Hillsborough disaster

569:, with a combined capacity of 29,800 spectators, reached by 60 turnstiles spaced along the south and east sides of the ground. Liverpool were allocated the North Stand and West Stand, with a combined capacity of 24,256 spectators, reached by 23 turnstiles from a narrow concourse off Leppings Lane. Ten turnstiles (numbered 1 to 10) provided access to 9,700 seats in the North Stand, six turnstiles (numbered 11 to 16) provided access to 4,456 seats in the upper tier of the West Stand, and a further seven turnstiles (lettered A to G) gave access to 10,100 standing places in the lower tier of the West Stand. Although a greater number of Liverpool supporters were expected to attend the match, Nottingham had been allocated the larger spectator area, to avoid the approach routes of rival fans crossing. As a result of the stadium layout and the segregation policy, the additional turnstiles that would normally have allowed access to the North Stand from the east were not being used, and the Liverpool fans were forced to converge on the single entrance at Leppings Lane. On the day of the match, radio and television broadcasters were advising anyone without a ticket not to attend. Rather than establishing crowd safety as their top priority, the clubs, local authorities and police viewed their roles and responsibilities through the 'lens of hooliganism'. 3132:

Union—and an excessive predilection for welfarism have created a peculiar, and deeply unattractive, psyche among many Liverpudlians. They see themselves whenever possible as victims, and resent their victim status; yet at the same time they wallow in it. Part of this flawed psychological state is that they cannot accept that they might have made any contribution to their misfortunes, but seek rather to blame someone else for it, thereby deepening their sense of shared tribal grievance against the rest of society. The deaths of more than 50 Liverpool football supporters at Hillsborough in 1989 was undeniably a greater tragedy than the single death, however horrible, of Mr Bigley; but that is no excuse for Liverpool's failure to acknowledge, even to this day, the part played in the disaster by drunken fans at the back of the crowd who mindlessly tried to fight their way into the ground that Saturday afternoon. The police became a convenient scapegoat, and the

408: 1741:, made a statement to Parliament which included the verdicts of the jury to the fourteen questions they had been asked regarding the roles of South Yorkshire police, the South Yorkshire Metropolitan Ambulance Service, Sheffield Wednesday football club and Hillsborough stadium's engineers and two specific questions specific relating to the time and cause of death for each of the dead. In addition to the "unlawful killing" verdict, the jury concluded that "errors or omissions" by police commanding officers, Sheffield Wednesday, the ambulance service and the design and certification of the stadium had all "caused or contributed" to the deaths, but that the behaviour of football supporters had not. In all but one case, the jury recorded the time of death as later than the 3:15 pm cut-off point adopted by the coroner at the original inquests. 2245: 2292: 1445:. The appointment of Stuart-Smith was not without controversy. At a meeting in Liverpool with relatives of those involved in Hillsborough in October 1997, he flippantly remarked "Have you got a few of your people or are they like the Liverpool fans, turn up at the last minute?" He later apologised for his remark, saying it was not intended to offend. The terms of reference of his inquiry were limited to "new evidence", that is "...evidence which was not available or was not presented to the previous inquiries, courts or authorities." Therefore, evidence such as witness statements which had been altered were classed as 2208: 2893:

in the stadium. I had absolutely no reason to believe that these authority figures would lie and deceive over such a disaster. As the prime minister has made clear, these allegations were wholly untrue and were part of a concerted plot by police officers to discredit the supporters thereby shifting the blame for the tragedy from themselves. It has taken more than two decades, 400,000 documents and a two-year inquiry to discover to my horror that it would have been far more accurate had I written the headline The Lies rather than The Truth. I published in good faith and I am sorry that it was so wrong.

3362:, former press secretary to former Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, caused controversy with his comments about the disaster. In a letter addressed to a victim's parent, Ingham wrote that the disaster was caused by "tanked up yobs". In another letter written to a Liverpool supporter, also written in 1996, Ingham remarked that people should "shut up about Hillsborough". On the day of the inquest verdict, Ingham refused to apologise or respond to the previous comments he made, telling a reporter, "I have nothing to say." There have since been calls to have Ingham stripped of his knighthood. 659:, who stopped the match at 3:05:30. At this point, people were climbing the fence at the front of the pens in an effort to escape the crush and get to the pitchside. A small gate in the fence had been forced open and some fans managed to escape via this route, while others continued to climb over the fencing. Some were pulled to safety by people at the front of the upper tier of the West Stand above the Leppings Lane terrace. The intensity of the crush broke more crush barriers on the terrace. Holes were made in the perimeter fencing by fans desperately attempting to rescue others. 1454:

I do not consider that there is any material which should be put before the Director of Public Prosecutions or the Police Complaints Authority which might cause them to reconsider the decisions they have already taken. Nor do I consider that there is any justification for setting up any further inquiry into the performance of the emergency and hospital services. I have considered the circumstances in which alterations were made to some of the self-written statements of South Yorkshire Police officers, but I do not consider that there is any occasion for any further investigation.

607:. People presenting tickets at the wrong turnstiles, and those who had been refused entry, were blocked from leaving because of the crowd behind them and remained as an obstruction. Fans outside the ground could hear cheering as the teams came onto the pitch ten minutes before the start of the match, and as the match kicked off, but could not gain entrance. A police constable radioed control requesting that the game be delayed, as had happened in 1987, to ensure the safe passage of supporters into the ground, but the request to delay the kick-off by 20 minutes was declined. 49: 1374: 1959:

already crowded terraces at the stadium. Jones stated that minutes after the disaster, Duckenfield "deceitfully and dishonestly" told senior FA officials that the supporters had forced the gate open. Duckenfield admitted that he had lied in certain statements regarding the causes of the disaster. The prosecution ended on 24 July 2000, when Murray was acquitted and the jury was unable to reach a verdict in the case of Duckenfield. On 26 July, the judge refused the prosecution's application for a retrial of Duckenfield.

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threatened. This was unlikely at the beginning of a match. It became still less likely when those on the track made no move towards the pitch. ... here was no effective leadership either from control or on the pitch to harness and organise rescue efforts. No orders were given for officers to enter the tunnel and relieve pressure". Further that: "The anxiety to protect the sanctity of the pitch has caused insufficient attention to be paid to the risk of a crush due to overcrowding".

2362: 1859: 989: 14295: 14541: 14553: 553: 495:, a crush occurred at the Leppings Lane end of the ground after hundreds more spectators were permitted to enter the terrace than could safely be accommodated, resulting in 38 injuries, including broken arms, legs and ribs. Police believed there would have been a real chance of fatalities had swift action not been taken, and recommended that the club reduce its capacity. In a post-match briefing to discuss the incident, Sheffield Wednesday chairman 463:, a guide to safety at sports grounds, the consequences were minor. It emphasised the general situation at Hillsborough was satisfactory compared with most grounds. Sheffield Wednesday were later criticised for neglecting safety in the stadium, especially after an incident in the semi-final of the 1981 FA Cup. The Leppings Lane end of the ground did not hold a valid safety certificate at the time of the disaster; it had not been updated since 1979. 1608:

The panel concluded that "up to 41" of the 96 who had died up to that date, might have survived had the emergency services' reactions and co-ordination been better. The number is based on post-mortem examinations which found some victims may have had heart, lung or blood circulation function for some time after being removed from the crush. The report stated that placing fans who were "merely unconscious" on their backs rather than in the

14529: 29: 2668: 535:(SYP) presence at the previous year's FA Cup semi-final (also between Liverpool and Nottingham Forest and also at Hillsborough Stadium) had been overseen by Chief Superintendent Brian L. Mole. Mole had supervised numerous police deployments at the stadium in the past. In October 1988 a probationary PC in Mole's F division, South Yorkshire was handcuffed, photographed, and stripped by fellow officers in a fake robbery, as a 1005:

among whom 300 were hospitalised. The less seriously injured survivors who did not live in the Sheffield area were advised to seek treatment for their injuries at hospitals nearer to their homes. On 19 April, the death toll reached 95 when 14-year-old Lee Nicol died in hospital after being taken off life support. The death toll reached 96 in March 1993, when artificial feeding and hydration were withdrawn from 22-year-old

3410:". Among the guests were bereaved father James Delaney and his wife Eileen, who said "they didn't give the poor people who were killed any dignity ... I bent down to kiss and talk to and as we stood up there was a policeman who came from behind me ... trying to usher myself and my husband out ... I had to scream at the police officer to allow us privacy ... the total attitude was, you’ve identified number 33 so go!" 14325: 1795:

of the "highly influential" Dole lodge in Sheffield (the same lodge as Brian Mole, his predecessor). Coroner Sir John Goldring warned the jury that there was "not a shred of evidence" that any Masonic meeting actually took place, or that those named were all Freemasons, advising the jury to cast aside "gossip and hearsay". During the inquests, Duckenfield confirmed that he became a Freemason in 1975 and became

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quality of their evidence was in inverse proportion to their rank". Further stating: "South Yorkshire Police were not prepared to concede they were in any respect at fault in what occurred. ... he police case was to blame the fans for being late and drunk, and to blame the Club for failing to monitor the pens. ... Such an unrealistic approach gives cause for anxiety as to whether lessons have been learnt".

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efforts to shift blame onto fans, the role of other emergency services and the error of the first coroner's inquests. The panel's report resulted in the previous findings of accidental death being quashed, and the creation of new coroner's inquests. It also produced two criminal investigations led by police in 2012: Operation Resolve to look into the causes of the disaster, and by the

3193:) made a reference to the disaster. During the episode car mechanic Minty said: "Five years out of Europe because of Heysel, because they penned you lot in to stop you fighting on the pitch and then what did we end up with? Hillsborough." This prompted 380 complaints and the BBC apologised, saying that the character was simply reminding another character, former football hooligan 516:. The Leeds fans were assigned the Leppings Lane end for the semi-final; one fan described disorganisation at the turnstiles and no steward or police direction inside the stadium, resulting in the crowd in one enclosure becoming so compressed that he was at times unable to raise and clap his hands. Other accounts told of fans having to be pulled to safety from above. 2036:

returned with a guilty verdict against Mackrell on a health and safety charge but was unable to reach a verdict on Duckenfield. It was announced on 25 June that Duckenfield would face a retrial, which was scheduled to start on 7 October at Preston Crown Court. On 28 November 2019, Duckenfield was found not guilty of gross negligence manslaughter.

2047:. The reason given was that the public inquiry in 1990, to which the altered statements were submitted, was not a statutory inquiry, and therefore not a Court of Law. Consequently, a course of public justice could not have been perverted. The ruling also noted that the original statements had neither been destroyed, nor had they been ordered to be destroyed. 937:, met for the first time since the 1985 disaster in a game that raised £25,000 for the Hillsborough fund. By the time the appeal closed in 1990, it had raised more than £12 million. Much of the money went to victims and relatives of those involved in the disaster and provided funds for a college course to improve the hospital phase of emergency care. 3234:

no part in the terrible events of April 1989 and I apologise to Liverpool fans and the families of those killed and injured in the Hillsborough disaster if my comments caused any offence." Margaret Aspinall, chair of the Hillsborough Family Support Group, asked for a face to face meeting with Hunt before deciding if she would accept the apology.

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Order and police tactics on the day failed to provide for controlling a concentrated arrival of large numbers should that occur in a short period. That it might so occur was foreseeable". The failure by the police to give the order to direct fans to empty areas of the stadium, was described by Taylor as "a blunder of the first magnitude".

2503:, Glasgow, between the home club and Liverpool. This game was Liverpool's first appearance on the football field since the disaster two weeks earlier. The crowd numbered more than 60,000, including around 6,000 Liverpool fans, and all the match proceeds went to the Hillsborough appeal fund. Liverpool won the match by four goals to nil. 2125:, involving a concerted cover-up designed to shift blame away from the police. An agreement was reached to settle the case in April 2021, but reporting restrictions were put in place due to the pending trial of Denton, Foster and Metcalf. Following the finding that they did not have a case to answer, the restrictions were lifted. 1021:

using a touch-sensitive pad, and he had been showing signs of awareness of his surroundings for up to three years before. Devine died in 2021, as a consequence of the injuries sustained at Hillsborough, with his death being ruled by the coroner to have been an unlawful killing, raising the total death toll of the disaster to 97.

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meeting. Although Mole could have been assigned the semi-final match's planning despite his transfer, that was not done. This left planning for the semi-final match to Duckenfield, who had never commanded a sell-out football match before, and who had "very little, if any" training or personal experience in how to do so.

1723:. Transcripts of the proceedings and evidence that was produced during the hearings were published at the Hillsborough Inquests official website. On 6 April 2016, the nine jurors were sent out to consider their verdicts. These were formally given to the inquests at 11:00 on 26 April 2016. The jury returned a verdict of 2648:, which reported that the match had been cancelled as a result of a "pitch invasion in which many fans were injured". This article was presumably published before there were any reports that people had been killed. These media reports and others were examined during the 2012 Hillsborough Independent Panel report. 2747:

headlights"—as one hack described them. The error staring them in the face was too glaring. It obviously wasn't a silly mistake; nor was it a simple oversight. Nobody really had any comment on it—they just took one look and went away shaking their heads in wonder at the enormity of it. It was a 'classic smear'.

867:, who had attended the match, said the FA would conduct an inquiry into what had happened. Speaking after the disaster, Kelly backed all-seater stadiums, saying "We must move fans away from the ritual of standing on terraces". Standing on terraces and the use of perimeter fencing around the pitch, the use of 1816:, to the IPCC in mid-September. Bettison had been one of a number of police officers who were accused by the Hillsborough Independent Panel of manipulating evidence. In early October, Bettison announced his retirement, becoming the first senior figure to step down since publication of the panel's report. 1234:. Phillips stated that the exclusion of their evidence was a 'serious error of judgement' by Popper. He said that he 'could not fathom why he didn't call us, other than he specifically did not want to hear our evidence, in which case the first inquests were coloured and flawed before they even started'. 1036:, then aged 8, went on to become Liverpool F.C.'s captain. Gerrard has said the disaster inspired him to lead the team he supported as a boy and become a top professional football player. The oldest person to die at Hillsborough was 67-year-old Gerard Baron, an older brother of former Liverpool player 11776:

The jury at the inquests today delivered a set of damning verdicts placing the responsibility for the disaster directly in the hands of the police, ambulance service and structural engineers who worked on the Leppings Lane end. The nine members of the jury panel also declared that fans played no role

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In March 2016, Crompton announced that he would retire in November. On 26 April 2016, after the inquest jury delivered a verdict affirming all the charges against the police, Crompton "unequivocally accepted" the verdicts, including unlawful killing, said that the police operation at the stadium

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praised the England fans for their behaviour during the competition, saying "I mean, not a single arrest for a football-related offence, and the terrible problems that we had in Heysel and Hillsborough in the 1980s seem now to be behind us." He later apologised and said "I know that fan unrest played

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What he has got to understand is that we were speaking the truth for 23 years and apologies have only started to come today from them because of yesterday. It's too little, too late. It's fine to apologise afterwards. They just don't want their names in any more sleaze. No, his apology doesn't mean a

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Today I offer my profuse apologies to the people of Liverpool for that headline. I too was totally misled. Twenty-three years ago I was handed a piece of copy from a reputable news agency in Sheffield, in which a senior police officer and a senior local MP were making serious allegations against fans

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also carried Patnick's version, under the headline "Police Accuse Drunken Fans" which gave Patnick's views, saying he had told Margaret Thatcher, while escorting her on a tour of the ground after the disaster, of the "mayhem caused by drunks" and that policemen told him they were "hampered, harassed,

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wrote in an article titled "I Blame the Yobs" that "The gatecrashers wreaked their fatal havoc ... Their uncontrolled fanaticism and mass hysteria ... literally squeezed the life out of men, women and children ... yobbism at its most base ... Scouse killed Scouse for no better reason than 22 men were

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wrote that the "catastrophe was caused first and foremost by violent enthusiasm for soccer and in this case the tribal passions of Liverpool supporters literally killed themselves and others to be at the game" and published a front-page headline "Police attack 'vile' fans" on 18 April 1989, in which

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Fans' behaviour, to the extent that it was relevant at all, made the job of the police, in the crush outside Leppings Lane turnstiles, harder than it needed to be. But it didn't cause the disaster any more than the sunny day that encouraged people to linger outside the stadium as kick off approached.

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After publication, the Hillsborough Family Support Group called for new inquests for the victims. They also called for prosecutions for unlawful killing, corporate manslaughter and perversion of the course of justice in respect of the actions of the police both in causing the disaster and covering up

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The findings concluded that 164 witness statements had been altered. Of those statements, 116 were amended to remove or change negative comments about South Yorkshire Police. South Yorkshire Police had performed blood alcohol tests on the victims, some of them children, and ran computer checks on the

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I have come to the clear conclusion that there is no basis upon which there should be a further Judicial Inquiry or a reopening of Lord Taylor's Inquiry. There is no basis for a renewed application to the Divisional Court or for the Attorney General to exercise his powers under the Coroners Act 1988.

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Lord Taylor concluded that the behaviour of Liverpool fans, including accusations of drunkenness, were secondary factors, and said that most fans were: "not drunk, nor even the worse for drink". He concluded that this formed an exacerbating factor but that police, seeking to rationalise their loss of

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found this should have been reduced to 1,693 due to crush barriers and perimeter gates, but actually an estimated 3,000 people were in the pens around 3:00 pm. The report said "When spectators first appeared on the track, the immediate assumption in the control room was that a pitch invasion was

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There was no means for calculating when individual enclosures had reached capacity. A police officer ordinarily made a visual assessment before guiding fans to other pens. However, on the day of the disaster, "by 2:52 pm when gate C was opened, pens 3 and 4 were over-full to allow any more into

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Resumed on 19 November 1990, they proved to be controversial. South Yorkshire coroner Dr Stefan Popper limited the main inquests to events up to 3:15 pm on the day of the disaster—nine minutes after the match was halted and the crowd spilt onto the pitch. Popper said this was because the victims

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The equipment was no use on the ambulance vehicle when critical early resuscitation was taking place some distance away on the pitch, behind the Leppings Lane end and in the gymnasium. Some ambulance crew did take equipment when they left their vehicle, but there was no systematic direction to do so,

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People entering were unaware of the problems at the front of the pens; police or stewards would normally stand at the entrance to the tunnel and, if the central pens reached capacity, they would direct people to the side pens, but that did not happen on this occasion, for reasons not fully explained.

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Meanwhile, Hillsborough was accepted as the FA Cup semi-final venue on 20 March 1989 by the Football Association. The first planning meeting for the semi-final took place on 22 March and was attended by newly promoted Chief Superintendent David Duckenfield, not by Mole. No known minutes exist of this

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marketed a T-shirt which was interpreted by members of the public, including relatives of Hillsborough victims, as mocking the disaster. The T-shirt was red with white details like a Liverpool shirt, and had the number 96 on the back like a football shirt, with the text "Karma" and "What goes around

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that killed 56 people, called on the families of the Hillsborough victims to look at the "quiet dignity and great courage relatives in the West Yorkshire city had shown in the years following the tragedy". He said of the Bradford families: "They did not harbour conspiracy theories. They did not seek

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Many of the more serious allegations—such as stealing from the dead and assault of police officers and rescue workers—appeared on 18 April, although several evening newspapers published on 15 April 1989 also gave inaccurate reporting of the disaster, as these newspapers went to press before the full

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at Anfield. There is a permanent memorial to the 96 fans who died, in the form of a bench in view of the battlefield at a nearby lodge. South African Liverpool supporters were responsible for the service and the bench was commissioned in 2008. Following on from the Hillsborough families' decision to

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2 A.C. 455. It was brought by police officers on duty against the chief constable who was said to have been vicariously liable for the disaster. Their claims were dismissed and the Alcock decision was upheld. It affirmed the position of the courts once again towards claims of psychiatric injuries of

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On 13 March 2019, it was reported that Duckenfield would not be called to give evidence in his defence. It was also reported that the jury would be directed to find Mackrell not guilty on the charge of contravening the stadium's safety certificate due to a lack of evidence. On 3 April, the jury

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Six years after the report was published, on 6 December 2023, the government issued its response and signed the Hillsborough Charter giving a commitment to transparency following a public tragedy. However, the proposal for a 'Hillsborough Law' was rejected as it was considered by the government

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In the report, James also called for the government to give "full consideration" to a proposed Public Authority Accountability Bill, known informally as 'The Hillsborough Law', which would include a legal duty of candour on public authorities and officials to be truthful and to proactively cooperate

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On 12 July 2013, it was reported that the IPCC had found that in addition to the now 164 police statements known to have been altered, a further 55 police officers had changed their statements. Deborah Glass, deputy chair of the IPCC said, "We know the people who have contacted us are the tip of the

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to shift blame for the disaster onto Superintendent Roger Marshall, also that junior officers were pressured into changing their statements after the disaster, and told not to write their accounts in their official police pocketbooks. Groome also claimed that match commander Duckenfield was a member

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The Hillsborough Independent Panel was instituted in 2009 by the British government to investigate the Hillsborough disaster, to oversee the disclosure of documents about the disaster and its aftermath and to produce a report. On 12 September 2012, it published its report and simultaneously launched

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Taylor concluded his criticism of South Yorkshire Police by describing senior officers in command as "defensive and evasive witnesses" who refused to accept any responsibility for error: "In all some 65 police officers gave oral evidence at the Inquiry. Sadly I must report that for the most part the

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Andrew Devine, aged 22 at the time of the disaster, suffered similar injuries to Tony Bland and was also diagnosed as being in a persistent vegetative state. In March 1997—just before the eighth anniversary of the disaster—it was reported he had emerged from the condition and was able to communicate

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A total of 42 ambulances arrived at the stadium. Two ambulances managed to make their way onto the pitch of their own accord, and a third entered the field at the direction of deputy chief ambulance officer Alan Hopkins, who felt its visibility might allay crowd concerns. The remaining 39 ambulances

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The match between Liverpool and Nottingham Forest started at 3:00 pm, as scheduled. Fans were still streaming into pens 3 and 4 from the rear entrance tunnel as the match began. For some time, problems at the front of the Liverpool central goal pens went largely unnoticed except by those inside

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footage from the stadium on the day of the disaster, it could not be shown in the UK upon initial release due to the 2012 High Court inquest still being in progress. After the inquest verdict, the BBC aired the documentary on 8 May 2016, with additional footage from the inquest, as well as its

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brought together a group of people who were involved in the disaster to talk about the events of that day at a time when they were still in the midst of their fight for justice. The programme was repeated on 1 May 2016, at the end of the week in which the Hillsborough inquest ruled that the 96

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A memorial at Hillsborough stadium, unveiled on the tenth anniversary of the disaster on 15 April 1999, reads: "In memory of the 96 men, women, and children who tragically died and the countless people whose lives were changed forever. FA Cup semi-final Liverpool v Nottingham Forest. 15 April 1989.

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on 26 March 1991, much to the dismay of the bereaved families, who had been hoping for a verdict of unlawful killing or an open verdict, and for manslaughter charges to be brought against the officers who had been present at the disaster. Trevor Hicks, whose two daughters had been killed, described

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By the disaster's 10th anniversary in 1999, at least three people who survived were known to have taken their own lives. Another survivor had spent eight years in psychiatric care. There were cases of alcoholism, drug abuse, and collapsed marriages involving people who had witnessed the events. The

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and £25,000 each from the cities of Liverpool, Sheffield, and Nottingham. The Liverpool F.C. donation was the amount the club would have received (as its share of the match income) had the semi-final gone ahead as planned. Within days, donations had passed £1 million, swelled by donations from

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The crowd in the Leppings Lane terrace spilled onto the pitch, where the many injured and traumatised fans who had climbed to safety congregated. The football players were ushered to their dressing rooms and informed that there would be a 30-minute postponement. The people still trapped in the pens

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By this time, an estimated 5,000 fans were trying to enter through the turnstiles. Amid increasing safety concerns, and to avoid fatalities outside the ground, the police opened a large exit gate (Gate C) that ordinarily permitted the free flow of supporters departing the stadium after a match. Two

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The Hillsborough disaster touched not only Liverpool, but football clubs in England and around the world. Supporters of Everton, Liverpool's traditional local rivals, were affected, many of them having lost friends and family. Supporters laid down flowers and blue and white scarves to show respect

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The disaster has been acknowledged on 15 April every year by the community in Liverpool and football in general. An annual memorial ceremony is held at Anfield and at a church in Liverpool. The 10th and 20th anniversaries were marked by special services to remember the victims. Liverpool F.C.

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On 21 August 2018, it was announced that all charges against Bettison were being dropped as the CPS felt that there was insufficient evidence to have a realistic chance of a conviction. The death of two witnesses and contradictions in the evidence of others were cited as part of the reason for the

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would not be prosecuted over allegations that they fabricated a story about a police horse being burned with cigarettes at Hillsborough. Although there was enough evidence to charge the farrier with perverting the course of justice, it was felt not to be in the public interest to charge him. There

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On 12 September 2012, the Hillsborough Independent Panel concluded that no Liverpool fans were responsible in any way for the disaster, and that its main cause was a "lack of police control". Crowd safety was "compromised at every level" and overcrowding issues had been recorded two years earlier.

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said the Hillsborough Independent Panel's remit would be to oversee "full public disclosure of relevant government and local information within the limited constraints set out in the disclosure protocol" and "consult with the Hillsborough families to ensure that the views of those most affected by

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Taylor found there was "no provision" for controlling the entry of spectators into the turnstile area. He dismissed the claim by senior police officers that they had no reason to anticipate problems, since congestion had occurred at both the 1987 and 1988 semi-finals. He said that "the Operational

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In total, ninety-seven people died as a result of injuries incurred during the disaster. Ninety-four people, aged from 10 to 67 years old, died on the day, either at the stadium, in the ambulances, or shortly after arrival at hospital. A total of 766 people were reported to have suffered injuries,

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staffers in the sports department expressed their outrage over the paper's decision to cover 26 April inquest, which ruled that the 96 dead were unlawfully killed, only on an inside spread and the sports pages, with some in the newspaper claiming there was a "mutiny" in the sports department. The

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For the second time in half a decade a large body of Liverpool supporters has killed people ... the shrine in the Anfield goalmouth, the cursing of the police, all the theatricals, come sweetly to a city which is already the world capital of self-pity. There are soapy politicians to make a pet of

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was played. The referee blew his whistle two minutes into the game to stop play and a minute's silence was held for those who lost their lives at Hillsborough. Halfway through the minute's silence, the A.C. Milan fans sang Liverpool's "You'll Never Walk Alone" as a sign of respect. In April 1989,

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backed Stuart-Smith's findings and said that "I do not believe that a further inquiry could or would uncover significant new evidence or provide any relief for the distress of those who have been bereaved." However, the determination by Stuart-Smith was heavily criticised by the Justice Minister,

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at the time, pledged to make a donation to the families of the victims. Although the original apology was not printed in the magazine as it was not considered "serious enough", its Australian editor, Geoff Campbell, released a statement: "We deeply regret the photograph captions published in the

2961:, the political editor at the time of the Hillsborough disaster, said that he was "not sorry at all" about the reporting and supported his former boss Kelvin MacKenzie, stating that "we were clearly misled about the events and the authorities, including the police, actively concealed the truth". 2715:

headlines claimed "drunken Liverpool fans viciously attacked rescue workers as they tried to revive victims" and "police officers, firemen and ambulance crew were punched, kicked and urinated upon". A quotation, attributed to an unnamed policeman, claimed a partially unclothed dead girl had been

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caused controversy by describing the Liverpool supporters as "beasts", wrongly suggesting that hooliganism was the cause of the disaster, which had occurred less than four years after the Heysel Stadium disaster. His remarks led to Liverpool F.C. calling for his resignation, but he apologised on

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When the gates were opened, thousands of fans entered a narrow tunnel leading from the rear of the terrace into two overcrowded central pens (pens 3 and 4), creating pressure at the front. Hundreds of people were pressed against one another and the fencing by the weight of the crowd behind them.

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had already noticed the uneven distribution of people in the Leppings Lane pens, and while rehearsing for the match off-air he had suggested a nearby cameraman look as well. "There's gaps, you know, in parts of the ground. Well, if you look at the Liverpool end, to the right of the goal, there's

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remarked: "Bollocks—no one would have been killed". The incident nonetheless prompted Sheffield Wednesday to alter the layout at the Leppings Lane end, dividing the terrace into three separate pens to restrict sideways movement. This particular change, and other later alterations to the stadium,

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fan), stated on his radio show that Liverpool fans "without tickets" were the "root cause" and "perpetrators" of the disaster. A boycott of advertisers by American Liverpool fans eventually brought about an apology from him. Despite this he was replaced as presenter of Fox Football Fone-in. His

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The extreme reaction to Mr Bigley's murder is fed by the fact that he was a Liverpudlian. Liverpool is a handsome city with a tribal sense of community. A combination of economic misfortune—its docks were, fundamentally, on the wrong side of England when Britain entered what is now the European

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Home Secretary Theresa May announced on 18 December 2012 that a new police inquiry would be initiated to examine the possibility of charging agencies other than the police over the Hillsborough deaths. The inquiry was first headed by former Durham Chief Constable Jon Stoddart, and later by

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The IPCC announced on 12 October 2012 that it would investigate the failure of the police to declare a major incident, failure to close the tunnel to the stands which led to overcrowded pens despite evidence it had been closed in such circumstances in the past; changes made to the statements of

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Popper's decision regarding the cut-off time was subsequently endorsed by the Divisional Court who considered it to have been justified in the light of the medical evidence available to him. Relatives later failed to have the inquests reopened to allow more scrutiny of police actions and closer

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brought by the Hillsborough Family Support Group against Duckenfield and his deputy Bernard Murray failed in 2000. In 2009 a Hillsborough Independent Panel was formed to review the evidence. Reporting in 2012, it confirmed Taylor's 1990 criticisms and revealed details about the extent of police

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in the two standing-only central pens within the Leppings Lane stand allocated to Liverpool supporters. Shortly before kick-off, police match commander David Duckenfield ordered exit gate C to be opened in an attempt to ease crowding, which led to an influx of supporters entering the pens. This

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David Duckenfield and another officer, Bernard Murray. The prosecution argued that the crush was "foreseeable" hence the defendants were "grossly negligent". Prosecutor Alun Jones told the court that Duckenfield gave the order to open the gates so that hundreds of fans could be herded onto the

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By 22 October 2012, the names of at least 1,444 serving and former police officers had been referred to the IPCC investigation. In its announcement, the IPCC praised the tenacity of the Hillsborough families' campaign for truth and justice. On 16 October 2012, the Attorney General announced in

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also responded to the April 2016 verdict by saying that it represented a "long overdue" but "landmark moment in the quest for justice", adding "All families and survivors now have official confirmation of what they always knew was the case, that the Liverpool fans were utterly blameless in the

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Merseyside Police Authority confirmed that Bettison would receive an £83,000 pension, unless convicted of a criminal offence. Hillsborough families called for the payments to be frozen during the IPCC investigation. In the same 22 October House of Commons debate, Stephen Mosley MP alleged West

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was opened on the Sunday to allow fans to pay tribute to the dead. Thousands of fans visited and the stadium filled with flowers, scarves and other tributes. In the following days more than 200,000 people visited the "shrine" inside the stadium. The following Sunday, a link of football scarves

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had transported Liverpool supporters to Sheffield for the 1988 semi-final, but only one such train was provided in 1989. The 350 passengers arrived at the ground at about 2:20 pm. Many of the supporters wished to enjoy the day and were in no hurry to enter the stadium too early. Some were

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In 2013, a formal complaint was made against David Crompton, South Yorkshire's chief constable, over internal emails relating to the Hillsborough disaster. On 8 September 2012, just four days before the Hillsborough Independent Panel Report was published, Crompton had emailed the force's

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said he had written the first draft of the article at Johnson's request. Johnson apologised at the time of the article, travelling to Liverpool to do so, and again following the publication of the report of the Hillsborough Independent Panel in 2012; Johnson's apology was rejected by Margaret

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The Hillsborough memorial at Anfield (featuring the names of the 96 who lost their lives, and an eternal flame) was located next to the Shankly Gates before it was moved to the front of the redeveloped main stand in 2016. It was modified with a 97th name after a victim of the disaster died in

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The panel noted that, despite being dismissed by the Taylor Report, the idea that alcohol contributed to the disaster proved remarkably durable. Documents disclosed confirm that repeated attempts were made to find supporting evidence for alcohol being a factor, and that available evidence was

1462:'s assertion that evidence after 3:15 pm was inadmissible as "that by 3:15 pm the principal cause of death, that is, the crushing, was over." This was controversial as the subsequent response of the police and emergency services would not be scrutinised. Announcing the report to the 1424:

chose to make all-seater stadiums a requirement of league membership. In England and Wales all-seating is a requirement of the Premier League and of the Football League for clubs who have been present in the Championship for more than three seasons. Several campaigns have attempted to get the

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In 1999, Anfield was packed with a crowd of around 10,000 people ten years after the disaster. A candle was lit for each of the 96 victims. The clock at the Kop End stood still at 3:06 pm, the time that the referee had blown his whistle in 1989 and a minute's silence was held, the start

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As MacKenzie's layout was seen by more and more people, a collective shudder ran through the office (but) MacKenzie's dominance was so total there was nobody left in the organisation who could rein him in except Murdoch. (Everyone in the office) seemed paralysed—"looking like rabbits in the

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Taylor concluded that policing on the day "broke down" and "the main reason for the disaster was the failure of police control". Attention was focused on the decision to open the secondary gates; moreover, the kick-off should have been delayed, as had been done at other venues and matches.

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in South Liverpool (also known as the APH). Each of the six rose beds has a centre piece of a white standard rosebush, surrounded by red rose bushes, named 'Liverpool Remember'. There are brass memorial plaques on both sets of gates to the garden, and a sundial inscribed with the words:

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to resign as chairman of the Premier League and give up his knighthood as a result of his conduct at Sheffield Wednesday at the time of the disaster. The Home Secretary called for investigations into law-breaking and promised resources to investigate individual or systematic issues.

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Let's be honest about this—people were against us. We had the media against us, as well as the establishment. Everything was against us. The only people that weren't against us was our own city. That's why I am so grateful to my city and so proud of my city. They always believed in

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about two Liverpool families waiting for news of their missing loved ones on the day, which leads to discussion of football safety and the culture of blame. Nielsen's play won him an award at the 1999 Liverpool Arts and Entertainment awards and was highly praised by the Liverpool

2385:(observed across Liverpool and in Sheffield and Nottingham, including public transport coming to a stand-still) was held at the time of the disaster twenty years earlier, 15:06 BST. Burnham, by then the Sports Minister, addressed the crowd but was heckled by supporters chanting 2376:

The event was remembered with a ceremony at Anfield attended by over 28,000 people. The Kop, Centenary and Main Stands were opened to the public before part of the Anfield Road End was opened to supporters. The memorial service, led by the Bishop of Liverpool began at 14:45

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In 2014, to mark the 25th anniversary of the disaster, the FA decided that all FA Cup, Premier League, Football League, and Football Conference matches played between 11 and 14 April would kick-off seven minutes later than originally scheduled with a six-minute delay and a

1787:, said that although he was "duped" into publishing his story, that his "heart goes out" to the families of those affected, saying that "It's quite clear today the fans had nothing to do with it". However, MacKenzie did not accept any personal responsibility for the story. 1295:

Regarding the decision to allocate Liverpool spectators to the West and North Ends, Taylor stated "I do not consider choice of ends was causative of the disaster. Had it been reversed, the disaster could well have occurred in a similar manner but to Nottingham supporters".

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later reported that fans behind him were pleading to him for help as the situation worsened. At first, the police made attempts to stop people from spilling out of the pens, some believing this to be a pitch invasion. At approximately 3:04 pm, a shot from Liverpool's

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on 10 September 2018, Duckenfield pleaded not guilty to all 95 charges against him. Mackrell pleaded not guilty to the two charges against him. A provisional trial date was set for 14 January 2019, on which date the trial started at Preston Crown Court before

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from 1998 to 2013) to produce a report on the experiences of the Hillsborough families, in the hope that their pain and suffering would not be repeated and that their perspective would not be lost. After carrying out a thorough review, Jones published his report—titled

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significantly misinterpreted. It noted "The weight placed on alcohol in the face of objective evidence of a pattern of consumption modest for a leisure event was inappropriate. It has since fuelled persistent and unsustainable assertions about drunken fan behaviour".

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The information was provided to the newspaper by Whites News Agency in Sheffield; the newspaper cited claims by police inspector Gordon Sykes, that Liverpool fans had pickpocketed the dead, as well as other claims by unnamed police officers and local Conservative MP

1217:. Anne Williams, who died in 2013, rejected the coroner's decision that the Hillsborough victims, including her son, had died before 3:15 pm, citing witness statements that described him showing signs of life at 4:00 pm. She unsuccessfully appealed to the 2312:

conclude official memorials at Anfield with a final service in 2016, it was decided not to hold any further memorials at Spion Kop. The Memorial bench remains at Spion Kop Lodge. In April 2023, a single seat was added to commemorate the 97th victim, Andrew Devine.

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which resulted in minor traffic congestion. Between 2:30 pm and 2:40 pm, there was a build-up of supporters outside the turnstiles facing Leppings Lane, eager to enter the stadium before the game started. At 2:46 pm, the BBC's football commentator

728:. Some crews were hesitant to leave their vehicles, unsure of whether patients were coming to them, or vice versa. Others who did leave their vehicles were then faced with the obstacles inherent in placing distance between themselves and their equipment. As the 539:

prank. Four officers resigned and seven were disciplined over the incident. Chief Superintendent Mole himself was to be transferred to the Barnsley division for "career development reasons". The transfer was to be done with immediate effect on 27 March 1989.

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in 2009. The Hillsborough Independent Panel considered the available evidence and stated that "the initial pathologist's opinion appeared definitive, but further authoritative opinions raised significant doubts about the accuracy of that initial opinion."

379:. The inquests also found that the design of the stadium contributed to the crush, and that supporters were not to blame for the dangerous conditions. Public anger over the actions of their force during the second inquests led to the suspension of the SYP 1690:, accused him of boasting about concocting a story that all the Liverpool fans were drunk and police were afraid they were going to break down the gates and decided to open them. Bettison denied the claim, and other allegations about his conduct, saying: 3126:

in Iraq, in which it was claimed that the response to Bigley's killing was fuelled by the fact he was from Liverpool, and went on to criticise the "drunken" fans at Hillsborough and call on them to accept responsibility for their "role" in the disaster:

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s eighth and ninth pages carried images of the 96 victims and an editorial which apologised "unreservedly", saying "the police smeared with a pack of lies which in 1989 the Sun and other media swallowed whole". A lengthier apology was published online.

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Police disciplinary charges were abandoned when Duckenfield retired on health grounds and, because Murray was unavailable, it was decided not to proceed with disciplinary charges against him. Duckenfield took medical retirement on a full police pension.

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but was not sure about all of it. He said in 2012, "Twenty-three years ago I was handed a piece of copy from a reputable news agency in Sheffield in which a senior police officer and a senior local MP were making serious allegations against fans in the

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A seven-foot-high circular bronze memorial was unveiled in the Old Haymarket district of Liverpool in April 2013. This memorial is inscribed with the words: "Hillsborough Disaster – we will remember them", and displays the names of the 96 victims who

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Lord Taylor noted with regard to the performance of the senior police officers in command that "...neither their handling of the problems on the day nor their account of it in evidence showed the qualities of leadership to be expected of their rank".

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the CRP required a formal declaration to be made by those in charge for it to take effect. As this declaration was not immediately performed, there was confusion among those attempting to administer aid on the pitch. This indecision migrated to the

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Liverpool and Nottingham Forest met in the semi-final at Hillsborough in 1988, and fans again reported crushing at the Leppings Lane end. Liverpool lodged a complaint before the match in 1989. One supporter wrote to the Football Association and the

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were either dead, or brain dead, by 3:15 pm. The decision angered the families, many of whom felt the inquests were unable to consider the response of the police and other emergency services after that time. The inquests returned verdicts of

1906:—on 1 November 2017. Having met the Hillsborough families in one-to-one meetings and group sessions whilst compiling his report, Jones was able to include numerous first-hand accounts of their encounters with private and public authorities. 757:

The adverse comments of two doctors regarding the emergency response appeared in the media. Their views were not "a maverick view from a disaffected minority but the considered opinion of the majority of professionals present from the outset."

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Stephen Whittle is considered by some to be another victim of Hillsborough, as due to work commitments, he had sold his ticket to a friend (whom he and his family chose not to identify), who then died in the disaster; the resulting feeling of

3486:. The film was aired for the first time in 1996, and has been shown four times since then: in 1998, in 2009, in September 2012 (shortly after the release of the findings of the Hillsborough Independent Panel), and again on 1 May 2016 on 3098:

The vice-chairman of the Hillsborough Family Support Group, Philip Hammond, said he wanted all football fans to boycott the magazine, saying, "I am going to write to every fanzine in the country—including Liverpool F.C.'s—telling them to ban

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resulted in overcrowding of those pens and the fatal crush; with a total of 97 fatalities and 766 injuries, the disaster is the deadliest in British sporting history. Ninety-four people died on the day; one more died in hospital days later,

1922:– including publicly funded legal representation for bereaved families at inquests at which public bodies are legally represented, an end to public bodies spending limitless sums, and a change in the way that public bodies approach inquests 5512: 2840:

made a front-page apology, saying "we are profoundly sorry for false reports". The editor at the time, Dominic Mohan, wrote: "We published an inaccurate and offensive story about the events at Hillsborough. We said it was the truth – it

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later wrote that "The claim that supporters higher up the Leppings Lane terrace had urinated on police pulling bodies out of the crush appeared to have roots in the fact that those who were dying or sustaining serious injuries suffered

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Sheffield Wednesday was also criticised for the inadequate number of turnstiles at the Leppings Lane end and the poor quality of the crush barriers on the terraces, "respects in which failure by the Club contributed to this disaster".

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Various negligence cases were brought against the police by spectators who had been at the ground but had not been in the pens, and by people who watched the incident unfolding on television (or heard about it on the radio). A case,

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in May 1985. It made recommendations on the safety of crowds penned within fences, including that "all exit gates should be manned at all times ... and capable of being opened immediately from the inside by anyone in an emergency".

5880: 3083:, accompanying an article about the Hillsborough disaster of 1989. The right course of action is to withdraw this edition from sale—which we will be doing. We have been in contact with the Hillsborough Family Support Group and the 1475:, who stated "I am absolutely sure that Sir Murray Stuart-Smith came completely to the wrong conclusion". Falconer added: "It made the families in the Hillsborough disaster feel after one establishment cover-up, here was another." 3283:

endless further inquiries. They buried their dead, comforted the bereaved and succoured the injured. They organised a sensible compensation scheme and moved on. Is there, perhaps, a lesson there for the Hillsborough campaigners?"

2240:" The memorial was unveiled on 4 October 1991 (two years before the death of Tony Bland) by the Mayor of Sefton, Councillor Syd Whitby. The project was carried out by the council after consultation with the Sefton Survivors Group. 1059:(20). A further 20 were from counties adjacent to Merseyside. An additional three victims came from Sheffield with two more living in counties adjacent to South Yorkshire. The remaining 14 victims lived in other parts of England. 500:

invalidated the stadium's safety certificate which was not renewed, and the stated capacity of the stadium was never changed. The terrace was divided into five pens when the club was promoted to the First Division in 1984, and a

11693: 7496: 6550: 2008:(CPS) needed to apply to the High Court to lift a court order before he could be prosecuted on the manslaughter charges. On 29 June 2018, a ruling was made that Duckenfield would be prosecuted on the manslaughter charges. 10790: 1799:

of his local lodge in 1990, a year after the disaster; following this revelation, Freemasons were forbidden to take part in the IPCC investigation and Operation Resolve as civilian investigators to prevent any perceived bias.

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A "Public Authority (Accountability) Bill", or a "Hillsborough Law", has been proposed by bereaved families of various such disasters whereby public bodies and public servants (such as police) would have a "duty of candour".

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Bradford City and Lincoln City held a friendly match to benefit the victims of Hillsborough. The occasion was the first in which the two teams had met since the 1985 Bradford City stadium fire that had claimed 56 lives at

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and co-produced with the BBC, the two-hour film chronicles the disaster, the investigations, and their lingering effects; it also includes interviews with survivors, victims' relatives, police officers and investigators.

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request, Crompton had said that the families' "version of certain events has become 'the truth' even though it isn't". South Yorkshire's police and crime commissioner Shaun Wright appointed chief constable Simon Parr of

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in respect of all 96 victims (by majority verdict of 7–2). Upon receiving the April 2016 verdict, Hillsborough Family Support Group chair Margaret Aspinall, whose 18-year-old son James was killed in the disaster, said:

507:

After the crush in 1981, Hillsborough was not selected to host an FA Cup semi-final again until 1987. Significant overcrowding was observed at the ground during that year's quarter-final between Sheffield Wednesday and

2931:, with Twitter users saying that this reflected "Murdoch's view on Hillsborough", which was a "smear", which "now daren't speak its name". On the night of the verdict coverage, more than 124,000 tweets used the term 10726: 3010:

concerning the article, but the Council ruled that it was unable to adjudicate on comment pieces, though the Council noted that tragedy or disaster is not an occasion for writers to exercise gratuitous provocation.

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Liverpool, and Liverpool itself is always standing by to make a pet of itself. 'Why us? Why are we treated like animals?' To which the plain answer is that a good and sufficient minority of you behave like animals.

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ruled there was no evidence to justify prosecution of any individuals or institutions. The disaster led to a number of safety improvements in the largest English football grounds, notably the elimination of fenced

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and was an important milestone in the law of claims of secondary victims for negligently inflicted psychiatric injury. It was held that claimants who watched the disaster on television/listened on radio were not

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their actions; and in respect of Sheffield Wednesday FC, Sheffield Council and the Football Association for their various responsibilities for providing, certifying and selecting the stadium for the fatal event.

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verbally abused, and that Liverpool fans were "openly urinating on us and the bodies of the dead". In fact many Liverpool fans helped security personnel stretcher away victims and gave first aid to the injured.

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Over 450,000 pages reviewed – Documents and other material from the contributing organisations including reports, minutes of meetings, transcripts, witness statements, letters and memos, records of telephone

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In July 1992, the government announced a relaxation of the regulation for the lower two English leagues (known now as League One and League Two). The Football Spectators Act does not cover Scotland, but the

711:, or CRP. Any individuals within the stadium that were seriously injured were to be delivered expeditiously by police and paramedics to the CRP to receive medical attention. The system of ferrying injured 9935: 1229:

and Phillips) who had been inside the stadium on the day and who had been critical of the chaotic emergency response. The views of both were dismissed by the Taylor report. They both gave evidence at the

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Midlands police pressured witnesses—both police and civilians—to change their statements. Maria Eagle confirmed her understanding that WMP actions in this respect would be the subject of IPCC scrutiny.

11434: 8047: 3217:. He was suspended from the club for a fortnight and many fans felt he should not play for the club again. He was omitted from the first team squad and never played for the club in any capacity again. 3070:

in Australia was swiftly withdrawn from sale soon after its publication, and a public apology made in the Australian and British editions, because it contained jokes mocking the disaster. As a result,

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Taylor concluded that in responding to the disaster there had been no fault on the part of the emergency services (St John Ambulance, South Yorkshire Metropolitan Ambulance Service and fire brigade).

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MP, at a Police Federation meeting in October 1989, that allowing the fans to help with the rescue effort was a deliberate strategy "otherwise they might have turned their frustration on the police."

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Fans of rival clubs have been known to chant about the Hillsborough disaster at football matches, in order to upset Liverpool fans. Following the findings of the Independent Panel in September 2012,

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committee, "I regret Hillsborough. It was a fundamental mistake. The mistake was I believed what an MP said", but privately said at a 2006 dinner that he had only apologised under the instruction of

1449:. When he presented his report in February 1998, he concluded that there was insufficient evidence for a new inquiry into the disaster. In paragraph 5 of his summary, Lord Justice Stuart-Smith said: 10101: 1674:

Calls were made for the resignation of police officers involved in the cover-up, and for Sheffield Wednesday, the police and the Football Association to admit their blame. Calls were also made for

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On 28 June 2017, it was announced that six people were to be charged with offences in relation to the disaster. Former Chief Superintendent Duckenfield, in charge of the match, faced 95 counts of

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to head an investigation into the matter. Wright said: "The request has been submitted by a firm of solicitors in Liverpool acting on behalf of a number of individuals affected by the event."

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On 14 May, more than 20,000 people packed Anfield for a match held in memory of the victims. The Liverpool Legends, comprising ex-Liverpool footballers beat the All Stars, captained by actor

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In April 2016, an action was launched in the High Court on behalf of victims' relatives against both SYP and the West Midlands Police force (who had investigated the actions of SYP) alleging

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the disaster are taken into account". An archive of all relevant documentation would be created and a report produced within two years explaining the work of the panel and its conclusions.

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Ashton and Phillips were not the only doctors present at the disaster not to be called to give evidence to the Popper inquests. The only one called was the Sheffield Wednesday club doctor.

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Families believed that Popper was 'too close' to the police. After the verdicts Barry Devonside, who had lost his son, witnessed Popper hosting a celebration party with police officers.

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had affected the sport for some years and was particularly virulent in England. From 1974, when these security standards were put in place, crushes occurred in several English stadiums.

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Professor Phil Scraton described Pearce's comments as amongst the "most bigoted and factually inaccurate" published in the wake of the disaster. A number of complaints were made to the

1928:– requiring them to cooperate fully with investigations into alleged criminal offences or misconduct, as undertaken by the Independent Police Complaints Commission or its successor body 2687:, ordered "The Truth" as the front-page headline, followed by three sub-headlines: "Some fans picked pockets of victims", "Some fans urinated on the brave cops" and "Some fans beat up 10782: 9586: 5888: 11949: 11918: 7095: 2238:

In loving memory of the 96 football supporters who died at Hillsborough, Sheffield on 15 April 1989. Of those who lost their lives the following young men were from Sefton families.

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who lost their lives in the Hillsborough disaster. The memorial, sited in a raised rose bed containing the Liverpool Remembers red rose, is made of black granite. It is inscribed: "

3832: 4434: 3050:, said it was a "shocking misjudgment" to not include this story on the front page. However, insiders dismissed any suggestion that a visit by News UK owner Rupert Murdoch to the 565:

As is common practice at domestic football matches in England, opposing supporters were segregated in and around the stadium. Nottingham Forest were allocated the South Stand and

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on the day of the disaster had been "catastrophically wrong", and apologised unreservedly. Following continued criticism of Crompton in the wake of the unlawful killing verdict,

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initiative on 1 August 2009. At least 96 current and former Liverpool footballers are being lined up to raise £96,000 by auctioning a limited edition (of 96) signed photographs.

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In 2009, nearly twenty years to the day after the disaster, Steven Cohen, a presenter on Fox Soccer Channel and Sirius satellite radio in the United States (an Englishman and

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Bibliography of over 150 books, journal articles, TV programmes and websites relating to the Disaster and its aftermath produced by Sheffield City Council's Archives Service.

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Two sisters, three pairs of brothers, and a father and son were among those who died, as were two men about to become fathers for the first time: 25-year-old Steven Brown of

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The report dismissed the theory, put forward by South Yorkshire Police, that fans attempting to gain entry without tickets or with forged tickets were contributing factors.

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was appointed to conduct an inquiry into the events. The Taylor Inquiry sat for a total of 31 days (between 15 May and 29 June 1989) and published two reports: an

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more gates (A and B) were subsequently opened to further relieve the pressure. After an initial rush, thousands of supporters entered the stadium "steadily at a fast walk".

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was appointed as Assistant Coroner for South Yorkshire (East) and West Yorkshire (West) to conduct those inquests. The inquests hearings started on Monday 31 March 2014 at

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Magistrates Court. Mackrell pleaded not guilty to the charge against him. No formal pleas were taken from the other four defendants. All five were bailed to appear at the

12564:

Ground safety and public order: Hillsborough Stadium Disaster, report of Joint Working Party on Ground Safety and Public Order (Report/Joint Executive on Football Safety)

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Parliament he had applied to have the original inquests' verdicts quashed, arguing it proceeded on a false basis and evidence now to hand required this exceptional step.

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was accused of having shown disrespect towards the Hillsborough victims during the 2009 remembrance ceremony, as he was spotted on camera "smiling and nudging" teammate

2506:

As a result of the disaster, Liverpool's scheduled match against Arsenal was delayed from 23 April until the end of the season, and the game eventually decided the

2020:

decision. Representatives of the 96 victims of the disaster stated that they would be asking for an independent review of the decision under the Right to Review Scheme.

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at number 1 on 20 May, and remained at the top of the chart for three weeks. Despite having stronger ties to Liverpool F.C., Gerry and the Pacemakers' earlier hit "

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Several British stadiums have a stand called "Spion Kop" or "The Kop". The name, originally that of a hill in South Africa, usually refers to an unusually steep stand.

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Roger Greenwood (the most senior SYP officer in command inside the ground on the day) realised the situation, and ran onto the field to gain the attention of referee

11465: 9529: 1981:. He faced no charge in respect of the death of Tony Bland, who died four years after the disaster. Former Chief Inspector Sir Norman Bettinson faced four counts of 12643:

Scraton, Phil (2005). "Death on the Terraces: The Contexts and Injustices of the 1989 Hillsborough Disaster". In Darby, Paul; Johnes, Martin; Mellor, Gavin (eds.).

2510:. At the rescheduled fixture, Arsenal players brought flowers onto the pitch and presented them to the Liverpool fans around the stadium before the game commenced. 556:

Leppings Lane was the sole access point for Liverpool fans. The approach has been described as a "bottleneck" from which two sides of the stadium were being filled.

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was criticised for writing a controversial article in the aftermath of the disaster, at a time when a number of victims' funerals were taking place. His column in

1497: 524:: "The whole area was packed solid to the point where it was impossible to move and where I, and others around me, felt considerable concern for personal safety." 8155: 1388:

The Taylor Report had a deep impact on safety standards for stadiums in the UK. Perimeter and lateral fencing was removed and many top stadiums were converted to

14414: 12263: 2695:". Mackenzie reportedly spent two hours deciding on which headline to run; his original instinct being for "You Scum" before eventually deciding on "The Truth". 9016: 8873:"In the Crown Court at Manchester Sitting at Salford Quays. The Queen and Peter Metcalf, Donald Denton, Alan Foster. Ruling on Submissions of No Case to Answer" 5659: 4590: 3407: 14506: 13922: 12438: 12405: 11442: 5633: 5461: 2924:

relegating the story to pages 8 and 9. An apology appeared on page 10, reiterating previous statements that the 1989 headline had been an error of judgement.

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On 26 May 2021, Denton, Foster and Metcalfe were all found not guilty of perverting the course of justice by altering 68 police officers' statements, when

10951: 8931: 8846: 5264: 4556: 1835:, who in 1989 had been tasked with investigating South Yorkshire Police's conduct for both the original inquests and also the Taylor independent inquiry. 1263:(19 January 1990) which outlined general recommendations on football ground safety. The two publications together became known as the Taylor Report. 457:

A report by Eastwood & Partners for a safety certificate for the stadium in 1978 concluded that although it failed to meet the recommendations of the

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A spokesman for Saunders Law, the lead solicitors for the group litigation, said the civil claim for misfeasance in a public office was started in 2015.

5991: 5914: 4524: 4335: 2778:... I published in good faith and I am sorry that it was so wrong". A member of the Hillsborough Family Support Group responded "too little, too late". 2441:, 3–1. The event also raised cash for the Marina Dalglish Appeal which was contributed towards a radiotherapy centre at University Hospital in Aintree. 1695:

I held those views then, I hold them now. I have never, since hearing the Taylor evidence unfold, offered any other interpretation in public or private.

11348: 9496: 5372:"The Official Charts Company – Ferry Cross The Mersey by Gerry Marsden, Paul McCartney, Holly Johnson, The Christians and Stock Aitken Waterman Search" 2076: 6568: 4476: 3747: 2451:

On 11 April 2009, Liverpool fans sang "You'll Never Walk Alone" as a tribute to the upcoming anniversary of the disaster before the home game against

14198: 13963: 12786: 9852: 8989: 6693: 6569:"Report summary (Page 14 of 14): Summary of Chapter 12: Behind the headlines: the origins, promotion and reproduction of unsubstantiated allegations" 3091:

Australia has its own editorial team and these captions were written and published without consultation with the UK edition, or any other edition of

2822:... We gladly say sorry again today: fully, openly, honestly and without reservation". It said criticism of Rooney was wrong and co-ordinated by the 2058: 8723: 6663: 5799: 5286: 4295: 4099: 4072: 14628: 14608: 14364: 11028: 7708: 2897:

In response, Trevor Hicks, chairman of the Hillsborough Family Support Group, rejected MacKenzie's apology as "too little, too late", calling him "

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police officers; actions which misled Parliament and the media; shortcomings of previous investigations; and the role played by Norman Bettison.

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A bottleneck developed outside the stadium, with more fans arriving than could be safely filtered through the turnstiles before the 3:00 pm

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followed immediately and continue to this day. Boycotts include both customers refusing to purchase it, and retailers refusing to stock it. The

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With the imminent release of police documents relating to events on 15 April 1989, the Hillsborough Family Support Group launched Project 96, a

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The patronising disposition of unaccountable power: A report to ensure that the pain and suffering of the Hillsborough families is not repeated

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At the time of the disaster most English football stadiums had high steel fencing between the spectators and the playing field in response to

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Pearce went on to reflect that if South Yorkshire Police bore any responsibility, it was "for not realising what brutes they had to handle."

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the next year, MacKenzie publicly repeated the claims he said at the dinner; he said that he believed some of the material they published in

1989:. Solicitor Peter Metcalf, former Chief Superintendent Donald Denton, and former Detective Chief Inspector Alan Foster were all charged with 1625: 1213:

One of the individual cases where the circumstances of death were not fully resolved was that of Kevin Williams, the fifteen-year-old son of

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April 15, 1989: 94 fans die (the total later rose to 97), 766 are injured and 300 hospitalised in crush at Hillsborough's Leppings Lane End.

4857: 908:, the Arsenal players presented flowers to fans in different parts of Anfield in memory of those who had died in the Hillsborough disaster. 443:

football clubs. Kick-off was scheduled for 3:00 pm on 15 April 1989, and fans were advised to take up positions 15 minutes beforehand.

13845: 8079: 7608: 5845:'The patronising disposition of unaccountable power' A report to ensure the pain and suffering of the Hillsborough families is not repeated 4977: 2972:

followed in April 2017 on the eve of the 28th anniversary of the disaster after a column by Kelvin MacKenzie concerning Everton footballer

1472: 12059: 11978:"Bernard Ingham, who called Liverpool fans 'tanked up yobs', still refuses to apologise to Hillsborough families despite inquest findings" 11926: 7152: 7016: 5762: 14613: 13692: 12033: 11495: 11285:"I live in a part of England that receives first edition of The Times. Failure to put Hillsborough on front page a shocking misjudgement" 9196: 5205: 4624: 3822: 3467: 1492:

In the years after the disaster, the Hillsborough Family Support Group had campaigned for the release of all relevant documents into the

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wrote that the "trampling crush" had been started by "thousands of fans" who were "latecomers ... forc their way into the ground". The

2560: 2409:, set 96 balloons free. The ceremony ended with 96 rings of church bells across the city and a rendition of "You'll Never Walk Alone". 1842:

announced that it would consider bringing charges against both individuals and corporate bodies once the criminal investigation by the

11892: 10031:"Chapter 12: Behind the headlines: the origins, promotion and reproduction of unsubstantiated allegations (Page 3 of 10): 'The Truth'" 7634: 5618: 3333:

In June 2014, an unnamed 24-year-old British civil servant was sacked for posting offensive comments about the disaster on Knowledge.

48: 14278: 13840: 13835: 13684: 11808: 10899: 10873: 6831: 6599: 3376: 2405:, Liverpool's manager at the time of the disaster, read a passage from the Bible, "Lamentations of Jeremiah". The Liverpool manager, 11870: 11618: 10343: 9138: 9086: 8619: 6723: 6642: 4036: 3889: 3375:

comes back around", and a white rose, as associated with Yorkshire. Topman stated that the T-shirt was in reference to a Bob Marley

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On 12 September 2012, after the publication of the report exonerating the Liverpool fans, MacKenzie issued the following statement:

2416:

and the Roman Catholic Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral. After the two-minute silence, bells on civic buildings rang out throughout

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During the inquests, Maxwell Groome—a police constable at the time of the disaster—made allegations of a high-level "conspiracy" by

14583: 13948: 13850: 13758: 11715: 9473: 9313: 8530: 8187: 7301: 5415:(2007). "Subversive Dreamers: Liverpool Songwriting from the Beatles to the Zutons". In Murphy, Michael; Rees-Jones, Deryn (eds.). 5349: 2882: 2534:

nominated Andrew Devine posthumously for the freedom of the city of Liverpool, a tribute given to the original 96 victims in 2016.

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in southeast London, which opened in 1993, was the first new stadium to be fully compliant with the safety recommendations of the

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players showed respect by wearing black armbands during their Champions League quarter-final matches on 14 and 15 April 2009.

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to Anfield was created, with the final scarf in position at 3:06 pm. Elsewhere on the same day, a silence—opened with an

14678: 13932: 12720: 12693: 12674: 12608: 12517: 12498: 12479: 12394: 11106: 11072: 9391: 7760: 6987: 6857: 6299: 5855: 5800:"Judgement of Divisional Court, 5 November 1993 application to quash the Inquest verdicts of six of the Hillsborough victims" 5325: 3328: 1561: 864: 7530: 7069: 6353: 5781: 5223: 4382: 3923: 3087:

to express our deep regret and sincere apologies." The British edition disassociated itself from the controversy, stating: "

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iceberg." That was after the IPCC's Hillsborough Contact team had received 230 pieces of correspondence since October 2012.

300:

in 1993, and in 2021, a 97th who had suffered irreversible brain damage on the day. The match was abandoned and restaged at

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described the handling of the Hillsborough disaster as the "greatest miscarriage of justice of our times", with Labour MPs

1226: 694:

Liverpool supporters try desperately to climb the fence to reach the safety of the pitch while being stopped by the police.

10430: 10201: 6805: 6510: 5287:"A random sample of letters from public, schools and clubs reflecting the nature of donations to the disaster appeal fund" 3299:

assistant chief constable Andy Holt and head of media Mark Thompson. In the email, which came to light as the result of a

2818:

ran a front-page story apologising for "the most terrible mistake in its history", saying "We long ago apologised publicly

2347:"The names of the victims were read from the memorial book and floral tributes were laid at a plaque bearing their names." 14688: 14191: 13808: 12971: 4270: 3122:

was criticised for an editorial which appeared in the magazine on 16 October 2004 following the death of British hostage

3025:

later tweeted that "We made a mistake with the front page of our first edition, and we fixed it for our second edition."

2774:... these allegations were wholly untrue and were part of a concerted plot by police officers to discredit the supporters 1067:

Of those who died, 79 were aged under 30, 38 of whom were under 20, and all but three of the victims were aged under 50.

521: 13449: 12979: 12939: 12758: 7556: 6373: 5973: 5947: 14184: 13131: 11317: 10320: 7812: 7377: 1933:

with official investigations and inquiries. The full text of the draft bill was provided as an appendix to his report.

1571: 12768:

List of archive and library material relating to the disaster held at Sheffield City Council's Libraries and Archives.

12406:

The Hillsborough Stadium Disaster, 15 April 1989: Inquiry by the Rt. Hon. Lord Justice Taylor, Interim Report (Cm 765)

9936:"Hillsborough debate full transcript: Read everything MPs said in the House of Commons – link to full video now added" 7511: 3165:

comments were widely circulated following the April 2016 verdict by the Hillsborough inquest's second hearing proving

2791:

reported in 2019 that Merseyside sales were estimated to drop from 55,000 per day to 12,000 per day, an 80% decrease.

2389:. The ceremony was attended by survivors of the disaster, families of victims and the Liverpool team, with goalkeeper 1682:

On 23 October 2012, Norman Bettison resigned with immediate effect as chief constable of West Yorkshire Police, after

14394: 13815: 13214: 12736: 12652: 12589: 12571: 12556: 12535: 12453: 12420: 12375: 12333: 10381: 6749: 6481: 6416: 5424: 5396: 3791: 3251: 3103:

People are very upset by it. I think there will be a real boycott." He added it would be like making jokes about the

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The Hillsborough Stadium Disaster, 15 April 1989: Inquiry by the Rt. Hon. Lord Justice Taylor, Final Report (Cm 962)

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Following the inquests verdicts, South Yorkshire police announced it would refer the actions of its officers to the

929:

benefit concert and several fundraising football matches. The two teams involved in the Bradford City stadium fire,

871:, the timing of football matches and policing of sporting events were factors for a subsequent inquiry to consider. 13003: 5465: 5246: 1990: 1986: 917: 829: 504:

near the access tunnel was removed in 1986 to improve the flow of fans entering and exiting the central enclosure.

392: 9264: 14673: 14638: 14350: 13787: 13620: 13310: 13051: 3300: 2057:

called the lack of accountability over Hillsborough "the greatest scandal of British policing of our lifetimes".

604: 351:" in respect of all the deceased. Families disputed the findings, and fought to have the case re-opened. In 1997 323:

and drunkenness by Liverpool supporters had caused the disaster. Blaming Liverpool fans persisted even after the

10458: 3136:

newspaper a whipping-boy for daring, albeit in a tasteless fashion, to hint at the wider causes of the incident.

3107:, in which 88 Australians were killed. The publication was finally discontinued in 2016, for unrelated reasons. 367:

The second coroner's inquests were held from 1 April 2014 to 26 April 2016. They ruled that the supporters were

14618: 14573: 13917: 13794: 13724: 13569: 13278: 13270: 13262: 12899: 11191:"We've been criticised today for not having Hillsborough on our first edition front page. This is our response" 10727:"News International chairman James Murdoch apologises to Liverpool over Sun's coverage of Hillsborough tragedy" 9178: 9156: 5592: 5342:"College course developed with funds from the Hillsborough Disaster Appeal Fund goes from strength to strength" 3286:

Popplewell was criticised for the comments, including a rebuke from a survivor of the Bradford fire. Labour MP

2576: 2476: 2353:". The anniversary was also marked by a minute's silence at the weekend's league games and FA Cup semi-finals. 2233: 2051: 1916:– a series of commitments by public bodies to change, related to transparency and acting in the public interest 1425:

government to relax the regulation and allow standing areas to return to Premiership and Championship grounds.

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a website containing 450,000 pages of material collated from 85 organisations and individuals over two years.

14658: 14653: 14313: 13206: 12915: 12387:

No Last Rights: The Denial of Justice and the Promotion of Myth in the Aftermath of the Hillsborough Disaster

11141: 10294: 10268: 10149: 7785: 5998: 5921: 4535: 4346: 3548: 707:(SYMAS) was that ambulances were to queue at the entrance to the gymnasium under the North Stand, termed the 11356: 10639: 1870: 347:

The first coroner's inquests into the Hillsborough disaster, completed in 1991, concluded with verdicts of "

14603: 14598: 14409: 13751: 13716: 13628: 13497: 13433: 13254: 13099: 13083: 13019: 10102:"Is it time to forgive and forget Kelvin Mackenzie and the Sun over the lies they told about Hillsborough?" 6576: 5140: 3615: 2692: 2365:

Liverpool fans unfurl a banner displaying the names of the deceased on the 20th anniversary of the disaster

2188:

A headstone at the junction of Middlewood Road, Leppings Lane and Wadsley Lane, near the ground and by the

2122: 1971: 904:

of the 1988–89 English Football League season, contested on 26 May 1989 between Liverpool and second-place

492: 139: 12782: 11761:"Hillsborough verdict finds Liverpool fans unlawfully killed, fans blameless and shocking police failures" 9364: 6701: 5075: 3032:

was the only major UK newspaper not to give the story front-page coverage other than fellow News UK-owned

14683: 14578: 14099: 13676: 13668: 13644: 13294: 13198: 12931: 12832: 12823: 12807: 12619: 9111: 5807: 5294: 4939:, pp. 131–157, Part 2: Chapter 4. Emergency response and aftermath: 'routinely requested to attend'. 4301: 3668: 3483: 3305: 2507: 1993:, for having altered 68 police officers' statements in order to "mask the failings" of the police force. 1982: 1288: 1010: 388: 264: 13636: 2592:

ran a story alleging that "Police saw 'sick spectacle of pilfering from the dying'." Peter McKay in the

14693: 14519: 14166: 14159: 14081: 13588: 13230: 13222: 9634: 5440: 5371: 4179:"Before Hillsborough fans were seen as terrace fodder. Now they are customers to be wooed and cosseted" 3275: 2987: 2291: 1408:

was the first English football stadium to fulfil the safety recommendations of the Taylor Report, with

973: 893:, held just five weeks after the Hillsborough disaster, the players from both participating teams wore 747: 475: 383:, David Crompton, following the verdict. In June 2017, six people were charged with offences including 9734: 2968:

journalists from entering their grounds in response to the coverage of Hillsborough by the newspaper.

2618:

wrote that the "Anfield Army charged on to the terrace behind the goal—many without tickets", and the

1715:, the High Court quashed the verdicts in the original inquests and ordered fresh inquests to be held. 1520:

to investigate the best way for this information to be made public. In April 2009, the Home Secretary

1017:

by his family to have his treatment withdrawn, a landmark challenge which succeeded in November 1992.

737:

not all did, and none initially had been given any information about the situation inside the stadium.

14031: 13596: 13401: 13075: 12963: 6626: 3402: 3149:

Aspinall, chair of the Hillsborough Family Support Group, whose son James, 18, died in the disaster:

2759:, believing: "all I did wrong was tell the truth ... I was not sorry then and I'm not sorry now". On 2005: 1839: 868: 743: 396: 12328: 9860: 9793: 9708: 9339:"YNWA: Andrew Devine Memorial Chair unveiled at Spion Kop Lodge in South Africa beside bench for 96" 4178: 2751:

MacKenzie maintained for years that his "only mistake was to believe a Tory MP". In 1993, he told a

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s 19 April 1989 "The Truth" article (see below) other newspapers published similar allegations; the

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and two Manchester United fan groups called for an end to the "sick chants". Leeds United chairman

3041: 2901:, clever lowlife, but lowlife". A press conference held by families of the victims also banned all 2803:

organised a less successful national boycott that had some impact on the paper's sales nationally.

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leading the team and management staff onto the pitch. Team captain Steven Gerrard and vice-captain

2207: 1624:

in an attempt to "impugn their reputation". The report concluded that the then Conservative MP for

1621: 1214: 1037: 976:" was not used because it had recently been re-recorded for the Bradford City stadium fire appeal. 941: 822: 432: 428: 12288: 10578: 8313: 5948:"Two doctors who criticised Hillsborough ambulance response speak of "vindication" after inquests" 14668: 14643: 14545: 14298: 13984: 13744: 13513: 13473: 13035: 11835:"Q&A: Fox's Steven Cohen on the Advertiser Boycott Over His Remarks on Soccer Stadium Deaths" 11741: 10401: 9829: 9551: 3433: 2614: 2556: 1985:. Former Sheffield Wednesday F.C. Club Secretary Graham Mackrell faced a charge of breaching the 1909:

The report identified 25 'points of learning', of which the following drew particular attention:

1687: 1421: 985:

lingering effects of the disaster were seen as a cause, or contributory factor, in all of these.

837: 806: 783: 12582:

Words of tribute: An anthology of 95 poems written after the Hillsborough tragedy, 15 April 1989

11548: 8724:"Hillsborough match commander David Duckenfield appears in court at start of manslaughter trial" 8253: 7735:"Hillsborough disaster: Why have freemasons been banned from the 1989 tragedy 'cover up' probe?" 6694:"Report summary (Page 5 of 14): Summary of Chapter 3: Custom, practice, roles, responsibilities" 6319: 2836:

condemned the apology as "cynical and shameless". In 2012, under the headline "The Real Truth",

2295:

Bench at Spion Kop, South Africa, acting as a permanent memorial to those killed at Hillsborough

14389: 14373: 14060: 13612: 13481: 13393: 13353: 13043: 12872: 12800: 10431:"Hillsborough: 20 years on, Liverpool has still not forgiven the newspaper it calls 'The Scum'" 10202:"Hillsborough: 20 years on, Liverpool has still not forgiven the newspaper it calls 'The Scum'" 2845:... for that we're deeply ashamed and profoundly sorry". Following the second inquest in 2016, 2638:

extent or circumstances of the disaster had been confirmed or even reported. This included the

2563:—began to shift the blame onto the behaviour of the Liverpool fans at the stadium, making it a 2531: 2431: 2424: 2029: 1968: 1762: 1567: 945: 532: 488: 440: 316: 292: 13537: 11092: 5386: 14140: 13553: 13318: 13302: 12947: 12923: 12907: 12864: 12848: 12264:"ESPN's Hillsborough documentary can't be aired in the United Kingdom thanks to British laws" 11600: 11058: 8775: 8124:"Statements from the CPS, IPCC and Operation Resolve following Hillsborough inquests verdict" 3471: 2452: 2304: 2265: 2040: 1056: 965: 949: 652: 487:

Hillsborough hosted five FA Cup semi-finals in the 1980s. During the 1981 semi-final between

11574: 11002: 10546: 10485: 10174: 9656: 9608: 8959: 8904: 8801: 8749: 8697: 8645: 8593: 8567: 8505: 8479: 8347: 8105: 8021: 7583:"Freemason police officers tried to 'shift blame' after Hillsborough disaster, inquest told" 7274: 7125: 6524: 4151: 4010: 3951: 3720: 3695: 1284:

those pens was likely to cause injuries; to allow in a large stream was courting disaster".

671:

service were overwhelmed. Many uninjured fans were assisting the injured; several attempted

14273: 14263: 14248: 13529: 13465: 13441: 13369: 13123: 11288: 11254: 11194: 9794:"Giggs showed that even in a cash-conscious age the game has moments which defy evaluation" 8538: 7178: 7096:"Hillsborough: Football fans' behaviour made police's job harder, says Sir Norman Bettison" 5840: 2604: 2330: 2308: 2300: 2159:

Several memorials have been erected in memory of the victims of the Hillsborough disaster.

2111: 1955: 1894: 1832: 1536: 1259:(1 August 1989) which laid out the events of the day and immediate conclusions; and a 993: 930: 680: 664: 566: 451: 424: 412: 320: 272: 268: 117: 34: 10952:"The Hillsborough Verdict Shows People Still Haven't Forgiven The Sun Even After 27 Years" 10078: 10000: 9961: 8453: 2288:

typically request that they are not scheduled to play on the anniversary of the disaster.

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A memorial plaque dedicated to the 96 at Goodison Park in Liverpool, home of local rivals

2261:

in April 2013, with the hands indicating 3:06 (the time at which the match was abandoned).

1373: 8: 14500: 14243: 14106: 13901: 13604: 13521: 13457: 13417: 13377: 13361: 13246: 12987: 11670: 11622: 4044: 3827: 3259: 3255: 3226: 2586:

accused the Liverpool fans of being "drunk and violent and their actions were vile", and

2413: 2401:

to the families of all the victims. Candles were lit for each of the 96 people who died.

2398: 2378: 2333:, the Bishop of Liverpool, was attended by past and present Liverpool players, including 2329:

signalled by match referee from that day, Ray Lewis. A service led by the Right Reverend

2275: 2258: 2189: 2024: 1951: 1898: 1773:

to the families of those killed at Hillsborough and to the city of Liverpool as a whole.

1540: 1505: 1446: 1442: 844:. The first reading was read by Liverpool goalkeeper Bruce Grobbelaar. Liverpool players 814: 656: 356: 352: 12777: 12097: 4950: 4647:"4 Death on the Terraces: The Contexts and Injustices of the 1989 Hillsborough Disaster" 4409:"Sheffield licensing officer from time of Hillsborough disaster still works for council" 3254:; some of our so-called fans have also been guilty as well, particularly in relation to 2905:

reporters from entering, with a sign on the door reading "NO ENTRY TO SUN JOURNALISTS".

2724: 1356:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

14623: 13780: 13545: 13505: 13286: 13238: 13190: 13147: 13139: 13115: 13091: 11284: 10697: 10370: 6458: 5540:"Mum pays tribute to teenage Hillsborough victim Lee Nicol from Smollett Street Bootle" 4674: 3463: 3104: 3007: 2382: 2317: 2229: 2065:

called for the law to be changed to "prevent another catastrophic failure of justice".

1613: 1389: 341: 309: 11250: 10783:"Hillsborough: Kelvin MacKenzie offers 'profuse apologies to the people of Liverpool'" 9770: 8254:"British government stops short of introducing Hillsborough law in response to report" 4208: 3290:, commented: "How insensitive does somebody have to be to write that load of drivel?" 646: 14074: 14026: 13700: 13334: 13027: 12716: 12709: 12689: 12670: 12648: 12635: 12604: 12585: 12567: 12561: 12552: 12531: 12513: 12494: 12475: 12449: 12416: 12390: 12371: 12211: 11102: 11068: 10817:"Not Even The Sun Could Have Expected This Level of Anger After Hillsborough Inquest" 10377: 9812: 9231: 8352: 8156:"UK government to publish response to report on experiences of Hillsborough families" 6295: 5851: 5835: 5833: 5831: 5829: 5827: 5825: 5420: 5392: 5321: 4678: 4666: 4646: 4598: 4564: 4127:"The great betrayal: how the Hillsborough families were failed by the justice system" 3897: 3271: 2644: 2599:

police sources blamed the behaviour of a section of Liverpool fans for the disaster.

2588: 2182:

A memorial stone in the pavement on the south side of Liverpool's Anglican cathedral.

2044: 2016:

was insufficient evidence against the police officer to charge him with the offence.

1796: 1750: 1609: 1434: 1401: 934: 886: 790: 775: 771: 751: 668: 578: 471: 337: 3413:

Further extracts from what Eileen Delaney said on the programme can be found on the

2688: 2455:(which ended in Liverpool winning 4–0) and was followed by former Liverpool player, 2406: 1287:

The report noted that the official capacity of the central pens was 2,200, that the

14533: 14491: 14233: 14132: 14067: 14053: 13968: 13660: 13561: 13163: 12995: 12880: 12631: 12620:"The investigation of the Hillsborough Disaster by the Health and Safety Executive" 11404: 11190: 8534: 6884:"Hillsborough report: FA could face charges, lawyers tell Liverpool fans' families" 5032:"Ambulances Got 'Stuck' As They Tried to Enter Hillsborough Stadium, Inquests Hear" 4658: 3590: 3556:

first aired in the US on 15 April 2014, the 25th anniversary of the disaster.

3487: 3475: 3258:." "Munich" is a reference to the deaths of eight Manchester United players in the 3250:

endorsed this call in the club programme and stated, "Leeds have suffered at times

3166: 3054:

newsroom on the day of the verdict had anything to do with the editorial decision.

2594: 2514: 2484: 2200: 1724: 1709: 1664: 1199: 1048:

is believed to be the main reason he took his own life at age 50 in February 2011.

969: 633: 372: 368: 348: 14342: 12304:"Anne review – Maxine Peake exudes raw horror in extraordinary Hillsborough drama" 12135: 11644: 9909: 7995: 7761:"South Yorkshire police to ask IPCC to investigate Hillsborough officers' conduct" 7688:"Hillsborough: Freemason cops banned from working on criminal probe into cover-up" 7199: 5822: 2728: 2521:, read out a list of the victims and, as a result, the names were recorded in the 1659:, Sheffield Wednesday Football Club, South Yorkshire Police, and former editor of 1225:

Popper had excluded the witness evidence of two qualified Merseyside doctors (Drs

14460: 13059: 11789: 11686:"Hillsborough disaster: Sir Oliver Popplewell outrages campaigners with comments" 11521: 10584: 10524: 8827: 8671: 8160: 7969: 7609:"Hillsborough: David Duckenfield was in same Masons lodge as officer he replaced" 7352: 7249: 7223: 6246: 5686:"Steven Gerrard says death of his cousin at Hillsborough was biggest inspiration" 5318:

Charity Fund-Raising and the Public Interest: An Anglo-American legal perspective

4838: 4365:"Safety failings that contributed to death of 96 Liverpool fans were foreseeable" 3611:

Two British stage plays also dealt with the disaster with different view points:

3560: 3479: 3437: 3210: 2958: 2950: 2787: 2456: 2438: 2394: 2369:

In 2009, on the 20th anniversary of the disaster, Liverpool's request that their

2338: 2147: 2054: 1813: 1524:

announced she had requested secret files concerning the disaster be made public.

1397: 926: 878: 721: 684: 645:; possibly connected to the excitement, a surge in pen 3 caused one of its metal 638: 380: 280: 131: 12753: 12060:"Why the people of Liverpool are totally justified in holding Topman to account" 12008:"Ingham STILL refuses to say sorry for blaming Liverpool fans over Hillsborough" 9497:"Thousands flock to Anfield as Liverpool marks 20th anniversary of Hillsborough" 4662: 2475:

On Wednesday 19 April 1989, four days after the disaster, the second leg of the

2185:

A memorial garden in Hillsborough Park with a "You'll never walk alone" gateway.

1780:

apologised to the families for the failures of his 1997 review of the disaster.

614: 14465: 13767: 12548: 11054: 10079:"The Immediate Aftermath – The Media Reaction – Hillsborough Football Disaster" 8325: 8258: 7512:"Jack Straw on 1997 Hillsborough inquiry: 'I wish I could turn the clock back'" 4297:

Cmd 9710: Committee of Inquiry into Crowd Safety at Sports Grounds Final Report

3924:"Not 'justice' but full truth may finally be possible for Hillsborough victims" 3671:– a 2022 disaster in Indonesia involving tear gas being used against supporters 3547:

series of sports films (under a new "Soccer Stories" subdivision). Directed by

3458:

A television drama, based on the disaster and subsequent events, titled simply

3359: 3287: 3214: 3186: 3123: 2828: 2756: 2700: 2626: 2620: 2518: 2402: 2164: 2107: 2081: 1758: 1712: 1629: 1393: 1045: 1033: 953: 921: 794: 724:

waiting in ambulances at the CRP, which quickly deteriorated into an ambulance

447: 436: 288: 12792: 10698:"Newspaper review: Hillsborough 'justice' hailed, but not on Sun's front page" 9819: 9017:"Government stops short of introducing Hillsborough Law in response to report" 7531:"Kelvin MacKenzie is still blaming other people for S*n's shameful front page" 4978:"Ambulanceman's Struggle to Live with Decisions Made on Pitch at Hillsborough" 4726: 4591:"Hillsborough police officer in command 'had little training' for 1989 FA Cup" 4525:"Witness statement of Chief Superintendent Brian Mole, South Yorkshire Police" 3436:

led an investigation into the Hillsborough disaster in Series 9, Episode 3 of

2856: 2118:, a Hillsborough victim in a persistent vegetative state, to be switched off. 1849: 552: 14567: 14450: 14253: 14238: 12445: 12412: 11088: 9753: 9235: 9041: 8281: 8048:"Hillsborough Investigation Update: Independent Police Complaints Commission" 7867:"Hillsborough tragedy: Norman Bettison to retire after controversy over role" 7437:"Calls for prosecutions after 'greatest miscarriage of justice of our times'" 6343:"Scrutiny of Evidence Relating to the Hillsborough Football Stadium Disaster" 6294:

Stand Up Sit Down – A Choice to Watch Football. Peter Caton 2012. Troubador.

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individuals, schools and businesses. Other fundraising activities included a

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while standing. Meanwhile, on the pitch, police, stewards and members of the

509: 501: 328: 324: 246: 218: 161: 148: 28: 12182: 11496:"Hillsborough: Boris Johnson apologises for slurs in 2004 Spectator article" 7919:"Hillsborough disaster: watchdog to launch biggest ever inquiry into police" 4754:"Bruce Grobbelaar: I heard the crowd at Hillsborough cry 'Please help us..'" 2667: 2086: 1812:(IPCC). West Yorkshire Police announced it would refer its Chief Constable, 1783:

Kelvin MacKenzie, who wrote the now-infamous "The Truth" front page for the

1416:

being the first new stadium to be built that fulfilled the recommendations.

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Scrutiny of Evidence Relating to the Hillsborough Football Stadium Disaster

11466:"Hillsborough: Boris Johnson 'very, very' sorry for blaming Liverpool fans" 11246: 11098: 11064: 10978:"The S*n hides behind wall of silence after landmark Hillsborough verdicts" 10644: 10463: 10435: 10397: 9417: 9288:"Anfield's Hillsborough memorial service to be held for last time in April" 9139:"Everton FC to unveil tribute to Hillsborough 96 ahead of Merseyside derby" 8847:"How David Duckenfield's trial left Hillsborough families distraught again" 8427: 8401: 8375: 7817: 7709:"Freemasons barred from investigation into alleged Hillsborough 'cover-up'" 7692: 7224:"Hillsborough inquests: Jury reaches decision on unlawful killing question" 6647: 6417:"Hillsborough Independent Panel: Disclosed Material and Report | Home page" 6220: 5782:"Timeline of a 27 year fight for the truth after the Hillsborough disaster" 5690: 4642: 3987: 3599: 3594: 3347: 3190: 3145: 3046: 3037: 2973: 2969: 2928: 2807: 2792: 2739: 2718: 2564: 2548: 2361: 2217: 1978: 1754: 1592: 1577: 1528: 1521: 1501: 1405: 1032:. Jon-Paul Gilhooley, aged 10, was the youngest person to die. His cousin, 905: 890: 833: 797: 767: 642: 632:

the pens and a few police at that end of the pitch. Liverpool's goalkeeper

587: 513: 384: 376: 301: 13736: 9962:"Hillsborough: 97th victim's family 'proud' of Freedom of Liverpool award" 6624:

Tozer, James (14 September 2012). "41 could have survived stadium crush".

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into the deaths were opened and adjourned immediately after the disaster.

894: 14475: 14205: 12704: 10924: 10756: 10667:"Hillsborough: The Sun 'profoundly sorry' over false fan conduct reports" 10520:"Liverpool Vs The Sun: How the City Rid Itself of the UK's Biggest Paper" 8321: 8228: 8195: 7557:"Watch ex-S*n editor Kelvin MacKenzie squirm as he's chased by cameraman" 6910:"Hillsborough families call for Sheffield Wednesday manslaughter inquiry" 6664:"Hillsborough files: Report raises spectre of criminal cases and shaming" 5731: 4901: 4858:"Senior Hillsborough police officer denies that he was too slow to react" 4398:, Part 2: Chapter 1. 1981–1989: unheeded warnings, the seeds of disaster. 4244:"Hillsborough families call for Sheffield Wednesday manslaughter inquiry" 3503: 3230: 2580:

headline on the same day reported "Dead fans robbed by drunk thugs"; the

2500: 2496: 2445: 2342: 2062: 2001: 1890: 1803: 1738: 1683: 1652: 1632:, passed inaccurate and untrue information from the police to the press. 1581: 1513: 1509: 849: 779: 592: 459: 181: 12747: 11716:"Former judge tells Hillsborough families to drop 'conspiracy theories'" 10874:"Sun and Times front pages criticised for ignoring Hillsborough verdict" 8529: 6988:"Hillsborough: home secretary says law-breakers must face investigation" 5050: 4557:"Hillsborough inquest hears of police commander's transfer before match" 3983:"Hillsborough disaster: David Cameron apologises for 'double injustice'" 3622:

showed a father coming to terms with what had happened some years later.

3197:, that the actions of hooligans led to the fencing-in of football fans. 2167:

in memory of the fans who lost their lives in the Hillsborough disaster.

1858: 1496:. After the disaster's 20th anniversary in April 2009, supported by the 988: 690: 12540: 10228:"Hillsborough report: Prime Minister David Cameron's statement in full" 6398: 5265:"Feature: It's Up For Grabs Now – The 20th Anniversary Of Anfield 1989" 3978: 3342: 3181: 2782: 2681:

On 19 April, four days after the disaster, Kelvin MacKenzie, editor of

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showing no sign of improvement. This followed a legal challenge in the

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were collectively able to transport approximately 149 people to either

496: 305: 297: 6962:"Premier League chairman must resign, says Hillsborough support group" 6340: 2953:

defended this decision, saying: "I don't think it should all be about

2412:

Other services took place at the same time, including at the Anglican

2080:

1 A.C. 310, was eventually appealed to the Appellate Committee of the

916:

A disaster appeal fund was set up with donations of £500,000 from the

12034:"Petition to strip Bernard Ingham of his knighthood for blaming fans" 11662: 11094:

Liverpool – Wondrous Place: From the Cavern to the Capital of Culture

9883: 8990:"Hillsborough families to sue police for 'abuse on industrial scale'" 8960:"Hillsborough: Police forces agree cover-up compensation for victims" 8828:"Hillsborough police chief David Duckenfield cleared of manslaughter" 7328:"Tears of joy as inquest jury exonerates the 96 Hillsborough victims" 4723:"BBC Panorama 2013: Hillsborough Disaster. How They Buried the Truth" 4205:"Deaths and Injuries at Major Accidents at British Football Stadiums" 3582: 3543: 3397: 3247: 3194: 3016: 2349:

A gospel choir performed and the ceremony ended with a rendition of "

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A third legal case which resulted from the Hillsborough disaster was

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calling for accountability and the prosecution of those responsible.

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Risks associated with confining fans in pens were highlighted by the

276: 127: 74: 14552: 12739:(includes digital archives of material used for the panel's inquiry) 11809:"Civil servant sacked for offensive Knowledge edits on Hillsborough" 10139:"Original 'copy' of Hillsborough story filed by White's news agency" 8698:"Hillsborough match commander David Duckenfield denies manslaughter" 8568:"Hillsborough trial: Men acquitted as judge rules no case to answer" 5974:"The two doctors who criticised the Hillsborough ambulance response" 5513:"Hillsborough: Brian Reade on the day that changed football forever" 4500:"David Bernstein makes unreserved apology for Hillsborough disaster" 4073:"Hillsborough inquests jury rules 96 victims were unlawfully killed" 2092:

Another psychiatric injury claim was brought to the House of Lords,

948:" was released in aid of those affected. The record was produced by 11919:"Flashback: The Hillsborough Disaster and the Fall of Steven Cohen" 11839: 11165:"Times front page omitting Hillsborough changed after staff revolt" 9087:"Anfield memorial updated in honour of 97th victim of Hillsborough" 7786:"Justice for Hillsborough Victims and Families: What Happens Next?" 6936:"Hillsborough: Sheffield Wednesday and police urged to admit blame" 4100:"South Yorkshire police chief suspended after Hillsborough verdict" 3589:

campaign to reveal the truth about her son's death, which aired on

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visited Hillsborough the day after the disaster and met survivors.

725: 583: 11950:"Hillsborough mum tells of Sir Bernard Ingham's "hurtful" letters" 11435:"The truth about that awful Boris Johnson 'quote' on Hillsborough" 10025: 10023: 10021: 7893:"Hillsborough disaster: the new evidence under IPCC investigation" 7044:"Hillsborough: Norman Bettison resigns from West Yorkshire police" 5839: 3229:

competition in South Africa, the UK's Culture and Sport Secretary

3040:

described the incident as "disgusting as it is unsurprising", and

2731:

urinated, vomited and emptied their bowels as they were crushed."

2257:

An eight-foot-high clock, dating from the 1780s, was installed at

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A 20-minute video of the disaster in Windows Media Player format.

11300: 11266: 11206: 11029:"Everton join Liverpool in banning Sun journalists over coverage" 9824: 9765: 8905:"Lack of Hillsborough accountability is a scandal, says minister" 8550: 8188:"Bishop's review of Hillsborough families' experiences published" 7489:"Jack Straw expresses regret over failure of Hillsborough review" 7382: 6782: 6724:"Hillsborough Disaster Report Published – Wednesday 12 September" 4805:"Senior police officer did not step in, Hillsborough trial hears" 4300:. The Stationery Office, London. 1986. p. 62. Archived from 3493: 2917: 2523: 2152: 2012: 1639:

The evidence it released online included altered police reports.

1459: 1413: 1377: 1191: 1025: 801: 12161:"Hillsborough Drama Shown Again on ITV Tonight at 10:20 pm" 11972: 11970: 11742:"Hillsborough disaster: Probe into South Yorkshire police email" 10900:"S*n and Times slammed for ignoring Hillsborough on front pages" 7635:"Hillsborough tragedy: Did the Freemasons influence the Police?" 7353:"Hillsborough inquests: Reaction to unlawful killing conclusion" 7302:"Margaret Aspinall: I am so grateful to the people of Liverpool" 6600:"Hillsborough disaster: new inquest likely after damning report" 5660:"Peter Thompson, 30 – Hillsborough 96 – Hillsborough Remembered" 4271:"How Bradford fire neglect left Hillsborough doomed to disaster" 2513:

During a 2011 debate in the House of Commons, the Labour MP for

2373:, scheduled for 15 April, be played the day before was granted. 1737:

On the day after the verdicts were reached, the Home Secretary,

1616:. Their report was in 395 pages and delivered 153 key findings. 1309:

control, overestimated the element of drunkenness in the crowd.

1009:

after nearly four years, during which time he had remained in a

399:

subsequently dropped all charges against one of the defendants.

14047: 10579:"Sun boycott reduced Euroscepticism on Merseyside, study shows" 10018: 8932:"Hillsborough families attack 'ludicrous' acquittals of police" 8620:"Hillsborough match commander David Duckenfield can face trial" 8506:"David Duckenfield faces Hillsborough charges with five others" 7945:"IPCC Hillsborough inquiry is another vindication for families" 7070:"Hillsborough: police chief 'boasted' of role in smearing fans" 6779:"Kelvin MacKenzie offers 'profuse apologies' over Hillsborough" 3371: 2877:

coverage when he appeared at a hearing of the House of Commons

2299:

From 2007, an annual Hillsborough Memorial service was held at

1550:

Christine Gifford, expert in the field of access to information

1029: 536: 284: 12601:

The Hillsborough Football Disaster: Context & Consequences

12562:

Joint Working Party on Ground Safety and Public Order (1991).

12361:

Hillsborough: The Report of the Hillsborough Independent Panel

11893:"Steven Cohen Blames Liverpool Fans For Hillsborough Disaster" 10757:"Hillsborough files: Reaction to release of government papers" 9979: 9977: 9975: 9314:"Liverpool fans to unveil Andrew Devine memorial on Spion Kop" 7462:"Labour Party: 'Greatest miscarriage of justice of our times'" 6674: 5634:"Steven Brown, 25 – Hillsborough 96 – Hillsborough Remembered" 3952:"Hillsborough papers: Cameron apology over 'double injustice'" 3748:"Liverpool fan's death ruled as 97th of Hillsborough disaster" 2011:

It was announced in December 2017 that a police officer and a

435:(FA) as a neutral venue to host the FA Cup semi-final between 12001: 11999: 11967: 10267:. London: Northern & Shell. 19 April 1989. Archived from 10035: