in good repair, but all within was in decay and only its covered markets "retained their beauty." In 1785 French traveller,

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Homs is also home to several large public heavy industries, such as the oil refinery west of the city which opened in 1959. A fertiliser plant was built in 1971 to process

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around "Year 5 III Shemu day 9" of Ramesses II's reign (BAR III, p. 317) or more precisely: 12 May 1274 BCE based on Ramesses' commonly accepted accession date in 1279 BC.

4303:. These consist of a complex maze of narrow streets and covered commercial alleys extending from the south and east from the Great Mosque towards the ancient citadel. The 8521: 12259: 11538: 8156: 11396: 11365: 11355: 3992:

Sports Club was founded in 1928 and is one of the oldest sports clubs in Syria. Al-Karamah is widely acclaimed on the regional and national levels, having won eight

2420:. The Homs Military Academy played a major role in the years following Syria's independence, as many of its graduates went on to become high-ranking officers in the 8403: 11623: 11618: 11270: 10517: 8103: 4644: 1357:

usurped the throne and put Iamblichus I to death in 31 BCE. Octavian's forces prevailed in the war, however, and as a result the kingdom's throne was reverted to

11170: 10202: 8343: 2524:. Because of the gap, the area around Homs receives much more rainfall and gusty winds than interior regions to its north and south. To the east of Homs, is the 11265: 7891: 8193: 12269: 11840: 11320: 11315: 10813: 6534: 12254: 12049: 11195: 10653: 10332: 7971: 6557: 8677: 8055: 1915:

in October 968, and its inhabitants were subject to slaughter and plunder while the Great Mosque of al-Nuri was briefly restored as a church. In 974–975,

12299: 11553: 11180: 10973: 10327: 10182: 8714: 6718: 4307:—lined with grocery and clothing stores, and workshops for carpenters, artisans, cobblers, metalworkers and knife-sharpeners—are busiest in the evening. 2408:, and it remained the only military academy in Syria until 1967. The French authorities had created a locally recruited military force designated as the 7489: 12570: 12124: 11870: 11770: 10848: 10467: 10252: 10232: 10197: 6748: 2754:

Homs consists of several subdivisions outside the Old City. The large neighbourhood of Khaldiyah spreads along its northern edge which is bordered by

12174: 12169: 12144: 11795: 11493: 11310: 3601: 2766:. The suburb of al-Waer is located even further west, separated from the city by areas of farmland called al-Basatin and the Orontes River forming a 7792: 12264: 12159: 11860: 11350: 11068: 11018: 10668: 10472: 10322: 10227: 10222: 7108: 6625: 6168: 3747:. The city is considered a good base for day trips and excursions to the many historical and touristic sights nearby. Popular destinations include 2612: 2119:

Towards the end of Ayyubid rule, Homs remained a centrepiece of the wars between them and the Crusaders, as well as internecine conflicts with the

12069: 11972: 11942: 11855: 11845: 11830: 11785: 11740: 11643: 11613: 11380: 11360: 11280: 11175: 10828: 10623: 10542: 10282: 3821:("stuffed carrot") is native dish in Homs and is made of yellow carrot stuffed with minced lamb, rice. The city specialises in cooking a type of 1358: 3846:, grilled chicken, and other common Syrian foods, as well as homemade juices. In the Old City, low-price restaurants are grouped together along 12304: 12104: 12059: 11947: 11875: 11865: 11780: 11730: 11633: 11583: 11578: 11518: 11385: 11375: 11275: 11250: 11240: 11235: 10953: 10913: 10673: 10502: 10422: 10352: 10277: 10272: 10172: 2151:

visited Homs in 1355, writing that it had fine trees, good markets, and a "fine Friday Mosque," noting that all of its inhabitants were Arabs.

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The city of Emesa grew to prominence after the new-found wealth of the Emesene dynasty, governed first by one of the sons of Sampsiceramus I,

12189: 11992: 11850: 11638: 11598: 11325: 11245: 11210: 11038: 10698: 10522: 10417: 7074: 7039: 837:, Homs was a major industrial centre, and with a population of at least 652,609 people in 2004, it was the third-largest city in Syria after 12289: 12244: 12114: 12079: 11658: 11478: 11390: 11225: 11185: 11028: 10588: 10567: 10347: 10152: 8252:

The Catholic Encyclopedia: An International Work of Reference on the Constitution, Doctrine, Discipline, and History of the Catholic Church

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Placenames of the World: Origins and Meanings of the Names for 6,600 Countries, Cities, Territories, Natural Features, and Historic Sites

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On 9 December 2015, under a UN-negotiated deal, the remnants of anti-government forces and their families, that had been under siege the

2440: 1284: 7573: 7511: 7023:أدب الـنـكـتـة، بـحـث في جـذور الـنـكـتـة الـحـمـصـيـة ، حـرب الأيـديـولـوجـيـا الـفـكـاهـيـة و لـيـتـورجـيـا الـمـجـانـيـن الـمـنـدثـرة 5972: 4958: 4349:

of Syria. It has been archaeologically neglected because of military occupation until recent years. The tell dates back at least to the

4190: 3896:, the Mamluk sultan, is now the National Folklore Museum. Outside the building is a courtyard, occupied on one side by a large terraced 12249: 12199: 11800: 11628: 11533: 11528: 11453: 11335: 10297: 10084: 7427: 6599: 6569: 4110: 236: 12239: 12179: 11473: 11058: 10593: 10402: 10367: 10187: 10162: 8806: 4084: 3937:

was considered an important day for Homs citizens which is related to certain events happened in the history of the city. During the

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is the largest in Syria. Homs, the governorate's capital, is located in central western Syria, situated along the east bank of the

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writes that Silvanus, the city's first bishop, had no jurisdiction over the city, but the surrounding villages. He was executed by

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Winter, Stefan (2019). "Alep et l'émirat du désert (çöl beyliği) au XVIIe-XVIIIe siècle". In Winter, Stefan; Ade, Mafalda (eds.).

4705: 2751:). Only two gates—Bab Tadmor and Bab al-Dreib—remain today. The oldest of Homs' mosques and churches are located in the Old City. 12234: 11401: 11073: 10603: 10457: 10337: 6278: 2739:

At the time of the Abbasids, Homs was known for its seven gates. They were Bab al-Souq (Gate of the Market), Bab Tadmur (Gate of

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The countryside of Homs saw an increase in Bedouin raids in the first half of the 19th century, interrupted by its occupation by

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indicate that the earliest settlement at the site dates back to around 2300 BCE. Biblical scholars have identified the city with

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of the Romans for aiding their troops in various wars. At its greatest extent, the Arab kingdom's boundaries extended from the

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Adab al-nuktah, baḥth fī judhūr al-nuktah al-Ḥimṣīyah, ḥarb al-aydyūlūjiyā al-fukāhīyah wa-lītūrjiyā al-majānīn al-mundathirah

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ne se prononçait-il pas primitivement ou très faiblement, et cela expliquerait sa présence dans le mot amiral, transcription d

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Le terme « vulgo » indique que Camela est tiré du vocable arabe Ḥimṣ. La transcription de la gutturale initiale par

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stone buildings dating from the Mamluk era. They are still used as shops and dwellings, and there has been recent renovation.

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and traces of Roman town planning still remain. Its transformation into a major city was completed under the reign of Emperor

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with a capacity of 25,000 was inaugurated in 2000. Homs has produced a number of well-known sportsmen, including footballers

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and contains a selection of artefacts from the Homs region, covering the time between the prehistoric and Islamic eras.

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inherited the kingship. Under him, Emesa sent the Roman military a regular levy of archers and assisted them in their

12556: 8671: 8634: 8548: 8515: 8472: 8434: 8397: 8375: 8337: 8240: 8049: 7944: 7858: 7820: 7786: 7752: 7595: 6722: 6131: 6056: 5737: 5594: 5007: 4952: 4774: 1829:, enjoyed the support of the Qays and subsequently razed the city walls in response to a rebellion by the Banu Kalb. 1287:, has been found, 75 kilometres (47 mi) northwest of Palmyra, probably marking a boundary with the territory of 902: 782: 696: 688: 680: 614: 7881: 5672: 4714: 3914:

Homs has several festivals, and the city annually co-hosts the Desert Folk Festival and the Al-Badiya Festival with

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complex and dormitories are located on the western-southern edge of the city next to the neighbourhood of Akrama.

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run through with gold threads and used in feminine apparel. This silk was exported as far as the Ottoman capital

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and only in the 19th century did the city regain its economic importance when its cotton industry boomed. During

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and his partisans, the inhabitants of Homs allied themselves with Ali. When he was defeated, the Umayyad caliph

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mentioned that Homs was large, celebrated and walled, having a strongly fortified castle on its southern hill.

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asserted that both territories were contiguous); this boundary probably ran northwards to Khirbet al-Bilaas on

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According to J. L. Whitaker, "Strabo seems to consider these Emesani to be among the tribes of tent dwellers (

1852:(796–809), the Abbasid authorities sent numerous punitive expeditions against Homs. Under the reign of Caliph 1821:

for a while longer. As a stronghold of the Banu Kalb, a Yamani tribe, the city became heavily involved in the

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between the Mongols and the Mamluks took place on 10 December 1260, ending in a decisive Mamluk victory. The

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There are two main museums in Homs, both located in the central part of the city. Qasr al-Zahrawi, a former

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claimed in the early 10th century that Homs was "noted for the personal beauty of its inhabitants." In 985,

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who made it the kingdom's capital. The Emesene proved their loyalty to Rome once more when they aided Gaius

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at Wadi al-Nasarah opened in 2004 and is located 30 kilometres (19 mi) west of the city. In 2005, the

2373: 2059: 1526:

Silver vase from Emesa, decorated with busts of biblical figures (end of 6th century or beginning of 7th).

539: 8814: 8659:

Little Foods of the Mediterranean: 500 Fabulous Recipes for Antipasti, Tapas, Hors d'œuvre, Meze, and More

8078: 4617: 2369: 2266:—its old rival. In the late 16th century the district was ruled by emir 'Ali Harfush of the famous Shiite 13212: 12659: 12333: 7776: 4088: 4009: 3978: 2136: 2135:

was fought on 29 October 1281, also ending in a Mamluk victory. The Mamluks were finally defeated in the

138: 6176: 2416:

were given privileged positions. The military academy in Homs trained the indigenous officers for these

917:; reconstruction to affected parts of the city is underway with major reconstruction beginning in 2018. 13219: 10217: 8600: 7887: 4672: 4315: 2568: 2314: 1857: 130: 8760: 8749: 5448: 5169:

est fréquente, ainsi Calep (Gautier le chancelier, etc.) pour Ḥaleb. La vocalisation et l'addition de

1353:. Iamblichus I took the side of Octavian, and so upon encouragement from Antony, Iamblichus's brother 12224: 12064: 11255: 10070: 5211: 4001: 3764: 3609: 1934:

tribe ruled over Homs, replacing the Hamdanids. Inclined towards Shia Islam, they did not oppose the

1570: 1545:

Due to the strength of the pagan sun cult in Emesa, Christians initially did not settle in the city.

1404:

The Emesa temple to the sun god El-Gabal, with the holy stone, on the reverse of this bronze coin by

7883:

The Survey of Western Palestine: Special Papers on Topography, Archaeology, Manners and Customs, Etc

2246:

The coming of the Ottomans brought administrative changes to Homs, as it became the capital city of

13247: 11483: 8792: 8663: 7810: 4430: 4068: 2704: 2592: 1999:, they failed in taking the city. Soon after, Homs came under the control of the Saljuqid ruler of 1992: 1780: 1400: 547: 7078: 7043: 4549: 4187:

that mostly travel to Hama are also based in Karnak and are mostly used for quick transportation.

3561:

Today, Homs' population reflects Syria's general religious diversity, and is made up primarily of

2239: 13008: 12888: 11220: 10092: 9951: 8822: 4785: 4725: 4612: 4425: 4294: 2381: 1995:, and finally besieged Homs itself. Although they managed to cut the city off from its main port 1667: 1392: 1382: 1374: 11122: 8072: 5173:

ont été entraînées pour retrouver un mot considéré comme typique pour la région. Peut-être cet

2743:), Bab al-Dreib (or Bab al-Deir), Bab al-Sebaa (Gate of the Lions), Bab al-Turkman (Gate of the 1053:; "nearness"). Thus, the name collectively means "The fortress surrounding" which refers to the 12852: 11093: 10547: 9611: 9102: 8484: 8269: 7656: 7312: 6422: 5265:

Kitchen, K.A, "Ramesside Inscriptions", Volume 2, Blackwell Publishing Limited, 1996, pp. 16–17

4577: 4203: 3918:. The Desert Folk Festival is an annual festival of the ancient traditions and costumes of the 2352: 2295: 1822: 1769: 1756: 1268: 1028: 1008: 819: 791: 493: 105: 8020: 7515: 5357: 3604:, the district of Homs had a total population of 80.691, consisting of 67.587 Muslims, 10.246 2302: 1533: 11136: 8830: 8700: 5966: 5962: 5406: 4942: 4327: 4290: 3993: 3938: 3927: 3903: 2664: 2405: 2377: 2132: 2074: 1814:) was located in the city, and Islamic tradition claims his fingerprints are engraved on it. 1643: 1538: 1522: 1386: 1330: 1319: 1236: 1181: 518: 355: 126: 35: 31: 8604: 7459: 6603: 4353:. The extant Islamic-style walls were built during the Ayyubid period and the Mamluk sultan 905:

rule, the city became a center of insurrection and, after independence in 1946, a center of

11503: 11498: 11165: 9941: 8596:

Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500

7562: 3985: 2318: 2291: 2128: 2104: 1912: 1784: 1737: 1663: 1562: 1546: 1138: 868:

Homs did not emerge into the historical record until the 1st century BC at the time of the

854: 528: 17: 8122:

Between Rome and Persia: The Middle Euphrates, Mesopotamia and Palmyra Under Roman Control

7936: 4608:"President al-Assad issues decrees on appointing new governors for eight Syrian provinces" 2287:) in the region, actually managed to capture the governor of Homs to hold him for ransom. 2031:, the city and its fortifications were soon restored. In 1164, Nur al-Din awarded Homs to 1911:

For around thirty years during the 10th century, Homs was raided by the Byzantines led by

1832: 857:. There are a number of historic mosques and churches in the city, and it is close to the 716: 8: 12084: 11543: 10552: 9786: 6672: 6087:

Aleppo and its Hinterland in the Ottoman Period / Alep et sa province à l'époque ottomane

4513: 4114: 4095: 4073: 3748: 2771: 2744: 2397: 2032: 1678: 1550: 1264: 1212: 862: 858: 830:, Homs is also the central link between the interior cities and the Mediterranean coast. 170: 134: 8914: 5517: 4012:

has a 35,000-person capacity and is home to both football clubs. Another stadium called

3781: 2058:. Shirkuh's descendants retained Homs for nearly a century until 1262 with the death of 1491:

Emesa also grew wealthy because it formed a link in the eastern trade funnelled through

1465: 845:

to the south. Its population reflected Syria's general religious diversity, composed of

12687: 12669: 12633: 12605: 12015: 11691: 11653: 11424: 11190: 9661: 9621: 8923: 8364: 8262: 7648: 7451: 7212:معالم حمص ومشيداتها الأثرية: المدرسة الغسانية.. منارة للعلم والثقافة خلال قرن من الزمن! 6409: 5219: 4702: 4639: 4346: 4135: 3942: 3632: 2409: 1954: 1655: 1605: 1553:

and succeeded by Bishop Antonius—the first bishop to settle Emesa. By the 5th century,

1477: 1423: 1369:

came under the kingdom's control. Relations with the Roman government grew closer when

1204: 1185: 877: 367: 7674: 6274: 1361:(the son of Iamblichus I) after Alexander was executed for treason. It was in 32 that 1341:

in 48 BC, by sending him army detachments. Subsequently, they became embroiled in the

13028: 12984: 12868: 12842: 12705: 12438: 11966: 11750: 11668: 10157: 9961: 9881: 9821: 9726: 9401: 8704: 8667: 8630: 8608: 8544: 8511: 8468: 8458: 8430: 8393: 8371: 8333: 8312: 8293: 8273: 8236: 8215: 8183: 8146: 8125: 8093: 8045: 8024: 8013: 7961: 7940: 7913: 7854: 7816: 7782: 7748: 7717: 7610: 7591: 7587: 7455: 6127: 6090: 6052: 5733: 5590: 5223: 5104: 5003: 4948: 4880: 4681: 4286: 4235: 3790: 3628: 3280: 3186: 2600: 2461: 2389: 2385: 2028: 1938: 1844: 1725: 1613: 1609: 1427: 1370: 7567: 6919: 6352: 6307: 2512:

in a particularly fertile area. The city is in between the southern outliers of the

2425: 2041:, but reclaimed it five years later following Shirkuh's death. The latter's nephew, 1654:

abandoned the city,which served as his headquarters, after his army's defeat by the

12979: 12918: 12847: 11937: 11446: 10537: 10427: 10247: 10100: 9906: 9606: 9436: 9092: 9027: 9022: 7640: 7443: 7338: 6821: 6044: 5560:"Harry Thurston Peck, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (1898), Nemesius" 4435: 4350: 4293:. The older one, at the eastern end facing al-Hamidiya Street, was elevated by the 4239: 4049: 4021: 3793:, the city is well known throughout Syria for its own cuisine. A prominent dish is 3555: 2584: 2564: 2533: 2505: 2401: 2016: 1978: 1970: 1927: 1916: 1880: 1721:. Homs was likely the first city in Syria to have a substantial Muslim population. 1647: 1635: 1625: 1574: 1558: 1480:, the local Arab sun god. He brought the image of this god, a conical black stone ( 1472:

of the privileges given by Caracalla and a reestablishment of those by Elagabalus.

1275:

or one of his successors, which marked the boundary between Palmyrene and Emesene (

1134: 1107: 910: 885: 834: 815: 756: 727: 630: 624: 594: 360: 83: 8594: 4841: 4746: 12933: 12878: 12736: 12579: 11982: 11903: 11880: 11563: 11330: 11013: 10998: 10878: 10643: 10608: 10583: 10496: 10392: 9911: 9901: 9751: 9596: 9441: 9391: 9157: 9147: 9142: 8777: 8764: 8624: 8571: 8538: 8424: 8230: 7988: 7929: 7844: 7742: 7701: 7286: 6260: 6255: 6223: 6219: 6121: 5727: 5695: 5632: 5524: 5111: 4997: 4751: 4709: 4550:"معنى كلمة عَذية في معجم المعاني الجامع والمعجم الوسيط – معجم عربي عربي – صفحة 1" 4342: 4223: 4017: 3958: 3950: 3833: 3636: 3613: 3586: 2682: 2596: 2267: 2063: 2055: 2050: 1966: 1926:

Throughout most of the 11th century, the Byzantine raids receded greatly and the

1849: 1795: 1760: 1455: 1342: 1323: 1292: 1276: 1228: 1208: 1118: 1091: 1079: 1054: 1019: 999: 906: 873: 869: 741: 722: 704: 588: 484: 7220: 6984: 6954: 5134: 1685:

because its inhabitants agreed to pay a substantial ransom of 71,000 to 170,000

1381:, the dynasty was very likely deprived of its kingdom, which was annexed to the 1083: 13106: 12618: 12089: 11977: 11775: 11523: 11299: 11063: 10722: 10658: 10147: 9676: 9536: 9531: 9516: 9386: 9331: 8420: 7166: 6680: 6387: 6248: 5723: 4381: 4231: 4033: 3847: 3605: 3574: 3570: 2465: 2429: 2263: 2253: 2175: 1950: 1807: 1741: 1682: 1419: 1378: 1314: 1307: 1280: 1232: 1154: 1071: 938: 898: 889: 8290:

The Counts of Tripoli and Lebanon in the Twelfth Century: Sons of Saint-Gilles

8264:

The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the World We Live in

8212:

The Leper King and His Heirs: Baldwin IV and the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem

5036: 4289:. It is also well recognised by its two public clocks standing at each end of 3735:

The hinterland of Homs is well known for its grapes which are used in Syria's

3665:

processing of agricultural and pastoral products. Crops grown in Homs include

3647: 1779:) settled there after its conquest. The tombs of Khalid ibn al-Walid, his son 1581:, who lived in the fourth or early fifth century AD, was the bishop of Emesa. 94: 13242: 13236: 13112: 12913: 12695: 12484: 12464: 12399: 12374: 12369: 12364: 12309: 12134: 12044: 11765: 10903: 10663: 10532: 10462: 10452: 10412: 10287: 10113: 10041: 10031: 9991: 9921: 9866: 9791: 9721: 9706: 9641: 9581: 9551: 9346: 9316: 9251: 9201: 8359: 7812:

Territorial Allocation by Imperial Rivalry: The Human Legacy in the Near East

7721: 7447: 6048: 4804: 4677: 4080: 4045: 3989: 3923: 3798: 3728:

A major industrial project was the establishment of a new industrial city in

3700: 3661: 3621: 3065: 2748: 2640: 2525: 2517: 2509: 2477: 2275: 2169: 2120: 1984: 1935: 1900: 1853: 1803: 1748: 1714: 1694: 1674: 1642:, settled around Emesa, ensuring its position as an important center for the 1527: 1496: 1439: 1405: 1334: 1158: 914: 827: 372: 320: 307: 7644: 6457: 4903:"Life in the aftermath: A wounded Homs city struggles to reconcile its past" 3704:

The oil refinery of Homs, built by Czechoslovakian firm Technoexport in 1959

1430:

to a woman from a family of notables based in Emesa. According to a text of

13142: 13022: 12943: 12583: 12548: 12454: 12449: 12444: 12419: 12414: 12349: 12344: 12294: 12284: 11593: 11458: 11158: 11008: 10968: 10923: 10872: 10803: 10772: 10743: 10738: 10692: 10648: 10633: 10572: 10357: 10316: 10192: 10036: 9936: 9876: 9871: 9831: 9761: 9756: 9711: 9646: 9511: 9491: 9471: 9416: 9306: 9291: 9286: 9261: 9221: 9057: 9032: 9002: 8982: 8937: 7850: 7624: 7140: 6714: 6038: 4331: 4206:

operated daily departures to Damascus and Aleppo. The nearest airports are

4152: 4053: 3962: 3837: 3740: 3690: 3617: 3562: 2759: 2620: 2271: 1946: 1554: 1460: 1366: 1303: 1244: 1240: 1216: 1150: 1122: 991: 881: 876:

who gave the city its name. Originally a center of worship for the sun god

5037:"The client kings of Emesa: a study of local identities in the Roman East" 3892:-era palace belonging to Ali ibn Abi al-Fadl al-Azzhari, a subordinate of 2299:

products from its satellite villages and the neighbouring Bedouin tribes.

1322:, photographed 1907; it may have been built in 78–79 by a relative of the 959:

in turn derived from the name of the nomadic Arab tribe known in Greek as

12746: 12651: 12613: 12509: 12504: 12489: 12409: 12099: 11932: 11720: 11573: 10943: 10897: 10407: 10262: 10006: 10001: 9916: 9801: 9776: 9731: 9686: 9521: 9501: 9446: 9381: 9351: 9276: 9266: 9132: 9097: 8952: 8894: 8854: 6123:

Syria and the French Mandate: The Politics of Arab Nationalism, 1920–1945

5664: 4789: 4367: 3865: 3722: 2608: 2572: 2421: 2356: 2148: 1791: 1485: 1346: 1298: 1199: 1174: 1142: 393: 42: 13190: 7629:"Antiquités Syriennes 53: Antiquités de la Nécropole d'Émèse (1 partie)" 7252: 4729: 2326:

importance was boosted again during the depression of the 1870s, as its

12792: 12769: 12389: 12184: 12109: 11568: 11230: 11205: 11088: 10753: 10748: 10613: 10267: 10237: 10051: 10011: 9996: 9981: 9826: 9766: 9656: 9651: 9576: 9541: 9431: 9336: 9246: 9231: 9196: 9167: 9162: 8992: 8977: 8899: 8864: 7652: 5998: 5794: 5752: 3997: 3678: 2767: 2755: 2536:, is to the southwest, lying some 125 kilometres (78 mi) south of 2336: 1931: 1904: 1884: 1818: 1617: 1589: 1473: 1451: 1415: 1338: 1220: 1114: 1941:

of Egypt, which was aiming to extend its rule into northern Syria and

13016: 12959: 12623: 12514: 12499: 12479: 12474: 12384: 12094: 12037: 11987: 11835: 11745: 11713: 11663: 11488: 11340: 11260: 11200: 11048: 10823: 10818: 10797: 10527: 10167: 10046: 10026: 9796: 9741: 9691: 9616: 9566: 9556: 9546: 9466: 9421: 9376: 9371: 9361: 9296: 9226: 9152: 9122: 9112: 9107: 9017: 8997: 8987: 8932: 8173: 8089:

Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia

6719:

Ottoman Population, 1830-1914, Demographic and Social Characteristics

5286: 4005: 3946: 3934: 3760: 3756: 3709: 2624: 2604: 2529: 2432:

who became the president of Syria from 1971 until his death in 2000.

2310: 2200: 2023: 1895: 1826: 1733: 1729: 1690: 1651: 1639: 1601: 1447: 1310:. Its owner was likely buried in the first half of the 1st century AD 1256: 1194: 893: 509: 12813: 3973: 3880: 3535: 2658: 112: 13137: 13063: 12898: 12774: 12764: 12754: 12728: 12677: 12641: 12529: 12524: 12519: 12394: 12194: 12149: 12129: 11825: 11819: 11760: 11725: 11648: 11053: 10938: 10703: 10638: 10557: 10512: 10507: 10242: 10212: 9971: 9966: 9956: 9946: 9926: 9841: 9816: 9771: 9716: 9696: 9681: 9666: 9636: 9626: 9601: 9526: 9496: 9486: 9461: 9406: 9356: 9326: 9321: 9271: 9206: 9177: 9072: 8884: 8844: 8696:

Demographic developments and population policies in Baʻathist Syria

7428:"Archaeological fieldwork at the Citadel of Homs, Syria: 1995–1999" 4184: 4159:. A second "luxury" bus station is located a little further north. 3842: 3817:

stuffed with ground lamb, cooked with lamb fat and various spices.

3744: 3578: 2763: 2616: 2588: 2580: 2548: 2521: 2447: 2196: 2099: 2069: 2036: 2000: 1974: 1888: 1872: 1621: 1578: 1516: 1508: 1469: 1350: 1146: 1087: 842: 823: 4496: 4113:

was established in 2005 near Homs, and is constructing one of its

1806:

hived the northern half of Jund Hims to form a separate district,

1747:

The Muslims transformed half of St. John's Church into the city's

13184: 13153: 13100: 13080: 12964: 12893: 12873: 12837: 12469: 12459: 12218: 12164: 12119: 11588: 11548: 11215: 11078: 11043: 10963: 10948: 10933: 10918: 10853: 10628: 10562: 10477: 10386: 10362: 9931: 9896: 9891: 9851: 9836: 9806: 9701: 9671: 9586: 9456: 9426: 9396: 9366: 9341: 9301: 9281: 9236: 9187: 9172: 9127: 9087: 9077: 9067: 9062: 9052: 9047: 8972: 8967: 8879: 8086:

Dumper, Michael; Stanley, Bruce E.; Abu-Lughod, Janet L. (2007).

7132:افتتاح مسرح دار الثقافة بحمص.. مشوح: نجهد للارتقاء بالفكر الثقافي 5968:حقيقة تيمورلنك العظيم تظهر في القرن الواحد والعشرين- الجزء الثاني 5587:

The War of the Three Gods: Romans, Persians and the Rise of Islam

4454:

Meaning a fertile land far from the water, scourge and pestilence

4394: 4354: 4211: 4199: 4176: 4168: 4160: 4144: 3915: 3893: 3868:

and chicken dishes. Restaurants and coffeehouses typically offer

3855: 3736: 3233: 2740: 2560: 2496: 2413: 2157: 2143: 2042: 1988: 1710: 1698: 1566: 1512: 1492: 1408: 1362: 1272: 1260: 1252: 1248: 1162: 1117:

of Syria, protecting it from invading forces. Excavations at the

975:

by its Arab inhabitants, many of whom settled there prior to the

963:, who inhabited the region prior to Roman influence in the area. 850: 559: 474: 379: 12806: 5656: 4268: 4256: 4032:

Culture House Theater in Homs was established in 1973. It hosts

2404:

from Damascus to Homs to be established in 1933, later known as

1755:) and Homs soon became a centre of Islamic piety since some 500 1724:

In 638, Heraclius sought help from the Christian Arab tribes in

1173:"Emesa" redirects here. For the genus of thread-legged bug, see 13176: 13165: 13159: 13094: 13069: 13050: 13039: 13003: 12974: 12969: 12938: 12923: 12822: 12784: 12404: 12354: 11925: 11790: 11603: 11463: 11023: 11003: 10992: 10908: 10598: 10446: 10292: 10257: 10021: 9976: 9886: 9861: 9856: 9846: 9811: 9781: 9631: 9591: 9571: 9481: 9451: 9216: 9137: 9117: 9082: 9042: 9037: 9012: 8962: 8947: 8942: 8904: 8839: 6449:رغم تهجير نصف سكانها.. ديموغرافيا حمص تحافظ على ثباتها حتى الآن 4779: 4719: 4607: 4389: 4376: 4282: 4180: 4164: 4156: 4148: 4140: 3889: 3869: 3851: 3813: 3803: 3729: 3718: 3682: 3674: 3670: 3594: 2628: 2552: 2537: 2456: 2388:. It was considered for some time to become the capital of the 2327: 2258: 2248: 2208: 2192: 2124: 2012: 1996: 1876: 1706: 1702: 1504: 1481: 1431: 1224: 1190: 926: 838: 712: 535: 514: 150: 8737: 4873:"11 Million Dollars for Reconstruction in Homs. – Syria Scope" 2563:

on the Mediterranean coast. Nearby towns and villages include

1817:

Despite repression by the Umayyads, Homs remained a center of

1295:, was the first of Rome's Arab clients on the desert fringes. 13131: 13123: 13058: 13033: 12928: 12908: 12883: 12759: 12718: 12494: 12379: 12359: 11468: 10778: 10733: 10728: 10095: 10016: 9986: 9506: 9476: 9411: 9311: 9241: 9211: 8889: 8874: 8849: 8817: 7285:. The International School of Choueifat. 2006. Archived from 4335: 3898: 3860: 3752: 3714: 3666: 3566: 2733: 2393: 2228: 2220: 2212: 2204: 2152: 2142:

Homs declined politically after falling to the Mamluks under

2008: 1868: 1861: 1686: 1500: 1130: 1126: 1061: 930: 846: 811: 746: 651: 636: 500: 348: 8743: 2435: 2392:. In Autumn 1925, the city joined Damascus and the southern 1414:

Under the Romans, Emesa began to show attributes of a Greek

1165:

battle ever fought, involving perhaps 5,000–6,000 chariots.

13088: 12903: 12339: 10958: 10808: 10142: 9736: 9007: 8957: 8859: 7566: 6633: 4999:

Images and Monuments of Near Eastern Dynasts, 100 BC—AD 100

4407: 4402: 4299: 4172: 3822: 3694: 3686: 3653: 2576: 2556: 2541: 2488:

district for three years, began to evacuate from the city.

2332: 2224: 2216: 2184: 2180: 1942: 1744:

invaded their homeland in an effort to counter their act.

1718: 1659: 1288: 805: 774: 768: 762: 8757: 6275:"Syria conflict: Rebels leave Homs under truce – BBC News" 3721:

company, and an automobile plant is under construction by

3540:

built. Photo: Daniel Demeter founder of Syria Photo Guide.

2747:), Bab al-Masdoud (Closed Door), and Bab Hud (The Gate of 1987:

was launched in 1096, and in 1098, the Crusaders captured

666: 600: 9256: 6747:. Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 2008. Archived from 5924: 5922: 5372: 5133:(in Arabic). Al-Sayih Library. p. 38. Archived from 4572: 4570: 3954: 3635:

immigrated to Homs and the surrounding villages. A small

2084: 1891:

invaded northern Syria and established Homs as his base.

1875:

came into control of it, but they were forced out by the

1799: 1592:

and was in Sasanian hands until near the end of the war.

30:"Hims" redirects here. For the telemedicine company, see 7927:

Carter, Terry; Dunston, Lara; Humphreys, Andrew (2004).

7004: 7002: 4645:

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language

4147:. It also has international bus connections to Lebanon, 1082:

but likely a corruption of the Arabic name according to

872:. It later became the capital of a kingdom ruled by the 8426:

D'Alexandre à Zénobie : Histoire du Levant antique

8085: 6213:

The fearful realities keeping the Assad regime in power

5800: 5161:

Topographie historique de la Syrie antique et médiévale

909:

resistance to the first Syrian governments. During the

7926: 5919: 5883: 4567: 3840:. For the local population, popular restaurants serve 3597:

in 1933, but relocated once more to Damascus in 1959.

2547:

Homs is located 162 kilometres (101 mi) north of

13258:

Populated places established in the 3rd millennium BC

8139:

Fahlbusch, Erwin; Bromiley, Geoffrey William (2008).

7954:

Carter, Terry; Dunston, Lara; Thomas, Amelia (2008).

6999: 5961: 5729:

Slaves on Horses: The Evolution of the Islamic Polity

5384: 5216:

The Seventh Crusade, 1244–1254: Sources and Documents

3832:

Homs has an array of restaurants, some specialise in

3789:

Although people in Homs eat the same foods common in

2451:

The Syrian civil war caused major destruction in Homs

2400:

against French rule. In 1932, the French moved their

2139:, also known as the "Third Battle of Homs," in 1299. 1960: 1385:, between 72 and the date of the construction of the 822:

and is located 162 kilometres (101 mi) north of

783: 771: 697: 689: 681: 672: 657: 642: 615: 606: 6306:(in Arabic). Homs City Council. 2008. Archived from 6227:. pp.35–36. 4 March 2012. Retrieved on 4 March 2012. 6119: 6040:

The Shiites of Lebanon under Ottoman Rule, 1516-1788

5907: 5895: 5812: 3872:

and are a common place for men to gather and smoke.

3811:

or "grilled kibbeh". It consists of two pancakes of

1774: 1717:

and the territory in between, including the town of

1541:

date back to the 6th century (not the ones pictured)

1033: 1013: 498: 7953: 7337:(in Arabic). SANA. 7 September 2008. Archived from 4079:Some of the oldest schools in Homs were founded by 2306:

General view of Homs at the end of the 19th century

1098:, 7.12, 21.6), although they never ruled the city. 765: 759: 669: 663: 654: 648: 639: 633: 603: 597: 8363: 8261: 8012: 7928: 5934: 5871: 2335:, and one British consul referred to Homs as the " 41:"Emesa" redirects here. For the insect genus, see 8138: 7778:Rome in the East: The Transformation of an Empire 5123: 4944:The Jews of Hungary: History, Culture, Psychology 4334:martyr Saint Elian, whose tomb is located in the 4163:operate from Karnak station with destinations to 1689:. Caliph Umar established Homs as the capital of 1168: 13234: 11435: 8142:The Encyclopedia of Christianity: Volume 5: Si-Z 8015:A History of the Modern Middle East: 2nd Edition 6794:. Homs Chamber of Commerce. 2005. Archived from 5127:History of Homs – Chapter One, 2300 BCE – 622 AD 3957:on "the fourth day" of the divine workweek (The 2559:, and 186 kilometres (116 mi) southeast of 2199:. In addition to weaving industries, there were 1595: 8540:History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey 8460:Asad of Syria: The Struggle for the Middle East 8456: 6477: 6475: 5545: 5543: 5541: 5034: 8329:Syria & Lebanon Handbook: The Travel Guide 7101:"موقع حمص – قريباً "حمص" ستكون بملعبين دوليين" 6916:Directorate-General of Antiquities and Museums 6351:(in Arabic). Homs City Council. Archived from 6298: 6296: 5952:Ibn Batuta quoted in le Strange, 1890, p. 357. 5781: 5779: 5663:Ibn Kathir, Abu al-Fiḍā ‘Imād Ad-Din Ismā‘īl. 4036:, poetry, instrumental and musical festivals. 2428:that were to follow. An important example was 12564: 10078: 8800: 7842: 7815:. University of Chicago, Dept. of Geography. 7311:. Al-Andalus University. 2008. Archived from 6918:(in Arabic). 13 December 2012. Archived from 6535:General Census of Population and Housing 2004 4940: 4832: 4830: 4361: 2770:where it is forbidden to build anything. The 2712: 2476:From May 2011 – May 2014, the city was under 1519:visited the city to pay thanks to the deity. 1377:in 70. Sohaemus had died in 73. According to 1283:where another marker, laid by Roman governor 990:was derived from that of the Aramean city of 913:, much of the city was devastated due to the 12578: 8457:Seale, Patrick; McConville, Maureen (1990). 7910:Ancient Syria: A Three Thousand Year History 7577:. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). p. 648. 7219:(in Arabic). 1 February 2014. Archived from 7189:"Homs City Council Organizational Structure" 7017: 6626:"Syria Arab Republic – Governorates profile" 6558:"CITY PROFILE HOMS: Multi Sector Assessment" 6552: 6550: 6491: 6489: 6487: 6472: 6456:(in Arabic). 31 January 2016. Archived from 5687: 5538: 5158: 4947:. Wayne State University Press. p. 24. 4421:Cities and towns during the Syrian Civil War 4008:Sports Club, which was founded in 1937. The 3949:at the great "Temple of the Sun" (currently 2634: 2424:, many of them taking part in the series of 2321:in Homs, was built in the early 20th century 1953:, who occupied Homs under the leadership of 1263:'s southwestern border was found in 1936 by 731: 186: 174: 162: 154: 8773:Drone footage revealing devastation of Homs 8503: 8232:Qadesh 1300 B.C, Clash of the Warrior Kings 8041:Historical Dictionary of Syria: 2nd Edition 7367: 7365: 6841: 6839: 6768: 6766: 6745:"Relations with Syria: The Greek community" 6618: 6293: 6126:. Princeton University Press. p. 138. 5992: 5990: 5855: 5853: 5851: 5849: 5847: 5776: 4467:) who dwelt in the region south of Apamea". 4281:The city itself is famous for its historic 3558:had an estimated 1,767,000 people in 2011. 2441:Polish Independent Carpathian Rifle Brigade 2080:La Fleur des histoires de la terre d'Orient 1810:, apparently as punishment. Ali's oratory ( 1476:served as the high priest at the Temple of 1078:" (literally meaning "the female camel" in 12571: 12557: 10085: 10071: 8807: 8793: 8746:– brief information about the city of Homs 8592: 8249: 7165:(in Arabic). E-Syria. 2007. Archived from 6503: 6501: 6327: 6325: 6198: 6196: 6194: 5845: 5843: 5841: 5839: 5837: 5835: 5833: 5831: 5829: 5827: 5499: 5497: 5495: 5082: 5080: 5078: 5076: 5074: 5072: 5070: 5068: 5066: 4827: 4483: 4478: 4111:Al-Andalus University for Medical Sciences 4000:titles. Al-Karamah was a runner-up in the 2805:Climate data for Homs (1952–2004 normals) 2719: 2705: 8010: 7843:Beattie, Andrew; Pepper, Timothy (2001). 7740: 7699: 7530:"پیمان خواهرخواندگی بین شهرهای حمص و یزد" 7139:(in Arabic). 27 June 2014. Archived from 6547: 6484: 5971:(in Arabic). دار نور البشير. p. 43. 5732:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 5628: 5626: 5624: 5493: 5491: 5489: 5487: 5485: 5483: 5481: 5479: 5477: 5475: 5466: 4840:. HomsOnline. 16 May 2008. Archived from 4535: 3639:community also still exists in the city. 3331:Source 2: Weather Atlas(sun-daylight-UV) 1259:(Arethusa) in the north. A marker at the 1060:The city was subsequently referred to as 892:in the 7th century and made capital of a 8692: 8325: 8209: 7581: 7362: 7034: 7032: 6836: 6763: 6235: 6233: 5987: 5928: 5889: 5806: 5584: 4741: 4739: 4547: 4345:is situated on one of the largest urban 4189: 4067: 4004:. The second sports club of the city is 3972: 3930:, attracting large numbers of pilgrims. 3879: 3780: 3699: 3646: 3631:in the early 20th century, about 20,000 3534: 2551:, 193 kilometres (120 mi) south of 2540:and 34 kilometres (21 mi) south of 2495: 2446: 2434: 2346: 2309: 2301: 2233: 2174:In 1516, Homs was incorporated into the 2098: 2068: 1887:, after the latter's Turkish rebel ally 1831: 1532: 1521: 1399: 1391: 1313: 1297: 12592:With correspondence to modern geography 8622: 8569: 8309:The Routledge Companion to the Crusades 8259: 8074:Cook's Handbook for Palestine and Syria 8037: 7808: 7741:Al-Dbiyat, Mohamed (5 September 2013). 7561: 7250: 7077:. Welt Fussball Archive. Archived from 7042:. Welt Fussball Archive. Archived from 6530: 6528: 6498: 6322: 6191: 5996: 5824: 5292: 5243: 5241: 5239: 5210: 5063: 4982: 4980: 4978: 4976: 4638: 4124: 3801:made with yogurt and garlic instead of 3660:After long periods of stagnation under 2231:and cattle moving north from Damascus. 2103:Mamluks being chased by archers at the 2049:provided military assistance for them. 1468:has hypothesized about a revocation by 1161:near Homs. It was possibly the largest 14: 13235: 12014: 11135: 8717:from the original on 23 September 2023 8680:from the original on 23 September 2023 8655: 8643:from the original on 23 September 2023 8580:from the original on 23 September 2023 8557:from the original on 23 September 2023 8524:from the original on 23 September 2023 8443:from the original on 23 September 2023 8419: 8406:from the original on 23 September 2023 8358: 8346:from the original on 23 September 2023 8196:from the original on 23 September 2023 8159:from the original on 23 September 2023 8119: 8106:from the original on 23 September 2023 8058:from the original on 23 September 2023 7997:from the original on 23 September 2023 7974:from the original on 23 September 2023 7894:from the original on 23 September 2023 7879: 7829:from the original on 23 September 2023 7795:from the original on 23 September 2023 7761:from the original on 23 September 2023 7728:from the original on 23 September 2023 7689: 7623: 7604: 7540:from the original on 16 September 2020 7440:School of Oriental and African Studies 6518: 6516: 6343: 6341: 6339: 6337: 6281:from the original on 20 September 2018 6140:from the original on 23 September 2023 6084: 6065:from the original on 23 September 2023 6036: 5975:from the original on 23 September 2023 5818: 5704:from the original on 23 September 2023 5693: 5662: 5621: 5566:from the original on 26 September 2022 5472: 5454: 5442: 5418: 5402: 5390: 5378: 5332: 5320: 5308: 5296: 5016:from the original on 23 September 2023 4802: 3941:era, people who worshiped the sun god 3651:Souk al-Harir, one of the many roofed 2555:, 47 kilometres (29 mi) south of 12552: 12013: 11901: 11689: 11422: 11134: 10111: 10066: 8788: 8287: 8228: 7907: 7029: 6820:. Cortas Winery. 2007. Archived from 6737: 6705:Fahlbusch and Bromiley, 2008, p. 282. 6349:"A Map of the divisions of Homs City" 6230: 6120:Philip Shukry Khoury (14 July 2014). 5913: 5901: 5722: 5716: 5353: 4995: 4961:from the original on 30 December 2019 4838:"Distance Between Main Syrian Cities" 4736: 4208:Bassel Al-Assad International Airport 2238:18th-century illustration of Homs by 1736:, and they mustered a large army and 1454:each promoted Emesa to the rank of a 1137:took place between the forces of the 740: 721: 8536: 8507:Labour in the medieval Islamic world 8385: 8306: 8070: 7986: 7774: 7584:Historic Cities of the Islamic World 7582:Bosworth, C. Edmund (2007). "Homs". 7536:(in Persian). Parsine. 28 May 2012. 7425: 7191:(in Arabic). Homs City Council. 2008 6969: 6687:from the original on 6 February 2011 6525: 6267: 5940: 5877: 5430: 5236: 5195: 4973: 4588:from the original on 21 January 2018 3807:. Homs is also home to a variety of 3785:Courtyard of Beit al-Agha restaurant 3739:industry, particularly in producing 2455:An oil pipeline between Tripoli and 1883:, who were briefly succeeded by the 1047: 1023: 27:City in western Syria, ancient Emesa 11902: 11690: 11423: 8250:Herbermann, Charles George (1913). 8172: 7694:dans la province romaine de Syrie". 7492:from the original on 15 August 2021 7259:. GPO for the Library of Congress. 6513: 6412:, World Meteorological Organization 6408:World Weather Information Service: 6334: 6005:. GPO for the Library of Congress. 5797:quoted in le Strange, 1890, p. 354. 5755:quoted in le Strange, 1890, p. 355. 5675:from the original on 9 October 2021 5635:quoted in le Strange, 1890, p. 356. 5051:from the original on 21 August 2021 4578:"Syria Top 20 Cities by Population" 4262:The New Clock Tower, Quwatli Square 3953:), celebrating the creation of the 1919:managed to control the city during 1764: 1043: 1003: 818:. It is 501 metres (1,644 ft) 732: 708: 488: 187: 175: 163: 155: 24: 12714:Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium 8485:"Caractères de l'histoire d'Émèse" 7335:"Directorate of Education in Homs" 6983:. KadmusArts. 2009. Archived from 6953:. KadmusArts. 2009. Archived from 6539:Syria Central Bureau of Statistics 6386:. HomsOnline. 2008. Archived from 5047:. Translated by Mary Wong-Sommer. 4815:from the original on 10 March 2009 4512:The neighbourhood was named after 4226:in the Syrian Desert to the east. 4109:opened a school outside the city. 3602:1914 Ottoman population statistics 1961:Saljuqid, Ayyubid, and Mamluk rule 982:Other sources claim that the name 127:Martyrs' Square with the Old Clock 25: 13269: 10112: 8731: 8482: 8254:. Universal Knowledge Foundation. 7716:. Société historique algérienne. 7488:(in Portuguese). Belo Horizonte. 7482:"Cidades Irmãs de Belo Horizonte" 7263:from the original on 13 June 2011 6951:"Desert Folk Festival in Palmyra" 6723:The University of Wisconsin Press 6507:Population Census Report (1981), 6009:from the original on 13 June 2011 5589:. Pen and Sword. pp. 42–43. 4620:from the original on 20 July 2022 4129: 4107:International School of Choueifat 2351:The Citadel behind a camp of the 1945:at the time. This precipitated a 1858:the Christian population revolted 1586:Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628 1577:'s head in a nearby cave in 452. 955:Most sources claim that the name 259:Show map of Eastern Mediterranean 12812: 12805: 11121: 11115: 10094: 8913: 8816: 8491:from the original on 9 July 2022 8179:A History of Palestine, 634–1099 8077:. Thos. Cook & Son. p. 7867:from the original on 8 July 2023 7673: 7522: 7504: 7474: 7419: 7410: 7401: 7392: 7383: 7374: 7353: 7327: 7301: 7275: 7244: 7235: 7203: 7181: 7155: 7123: 7093: 7067: 7058: 7011: 6943: 6934: 6902: 6893: 6884: 6875: 6866: 6857: 6848: 6810: 6784: 6775: 6728: 6708: 6699: 6665: 6656: 6592: 6440: 6415: 6402: 5697:The Emirate of Aleppo: 1004–1094 5095:Gibbon and Ockley, 1870, p. 177. 4401: 4388: 4375: 4267: 4255: 3850:and sell similar foods, such as 2784:hot-summer Mediterranean climate 2657: 1693:, a district of the province of 1396:Coin minted by Macrinus in Emesa 1239:were confirmed in their rule as 880:, it later gained importance in 755: 629: 593: 448:104 km (40 sq mi) 341: 275: 268: 242: 235: 209: 202: 111: 104: 93: 82: 8629:. University Press of Florida. 7682: 6644:from the original on 5 May 2018 6522:PUN Demographic Yearbook (1999) 6376: 6367: 6242: 6205: 6161: 6152: 6113: 6104: 6078: 6030: 6021: 5955: 5946: 5862: 5788: 5767: 5758: 5746: 5647: 5638: 5612: 5603: 5578: 5552: 5529: 5506: 5460: 5436: 5424: 5412: 5363: 5338: 5326: 5314: 5302: 5277: 5268: 5259: 5250: 5204: 5189: 5152: 5117: 5098: 5089: 5028: 4989: 4934: 4925: 4895: 4865: 4856: 4796: 4767: 4506: 4470: 4457: 4234:, named after former president 3338: 2471: 2363: 2163: 2073:Mamluks chasing archers at the 1569:, Homs was given the status of 1557:was well established under the 1247:in the west to the border with 1106:For a chronological guide, see 440:76 km (29 sq mi) 432:48 km (19 sq mi) 53:City in Homs Governorate, Syria 8623:Talhami, Ghada Hashem (2001). 8543:. Cambridge University Press. 8465:University of California Press 8214:. Cambridge University Press. 8182:. Cambridge University Press. 8145:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. 8011:Cleveland, William L. (2000). 7744:Homs et Hama en Syrie centrale 7514:. 2 April 2015. Archived from 6043:. Cambridge University Press. 5344:Schlumberger 1939, pp. 43, 66. 4752:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary 4696: 4660: 4632: 4600: 4541: 4529: 4448: 4274:The Old Clock, Martyrs' Square 4216:Damascus International Airport 4175:in northern Syria, as well as 1438:50.15.1.4) and another one of 1422:(138–161) when Emesa began to 1169:Emesene dynasty and Roman rule 13: 1: 7993:(in French). Dar el-Machreq. 4996:Kropp, Andreas J. M. (2013). 4648:(5th ed.). HarperCollins 4523: 4039: 3717:refinery is being built by a 3593:was transferred to Homs from 2788:Köppen climate classification 2342: 2047:Raymond III, Count of Tripoli 1632:Muslim conquest of the Levant 1596:Arab caliphates and dynasties 925:The city's modern name is an 841:to the north and the capital 8656:Wright, Clifford A. (2003). 8370:. Harvard University Press. 8038:Commins, David Dean (2004). 7163:"Electronic Portal of Syria" 6509:Central Bureau of Statistics 4310:Other landmarks include the 4246: 4220:Aleppo International Airport 4089:Al Ghassania Orthodox School 4063: 3909: 3552:Central Bureau of Statistics 2491: 2410:Special Troops of the Levant 2203:presses and water mills for 1697:, encompassing the towns of 1034: 920: 806: 276: 256:Homs (Eastern Mediterranean) 243: 210: 7: 13213:UNESCO World Heritage Sites 12660:Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa 8740:– official website for Homs 8332:. Footprint Travel Guides. 8288:Lewis, Kevin James (2017). 7912:. Oxford University Press. 7809:Baylson, Joshua C. (1987). 7407:Mannheim, 2001, p. 205–206. 6977:"Al Badya Fesival [ 5002:. Oxford University Press. 4811:. Robert Appleton Company. 4414: 4194:The railway station of Homs 4085:National Evangelical School 4044:Homs is the capital of the 4027: 4010:Khaled ibn al-Walid Stadium 3979:Khaled Ibn Al Walid Stadium 3763:. Homs has several hotels; 3583:Eastern Orthodox Christians 3547:Eastern Orthodox Christians 3138:Average precipitation days 2994:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2854:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 2734:alternating black-and-white 2418:Troupes Speciales du Levant 2396:chieftains in a full-blown 2137:Battle of Wadi al-Khaznadar 2062:. In 1225, Arab geographer 1825:. The last Umayyad caliph, 1794:, the conflict between the 1787:, are located in the city. 1775: 1306:found in the necropolis of 1271:, dating from the reign of 1057:and the encircling plains. 1014: 717: 499: 139:Khalid ibn al-Walid Stadium 10: 13274: 13220:Legacy of the Roman Empire 8626:Syria and the Palestinians 8601:Palestine Exploration Fund 8504:Shatzmiller, Maya (1994). 8210:Hamilton, Bernard (2000). 8019:. Westview Press. p. 7888:Palestine Exploration Fund 7700:Albertini, Eugène (1934). 7690:Abdulkarim, Maamoun. "Les 7555: 7486:portalbelohorizonte.com.br 7283:"History and Achievements" 6573:. May 2014. Archived from 5198:Histoire des Croisades III 5124:Khoury Issa Ahmed (1983). 4673:Collins English Dictionary 4362:Twin towns – sister cities 4316:Khalid ibn al-Walid Mosque 3875: 3776: 3771: 3642: 3330: 3325: 2804: 2777: 2638: 2315:Khalid ibn al-Walid Mosque 2167: 1964: 1894:In 891, Muslim geographer 1599: 1179: 1172: 1105: 1101: 1062: 795: 456:501 m (1,644 ft) 131:Khalid ibn al-Walid Mosque 40: 29: 13208: 13175: 13122: 13079: 13049: 13002: 12993: 12952: 12861: 12830: 12821: 12803: 12783: 12745: 12727: 12704: 12686: 12668: 12650: 12632: 12604: 12597: 12590: 12428: 12323: 12260:al-Mashrafah al-Sharqiyah 12225:Ayn al-Tineh al-Sharqiyah 12208: 12065:Ayn al-Tineh al-Gharbiyah 12026: 12022: 12009: 11956: 11914: 11910: 11897: 11809: 11702: 11698: 11685: 11431: 11418: 11289: 11147: 11143: 11130: 11113: 10982: 10887: 10862: 10787: 10762: 10712: 10682: 10486: 10436: 10376: 10306: 10124: 10120: 10107: 9186: 8922: 8911: 8829: 8823:Cities and towns of Syria 8537:Shaw, Ezel Kural (1977). 8268:. Da Capo Press. p. 7935:. Lonely Planet. p. 7398:Carter, 2008, pp. 156–57. 6899:Carter, 2004, pp. 158–59. 6541:(CBS). Homs Governorate. 6481:Shatzmiller, 1994, p. 59. 6249:Capital of the Revolution 5868:le Strange, 1890, p. 354. 5785:le Strange, 1890, p. 353. 5700:. Aleppo: Dar al-Amanah. 5535:Herbermann, 1913, p. 403. 5369:Schlumberger 1939, p. 64. 5110:23 September 2023 at the 4048:, and the capital of the 4002:2006 AFC Champions League 3968: 3904:Shoukri al-Quwatly Street 3848:Shoukri al-Quwatly Street 3829:("okra with olive oil"). 3394: 3386: 3381: 3373: 3368: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3347: 3278: 3231: 3184: 3137: 3063: 2993: 2923: 2853: 2848: 2845: 2842: 2839: 2836: 2833: 2830: 2827: 2824: 2821: 2818: 2815: 2812: 2809: 2656: 2635:Old City and subdivisions 2534:huge dam of Roman origins 1991:to the northwest, looted 1683:captured Emesa peacefully 1571:ecclesiastical metropolis 1537:Some frescoes inside the 568: 558: 546: 525: 508: 480: 473: 465: 460: 452: 444: 436: 428: 423: 415: 404: 399: 388: 378: 366: 354: 336: 301: 196: 146: 75: 68: 58: 11484:al-Buwaydah al-Sharqiyah 8758:Executive Branch of Homs 8664:The Harvard Common Press 8593:le Strange, Guy (1890). 7846:The Rough Guide to Syria 7448:10.1179/lev.2002.34.1.39 7251:Collelo, Thomas (1987). 7211: 7131: 7040:"Al-Karamah Sports Club" 7025:(in Arabic). Dār Raslān. 7022: 6981:] (Badyet Al-Chaam)" 6910: 6448: 6254:17 December 2011 at the 6158:Cleveland, 2000, p. 215. 6049:10.1017/CBO9780511676413 5999:"Syria – Ottoman Empire" 5997:Collelo, Thomas (1987). 5644:le Strange, 1890, p. 25. 5585:Crawford, Peter (2013). 5035:Michaela Konrad (2017). 4441: 4431:List of people from Homs 2593:al-Buwaydah al-Sharqiyah 2516:located to the west and 2187:weaving, especially the 1798:and their partisans and 1215:. However, according to 977:Muslim conquest of Syria 890:conquered by the Muslims 810:), is a city in western 745:), known in pre-Islamic 13215:; Proposed; in Danger 13009:Palestinian territories 11397:Umm Tuwaynah al-Shamali 11356:Mushayrifah al-Qibliyah 11221:al-Mukharram al-Tahtani 11159:Al-Mukharram al-Fawqani 8326:Mannheim, Ivan (2001). 7886:. The Committee of the 7880:Besant, Walter (1881). 7645:10.3406/syria.1952.4788 7609:. Pen and Sword Books. 7605:Romane, Julian (2015). 7574:Encyclopædia Britannica 7426:King, Geoffrey (2002). 7359:Mannheim, 2001, p. 204. 6940:Mannheim, 2001, p. 209. 6037:Winter, Stefan (2010). 5694:Zakkar, Suhayl (1971). 5665:"Al Bidayah wa Nihayah" 5618:Mannheim, 2001, p. 205. 4803:Vailhé, Siméon (1909). 4786:Oxford University Press 4726:Oxford University Press 4613:Syrian Arab News Agency 4582:World Population Review 4476:Inscription reproduced: 4426:List of cities in Syria 4312:Great Mosque of al-Nuri 4072:Faculty of Medicine in 4014:Bassel al-Assad Stadium 2692:Great Mosque of al-Nuri 2384:, Homs was part of the 2227:coming from Aleppo met 1838:Great Mosque of al-Nuri 1753:Great Mosque of al-Nuri 1588:, Emesa fell in 613 to 1573:after the discovery of 1383:Roman province of Syria 1229:Seleucid state of Syria 814:and the capital of the 12755:Aelia Augusta Aeclanum 11624:Samaqiyat al-Sharqiyah 11619:Samaqiyat al-Gharbiyah 11271:Umm al-Sarj al-Shamali 11094:al-Taybah al-Gharbiyah 10518:al-Dahiyah al-Umaliyah 9612:Khirbet al-Tin Mahmoud 9058:al-Mukharram al-Foqani 8693:Winckler, Onn (1998). 8260:Kennedy, Hugh (2007). 8120:Edwell, Peter (2008). 7908:Bryce, Trevor (2014). 7775:Ball, Warwick (2000). 7389:Beattie, 2001, p. 207. 7257:Syria: A Country Study 7241:Beattie, 2000, p. 150. 7008:Beattie, 2001, p. 208. 6781:Commins, 2004, p. 136. 6734:Toynbee, 1916, p. 550. 6495:Winckler, 1998, p. 72. 6202:Commins, 2004, p. 130. 6003:Syria: A Country Study 5764:Gil, 1997, pp. 296–97. 5523:22 August 2007 at the 4986:Ball, 2000, pp. 34–35. 4941:Raphael Patai (2015). 4877:www.en.syria-scope.com 4204:Chemins de Fer Syriens 4195: 4076: 3981: 3885: 3786: 3705: 3657: 3577:), with minorities of 3541: 2514:Coastal Mountain Range 2501: 2464:(IAF) during the 1973 2452: 2444: 2360: 2353:Australian Light Horse 2322: 2307: 2243: 2116: 2096: 1840: 1783:, and the son of Umar 1757:companions of Muhammad 1542: 1530: 1411: 1397: 1345:between the rebelling 1326: 1311: 1269:Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi 1251:in the east, and from 34:. For other uses, see 32:Hims & Hers Health 11539:Hawsh Murshid Sama'an 11171:Abu Hakfah al-Shamali 10203:Judaydat al-Sharqiyah 8701:Sussex Academic Press 8429:(in French). Fayard. 8386:Room, Adrian (2006). 8235:. Osprey Publishing. 8071:Cook, Thomas (1907). 7987:Chad, Carlos (1972). 7747:. Presses de l’Ifpo. 7563:Hogarth, David George 7416:Beattie, 2001, p. 53. 7380:Carter, 2008, p. 156. 7371:Carter, 2004, p. 159. 7018:George Kadar (2009). 6890:Wright, 2003, p. 182. 6881:Wright, 2003, p. 223. 6872:Wright, 2003, p. 427. 6845:Carter, 2004, p. 158. 6772:Dumper, 2007, p. 174. 6677:Britannica.com Online 6662:Baylson, 1987, p. 27. 6423:"The climate of Homs" 6373:Carter, 2008, p. 157. 6331:Carter, 2004, p. 157. 5963:Mohammad Amin Sheikho 5859:Dumper, 2007, p. 173. 5653:Kennedy, 2007, p. 86. 5549:Carter, 2008, p. 155. 5503:Dumper, 2007, p. 172. 5159:René Dussaud (1927). 5086:Dumper, 2007, p. 171. 4809:Catholic Encyclopedia 4782:UK English Dictionary 4722:UK English Dictionary 4708:19 April 2019 at the 4330:, built in honour of 4328:Church of Saint Elian 4193: 4134:Homs is considered a 4071: 3976: 3928:Church of Saint Elian 3883: 3836:, while others serve 3784: 3703: 3650: 3538: 2623:to the northeast and 2499: 2450: 2439:The Homs camp of the 2438: 2406:Homs Military Academy 2355:on 19 November 1918 ( 2350: 2313: 2305: 2240:Louis-François Cassas 2237: 2133:Second Battle of Homs 2102: 2072: 1965:Further information: 1835: 1644:Qays and Yaman tribes 1600:Further information: 1539:Church of Saint Elian 1536: 1525: 1403: 1395: 1387:Tomb of Sampsigeramus 1320:Tomb of Sampsigeramus 1317: 1301: 1227:'s submission of the 1182:Royal family of Emesa 527: • Summer ( 321:34.73083°N 36.70944°E 36:Homs (disambiguation) 11504:Daminah al-Gharbiyah 11499:Daminah al-Sharqiyah 11266:Umm al-Sarj al-Qibli 11166:Abu Hakfah al-Janubi 9942:al-Surah al-Saghirah 8763:13 June 2017 at the 8307:Lock, Peter (2006). 8229:Healy, Mark (1993). 7990:Les Dynastes d'Émèse 7607:Byzantium Triumphant 7518:on 27 December 2016. 7462:on 15 September 2012 7169:on 22 September 2010 7064:Carter, 2004, p. 67. 6863:Wright, 2003, p. 63. 6854:Carter, 2008, p. 158 6239:Seale, 2007, p. 210. 6218:15 June 2012 at the 5609:Kennedy, 2007, p. 74 5140:on 10 September 2017 4732:on 15 February 2020. 4125:Local infrastructure 4115:University Hospitals 4094:Homs is home to the 3984:Homs is home to two 2374:5th Cavalry Division 2319:Ottoman architecture 2292:Muhammad Ali's Egypt 2191:, which was mottled 2129:First Battle of Homs 1949:reaction led by the 1921:his Syrian campaigns 1913:Nikephoros II Phokas 1836:The interior of the 1664:Battle of the Yarmuk 1563:Eastern Christianity 1207:who established the 411:Namir Habib Makhlouf 13253:Tells (archaeology) 12270:Khirbet al-Manqalah 11544:Hawsh al-Sayyid Ali 11321:Duwayr al-Sharqiyah 11316:Duwayr al-Gharbiyah 10553:Khirbet Tin Mahmoud 9787:Rasm Harmil al-Imam 8599:. Committee of the 8366:The Roman Near East 8044:. Scarecrow Press. 7957:Syria & Lebanon 7931:Syria & Lebanon 7253:"Syria – Education" 7046:on 16 February 2010 6606:on 21 February 2016 6580:on 28 December 2018 6355:on 13 December 2005 6277:. 9 December 2015. 6264:. 15 December 2011. 6169:"Military Training" 6027:Talhami, 2001, p. 2 5381:, pp. 189–190. 5247:Cook, 1907, p. 362. 4931:Room, 2006, p. 167. 4792:on 29 January 2020. 4514:Ikrima ibn Abi Jahl 4324:Um al-Zennar Church 4096:Al-Baath University 4083:missionaries, the " 4074:Al-Baath University 3749:Krak des Chevaliers 3743:, nectar wine, and 3591:Syriac Patriarchate 2924:Daily mean °C (°F) 2506:Governorate of Homs 2105:Homs Battle of 1299 2075:Homs Battle of 1281 2033:Asad ad-Din Shirkuh 2019:captured the city. 1862:additional taxation 1679:Khalid ibn al-Walid 1668:Jordan–Syria border 1638:, particularly the 1349:and the pro-Caesar 1265:Daniel Schlumberger 1213:Alexander the Great 994:, a combination of 937:, derived from the 929:form of the city's 863:World Heritage Site 859:Krak des Chevaliers 317: / 137: • 135:Al-Baath University 133: • 129: • 124:Homs city landmarks 13036:: Emmaus Nicopolis 13019:: Aelia Capitolina 12831:Of legion veterans 12688:Gallia Narbonensis 12670:Gallia Lugdunensis 12634:Britannia Inferior 12606:Britannia Superior 12016:Talkalakh District 11654:Tell al-Nabi Mando 11196:Buwaydat Salamiyah 11191:Buwaydat Rihaniyah 11137:Mukharram District 10333:Ayn Husayn Shamali 8318:9-78-0-415-39312-6 7223:on 4 December 2017 7143:on 7 November 2017 7111:on 16 January 2019 6922:on 4 December 2017 6460:on 15 October 2019 5773:Gil, 1997, p. 343. 5283:Healy, 1993, p. 39 5274:Healy, 1993, p. 22 5220:Ashgate Publishing 4913:on 9 November 2018 4883:on 3 December 2017 4222:to the north, and 4202:station, with two 4196: 4183:in Lebanon. Newer 4136:transportation hub 4077: 3996:titles, and eight 3982: 3959:Creation narrative 3886: 3858:, various salads ( 3787: 3706: 3658: 3542: 2603:to the northwest, 2595:to the southwest, 2567:to the southeast, 2520:, overlooking the 2502: 2453: 2445: 2361: 2323: 2308: 2256:, attached to the 2244: 2117: 2107:(same manuscript, 2097: 2022:Muslim geographer 1993:Ma'arrat al-Nu'man 1955:Aq Sunqur al-Hajib 1856:, in October 855, 1841: 1823:Qays–Yaman rivalry 1656:Rashidun Caliphate 1606:Rashidun Caliphate 1543: 1531: 1412: 1398: 1375:siege of Jerusalem 1327: 1312: 1211:upon the death of 1205:Seleucus I Nicator 1186:Elagabalus (deity) 1038:; "fortress") and 552:Country code: 963 445: • Metro 437: • Urban 416: • Mayor 326:34.73083; 36.70944 147:Nickname(s): 13228: 13227: 13204: 13203: 13200: 13199: 13029:Caesarea Maritima 12953:Possible colonies 12843:Caesarea Maritima 12801: 12800: 12760:Castra Taurinorum 12706:Germania Inferior 12546: 12545: 12542: 12541: 12538: 12537: 12005: 12004: 12001: 12000: 11893: 11892: 11889: 11888: 11681: 11680: 11677: 11676: 11669:Zita al-Gharbiyah 11414: 11413: 11410: 11409: 11111: 11110: 11107: 11106: 10974:Zaafarinah Gharbi 10328:Ayn Husayn Gharbi 10158:al-Dar al-Kabirah 10060: 10059: 9402:al-Hajar al-Aswad 8781:, 2 February 2016 8710:978-1-902210-16-2 8614:978-0-404-56288-5 8299:978-1-4724-5890-2 8279:978-0-306-81585-0 8221:978-0-521-64187-6 8189:978-0-521-59984-9 8152:978-0-8028-2417-2 8131:978-1-134-09573-5 8099:978-1-57607-919-5 8030:978-0-8133-3489-9 7967:978-1-74104-609-0 7960:. Lonely Planet. 7919:978-0-19-100292-2 7588:Koninklijke Brill 7341:on 25 August 2008 6987:on 6 January 2009 6957:on 6 January 2009 6110:Shaw, 1977, p. 33 6096:978-90-04-37902-2 5469:, pp. 24–26. 5229:978-0-7546-5722-4 4755:. Merriam-Webster 4236:Shukri al-Quwatli 4198:Homs has a large 4103:German University 3809:kibbeh mishwiyyeh 3791:Levantine cuisine 3629:Armenian genocide 3600:According to the 3533: 3532: 3399: 3398: 3335: 3334: 3281:ultraviolet index 2729: 2728: 2601:al-Dar al-Kabirah 2532:, impounded by a 2462:Israeli Air Force 2390:Syrian Federation 2386:State of Damascus 2029:County of Tripoli 1939:Fatimid Caliphate 1845:Abbasid Caliphate 1773: 1726:Upper Mesopotamia 1709:along the coast, 1614:Abbasid Caliphate 1610:Umayyad Caliphate 1428:Septimius Severus 1409:Uranius Antoninus 1291:. The kingdom of 1133:. In 1274 BCE, a 1129:mentioned in the 1032: 1012: 967:was shortened to 826:. Located on the 804: 580: 579: 497: 466: • City 429: • City 419:Abdullah Al-Bawab 226:Show map of Syria 223:Location in Syria 16:(Redirected from 13265: 13000: 12999: 12980:Emmaus Nicopolis 12848:Aelia Capitolina 12828: 12827: 12816: 12809: 12602: 12601: 12573: 12566: 12559: 12550: 12549: 12125:Khirbet al-Jabab 12024: 12023: 12011: 12010: 11912: 11911: 11899: 11898: 11700: 11699: 11687: 11686: 11433: 11432: 11420: 11419: 11145: 11144: 11132: 11131: 11125: 11119: 10548:Khirbet al-Sawda 10538:Khirbet al-Hamam 10198:Judaydat al-Assi 10122: 10121: 10109: 10108: 10101:Homs Governorate 10099: 10098: 10087: 10080: 10073: 10064: 10063: 9907:al-Shaykh Maskin 9607:Khirbet Ghazaleh 9437:Harran al-Awamid 9028:Maarat al-Numaan 9023:Jisr ash-Shughur 8917: 8821: 8820: 8809: 8802: 8795: 8786: 8785: 8769: 8754: 8726: 8724: 8722: 8689: 8687: 8685: 8652: 8650: 8648: 8618: 8589: 8587: 8585: 8570:Strabon (1819). 8566: 8564: 8562: 8533: 8531: 8529: 8500: 8498: 8496: 8478: 8452: 8450: 8448: 8415: 8413: 8411: 8381: 8369: 8355: 8353: 8351: 8322: 8303: 8283: 8267: 8255: 8246: 8225: 8205: 8203: 8201: 8168: 8166: 8164: 8135: 8115: 8113: 8111: 8082: 8067: 8065: 8063: 8034: 8018: 8006: 8004: 8002: 7983: 7981: 7979: 7950: 7934: 7923: 7903: 7901: 7899: 7876: 7874: 7872: 7838: 7836: 7834: 7804: 7802: 7800: 7770: 7768: 7766: 7737: 7735: 7733: 7695: 7678: 7677: 7671: 7668: 7666: 7664: 7655:. Archived from 7639:(3–4): 204–250. 7620: 7601: 7578: 7570: 7550: 7549: 7547: 7545: 7526: 7520: 7519: 7508: 7502: 7501: 7499: 7497: 7478: 7472: 7471: 7469: 7467: 7458:. Archived from 7423: 7417: 7414: 7408: 7405: 7399: 7396: 7390: 7387: 7381: 7378: 7372: 7369: 7360: 7357: 7351: 7350: 7348: 7346: 7331: 7325: 7324: 7322: 7320: 7315:on 12 April 2009 7305: 7299: 7298: 7296: 7294: 7279: 7273: 7272: 7270: 7268: 7248: 7242: 7239: 7233: 7232: 7230: 7228: 7207: 7201: 7200: 7198: 7196: 7185: 7179: 7178: 7176: 7174: 7159: 7153: 7152: 7150: 7148: 7127: 7121: 7120: 7118: 7116: 7107:. Archived from 7097: 7091: 7090: 7088: 7086: 7081:on 17 March 2012 7071: 7065: 7062: 7056: 7055: 7053: 7051: 7036: 7027: 7026: 7015: 7009: 7006: 6997: 6996: 6994: 6992: 6973: 6967: 6966: 6964: 6962: 6947: 6941: 6938: 6932: 6931: 6929: 6927: 6906: 6900: 6897: 6891: 6888: 6882: 6879: 6873: 6870: 6864: 6861: 6855: 6852: 6846: 6843: 6834: 6833: 6831: 6829: 6814: 6808: 6807: 6805: 6803: 6788: 6782: 6779: 6773: 6770: 6761: 6760: 6758: 6756: 6741: 6735: 6732: 6726: 6712: 6706: 6703: 6697: 6696: 6694: 6692: 6669: 6663: 6660: 6654: 6653: 6651: 6649: 6643: 6630: 6622: 6616: 6615: 6613: 6611: 6602:. Archived from 6600:"Daniel Demeter" 6596: 6590: 6589: 6587: 6585: 6579: 6562: 6554: 6545: 6544: 6532: 6523: 6520: 6511: 6505: 6496: 6493: 6482: 6479: 6470: 6469: 6467: 6465: 6444: 6438: 6437: 6435: 6433: 6419: 6413: 6406: 6400: 6399: 6397: 6395: 6380: 6374: 6371: 6365: 6364: 6362: 6360: 6345: 6332: 6329: 6320: 6319: 6317: 6315: 6300: 6291: 6290: 6288: 6286: 6271: 6265: 6246: 6240: 6237: 6228: 6209: 6203: 6200: 6189: 6188: 6186: 6184: 6175:. Archived from 6165: 6159: 6156: 6150: 6149: 6147: 6145: 6117: 6111: 6108: 6102: 6100: 6082: 6076: 6074: 6072: 6070: 6034: 6028: 6025: 6019: 6018: 6016: 6014: 5994: 5985: 5984: 5982: 5980: 5959: 5953: 5950: 5944: 5938: 5932: 5926: 5917: 5911: 5905: 5899: 5893: 5887: 5881: 5875: 5869: 5866: 5860: 5857: 5822: 5816: 5810: 5804: 5798: 5792: 5786: 5783: 5774: 5771: 5765: 5762: 5756: 5750: 5744: 5743: 5720: 5714: 5713: 5711: 5709: 5691: 5685: 5684: 5682: 5680: 5660: 5654: 5651: 5645: 5642: 5636: 5630: 5619: 5616: 5610: 5607: 5601: 5600: 5582: 5576: 5575: 5573: 5571: 5556: 5550: 5547: 5536: 5533: 5527: 5510: 5504: 5501: 5470: 5464: 5458: 5452: 5446: 5440: 5434: 5428: 5422: 5416: 5410: 5400: 5394: 5388: 5382: 5376: 5370: 5367: 5361: 5351: 5345: 5342: 5336: 5330: 5324: 5318: 5312: 5306: 5300: 5290: 5284: 5281: 5275: 5272: 5266: 5263: 5257: 5254: 5248: 5245: 5234: 5233: 5208: 5202: 5201: 5196:Grousset, René. 5193: 5187: 5186: 5180: 5156: 5150: 5149: 5147: 5145: 5139: 5132: 5121: 5115: 5102: 5096: 5093: 5087: 5084: 5061: 5060: 5058: 5056: 5032: 5026: 5025: 5023: 5021: 4993: 4987: 4984: 4971: 4970: 4968: 4966: 4938: 4932: 4929: 4923: 4922: 4920: 4918: 4909:. Archived from 4899: 4893: 4892: 4890: 4888: 4879:. Archived from 4869: 4863: 4860: 4854: 4853: 4851: 4849: 4834: 4825: 4824: 4822: 4820: 4800: 4794: 4793: 4788:. Archived from 4771: 4765: 4764: 4762: 4760: 4743: 4734: 4733: 4728:. Archived from 4700: 4694: 4693: 4691: 4689: 4684:on 19 April 2019 4680:. Archived from 4664: 4658: 4657: 4655: 4653: 4636: 4630: 4629: 4627: 4625: 4616:. 20 July 2022. 4604: 4598: 4597: 4595: 4593: 4574: 4565: 4564: 4562: 4560: 4545: 4539: 4533: 4517: 4510: 4504: 4474: 4468: 4461: 4455: 4452: 4436:Timeline of Homs 4406: 4405: 4393: 4392: 4380: 4379: 4351:Early Bronze Age 4271: 4259: 4087:" in 1855, and " 4050:Homs Governorate 4022:Jehad Al Hussain 3556:Homs Governorate 3430:1860s (estimate) 3403: 3402: 3345: 3344: 3141: 2802: 2801: 2772:Baath University 2721: 2714: 2707: 2661: 2645: 2644: 2402:military academy 2317:, an example of 2262:("province") of 2252:("district") of 1979:Mamluk Sultanate 1971:Seljuk Sultanate 1917:John I Tzimiskes 1778: 1768: 1766: 1636:tribes of Arabia 1626:Mirdasid dynasty 1575:John the Baptist 1559:Byzantine Empire 1466:Eugène Albertini 1337:in his siege of 1255:in the south to 1108:Timeline of Homs 1065: 1064: 1049: 1045: 1037: 1027: 1025: 1017: 1007: 1005: 911:Syrian civil war 835:Syrian Civil War 816:Homs Governorate 809: 799: 797: 786: 781: 780: 777: 776: 773: 770: 767: 764: 761: 744: 735: 734: 728:Levantine Arabic 725: 720: 710: 700: 692: 684: 679: 678: 675: 674: 671: 668: 665: 660: 659: 656: 653: 650: 645: 644: 641: 638: 635: 628: 618: 613: 612: 609: 608: 605: 602: 599: 592: 532: 504: 492: 490: 482: 384:Homs Subdistrict 361:Homs Governorate 347: 345: 344: 332: 331: 329: 328: 327: 322: 318: 315: 314: 313: 310: 293: 292:Show map of Asia 279: 278: 272: 260: 246: 245: 239: 227: 213: 212: 206: 190: 189: 178: 177: 176:مدينة ابن الوليد 166: 165: 158: 157: 115: 108: 97: 86: 56: 55: 21: 13273: 13272: 13268: 13267: 13266: 13264: 13263: 13262: 13248:Emesene dynasty 13233: 13232: 13229: 13224: 13196: 13171: 13162:: Philippopolis 13118: 13091:: Arca Caesarea 13075: 13045: 13007: 12995: 12989: 12948: 12857: 12817: 12811: 12810: 12797: 12779: 12741: 12737:Augusta Emerita 12723: 12700: 12682: 12664: 12646: 12628: 12593: 12586: 12577: 12547: 12534: 12430: 12424: 12325: 12319: 12210: 12204: 12028: 12018: 11997: 11958: 11952: 11916: 11906: 11904:Tadmur District 11885: 11881:al-Zaafaraniyah 11811: 11805: 11704: 11694: 11692:Rastan District 11673: 11564:Jusiyah al-Amar 11494:Dahiyat al-Majd 11437: 11427: 11425:Qusayr District 11406: 11331:Maksar al-Hisan 11311:Aliyat al-Alyan 11291: 11285: 11149: 11139: 11126: 11120: 11103: 11014:Ghawr Gharbiyah 10999:Karad Dayasinah 10984: 10978: 10889: 10883: 10864: 10858: 10789: 10783: 10764: 10758: 10714: 10708: 10684: 10678: 10580:(Khirbet Sawda) 10497:Khirbet Tin Nur 10488: 10487:Khirbet Tin Nur 10482: 10438: 10432: 10393:Fatim al-Arnouk 10378: 10372: 10308: 10302: 10126: 10116: 10103: 10093: 10091: 10061: 10056: 9912:Shayukh Tahtani 9902:Shaykh al-Hadid 9752:Qalaat al-Madiq 9622:Ma'arrat Misrin 9597:Kuwayris Sharqi 9182: 9148:al-Suqaylabiyah 9143:ash-Shaykh Badr 8918: 8909: 8825: 8815: 8813: 8778:The Independent 8767: 8765:Wayback Machine 8752: 8734: 8729: 8720: 8718: 8711: 8683: 8681: 8674: 8646: 8644: 8637: 8615: 8583: 8581: 8576:. Vol. 5. 8560: 8558: 8551: 8527: 8525: 8518: 8494: 8492: 8483:Seyrig, Henri. 8475: 8446: 8444: 8437: 8421:Sartre, Maurice 8409: 8407: 8400: 8378: 8349: 8347: 8340: 8319: 8300: 8280: 8243: 8222: 8199: 8197: 8190: 8162: 8160: 8153: 8132: 8109: 8107: 8100: 8061: 8059: 8052: 8031: 8000: 7998: 7977: 7975: 7968: 7947: 7920: 7897: 7895: 7870: 7868: 7861: 7832: 7830: 7823: 7798: 7796: 7789: 7764: 7762: 7755: 7731: 7729: 7710:Revue Africaine 7685: 7672: 7669: 7662: 7660: 7617: 7598: 7558: 7553: 7543: 7541: 7528: 7527: 7523: 7512:"Humus Kayseri" 7510: 7509: 7505: 7495: 7493: 7480: 7479: 7475: 7465: 7463: 7424: 7420: 7415: 7411: 7406: 7402: 7397: 7393: 7388: 7384: 7379: 7375: 7370: 7363: 7358: 7354: 7344: 7342: 7333: 7332: 7328: 7318: 7316: 7307: 7306: 7302: 7292: 7290: 7289:on 7 March 2009 7281: 7280: 7276: 7266: 7264: 7249: 7245: 7240: 7236: 7226: 7224: 7213: 7209: 7208: 7204: 7194: 7192: 7187: 7186: 7182: 7172: 7170: 7161: 7160: 7156: 7146: 7144: 7133: 7129: 7128: 7124: 7114: 7112: 7099: 7098: 7094: 7084: 7082: 7073: 7072: 7068: 7063: 7059: 7049: 7047: 7038: 7037: 7030: 7024: 7016: 7012: 7007: 7000: 6990: 6988: 6975: 6974: 6970: 6960: 6958: 6949: 6948: 6944: 6939: 6935: 6925: 6923: 6912: 6908: 6907: 6903: 6898: 6894: 6889: 6885: 6880: 6876: 6871: 6867: 6862: 6858: 6853: 6849: 6844: 6837: 6827: 6825: 6824:on 15 June 2008 6816: 6815: 6811: 6801: 6799: 6790: 6789: 6785: 6780: 6776: 6771: 6764: 6754: 6752: 6743: 6742: 6738: 6733: 6729: 6713: 6709: 6704: 6700: 6690: 6688: 6671: 6670: 6666: 6661: 6657: 6647: 6645: 6641: 6628: 6624: 6623: 6619: 6609: 6607: 6598: 6597: 6593: 6583: 6581: 6577: 6560: 6556: 6555: 6548: 6542: 6533: 6526: 6521: 6514: 6506: 6499: 6494: 6485: 6480: 6473: 6463: 6461: 6450: 6446: 6445: 6441: 6431: 6429: 6421: 6420: 6416: 6407: 6403: 6393: 6391: 6382: 6381: 6377: 6372: 6368: 6358: 6356: 6347: 6346: 6335: 6330: 6323: 6313: 6311: 6302: 6301: 6294: 6284: 6282: 6273: 6272: 6268: 6261:Al-Ahram Weekly 6256:Wayback Machine 6247: 6243: 6238: 6231: 6224:The Independent 6220:Wayback Machine 6210: 6206: 6201: 6192: 6182: 6180: 6179:on 4 March 2016 6167: 6166: 6162: 6157: 6153: 6143: 6141: 6134: 6118: 6114: 6109: 6105: 6097: 6083: 6079: 6068: 6066: 6059: 6035: 6031: 6026: 6022: 6012: 6010: 5995: 5988: 5978: 5976: 5960: 5956: 5951: 5947: 5939: 5935: 5927: 5920: 5912: 5908: 5900: 5896: 5888: 5884: 5876: 5872: 5867: 5863: 5858: 5825: 5817: 5813: 5805: 5801: 5793: 5789: 5784: 5777: 5772: 5768: 5763: 5759: 5751: 5747: 5740: 5724:Crone, Patricia 5721: 5717: 5707: 5705: 5692: 5688: 5678: 5676: 5661: 5657: 5652: 5648: 5643: 5639: 5633:Yaqut al-Hamawi 5631: 5622: 5617: 5613: 5608: 5604: 5597: 5583: 5579: 5569: 5567: 5558: 5557: 5553: 5548: 5539: 5534: 5530: 5525:Wayback Machine 5511: 5507: 5502: 5473: 5465: 5461: 5453: 5449: 5441: 5437: 5429: 5425: 5417: 5413: 5401: 5397: 5389: 5385: 5377: 5373: 5368: 5364: 5352: 5348: 5343: 5339: 5331: 5327: 5319: 5315: 5307: 5303: 5295:, p. 209; 5291: 5287: 5282: 5278: 5273: 5269: 5264: 5260: 5255: 5251: 5246: 5237: 5230: 5209: 5205: 5194: 5190: 5178: 5157: 5153: 5143: 5141: 5137: 5130: 5122: 5118: 5112:Wayback Machine 5105:ܨܘܒܐ in English 5103: 5099: 5094: 5090: 5085: 5064: 5054: 5052: 5033: 5029: 5019: 5017: 5010: 4994: 4990: 4985: 4974: 4964: 4962: 4955: 4939: 4935: 4930: 4926: 4916: 4914: 4901: 4900: 4896: 4886: 4884: 4871: 4870: 4866: 4861: 4857: 4847: 4845: 4844:on 8 March 2009 4836: 4835: 4828: 4818: 4816: 4801: 4797: 4773: 4772: 4768: 4758: 4756: 4745: 4744: 4737: 4713: 4710:Wayback Machine 4701: 4697: 4687: 4685: 4666: 4665: 4661: 4651: 4649: 4637: 4633: 4623: 4621: 4606: 4605: 4601: 4591: 4589: 4576: 4575: 4568: 4558: 4556: 4546: 4542: 4534: 4530: 4526: 4521: 4520: 4511: 4507: 4500: 4495: 4491: 4487: 4482: 4477: 4475: 4471: 4462: 4458: 4453: 4449: 4444: 4417: 4400: 4387: 4374: 4364: 4343:Citadel of Homs 4279: 4278: 4277: 4276: 4275: 4272: 4264: 4263: 4260: 4249: 4224:Palmyra Airport 4179:, Tripoli, and 4132: 4127: 4066: 4042: 4030: 4018:Firas Al Khatib 3971: 3951:al-Nouri mosque 3939:Emesani dynasty 3912: 3884:Qasr al-Zahrawi 3878: 3834:Italian cuisine 3827:bamya bi-l zayt 3825:meal, known as 3779: 3774: 3645: 3610:Catholic Greeks 3606:Orthodox Greeks 3526:2017 (estimate) 3518:2013 (estimate) 3510:2011 (estimate) 3502:2008 (estimate) 3494:2005 (estimate) 3438:1907 (estimate) 3401: 3400: 3392: 3379: 3366: 3341: 3336: 3139: 3132: 3127: 3122: 3117: 3112: 3107: 3102: 3097: 3092: 3087: 3082: 3077: 3072: 3058: 3053: 3048: 3043: 3038: 3033: 3028: 3023: 3018: 3013: 3008: 3003: 2998: 2988: 2983: 2978: 2973: 2968: 2963: 2958: 2953: 2948: 2943: 2938: 2933: 2928: 2918: 2913: 2908: 2903: 2898: 2893: 2888: 2883: 2878: 2873: 2868: 2863: 2858: 2780: 2725: 2696: 2695: 2694: 2688: 2687: 2684: 2679: 2678: 2675: 2670: 2669: 2666: 2643: 2637: 2597:Khirbet Tin Nur 2494: 2474: 2412:, in which the 2366: 2345: 2268:Harfush dynasty 2172: 2166: 2156:was ravaged by 2077:(manuscript of 2064:Yaqut al-Hamawi 2056:Ayyubid dynasty 2051:William of Tyre 1981: 1967:Abbasid dynasty 1963: 1860:in response to 1850:Harun al-Rashid 1796:Umayyad dynasty 1673:In 637 CE, the 1628: 1598: 1343:Roman Civil War 1324:Emesene dynasty 1293:Sampsiceramus I 1277:Pliny the Elder 1237:Emesene dynasty 1235:in 64 BCE, the 1209:Seleucid Empire 1193:only mentioned 1188: 1178: 1171: 1153:at the city of 1139:Egyptian Empire 1119:Citadel of Homs 1111: 1104: 1092:William of Tyre 1055:Citadel of Homs 923: 874:Emesene dynasty 820:above sea level 784: 758: 754: 742:[ħɔmsˤ] 723:[ħɪmsˤ] 698: 690: 682: 662: 647: 632: 623: 622: 616: 596: 587: 586: 553: 526: 483: 342: 340: 325: 323: 319: 316: 311: 308: 306: 304: 303: 297: 296: 295: 294: 291: 290: 287: 286: 285: 284: 280: 263: 262: 261: 258: 257: 254: 253: 252: 251: 247: 230: 229: 228: 225: 224: 221: 220: 219: 218: 214: 192: 180: 168: 160: 156:أم الحجار السود 142: 141: 125: 121: 120: 119: 118: 117: 116: 109: 100: 99: 98: 89: 88: 87: 71: 64: 61: 54: 49: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 13271: 13261: 13260: 13255: 13250: 13245: 13226: 13225: 13223: 13222: 13216: 13209: 13206: 13205: 13202: 13201: 13198: 13197: 13195: 13194: 13188: 13181: 13179: 13173: 13172: 13170: 13169: 13163: 13157: 13151: 13145: 13140: 13135: 13128: 13126: 13120: 13119: 13117: 13116: 13110: 13104: 13098: 13092: 13085: 13083: 13077: 13076: 13074: 13073: 13067: 13061: 13055: 13053: 13047: 13046: 13044: 13043: 13037: 13031: 13026: 13020: 13013: 13011: 12997: 12994:Locations with 12991: 12990: 12988: 12987: 12982: 12977: 12972: 12967: 12962: 12956: 12954: 12950: 12949: 12947: 12946: 12941: 12936: 12931: 12926: 12921: 12916: 12911: 12906: 12901: 12896: 12891: 12886: 12881: 12876: 12871: 12865: 12863: 12862:Of late Empire 12859: 12858: 12856: 12855: 12850: 12845: 12840: 12834: 12832: 12825: 12819: 12818: 12804: 12802: 12799: 12798: 12796: 12795: 12789: 12787: 12781: 12780: 12778: 12777: 12772: 12767: 12762: 12757: 12751: 12749: 12743: 12742: 12740: 12739: 12733: 12731: 12725: 12724: 12722: 12721: 12716: 12710: 12708: 12702: 12701: 12699: 12698: 12692: 12690: 12684: 12683: 12681: 12680: 12674: 12672: 12666: 12665: 12663: 12662: 12656: 12654: 12648: 12647: 12645: 12644: 12638: 12636: 12630: 12629: 12627: 12626: 12621: 12619:Lindum Colonia 12616: 12610: 12608: 12599: 12595: 12594: 12591: 12588: 12587: 12576: 12575: 12568: 12561: 12553: 12544: 12543: 12540: 12539: 12536: 12535: 12533: 12532: 12527: 12522: 12517: 12512: 12507: 12502: 12497: 12492: 12487: 12482: 12477: 12472: 12467: 12462: 12457: 12452: 12447: 12442: 12434: 12432: 12426: 12425: 12423: 12422: 12417: 12412: 12407: 12402: 12397: 12392: 12387: 12382: 12377: 12372: 12367: 12362: 12357: 12352: 12347: 12342: 12337: 12329: 12327: 12321: 12320: 12318: 12317: 12312: 12307: 12302: 12297: 12292: 12287: 12282: 12277: 12272: 12267: 12262: 12257: 12252: 12247: 12242: 12237: 12232: 12227: 12222: 12214: 12212: 12206: 12205: 12203: 12202: 12197: 12192: 12187: 12182: 12177: 12172: 12167: 12162: 12160:al-Shabruniyah 12157: 12152: 12147: 12142: 12137: 12132: 12127: 12122: 12117: 12112: 12107: 12102: 12097: 12092: 12090:Burj al-Maksur 12087: 12082: 12077: 12072: 12067: 12062: 12057: 12052: 12047: 12042: 12032: 12030: 12020: 12019: 12007: 12006: 12003: 12002: 11999: 11998: 11996: 11995: 11990: 11985: 11980: 11975: 11970: 11962: 11960: 11954: 11953: 11951: 11950: 11945: 11940: 11935: 11930: 11920: 11918: 11908: 11907: 11895: 11894: 11891: 11890: 11887: 11886: 11884: 11883: 11878: 11873: 11868: 11863: 11858: 11853: 11848: 11843: 11838: 11833: 11828: 11823: 11815: 11813: 11807: 11806: 11804: 11803: 11798: 11793: 11788: 11783: 11778: 11776:Murayj al-Durr 11773: 11768: 11763: 11758: 11753: 11748: 11743: 11738: 11733: 11728: 11723: 11718: 11708: 11706: 11696: 11695: 11683: 11682: 11679: 11678: 11675: 11674: 11672: 11671: 11666: 11661: 11656: 11651: 11646: 11641: 11636: 11631: 11626: 11621: 11616: 11611: 11606: 11601: 11596: 11591: 11586: 11581: 11576: 11571: 11566: 11561: 11556: 11551: 11546: 11541: 11536: 11531: 11526: 11524:al-Ghassaniyah 11521: 11516: 11511: 11506: 11501: 11496: 11491: 11486: 11481: 11476: 11471: 11466: 11461: 11456: 11451: 11441: 11439: 11429: 11428: 11416: 11415: 11412: 11411: 11408: 11407: 11405: 11404: 11399: 11394: 11388: 11383: 11378: 11373: 11368: 11363: 11358: 11353: 11351:Muntar al-Abal 11348: 11343: 11338: 11333: 11328: 11323: 11318: 11313: 11308: 11303: 11300:Jubb al-Jarrah 11295: 11293: 11290:Jubb al-Jarrah 11287: 11286: 11284: 11283: 11278: 11273: 11268: 11263: 11258: 11253: 11248: 11243: 11238: 11233: 11228: 11223: 11218: 11213: 11208: 11203: 11198: 11193: 11188: 11183: 11178: 11173: 11168: 11163: 11153: 11151: 11141: 11140: 11128: 11127: 11114: 11112: 11109: 11108: 11105: 11104: 11102: 11101: 11096: 11091: 11086: 11081: 11076: 11071: 11066: 11061: 11056: 11051: 11046: 11041: 11036: 11031: 11026: 11021: 11016: 11011: 11006: 11001: 10996: 10988: 10986: 10980: 10979: 10977: 10976: 10971: 10966: 10961: 10956: 10951: 10946: 10941: 10936: 10931: 10926: 10921: 10916: 10911: 10906: 10901: 10893: 10891: 10885: 10884: 10882: 10881: 10876: 10868: 10866: 10860: 10859: 10857: 10856: 10851: 10846: 10841: 10836: 10831: 10826: 10821: 10816: 10811: 10806: 10801: 10793: 10791: 10785: 10784: 10782: 10781: 10776: 10768: 10766: 10760: 10759: 10757: 10756: 10751: 10746: 10741: 10736: 10731: 10726: 10718: 10716: 10710: 10709: 10707: 10706: 10701: 10696: 10688: 10686: 10680: 10679: 10677: 10676: 10671: 10669:Zayti al-Bahra 10666: 10661: 10659:Wujuh al-Hajar 10656: 10651: 10646: 10641: 10636: 10631: 10626: 10621: 10616: 10611: 10606: 10601: 10596: 10591: 10586: 10581: 10575: 10570: 10565: 10560: 10555: 10550: 10545: 10540: 10535: 10530: 10525: 10520: 10515: 10510: 10505: 10500: 10492: 10490: 10484: 10483: 10481: 10480: 10475: 10470: 10465: 10460: 10455: 10450: 10442: 10440: 10434: 10433: 10431: 10430: 10425: 10420: 10415: 10410: 10405: 10400: 10395: 10390: 10382: 10380: 10374: 10373: 10371: 10370: 10365: 10360: 10355: 10350: 10345: 10340: 10335: 10330: 10325: 10323:Ayn al-Dananir 10320: 10312: 10310: 10304: 10303: 10301: 10300: 10295: 10290: 10285: 10280: 10275: 10270: 10265: 10260: 10255: 10250: 10245: 10240: 10235: 10230: 10228:al-Mukhtariyah 10225: 10223:al-Mubarakiyah 10220: 10215: 10210: 10205: 10200: 10195: 10190: 10185: 10180: 10175: 10170: 10165: 10160: 10155: 10150: 10145: 10140: 10130: 10128: 10118: 10117: 10105: 10104: 10090: 10089: 10082: 10075: 10067: 10058: 10057: 10055: 10054: 10049: 10044: 10039: 10034: 10029: 10024: 10019: 10014: 10009: 10004: 9999: 9994: 9989: 9984: 9979: 9974: 9969: 9964: 9959: 9954: 9949: 9944: 9939: 9934: 9929: 9924: 9919: 9914: 9909: 9904: 9899: 9894: 9889: 9884: 9879: 9874: 9869: 9864: 9859: 9854: 9849: 9844: 9839: 9834: 9829: 9824: 9822:al-Sabe' Biyar 9819: 9814: 9809: 9804: 9799: 9794: 9789: 9784: 9779: 9774: 9769: 9764: 9759: 9754: 9749: 9744: 9739: 9734: 9729: 9724: 9719: 9714: 9709: 9704: 9699: 9694: 9689: 9684: 9679: 9677:Mashta al-Helu 9674: 9669: 9664: 9659: 9654: 9649: 9644: 9639: 9634: 9629: 9624: 9619: 9614: 9609: 9604: 9599: 9594: 9589: 9584: 9579: 9574: 9569: 9564: 9559: 9554: 9549: 9544: 9539: 9534: 9529: 9524: 9519: 9517:Jubb al-Jarrah 9514: 9509: 9504: 9499: 9494: 9489: 9484: 9479: 9474: 9469: 9464: 9459: 9454: 9449: 9444: 9439: 9434: 9429: 9424: 9419: 9414: 9409: 9404: 9399: 9394: 9389: 9387:al-Ghizlaniyah 9384: 9379: 9374: 9369: 9364: 9359: 9354: 9349: 9344: 9339: 9334: 9329: 9324: 9319: 9314: 9309: 9304: 9299: 9294: 9289: 9284: 9279: 9274: 9269: 9264: 9259: 9254: 9249: 9244: 9239: 9234: 9229: 9224: 9219: 9214: 9209: 9204: 9199: 9193: 9191: 9184: 9183: 9181: 9180: 9175: 9170: 9165: 9160: 9155: 9150: 9145: 9140: 9135: 9130: 9125: 9120: 9115: 9110: 9105: 9100: 9095: 9090: 9085: 9080: 9075: 9070: 9065: 9060: 9055: 9050: 9045: 9040: 9035: 9030: 9025: 9020: 9015: 9010: 9005: 9000: 8995: 8990: 8985: 8980: 8975: 8970: 8965: 8960: 8955: 8950: 8945: 8940: 8935: 8929: 8927: 8920: 8919: 8912: 8910: 8908: 8907: 8902: 8897: 8892: 8887: 8882: 8877: 8872: 8867: 8862: 8857: 8852: 8847: 8842: 8836: 8834: 8827: 8826: 8812: 8811: 8804: 8797: 8789: 8783: 8782: 8770: 8755: 8747: 8741: 8733: 8732:External links 8730: 8728: 8727: 8709: 8690: 8672: 8653: 8635: 8620: 8613: 8590: 8567: 8549: 8534: 8516: 8501: 8480: 8473: 8454: 8435: 8417: 8398: 8383: 8376: 8360:Millar, Fergus 8356: 8338: 8323: 8317: 8304: 8298: 8285: 8278: 8257: 8247: 8241: 8226: 8220: 8207: 8188: 8170: 8151: 8136: 8130: 8117: 8098: 8083: 8068: 8050: 8035: 8029: 8008: 7984: 7966: 7951: 7945: 7924: 7918: 7905: 7877: 7859: 7840: 7821: 7806: 7787: 7772: 7753: 7738: 7702:"A propos des 7697: 7692:centuriationes 7686: 7684: 7681: 7680: 7679: 7621: 7616:978-1473845701 7615: 7602: 7596: 7579: 7557: 7554: 7552: 7551: 7521: 7503: 7473: 7418: 7409: 7400: 7391: 7382: 7373: 7361: 7352: 7326: 7300: 7274: 7243: 7234: 7202: 7180: 7154: 7137:Discover-Syria 7122: 7092: 7066: 7057: 7028: 7010: 6998: 6968: 6942: 6933: 6901: 6892: 6883: 6874: 6865: 6856: 6847: 6835: 6818:"Wine Profile" 6809: 6798:on 2 June 2009 6783: 6774: 6762: 6751:on 21 May 2011 6736: 6727: 6707: 6698: 6681:Britannica.com 6664: 6655: 6617: 6591: 6546: 6524: 6512: 6497: 6483: 6471: 6454:enabbaladi.net 6439: 6414: 6401: 6390:on 16 May 2015 6375: 6366: 6333: 6321: 6310:on 18 May 2006 6292: 6266: 6241: 6229: 6211:Fisk, Robert. 6204: 6190: 6160: 6151: 6132: 6112: 6103: 6095: 6077: 6057: 6029: 6020: 5986: 5954: 5945: 5933: 5918: 5916:, p. 240. 5906: 5904:, p. 239. 5894: 5882: 5870: 5861: 5823: 5811: 5809:, p. 157. 5799: 5787: 5775: 5766: 5757: 5745: 5738: 5715: 5686: 5655: 5646: 5637: 5620: 5611: 5602: 5595: 5577: 5551: 5537: 5528: 5505: 5471: 5467:Albertini 1934 5459: 5447: 5435: 5423: 5421:, p. 250. 5411: 5395: 5393:, p. 190. 5383: 5371: 5362: 5346: 5337: 5325: 5323:, p. 187. 5313: 5311:, p. 186. 5301: 5299:, p. 187. 5285: 5276: 5267: 5258: 5249: 5235: 5228: 5222:. p. 83. 5212:Jackson, Peter 5203: 5188: 5151: 5116: 5097: 5088: 5062: 5027: 5008: 4988: 4972: 4953: 4933: 4924: 4894: 4864: 4855: 4826: 4795: 4766: 4735: 4695: 4659: 4631: 4599: 4566: 4548:Almaany Team. 4540: 4536:Al-Dbiyat 2013 4527: 4525: 4522: 4519: 4518: 4505: 4469: 4456: 4446: 4445: 4443: 4440: 4439: 4438: 4433: 4428: 4423: 4416: 4413: 4412: 4411: 4398: 4385: 4382:Belo Horizonte 4363: 4360: 4291:Quwatli Street 4273: 4266: 4265: 4261: 4254: 4253: 4252: 4251: 4250: 4248: 4245: 4232:Quwatli Street 4218:to the south, 4131: 4130:Transportation 4128: 4126: 4123: 4065: 4062: 4041: 4038: 4029: 4026: 3970: 3967: 3933:Historically, 3911: 3908: 3877: 3874: 3778: 3775: 3773: 3770: 3644: 3641: 3531: 3530: 3527: 3523: 3522: 3519: 3515: 3514: 3511: 3507: 3506: 3503: 3499: 3498: 3495: 3491: 3490: 3487: 3483: 3482: 3479: 3475: 3474: 3471: 3467: 3466: 3463: 3459: 3458: 3455: 3451: 3450: 3447: 3443: 3442: 3439: 3435: 3434: 3433:15,000–20,000 3431: 3427: 3426: 3423: 3419: 3418: 3415: 3411: 3410: 3407: 3397: 3396: 3393: 3390: 3388: 3384: 3383: 3380: 3377: 3375: 3371: 3370: 3367: 3364: 3362: 3358: 3357: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3349: 3348:Homs Religions 3343: 3342: 3340: 3337: 3333: 3332: 3328: 3327: 3326:Source 1: WMO 3323: 3322: 3319: 3316: 3313: 3310: 3307: 3304: 3301: 3298: 3295: 3292: 3289: 3286: 3283: 3276: 3275: 3272: 3269: 3266: 3263: 3260: 3257: 3254: 3251: 3248: 3245: 3242: 3239: 3236: 3234:daylight hours 3229: 3228: 3225: 3222: 3219: 3216: 3213: 3210: 3207: 3204: 3201: 3198: 3195: 3192: 3189: 3187:sunshine hours 3182: 3181: 3178: 3175: 3172: 3169: 3166: 3163: 3160: 3157: 3154: 3151: 3148: 3145: 3142: 3135: 3134: 3129: 3124: 3119: 3114: 3109: 3104: 3099: 3094: 3089: 3084: 3079: 3074: 3069: 3061: 3060: 3055: 3050: 3045: 3040: 3035: 3030: 3025: 3020: 3015: 3010: 3005: 3000: 2995: 2991: 2990: 2985: 2980: 2975: 2970: 2965: 2960: 2955: 2950: 2945: 2940: 2935: 2930: 2925: 2921: 2920: 2915: 2910: 2905: 2900: 2895: 2890: 2885: 2880: 2875: 2870: 2865: 2860: 2855: 2851: 2850: 2847: 2844: 2841: 2838: 2835: 2832: 2829: 2826: 2823: 2820: 2817: 2814: 2811: 2807: 2806: 2800: 2779: 2776: 2727: 2726: 2724: 2723: 2716: 2709: 2701: 2698: 2697: 2690: 2689: 2681: 2680: 2672: 2671: 2663: 2662: 2653: 2652: 2636: 2633: 2619:to the north, 2613:al-Mukhtariyah 2583:to the south, 2500:Satellite view 2493: 2490: 2473: 2470: 2466:Yom Kippur War 2430:Hafez al-Assad 2382:French mandate 2365: 2362: 2344: 2341: 2270:of the nearby 2176:Ottoman Empire 2165: 2162: 2060:al-Ashraf Musa 1962: 1959: 1951:Saljuqid Turks 1936:Isma'ili Shi'i 1808:Jund Qinnasrin 1742:Iyad ibn Ghanm 1738:besieged Emesa 1728:, mainly from 1597: 1594: 1565:. Initially a 1551:Emperor Julian 1420:Antoninus Pius 1379:Maurice Sartre 1308:Tell Abu Sabun 1281:Jabal al-Bilas 1233:Roman Republic 1170: 1167: 1147:Hittite Empire 1103: 1100: 1072:Medieval Greek 922: 919: 903:French Mandate 578: 577: 572: 566: 565: 562: 556: 555: 550: 544: 543: 533: 523: 522: 512: 506: 505: 477: 471: 470: 467: 463: 462: 458: 457: 454: 450: 449: 446: 442: 441: 438: 434: 433: 430: 426: 425: 421: 420: 417: 413: 412: 409: 402: 401: 397: 396: 390: 386: 385: 382: 376: 375: 370: 364: 363: 358: 352: 351: 338: 334: 333: 299: 298: 288: 282: 281: 274: 273: 267: 266: 265: 264: 255: 249: 248: 241: 240: 234: 233: 232: 231: 222: 216: 215: 208: 207: 201: 200: 199: 198: 197: 194: 193: 183:House of Peace 161:Al-'Adhiyyah ( 149:Mother of the 148: 144: 143: 123: 122: 110: 103: 102: 101: 92: 91: 90: 81: 80: 79: 78: 77: 76: 73: 72: 69: 66: 65: 62: 59: 52: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13270: 13259: 13256: 13254: 13251: 13249: 13246: 13244: 13241: 13240: 13238: 13231: 13221: 13217: 13214: 13211: 13210: 13207: 13192: 13189: 13186: 13183: 13182: 13180: 13178: 13174: 13167: 13164: 13161: 13158: 13155: 13152: 13149: 13146: 13144: 13141: 13139: 13136: 13133: 13130: 13129: 13127: 13125: 13121: 13114: 13111: 13108: 13105: 13102: 13099: 13096: 13093: 13090: 13087: 13086: 13084: 13082: 13078: 13071: 13068: 13065: 13062: 13060: 13057: 13056: 13054: 13052: 13048: 13041: 13038: 13035: 13032: 13030: 13027: 13024: 13021: 13018: 13015: 13014: 13012: 13010: 13005: 13001: 12998: 12992: 12986: 12983: 12981: 12978: 12976: 12973: 12971: 12968: 12966: 12963: 12961: 12958: 12957: 12955: 12951: 12945: 12942: 12940: 12939:Philippopolis 12937: 12935: 12932: 12930: 12927: 12925: 12922: 12920: 12917: 12915: 12912: 12910: 12907: 12905: 12904:Arca Caesarea 12902: 12900: 12897: 12895: 12892: 12890: 12887: 12885: 12882: 12880: 12877: 12875: 12872: 12870: 12867: 12866: 12864: 12860: 12854: 12851: 12849: 12846: 12844: 12841: 12839: 12836: 12835: 12833: 12829: 12826: 12824: 12820: 12815: 12808: 12794: 12791: 12790: 12788: 12786: 12782: 12776: 12773: 12771: 12768: 12766: 12763: 12761: 12758: 12756: 12753: 12752: 12750: 12748: 12744: 12738: 12735: 12734: 12732: 12730: 12726: 12720: 12717: 12715: 12712: 12711: 12709: 12707: 12703: 12697: 12696:Narbo Martius 12694: 12693: 12691: 12689: 12685: 12679: 12676: 12675: 12673: 12671: 12667: 12661: 12658: 12657: 12655: 12653: 12649: 12643: 12640: 12639: 12637: 12635: 12631: 12625: 12622: 12620: 12617: 12615: 12612: 12611: 12609: 12607: 12603: 12600: 12596: 12589: 12585: 12581: 12574: 12569: 12567: 12562: 12560: 12555: 12554: 12551: 12531: 12528: 12526: 12523: 12521: 12518: 12516: 12513: 12511: 12508: 12506: 12503: 12501: 12498: 12496: 12493: 12491: 12488: 12486: 12485:Jiwar al-Afas 12483: 12481: 12478: 12476: 12473: 12471: 12468: 12466: 12465:Baydar Rafiah 12463: 12461: 12458: 12456: 12453: 12451: 12448: 12446: 12443: 12441: 12440: 12436: 12435: 12433: 12427: 12421: 12418: 12416: 12413: 12411: 12408: 12406: 12403: 12401: 12400:al-Muqaabarat 12398: 12396: 12393: 12391: 12388: 12386: 12383: 12381: 12378: 12376: 12375:Ish al-Shuhah 12373: 12371: 12368: 12366: 12365:Duwair al-Lin 12363: 12361: 12358: 12356: 12353: 12351: 12348: 12346: 12343: 12341: 12338: 12336: 12335: 12331: 12330: 12328: 12322: 12316: 12313: 12311: 12310:Umm al-Dawali 12308: 12306: 12303: 12301: 12298: 12296: 12293: 12291: 12288: 12286: 12283: 12281: 12278: 12276: 12273: 12271: 12268: 12266: 12263: 12261: 12258: 12256: 12253: 12251: 12248: 12246: 12243: 12241: 12238: 12236: 12233: 12231: 12228: 12226: 12223: 12221: 12220: 12216: 12215: 12213: 12207: 12201: 12198: 12196: 12193: 12191: 12188: 12186: 12183: 12181: 12178: 12176: 12173: 12171: 12168: 12166: 12163: 12161: 12158: 12156: 12153: 12151: 12148: 12146: 12143: 12141: 12138: 12136: 12133: 12131: 12128: 12126: 12123: 12121: 12118: 12116: 12113: 12111: 12108: 12106: 12103: 12101: 12098: 12096: 12093: 12091: 12088: 12086: 12083: 12081: 12078: 12076: 12073: 12071: 12070:al-Bahluniyah 12068: 12066: 12063: 12061: 12058: 12056: 12053: 12051: 12048: 12046: 12043: 12041: 12040: 12039: 12034: 12033: 12031: 12025: 12021: 12017: 12012: 12008: 11994: 11991: 11989: 11986: 11984: 11981: 11979: 11976: 11974: 11971: 11969: 11968: 11964: 11963: 11961: 11955: 11949: 11946: 11944: 11941: 11939: 11936: 11934: 11931: 11929: 11928: 11927: 11922: 11921: 11919: 11913: 11909: 11905: 11900: 11896: 11882: 11879: 11877: 11874: 11872: 11869: 11867: 11864: 11862: 11859: 11857: 11856:Saan al-Aswad 11854: 11852: 11849: 11847: 11846:al-Makramiyah 11844: 11842: 11841:al-Hashimiyah 11839: 11837: 11834: 11832: 11831:al-Farhaniyah 11829: 11827: 11824: 11822: 11821: 11817: 11816: 11814: 11808: 11802: 11799: 11797: 11794: 11792: 11789: 11787: 11784: 11782: 11779: 11777: 11774: 11772: 11769: 11767: 11764: 11762: 11759: 11757: 11754: 11752: 11749: 11747: 11744: 11742: 11741:al-Ghasibiyah 11739: 11737: 11734: 11732: 11729: 11727: 11724: 11722: 11719: 11717: 11716: 11715: 11710: 11709: 11707: 11701: 11697: 11693: 11688: 11684: 11670: 11667: 11665: 11662: 11660: 11657: 11655: 11652: 11650: 11647: 11645: 11644:al-Shumariyah 11642: 11640: 11637: 11635: 11632: 11630: 11627: 11625: 11622: 11620: 11617: 11615: 11614:al-Sallumiyah 11612: 11610: 11607: 11605: 11602: 11600: 11597: 11595: 11592: 11590: 11587: 11585: 11582: 11580: 11577: 11575: 11572: 11570: 11567: 11565: 11562: 11560: 11557: 11555: 11552: 11550: 11547: 11545: 11542: 11540: 11537: 11535: 11532: 11530: 11527: 11525: 11522: 11520: 11517: 11515: 11512: 11510: 11507: 11505: 11502: 11500: 11497: 11495: 11492: 11490: 11487: 11485: 11482: 11480: 11477: 11475: 11472: 11470: 11467: 11465: 11462: 11460: 11457: 11455: 11452: 11450: 11449: 11448: 11443: 11442: 11440: 11434: 11430: 11426: 11421: 11417: 11403: 11400: 11398: 11395: 11392: 11389: 11387: 11384: 11382: 11379: 11377: 11374: 11372: 11369: 11367: 11364: 11362: 11361:Rasm Humaydah 11359: 11357: 11354: 11352: 11349: 11347: 11344: 11342: 11339: 11337: 11334: 11332: 11329: 11327: 11324: 11322: 11319: 11317: 11314: 11312: 11309: 11307: 11304: 11302: 11301: 11297: 11296: 11294: 11288: 11282: 11281:al-Uthmaniyah 11279: 11277: 11274: 11272: 11269: 11267: 11264: 11262: 11259: 11257: 11254: 11252: 11249: 11247: 11244: 11242: 11239: 11237: 11234: 11232: 11229: 11227: 11224: 11222: 11219: 11217: 11214: 11212: 11209: 11207: 11204: 11202: 11199: 11197: 11194: 11192: 11189: 11187: 11184: 11182: 11179: 11177: 11176:Abu Khashabah 11174: 11172: 11169: 11167: 11164: 11162: 11161: 11160: 11155: 11154: 11152: 11146: 11142: 11138: 11133: 11129: 11124: 11118: 11100: 11097: 11095: 11092: 11090: 11087: 11085: 11082: 11080: 11077: 11075: 11072: 11070: 11067: 11065: 11062: 11060: 11057: 11055: 11052: 11050: 11047: 11045: 11042: 11040: 11037: 11035: 11032: 11030: 11027: 11025: 11022: 11020: 11017: 11015: 11012: 11010: 11007: 11005: 11002: 11000: 10997: 10995: 10994: 10990: 10989: 10987: 10981: 10975: 10972: 10970: 10967: 10965: 10962: 10960: 10957: 10955: 10952: 10950: 10947: 10945: 10942: 10940: 10937: 10935: 10932: 10930: 10927: 10925: 10922: 10920: 10917: 10915: 10912: 10910: 10907: 10905: 10904:Ayn Al-Fawwar 10902: 10900: 10899: 10895: 10894: 10892: 10886: 10880: 10877: 10875: 10874: 10870: 10869: 10867: 10861: 10855: 10852: 10850: 10847: 10845: 10842: 10840: 10837: 10835: 10832: 10830: 10829:Jabab al-Zayt 10827: 10825: 10822: 10820: 10817: 10815: 10812: 10810: 10807: 10805: 10802: 10800: 10799: 10795: 10794: 10792: 10786: 10780: 10777: 10775: 10774: 10770: 10769: 10767: 10761: 10755: 10752: 10750: 10747: 10745: 10742: 10740: 10737: 10735: 10732: 10730: 10727: 10725: 10724: 10720: 10719: 10717: 10711: 10705: 10702: 10700: 10697: 10695: 10694: 10690: 10689: 10687: 10681: 10675: 10672: 10670: 10667: 10665: 10664:al-Zurzuriyah 10662: 10660: 10657: 10655: 10652: 10650: 10647: 10645: 10642: 10640: 10637: 10635: 10632: 10630: 10627: 10625: 10622: 10620: 10617: 10615: 10612: 10610: 10607: 10605: 10602: 10600: 10597: 10595: 10592: 10590: 10587: 10585: 10582: 10579: 10576: 10574: 10571: 10569: 10566: 10564: 10561: 10559: 10556: 10554: 10551: 10549: 10546: 10544: 10543:Khirbet Hayek 10541: 10539: 10536: 10534: 10533:Khirbet Ghazi 10531: 10529: 10526: 10524: 10521: 10519: 10516: 10514: 10511: 10509: 10506: 10504: 10501: 10499: 10498: 10494: 10493: 10491: 10485: 10479: 10476: 10474: 10471: 10469: 10466: 10464: 10461: 10459: 10456: 10454: 10451: 10449: 10448: 10444: 10443: 10441: 10435: 10429: 10426: 10424: 10421: 10419: 10416: 10414: 10413:Jubb al-Shami 10411: 10409: 10406: 10404: 10401: 10399: 10396: 10394: 10391: 10389: 10388: 10384: 10383: 10381: 10375: 10369: 10366: 10364: 10361: 10359: 10356: 10354: 10351: 10349: 10346: 10344: 10341: 10339: 10336: 10334: 10331: 10329: 10326: 10324: 10321: 10319: 10318: 10314: 10313: 10311: 10305: 10299: 10296: 10294: 10291: 10289: 10288:al-Thabitiyah 10286: 10284: 10283:Tell Zubaydah 10281: 10279: 10276: 10274: 10271: 10269: 10266: 10264: 10261: 10259: 10256: 10254: 10251: 10249: 10246: 10244: 10241: 10239: 10236: 10234: 10231: 10229: 10226: 10224: 10221: 10219: 10216: 10214: 10211: 10209: 10206: 10204: 10201: 10199: 10196: 10194: 10191: 10189: 10186: 10184: 10181: 10179: 10176: 10174: 10171: 10169: 10166: 10164: 10161: 10159: 10156: 10154: 10151: 10149: 10146: 10144: 10141: 10139: 10138: 10137: 10132: 10131: 10129: 10123: 10119: 10115: 10114:Homs District 10110: 10106: 10102: 10097: 10088: 10083: 10081: 10076: 10074: 10069: 10068: 10065: 10053: 10050: 10048: 10045: 10043: 10042:al-Yaarubiyah 10040: 10038: 10035: 10033: 10032:Urum al-Kubra 10030: 10028: 10025: 10023: 10020: 10018: 10015: 10013: 10010: 10008: 10005: 10003: 10000: 9998: 9995: 9993: 9992:Tell al-Daman 9990: 9988: 9985: 9983: 9980: 9978: 9975: 9973: 9970: 9968: 9965: 9963: 9960: 9958: 9955: 9953: 9950: 9948: 9945: 9943: 9940: 9938: 9935: 9933: 9930: 9928: 9925: 9923: 9920: 9918: 9915: 9913: 9910: 9908: 9905: 9903: 9900: 9898: 9895: 9893: 9890: 9888: 9885: 9883: 9880: 9878: 9875: 9873: 9870: 9868: 9865: 9863: 9860: 9858: 9855: 9853: 9850: 9848: 9845: 9843: 9840: 9838: 9835: 9833: 9830: 9828: 9825: 9823: 9820: 9818: 9815: 9813: 9810: 9808: 9805: 9803: 9800: 9798: 9795: 9793: 9790: 9788: 9785: 9783: 9780: 9778: 9775: 9773: 9770: 9768: 9765: 9763: 9760: 9758: 9755: 9753: 9750: 9748: 9747:al-Qahtaniyah 9745: 9743: 9740: 9738: 9735: 9733: 9730: 9728: 9725: 9723: 9722:al-Nashabiyah 9720: 9718: 9715: 9713: 9710: 9708: 9707:al-Musayfirah 9705: 9703: 9700: 9698: 9695: 9693: 9690: 9688: 9685: 9683: 9680: 9678: 9675: 9673: 9670: 9668: 9665: 9663: 9660: 9658: 9655: 9653: 9650: 9648: 9645: 9643: 9640: 9638: 9635: 9633: 9630: 9628: 9625: 9623: 9620: 9618: 9615: 9613: 9610: 9608: 9605: 9603: 9600: 9598: 9595: 9593: 9590: 9588: 9585: 9583: 9582:Khan Shaykhun 9580: 9578: 9575: 9573: 9570: 9568: 9565: 9563: 9560: 9558: 9555: 9553: 9552:Kafr Takharim 9550: 9548: 9545: 9543: 9540: 9538: 9535: 9533: 9530: 9528: 9525: 9523: 9520: 9518: 9515: 9513: 9510: 9508: 9505: 9503: 9500: 9498: 9495: 9493: 9490: 9488: 9485: 9483: 9480: 9478: 9475: 9473: 9470: 9468: 9465: 9463: 9460: 9458: 9455: 9453: 9450: 9448: 9445: 9443: 9440: 9438: 9435: 9433: 9430: 9428: 9425: 9423: 9420: 9418: 9415: 9413: 9410: 9408: 9405: 9403: 9400: 9398: 9395: 9393: 9390: 9388: 9385: 9383: 9380: 9378: 9375: 9373: 9370: 9368: 9365: 9363: 9360: 9358: 9355: 9353: 9350: 9348: 9347:al-Darbasiyah 9345: 9343: 9340: 9338: 9335: 9333: 9330: 9328: 9325: 9323: 9320: 9318: 9315: 9313: 9310: 9308: 9305: 9303: 9300: 9298: 9295: 9293: 9290: 9288: 9285: 9283: 9280: 9278: 9275: 9273: 9270: 9268: 9265: 9263: 9260: 9258: 9255: 9253: 9252:Assal al-Ward 9250: 9248: 9245: 9243: 9240: 9238: 9235: 9233: 9230: 9228: 9225: 9223: 9220: 9218: 9215: 9213: 9210: 9208: 9205: 9203: 9202:Abu al-Thuhur 9200: 9198: 9195: 9194: 9192: 9189: 9185: 9179: 9176: 9174: 9171: 9169: 9166: 9164: 9161: 9159: 9156: 9154: 9151: 9149: 9146: 9144: 9141: 9139: 9136: 9134: 9131: 9129: 9126: 9124: 9121: 9119: 9116: 9114: 9111: 9109: 9106: 9104: 9101: 9099: 9096: 9094: 9091: 9089: 9086: 9084: 9081: 9079: 9076: 9074: 9071: 9069: 9066: 9064: 9061: 9059: 9056: 9054: 9051: 9049: 9046: 9044: 9041: 9039: 9036: 9034: 9031: 9029: 9026: 9024: 9021: 9019: 9016: 9014: 9011: 9009: 9006: 9004: 9001: 8999: 8996: 8994: 8991: 8989: 8986: 8984: 8981: 8979: 8976: 8974: 8971: 8969: 8966: 8964: 8961: 8959: 8956: 8954: 8951: 8949: 8946: 8944: 8941: 8939: 8936: 8934: 8931: 8930: 8928: 8925: 8921: 8916: 8906: 8903: 8901: 8898: 8896: 8893: 8891: 8888: 8886: 8883: 8881: 8878: 8876: 8873: 8871: 8868: 8866: 8863: 8861: 8858: 8856: 8853: 8851: 8848: 8846: 8843: 8841: 8838: 8837: 8835: 8832: 8828: 8824: 8819: 8810: 8805: 8803: 8798: 8796: 8791: 8790: 8787: 8780: 8779: 8774: 8771: 8766: 8762: 8759: 8756: 8753:(in Japanese) 8751: 8748: 8745: 8742: 8739: 8736: 8735: 8716: 8712: 8706: 8702: 8698: 8697: 8691: 8679: 8675: 8673:1-55832-227-2 8669: 8665: 8661: 8660: 8654: 8642: 8638: 8636:0-8130-3121-4 8632: 8628: 8627: 8621: 8616: 8610: 8606: 8602: 8598: 8597: 8591: 8579: 8575: 8574: 8568: 8556: 8552: 8550:0-521-29166-6 8546: 8542: 8541: 8535: 8523: 8519: 8517:90-04-09896-8 8513: 8509: 8508: 8502: 8490: 8486: 8481: 8476: 8474:0-520-06976-5 8470: 8466: 8462: 8461: 8455: 8442: 8438: 8436:9782213640693 8432: 8428: 8427: 8422: 8418: 8405: 8401: 8399:0-7864-2248-3 8395: 8392:. McFarland. 8391: 8390: 8384: 8379: 8377:9780674778863 8373: 8368: 8367: 8361: 8357: 8345: 8341: 8339:1-900949-90-3 8335: 8331: 8330: 8324: 8320: 8314: 8311:. Routledge. 8310: 8305: 8301: 8295: 8292:. Routledge. 8291: 8286: 8281: 8275: 8271: 8266: 8265: 8258: 8253: 8248: 8244: 8242:1-85532-300-1 8238: 8234: 8233: 8227: 8223: 8217: 8213: 8208: 8195: 8191: 8185: 8181: 8180: 8175: 8171: 8158: 8154: 8148: 8144: 8143: 8137: 8133: 8127: 8124:. Routledge. 8123: 8118: 8105: 8101: 8095: 8091: 8090: 8084: 8080: 8076: 8075: 8069: 8057: 8053: 8051:0-8108-4934-8 8047: 8043: 8042: 8036: 8032: 8026: 8022: 8017: 8016: 8009: 7996: 7992: 7991: 7985: 7973: 7969: 7963: 7959: 7958: 7952: 7948: 7946:1-86450-333-5 7942: 7938: 7933: 7932: 7925: 7921: 7915: 7911: 7906: 7893: 7889: 7885: 7884: 7878: 7866: 7862: 7860:1-85828-718-9 7856: 7852: 7848: 7847: 7841: 7828: 7824: 7822:0-89065-125-6 7818: 7814: 7813: 7807: 7794: 7790: 7788:0-415-11376-8 7784: 7781:. Routledge. 7780: 7779: 7773: 7760: 7756: 7754:9782351594704 7750: 7746: 7745: 7739: 7727: 7723: 7719: 7715: 7711: 7707: 7705: 7698: 7693: 7688: 7687: 7676: 7659:on 2 May 2019 7658: 7654: 7650: 7646: 7642: 7638: 7634: 7630: 7626: 7625:Seyrig, Henri 7622: 7618: 7612: 7608: 7603: 7599: 7597:9789047423836 7593: 7589: 7585: 7580: 7576: 7575: 7569: 7564: 7560: 7559: 7539: 7535: 7531: 7525: 7517: 7513: 7507: 7491: 7487: 7483: 7477: 7461: 7457: 7453: 7449: 7445: 7441: 7437: 7433: 7429: 7422: 7413: 7404: 7395: 7386: 7377: 7368: 7366: 7356: 7340: 7336: 7330: 7314: 7310: 7304: 7288: 7284: 7278: 7262: 7258: 7254: 7247: 7238: 7222: 7218: 7214: 7206: 7190: 7184: 7168: 7164: 7158: 7142: 7138: 7134: 7126: 7110: 7106: 7102: 7096: 7080: 7076: 7070: 7061: 7045: 7041: 7035: 7033: 7021: 7014: 7005: 7003: 6986: 6982: 6980: 6972: 6956: 6952: 6946: 6937: 6921: 6917: 6913: 6905: 6896: 6887: 6878: 6869: 6860: 6851: 6842: 6840: 6823: 6819: 6813: 6797: 6793: 6792:"About Homes" 6787: 6778: 6769: 6767: 6750: 6746: 6740: 6731: 6724: 6720: 6716: 6711: 6702: 6686: 6682: 6678: 6674: 6668: 6659: 6640: 6637:. June 2014. 6636: 6635: 6627: 6621: 6605: 6601: 6595: 6576: 6572: 6571: 6567: 6559: 6553: 6551: 6540: 6536: 6531: 6529: 6519: 6517: 6510: 6504: 6502: 6492: 6490: 6488: 6478: 6476: 6459: 6455: 6451: 6443: 6428: 6424: 6418: 6411: 6405: 6389: 6385: 6379: 6370: 6354: 6350: 6344: 6342: 6340: 6338: 6328: 6326: 6309: 6305: 6299: 6297: 6280: 6276: 6270: 6263: 6262: 6257: 6253: 6250: 6245: 6236: 6234: 6226: 6225: 6221: 6217: 6214: 6208: 6199: 6197: 6195: 6178: 6174: 6170: 6164: 6155: 6139: 6135: 6133:9781400858392 6129: 6125: 6124: 6116: 6107: 6098: 6092: 6088: 6081: 6064: 6060: 6058:9780511676413 6054: 6050: 6046: 6042: 6041: 6033: 6024: 6008: 6004: 6000: 5993: 5991: 5974: 5970: 5969: 5964: 5958: 5949: 5943:, p. 62. 5942: 5937: 5931:, p. 99. 5930: 5929:Hamilton 2000 5925: 5923: 5915: 5910: 5903: 5898: 5892:, p. 98. 5891: 5890:Hamilton 2000 5886: 5880:, p. 61. 5879: 5874: 5865: 5856: 5854: 5852: 5850: 5848: 5846: 5844: 5842: 5840: 5838: 5836: 5834: 5832: 5830: 5828: 5821:, p. 73. 5820: 5815: 5808: 5807:Bosworth 2007 5803: 5796: 5791: 5782: 5780: 5770: 5761: 5754: 5749: 5741: 5739:0-521-52940-9 5735: 5731: 5730: 5725: 5719: 5703: 5699: 5698: 5690: 5674: 5670: 5666: 5659: 5650: 5641: 5634: 5629: 5627: 5625: 5615: 5606: 5598: 5596:9781473828650 5592: 5588: 5581: 5565: 5561: 5555: 5546: 5544: 5542: 5532: 5526: 5522: 5519: 5515: 5514:Roman History 5509: 5500: 5498: 5496: 5494: 5492: 5490: 5488: 5486: 5484: 5482: 5480: 5478: 5476: 5468: 5463: 5456: 5451: 5445:, p. 84. 5444: 5439: 5433:, p. 92. 5432: 5427: 5420: 5415: 5408: 5404: 5399: 5392: 5387: 5380: 5375: 5366: 5359: 5355: 5350: 5341: 5334: 5329: 5322: 5317: 5310: 5305: 5298: 5294: 5289: 5280: 5271: 5262: 5253: 5244: 5242: 5240: 5231: 5225: 5221: 5217: 5213: 5207: 5200:. p. 18. 5199: 5192: 5185: 5183: 5176: 5172: 5168: 5162: 5155: 5136: 5129: 5128: 5120: 5113: 5109: 5106: 5101: 5092: 5083: 5081: 5079: 5077: 5075: 5073: 5071: 5069: 5067: 5050: 5046: 5042: 5038: 5031: 5015: 5011: 5009:9780199670727 5005: 5001: 5000: 4992: 4983: 4981: 4979: 4977: 4960: 4956: 4954:9780814341926 4950: 4946: 4945: 4937: 4928: 4912: 4908: 4904: 4898: 4882: 4878: 4874: 4868: 4859: 4843: 4839: 4833: 4831: 4814: 4810: 4806: 4799: 4791: 4787: 4783: 4781: 4776: 4770: 4754: 4753: 4748: 4742: 4740: 4731: 4727: 4723: 4721: 4716: 4711: 4707: 4704: 4699: 4683: 4679: 4678:HarperCollins 4675: 4674: 4669: 4663: 4647: 4646: 4641: 4635: 4619: 4615: 4614: 4609: 4603: 4587: 4583: 4579: 4573: 4571: 4555: 4551: 4544: 4538:, p. 160 4537: 4532: 4528: 4515: 4509: 4503: 4499: 4494: 4490: 4486: 4481: 4473: 4466: 4460: 4451: 4447: 4437: 4434: 4432: 4429: 4427: 4424: 4422: 4419: 4418: 4409: 4404: 4399: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4383: 4378: 4373: 4372: 4371: 4369: 4359: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4339: 4337: 4333: 4329: 4325: 4320: 4317: 4313: 4308: 4306: 4302: 4301: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4270: 4258: 4244: 4241: 4237: 4233: 4227: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4214:to the west, 4213: 4209: 4205: 4201: 4192: 4188: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4154: 4150: 4146: 4142: 4137: 4122: 4118: 4117:in the city. 4116: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4099: 4097: 4092: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4075: 4070: 4061: 4057: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4046:Homs District 4037: 4035: 4034:theatre plays 4025: 4023: 4019: 4015: 4011: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3995: 3994:Syrian League 3991: 3987: 3980: 3975: 3966: 3964: 3960: 3956: 3952: 3948: 3944: 3940: 3936: 3931: 3929: 3925: 3924:Syrian Desert 3921: 3917: 3907: 3905: 3901: 3900: 3895: 3891: 3882: 3873: 3871: 3867: 3863: 3862: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3845: 3844: 3839: 3835: 3830: 3828: 3824: 3820: 3816: 3815: 3810: 3806: 3805: 3800: 3796: 3792: 3783: 3769: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3746: 3742: 3738: 3733: 3731: 3726: 3724: 3720: 3716: 3711: 3702: 3698: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3663: 3656: 3655: 3649: 3640: 3638: 3634: 3630: 3625: 3623: 3619: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3603: 3598: 3596: 3592: 3588: 3584: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3563:Sunni Muslims 3559: 3557: 3553: 3548: 3537: 3528: 3525: 3524: 3520: 3517: 3516: 3512: 3509: 3508: 3504: 3501: 3500: 3496: 3493: 3492: 3488: 3485: 3484: 3480: 3477: 3476: 3472: 3469: 3468: 3464: 3461: 3460: 3456: 3453: 3452: 3448: 3445: 3444: 3440: 3437: 3436: 3432: 3429: 3428: 3424: 3421: 3420: 3416: 3413: 3412: 3408: 3405: 3404: 3389: 3385: 3376: 3372: 3363: 3361:Sunni Muslims 3359: 3354: 3351: 3346: 3329: 3324: 3320: 3317: 3314: 3311: 3308: 3305: 3302: 3299: 3296: 3293: 3290: 3287: 3284: 3282: 3277: 3273: 3270: 3267: 3264: 3261: 3258: 3255: 3252: 3249: 3246: 3243: 3240: 3237: 3235: 3230: 3226: 3223: 3220: 3217: 3214: 3211: 3208: 3205: 3202: 3199: 3196: 3193: 3190: 3188: 3183: 3179: 3176: 3173: 3170: 3167: 3164: 3161: 3158: 3155: 3152: 3149: 3146: 3143: 3136: 3130: 3125: 3120: 3115: 3110: 3105: 3100: 3095: 3090: 3085: 3080: 3075: 3070: 3067: 3066:precipitation 3062: 3056: 3051: 3046: 3041: 3036: 3031: 3026: 3021: 3016: 3011: 3006: 3001: 2996: 2992: 2986: 2981: 2976: 2971: 2966: 2961: 2956: 2951: 2946: 2941: 2936: 2931: 2926: 2922: 2916: 2911: 2906: 2901: 2896: 2891: 2886: 2881: 2876: 2871: 2866: 2861: 2856: 2852: 2808: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2775: 2773: 2769: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2752: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2737: 2735: 2722: 2717: 2715: 2710: 2708: 2703: 2702: 2700: 2699: 2693: 2686: 2677: 2676:the Holy Belt 2668: 2660: 2655: 2654: 2651: 2647: 2646: 2642: 2641:Gates of Homs 2632: 2631:to the east. 2630: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2599:to the west, 2598: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2545: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2526:Syrian Desert 2523: 2519: 2518:Mount Lebanon 2515: 2511: 2510:Orontes River 2507: 2498: 2489: 2487: 2482: 2479: 2469: 2467: 2463: 2458: 2449: 2442: 2437: 2433: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2380:. During the 2379: 2378:Allied forces 2375: 2371: 2358: 2354: 2349: 2340: 2338: 2334: 2329: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2304: 2300: 2297: 2296:Ibrahim Pasha 2293: 2288: 2286: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2260: 2255: 2251: 2250: 2241: 2236: 2232: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2177: 2171: 2170:Ottoman Syria 2161: 2159: 2154: 2150: 2145: 2140: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2121:Mongol Empire 2114: 2110: 2106: 2101: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2081: 2076: 2071: 2067: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2039: 2034: 2030: 2025: 2020: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1985:First Crusade 1980: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1958: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1924: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1909: 1906: 1902: 1897: 1892: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1865: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1854:al-Mutawakkil 1851: 1846: 1839: 1834: 1830: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1815: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1788: 1786: 1782: 1781:Abd al-Rahman 1777: 1771: 1765:اَلصَّحَابَةُ 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1749:Friday mosque 1745: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1722: 1720: 1716: 1715:Syrian Desert 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1695:Bilad al-Sham 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1675:Rashidun army 1671: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1630:Prior to the 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1593: 1591: 1587: 1582: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1540: 1535: 1529: 1528:Louvre Museum 1524: 1520: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1489: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1462: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1410: 1407: 1406:Roman usurper 1402: 1394: 1390: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1371:King Sohaemus 1368: 1364: 1360: 1359:Iamblichus II 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1335:Julius Caesar 1332: 1325: 1321: 1316: 1309: 1305: 1300: 1296: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1201: 1196: 1192: 1187: 1183: 1176: 1166: 1164: 1160: 1159:Orontes River 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1109: 1099: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1058: 1056: 1052: 1041: 1036: 1030: 1021: 1016: 1010: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 985: 980: 978: 974: 970: 966: 962: 958: 953: 951: 947: 943: 940: 936: 932: 928: 918: 916: 915:Siege of Homs 912: 908: 904: 900: 895: 891: 887: 883: 879: 875: 871: 866: 864: 860: 856: 853:Muslims, and 852: 848: 844: 840: 836: 831: 829: 828:Orontes River 825: 821: 817: 813: 808: 802: 793: 792:Ancient Greek 789: 788: 779: 752: 748: 743: 739: 729: 724: 719: 714: 706: 702: 701: 694: 693: 686: 685: 677: 626: 620: 619: 611: 590: 584: 576: 573: 571: 567: 563: 561: 557: 554:City code: 31 551: 549: 545: 541: 537: 534: 530: 524: 520: 516: 513: 511: 507: 503: 502: 495: 486: 478: 476: 472: 468: 464: 459: 455: 451: 447: 443: 439: 435: 431: 427: 422: 418: 414: 410: 408: 405: • 403: 398: 395: 391: 389:First settled 387: 383: 381: 377: 374: 373:Homs District 371: 369: 365: 362: 359: 357: 353: 350: 339: 335: 330: 302:Coordinates: 300: 271: 238: 205: 195: 184: 172: 152: 145: 140: 136: 132: 128: 114: 107: 96: 85: 74: 67: 57: 51: 47: 45: 37: 33: 19: 13230: 13147: 13143:Dura-Europos 13103:: Heliopolis 12996:modern names 12944:Dura-Europos 12584:Ancient Rome 12455:Ain al-Raheb 12450:Ain al-Barda 12445:Amar al-Husn 12437: 12415:al-Shuwayhid 12350:Ain al-Ghara 12345:Ain al-Ajouz 12332: 12305:Tell al-Safa 12295:Qaz al-Khass 12255:al-Malikiyah 12217: 12085:Burj al-Arab 12060:Ayn al-Sawda 12036: 12035: 11965: 11948:Rasm al-Abid 11924: 11923: 11876:Umm Sharshuh 11866:Tell Jayurin 11818: 11796:al-Waza'iyah 11781:al-Qunaytrat 11712: 11711: 11634:al-Sawadiyah 11594:al-Nizariyah 11584:al-Nahariyah 11519:al-Fadeliyah 11459:al-Aqrabiyah 11445: 11444: 11376:Tall al-Qata 11298: 11276:Umm Tuwaynah 11251:Tell al-Ward 11241:Tell al-Ghar 11236:Shawkatliyah 11157: 11156: 10991: 10969:Uyun al-Wadi 10914:al-Diyabiyah 10896: 10871: 10796: 10773:Al-Qaryatayn 10771: 10739:al-Qanaqiyah 10721: 10691: 10674:Zawr Baqraya 10654:Umm Haratayn 10649:Umm al-Qasab 10644:Umm al-'Adam 10573:Marj al-Qata 10495: 10445: 10423:al-Sabuniyah 10385: 10358:al-Mushrifah 10353:al-Jabiriyah 10317:Ayn al-Niser 10315: 10307:Ayn al-Niser 10278:Tell al-Shur 10273:Tell al-Naqa 10173:Hubub al-Rih 10135: 10134: 10133: 10037:Wadi al-Oyun 9877:al-Shaddadah 9762:al-Qaryatayn 9712:al-Mushannaf 9512:al-Jawadiyah 9492:al-Janudiyah 9472:Ibbin Samaan 9417:al-Hamidiyah 9307:Bir al-Helou 9292:Barri Sharqi 9262:Ayn al-Fijah 9188:Sub-district 9103:Ra's al-'Ayn 9033:al-Malikiyah 8869: 8776: 8719:. 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Retrieved 4943: 4936: 4927: 4915:. Retrieved 4911:the original 4907:Syria Direct 4906: 4897: 4885:. Retrieved 4881:the original 4876: 4867: 4862:2004 census. 4858: 4846:. Retrieved 4842:the original 4817:. Retrieved 4808: 4798: 4790:the original 4778: 4769: 4757:. Retrieved 4750: 4730:the original 4718: 4698: 4686:. Retrieved 4682:the original 4671: 4662: 4650:. Retrieved 4643: 4634: 4622:. Retrieved 4611: 4602: 4590:. Retrieved 4581: 4557:. Retrieved 4553: 4543: 4531: 4508: 4501: 4497: 4492: 4488: 4484: 4479: 4472: 4464: 4459: 4450: 4365: 4340: 4321: 4309: 4304: 4298: 4280: 4228: 4197: 4153:Saudi Arabia 4133: 4119: 4100: 4093: 4078: 4058: 4054:city council 4043: 4031: 3983: 3963:Hebrew Bible 3932: 3919: 3913: 3897: 3887: 3859: 3841: 3831: 3826: 3819:Jazar Mahshi 3818: 3812: 3808: 3802: 3799:baba ghanouj 3797:, a type of 3794: 3788: 3734: 3727: 3707: 3691:Persian Gulf 3659: 3652: 3626: 3599: 3560: 3543: 3414:12th century 3339:Demographics 3068:mm (inches) 2796: 2791: 2781: 2760:Deir Baalbah 2753: 2738: 2730: 2649: 2648:Old City of 2621:al-Mishirfeh 2546: 2503: 2483: 2475: 2472:21st century 2454: 2426:coup d'états 2417: 2367: 2364:20th century 2324: 2289: 2284: 2274:. Later, a 2272:Beqaa valley 2257: 2247: 2245: 2188: 2173: 2164:Ottoman rule 2141: 2118: 2112: 2108: 2092: 2088: 2078: 2037: 2021: 1982: 1947:Sunni Muslim 1925: 1910: 1893: 1866: 1843:In 750, the 1842: 1816: 1812:mashhad 'Ali 1811: 1789: 1746: 1723: 1672: 1629: 1583: 1555:Christianity 1544: 1490: 1461:ius Italicum 1459: 1458:and granted 1446:50.15.8.6), 1443: 1435: 1413: 1367:Beqaa Valley 1331:Iamblichus I 1328: 1304:Emesa helmet 1245:Bekaa Valley 1241:client kings 1217:Henri Seyrig 1198: 1189: 1151:Muwatalli II 1123:Hamath-zobah 1112: 1095: 1084:René Dussaud 1075: 1067: 1059: 1050: 1039: 995: 992:Hamath-zobah 987: 983: 981: 972: 968: 964: 960: 956: 954: 949: 945: 941: 934: 924: 882:Christianity 867: 832: 750: 737: 582: 581: 548:Area code(s) 171:Ibn Al-Walid 169:The city of 151:black stones 50: 43: 13025:: Ptolemais 12719:Mogontiacum 12652:Roman Dacia 12614:Camulodunum 12510:al-Mishtaya 12505:Mashta Azar 12431:Subdistrict 12410:Qal al-Saqa 12326:Subdistrict 12211:Subdistrict 12190:Tell Sarrin 12100:Hajar Abyad 12050:al-Amariyah 12029:Subdistrict 11993:al-Tuwaynat 11959:Subdistrict 11917:Subdistrict 11851:al-Qanniyah 11812:Subdistrict 11721:Abu Hamamah 11705:Subdistrict 11639:al-Shayahat 11599:al-Qurniyah 11574:al-Masriyah 11438:Subdistrict 11326:Ghuzayliyah 11292:Subdistrict 11256:Umm al-Amad 11246:Tell Shinan 11211:al-Junaynat 11181:Bab al-Hawa 11150:Subdistrict 11039:al-Humaymah 10985:Subdistrict 10944:al-Mahfurah 10890:Subdistrict 10865:Subdistrict 10814:al-Aziziyah 10790:Subdistrict 10765:Subdistrict 10715:Subdistrict 10699:al-Ghunthir 10685:Subdistrict 10523:al-Faysiyah 10489:Subdistrict 10473:al-Ma'murah 10439:Subdistrict 10418:al-Nasriyah 10408:Jabab Hamad 10379:Subdistrict 10309:Subdistrict 10263:Teir Maalah 10183:al-Hurriyah 10127:Subdistrict 10007:Tell Salhab 10002:Tell Rifaat 9802:al-Ruhaybah 9687:al-Masmiyah 9662:al-Mansurah 9522:Jubb Ramlah 9502:al-Jarniyah 9382:al-Ghariyah 9352:Deir Atiyah 9277:Ayn al-Nasr 9267:Ayn Halaqim 9133:al-Sanamayn 9098:al-Qutayfah 8953:Ayn al-Arab 8895:Rif Dimashq 8855:Deir ez-Zor 8831:Governorate 8768:(in Arabic) 8744:Homs Online 7670:(in French) 7534:parsine.com 7466:17 February 7345:26 February 7319:26 February 7293:26 February 7267:26 February 7195:28 February 7173:28 February 7085:27 February 7075:"Al-Wathba" 7050:27 February 6991:17 February 6961:17 February 6828:28 February 6802:26 February 6755:26 February 6691:11 February 6584:28 December 6543:(in Arabic) 6394:26 February 6359:26 February 6314:28 February 6101:p. 101-102. 6013:28 February 5819:Romane 2015 5455:Sartre 2001 5443:Millar 1993 5419:Seyrig 1952 5403:Edwell 2008 5391:Seyrig 1952 5379:Seyrig 1952 5321:Seyrig 1952 5309:Seyrig 1952 5297:Seyrig 1952 5144:9 September 5114:glosbe.com. 4848:26 February 4819:26 February 4554:almaany.com 4091:" in 1887. 3988:clubs. The 3945:held their 3866:shish kebab 3838:Arabic food 3765:Safir Hotel 3723:Iran Khodro 3679:sugar beets 3627:During the 3622:Protestants 3565:(including 3409:Population 3232:Mean daily 3185:Mean daily 2782:Homs has a 2667:Saint Elian 2609:Teir Maalah 2573:al-Nuqayrah 2422:Syrian Army 2357:James McBey 2339:of Syria." 2087:, NAF 886, 1899:geographer 1792:First Fitna 1790:During the 1785:Ubayd Allah 1662:during the 1584:During the 1486:Elagabalium 1347:Mark Antony 1175:Emesa (bug) 1143:Ramesses II 1076:la Chamelle 888:. Homs was 833:Before the 380:Subdistrict 356:Governorate 324: / 289:Homs (Asia) 164:الْعَذِيَّة 13237:Categories 13218:See also: 13193:: Seleucia 13156:: Laodicea 13042:: Neronias 12889:Heliopolis 12793:Singidunum 12770:Mediolanum 12439:Al-Nasirah 12390:al-Mazraah 12245:Dardariyah 12185:Tell Hawsh 12115:Jaafariyat 12110:Hasrajiyah 12080:Bayt Qarin 11967:Al-Sukhnah 11943:al-Bi'arat 11871:al-Thawrah 11751:Izz al-Din 11659:Wadi Hanna 11569:Kafr Mousa 11554:Husseiniya 11479:Burhaniyah 11391:Umm al-Rif 11231:al-Sankari 11206:Jubb Abbas 11186:al-Batamah 11089:Tell Dahab 11029:al-Hashmah 10754:al-Shinyah 10749:Sharqliyya 10614:Ram al-Anz 10568:Marj Bulad 10348:Humaydiyah 10268:Tell Ahmar 10238:al-Naqirah 10153:Ashrafiyah 10052:az-Ziyarah 10012:Tell Tamer 9997:Tell Hamis 9982:al-Tamanah 9962:al-Sukhnah 9882:al-Shajara 9827:al-Sabkhah 9767:al-Qurayya 9727:al-Nasirah 9657:al-Malihah 9577:al-Khafsah 9562:al-Karamah 9542:Kafr Batna 9432:Harbnafsah 9337:Darat Izza 9247:al-Asharah 9232:al-Arishah 9197:Abu Qilqil 9168:al-Thawrah 9163:Tell Abyad 8978:Dayr Hafir 8900:as-Suwayda 8865:al-Hasakah 8603:. p. 8573:Géographie 8495:9 November 8174:Gil, Moshe 7586:. Leiden: 7309:"Overview" 7227:3 December 7147:2 November 7115:16 January 6926:3 December 6610:9 February 6570:UN–Habitat 6464:15 October 6304:"Overview" 6183:3 December 5979:14 October 5914:Lewis 2017 5902:Lewis 2017 5795:al-Maqdisi 5753:Ibn Jubair 5708:13 October 5512:Herodian, 5405:, p. 5356:, p. 5354:Bryce 2014 5333:Abdulkarim 4965:14 October 4917:16 January 4887:3 December 4559:24 October 4524:References 4493:Palmyrenos 4185:microbuses 4040:Government 3998:Syrian Cup 3990:Al-Karamah 3943:Elagabalus 3710:phosphates 3387:Christians 2768:green belt 2756:Al-Bayadah 2639:See also: 2343:Modern era 2337:Manchester 2168:See also: 2149:Ibn Batuta 2017:Nur al-Din 1932:Banu Kilab 1905:al-Maqdisi 1901:al-Mas'udi 1885:Qarmatians 1819:Shia Islam 1618:Ikhshidids 1590:Shahrbaraz 1515:, Emperor 1484:), to the 1474:Elagabalus 1452:Elagabalus 1424:mint coins 1416:city-state 1363:Heliopolis 1339:Alexandria 1221:Posidonius 1180:See also: 1115:hinterland 1074:, and as " 1046:; Syriac: 886:Byzantines 884:under the 861:castle, a 855:Christians 461:Population 400:Government 312:36°42′34″E 309:34°43′51″N 188:دار السلام 13187:: Antioch 13168:: Palmyra 13097:: Berytus 13017:Jerusalem 12853:Ptolemais 12775:Placentia 12765:Florentia 12624:Londinium 12515:Qalatiyah 12500:Marmarita 12480:Jankamrah 12475:Habnamrah 12385:Juwaniyat 12334:Al-Hawash 12315:Umm Jamah 12300:Rihaniyah 12285:Na'isiyah 12280:Marasiyah 12275:Lawaybdah 12230:Barudiyah 12175:Sindiyana 12170:Shamsiyah 12155:al-Shabaq 12095:Dabousieh 12038:Talkalakh 12027:Talkalakh 11988:al-Taybah 11836:al-Ghantu 11771:al-Manara 11746:Gharnatah 11714:Al-Rastan 11609:al-Sakher 11559:Jubaniyah 11514:Diyabiyah 11489:al-Dabaah 11447:Al-Qusayr 11393:(al-Rish) 11346:Mughayzil 11341:Masudiyah 11306:Abu Qatur 11261:Umm Jabab 11201:al-Haraki 11148:Mukharram 11049:Kafr Laha 11009:Burj Qa'i 10954:Muta'arid 10929:al-Jabbat 10849:al-Rawdah 10844:al-Nuzhah 10839:al-Manzul 10834:al-Madaba 10824:al-Hamrat 10819:Dardaghan 10798:Al-Riqama 10763:Qaryatayn 10619:Ram Jabal 10609:al-Rabwah 10584:al-Mazraa 10578:Mashahdah 10528:Ghuzaylah 10468:al-Kashaf 10428:al-Sayyid 10398:al-Hazzah 10253:al-Riyadh 10248:al-Rayyan 10233:al-Najmah 10208:Kafr Abed 10168:Fairouzeh 10047:al-Zirbah 10027:Uqayribat 9797:al-Riqama 9742:al-Qadmus 9692:al-Mazraa 9617:al-Kiswah 9567:al-Kasrah 9557:Kafr Zita 9547:Kafr Nabl 9467:al-Huwash 9422:al-Hamraa 9377:Ghandoura 9372:Ghabaghib 9362:al-Dumayr 9297:Beit Jinn 9227:al-Ariqah 9153:Talkalakh 9123:Salamiyah 9113:as-Safira 9108:al-Rastan 9093:al-Qusayr 9018:Jarabulus 8998:al-Haffah 8988:Duraykish 8933:Abu Kamal 8750:Emesa-net 8721:2 October 8684:2 October 8647:2 October 8584:2 October 8561:2 October 8528:2 October 8510:. BRILL. 8447:2 October 8410:2 October 8350:2 October 8200:2 October 8163:2 October 8110:2 October 8062:2 October 8001:2 October 7978:2 October 7898:2 October 7871:2 October 7833:2 October 7799:2 October 7765:2 October 7732:2 October 7722:458398245 7456:162137882 7442:: 39–58. 7105:esyria.sy 6173:All Refer 6144:2 October 6089:. Brill. 6075:pp. 48-51 5941:Lock 2006 5878:Lock 2006 5679:9 October 5431:Chad 1972 4712:(US) and 4624:15 August 4332:Christian 4247:Landmarks 4161:Minibuses 4064:Education 4006:Al-Wathba 3947:liturgies 3935:Wednesday 3910:Festivals 3761:Marmarita 3757:Talkalakh 3719:Brazilian 3633:Armenians 3614:Assyrians 3587:Assyrians 2674:Church of 2665:Church of 2625:Fairouzeh 2605:al-Ghantu 2585:al-Qusayr 2565:al-Rayyan 2530:Lake Homs 2492:Geography 2201:olive oil 2024:al-Idrisi 1957:in 1090. 1928:Mirdasids 1896:al-Yaqubi 1881:Hamdanids 1827:Marwan II 1776:al-ṣaḥāba 1770:romanized 1730:Circesium 1691:Jund Hims 1677:, led by 1666:(now the 1652:Heraclius 1648:Byzantine 1640:Banu Kalb 1602:Caliphate 1488:in Rome. 1448:Caracalla 1389:(78–79). 1355:Alexander 1289:Epiphania 1261:Palmyrene 1257:al-Rastan 1200:Geography 1088:Crusaders 1086:) by the 1042:(Hebrew: 1029:romanized 1009:romanized 921:Etymology 870:Seleucids 801:romanized 510:Time zone 494:romanized 479:English: 453:Elevation 13191:Samandağ 13138:Damascus 13134:: Bostra 13072:: Gerasa 13066:: Gadara 13064:Umm Qais 12985:Neronias 12934:Neapolis 12899:Damascus 12879:Seleucia 12869:Laodicea 12729:Hispania 12678:Lugdunum 12642:Eboracum 12580:Colonies 12530:Zweitina 12525:Tannurin 12520:Qurb Ali 12395:Mizyeneh 12250:Haratayn 12200:Zanbiyah 12195:al-Zarah 12150:Qumayrah 12145:Qurayyat 12130:Masyadah 11983:al-Kadir 11938:al-Bayda 11861:al-Sabil 11826:Deir Ful 11820:Talbiseh 11810:Talbiseh 11801:Zamaymer 11761:Kafr Nan 11726:Asiliyah 11649:Shinshar 11629:Saqrajah 11534:al-Hawik 11529:al-Hamam 11454:Abu Juri 11336:Masaadah 11069:Mujaydil 11064:Maryamin 11054:Kafr Ram 10939:Juwaykat 10879:al-Hafar 10704:Huwwarin 10639:Tannunah 10558:Kunaysah 10513:Bataysah 10508:Balqasah 10298:Zhuriyah 10243:Qattinah 10218:Maskanah 10213:Kafr Aya 10148:Abu Dali 9972:Talbiseh 9967:al-Tabni 9957:al-Susah 9947:al-Suwar 9927:Sirghaya 9842:Saidnaya 9817:Sabburah 9772:Qurqania 9717:Muzayrib 9697:Muhambal 9682:Maskanah 9637:Maaloula 9627:Maabatli 9602:Khanaser 9527:Jindires 9497:Jaramana 9487:al-Jalaa 9462:Huraytan 9442:al-Hirak 9407:al-Hajib 9392:al-Hader 9357:al-Dimas 9322:Busayrah 9272:Ayn Issa 9207:Akhtarin 9178:Zabadani 9073:Qamishli 8924:District 8885:Quneitra 8845:Damascus 8761:Archived 8715:Archived 8678:Archived 8641:Archived 8578:Archived 8555:Archived 8522:Archived 8489:Archived 8441:Archived 8423:(2001). 8404:Archived 8362:(1993). 8344:Archived 8194:Archived 8176:(1997). 8157:Archived 8104:Archived 8056:Archived 7995:Archived 7972:Archived 7892:Archived 7865:Archived 7827:Archived 7793:Archived 7759:Archived 7726:Archived 7706:syriens" 7627:(1952). 7565:(1911). 7538:Archived 7490:Archived 7261:Archived 6911:متحف حمص 6725:, p. 178 6717:(1985), 6685:Archived 6683:. 2009. 6639:Archived 6279:Archived 6252:Archived 6216:Archived 6138:Archived 6063:Archived 6007:Archived 5973:Archived 5965:(2011). 5726:(1980). 5702:Archived 5673:Archived 5564:Archived 5521:Archived 5214:(2007). 5108:Archived 5049:Archived 5014:Archived 4959:Archived 4813:Archived 4759:19 April 4706:Archived 4688:19 April 4652:19 April 4618:Archived 4586:Archived 4489:Hadriano 4465:skénitai 4415:See also 4397:, Turkey 4384:, Brazil 4366:Homs is 4287:churches 4081:American 4028:Theaters 3986:football 3843:shawarma 3745:red wine 3608:, 1.327 3579:Alawites 3529:775,404 3521:544,428 3513:806,625 3505:823,000 3497:750,000 3489:652,609 3481:540,133 3473:346,871 3465:306,000 3457:136,000 3441:~65,000 3279:Average 3133:(16.89) 3064:Average 2764:Baba Amr 2617:Talbiseh 2589:Qattinah 2581:Kafr Aya 2569:Maskanah 2549:Damascus 2522:Homs Gap 2414:Alawites 2370:captured 2285:çöl beyi 2211:, while 2197:Istanbul 2123:and the 2111:No. 31, 2091:No. 27, 2001:Damascus 1975:Ayyubids 1889:Alptakin 1873:Tulunids 1804:Mu'awiya 1650:emperor 1622:Fatimids 1579:Nemesius 1547:Eusebius 1517:Aurelian 1509:Damascus 1478:El-Gebal 1470:Macrinus 1365:and the 1351:Octavian 1195:Arethusa 1145:and the 1096:Historia 961:Emesenoi 907:Baathist 899:Ottomans 894:district 878:El-Gabal 843:Damascus 824:Damascus 475:Demonyms 407:Governor 368:District 13185:Antakya 13154:Latakia 13150:: Emesa 13115:: Tyrus 13109:: Sidon 13101:Baalbek 13081:Lebanon 13006:and the 12965:Ascalon 12919:Sebaste 12894:Palmyra 12874:Antioch 12838:Berytus 12470:Daghlah 12460:Bahzina 12429:Nasirah 12370:al-Husn 12290:Na'urah 12265:Khansaa 12240:Baznaya 12219:Hadidah 12209:Hadidah 12180:Samikah 12165:Shalluh 12120:Kafrish 11978:al-Kawm 11957:Sukhnah 11589:al-Naim 11549:al-Houz 11474:Baluzah 11381:Tarfawi 11216:Khilfah 11079:Samalil 11059:Mahnaya 11044:Jurnaya 11019:Hadatha 10964:Suwayri 10949:Muranah 10934:Jablaya 10919:Hadiyah 10854:Shayrat 10723:Al-Qabu 10629:Shalluh 10594:Nuwayha 10563:Liftaya 10478:Shamsin 10403:Hulayah 10387:Furqlus 10377:Furqlus 10368:Waridah 10363:Talamri 10188:Jawalik 10163:Fahilah 9932:Slinfah 9897:Shathah 9892:Sharran 9852:Saraqib 9837:Sahnaya 9807:al-Saan 9702:Muhasan 9672:Markada 9587:Khasham 9537:al-Qabu 9532:al-Jiza 9457:al-Hawl 9427:Harasta 9397:Hadidah 9367:Furqlus 9342:Darkush 9332:al-Dana 9302:Binnish 9282:Babbila 9237:Armanaz 9190:centres 9173:Yabroud 9158:al-Tall 9128:Salkhad 9088:Qudsaya 9078:Qardaha 9068:Palmyra 9063:an-Nabk 9053:Mhardeh 9048:Mayadin 8973:Darayya 8968:Baniyas 8926:centres 8880:Latakia 8833:centres 7653:4390311 7556:Sources 6432:16 July 6285:21 June 6069:9 March 5669:Waqfeya 4805:"Emesa" 4775:"Emesa" 4502:ṃesenos 4395:Kayseri 4368:twinned 4355:Baybars 4283:mosques 4240:Tripoli 4212:Latakia 4200:railway 4177:Baalbek 4169:Palmyra 4145:Lebanon 3961:in the 3916:Palmyra 3894:Baibars 3876:Museums 3870:hookahs 3856:falafel 3795:Batarsh 3777:Cuisine 3772:Culture 3737:liqueur 3675:lentils 3662:Ottoman 3643:Economy 3575:Turkmen 3449:65,000 3425:~2,000 3417:~7,000 3391: 3378: 3374:Alawite 3365: 3140:(≥ 1mm) 3128:(3.18) 3123:(1.89) 3118:(0.83) 3113:(0.09) 3103:(0.01) 3098:(0.10) 3093:(0.51) 3088:(1.31) 3083:(2.22) 3078:(3.01) 3073:(3.74) 3059:(51.8) 3054:(38.8) 3049:(44.6) 3044:(54.9) 3039:(63.5) 3034:(68.2) 3029:(67.6) 3024:(62.8) 3019:(55.4) 3014:(48.6) 3009:(42.1) 3004:(37.9) 2999:(37.0) 2989:(62.6) 2984:(46.8) 2979:(55.6) 2974:(67.6) 2969:(75.9) 2964:(79.7) 2959:(79.0) 2954:(75.2) 2949:(68.0) 2944:(59.7) 2939:(52.0) 2934:(46.8) 2929:(44.6) 2919:(73.2) 2914:(54.5) 2909:(66.4) 2904:(80.4) 2899:(88.3) 2894:(91.0) 2889:(90.1) 2884:(87.4) 2879:(80.6) 2874:(70.9) 2869:(61.9) 2864:(55.4) 2859:(52.0) 2778:Climate 2745:Turkmen 2741:Palmyra 2685:Citadel 2561:Latakia 2486:al-Waer 2376:of the 2372:by the 2294:led by 2264:Tripoli 2158:Bedouin 2144:Baibars 2125:Mamluks 2043:Saladin 2013:Zangids 2011:-based 1989:Antioch 1930:of the 1879:-based 1871:-based 1772:: 1713:in the 1711:Palmyra 1699:Latakia 1567:diocese 1513:Zenobia 1493:Palmyra 1464:to it; 1456:colonia 1285:Silanus 1273:Hadrian 1249:Palmyra 1231:to the 1197:in his 1163:chariot 1157:on the 1102:History 1031:: 1011:: 851:Alawite 803:: 570:Climate 560:Geocode 496:: 469:775,404 337:Country 13177:Turkey 13166:Tadmur 13160:Shahba 13095:Beirut 13070:Jerash 13051:Jordan 13040:Banias 13004:Israel 12975:Gadara 12970:Gerasa 12924:Bostra 12823:Levant 12785:Moesia 12747:Italia 12598:Europe 12420:Tallah 12405:Muqlus 12355:Ballat 12324:Hawash 12140:Qanuta 12135:Naarah 12075:Baruha 12055:Aridah 12045:Akkari 11926:Tadmur 11915:Tadmur 11791:Tasnin 11786:Sulaym 11766:Kissin 11756:Hameis 11736:Dalfin 11731:Ballan 11703:Rastan 11664:Zira'a 11604:Rablah 11509:Dibbin 11464:Arjoun 11436:Qusayr 11371:Taladi 11099:Zaybaq 11084:Sinsil 11034:Haysah 11024:Harqal 11004:Arqaya 10993:Taldou 10983:Taldou 10909:Bahhur 10788:Riqama 10624:Sannun 10599:Qazhal 10463:Jandar 10453:Bureij 10447:Hisyah 10437:Hisyah 10343:Burzah 10293:Zaidal 10258:Sakrah 10193:Jawbar 10178:Halmuz 10022:Thiban 9977:Taldou 9922:Sinjar 9887:Shaqqa 9867:Sawran 9862:Sarrin 9857:Sarmin 9847:Salqin 9812:Saasaa 9792:al-Rai 9782:Rankus 9642:Madaya 9632:Maadan 9592:Kirnaz 9572:Kessab 9482:Jayrud 9452:Hisyah 9317:Bulbul 9217:Arbeen 9138:Shahba 9118:Safita 9083:Qatana 9043:Masyaf 9038:Manbij 9013:Jableh 8963:al-Bab 8948:Atarib 8943:Arihah 8905:Tartus 8840:Aleppo 8707: 8670: 8633: 8611: 8547: 8514: 8471: 8433: 8396: 8374: 8336: 8315: 8296: 8276: 8239: 8218: 8186: 8149: 8128: 8096: 8048: 8027: 7964: 7943: 7916: 7857: 7819: 7785: 7751: 7720: 7704:Numeri 7651: 7613: 7594: 7496:23 May 7454: 7432:Levant 6673:"Ḥimṣ" 6384:"Homs" 6130: 6093: 6055: 5736: 5593: 5226: 5055:25 May 5020:25 May 5006: 4951: 4780:Lexico 4747:"Homs" 4720:Lexico 4715:"Homs" 4703:"Homs" 4668:"Homs" 4640:"Homs" 4410:, Iran 4370:with: 4295:French 4181:Beirut 4171:, and 4165:Tartus 4157:Turkey 4149:Jordan 4141:Beirut 3969:Sports 3920:Badiya 3890:Mamluk 3852:hummus 3814:kibbeh 3804:tahini 3730:Hisyah 3685:, and 3683:cotton 3671:barley 3620:and 6 3618:Latins 3616:, 751 3612:, 774 3595:Mardin 3573:, and 3108:(0.0) 2810:Month 2629:Zaidal 2553:Aleppo 2538:Aleppo 2457:Kirkuk 2443:(1940) 2398:revolt 2328:cotton 2280:Volney 2276:French 2259:eyalet 2249:sanjak 2229:camels 2213:grapes 2209:sesame 2193:muslin 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