1189:
55:
915:-caused disturbances, such as wildland fires and construction activities, have contributed to a rapid increase in the spread of non-native plants. A number of these species aggressively invade and displace the native plant communities, resulting in impacts on the park's resources. Non-native plants can bring about significant changes in park ecosystems by altering the native plant communities and the processes that support them. Some non-native species may cause an increase in the fire frequency of an area or increase the available nitrogen in the soil that may allow more non-native plants to become established. Many non-native species, such as
1170:
1118:
272:
483:
70:
640:
371:
1040:. The current outbreak began in 1973 and has been sweeping around the south side of the Cathedral Range, arriving at Sunrise High Sierra Camp in 2001. The Ghost Forest which was evident at the crest between Tenaya Lake and Tuolumne Meadows in the late 1970s was noticeably reforested by 2000. Lodgepole needle miner defoliation currently extends over approximately 40,000 acres (160 km), with nearly 10,000 acres (40 km) of low to high mortality each year.
782:
1346:
900:
1481:
474:, the lower montane forest has the same elevation, but precipitation decreases and the forest mixes with chaparral. In the southern Sierra, the lower montane forest occurs between 3,000 to 5,000 feet (900 to 1,500 m), but can range as high as 6,000 feet (1,800 m), with ponderosa pine dominating the landscape. Unlike further north, the geology of the southern lower montane forest is dominated by granite.
2395:
2315:
2102:
2043:
2000:
1616:
501:, the mid-montane forest occurs from 3,000 to 6,000 feet (900 to 1,800 m). Between Tahoe and Yosemite, the forest ranges from 4,000 to 6,000 feet (1,200 to 1,800 m), while south of Yosemite, it occurs between 5,000 to 7,000 feet (1,500 to 2,100 m). The mid-montane zone has a mixed forest of
682:. The vegetation and ecology is determined by the harsh climate, with extensive snow and wind. In addition, soils are thin and nutrient-poor. Due to these harsh conditions, vegetation grows slowly and at low temperatures. In addition, the stressful environment suppress species competition and promotes
1522:
restores to natural conditions wetlands that have been drained or filled in the past. Most recently in
Yosemite Valley, the Cook's Meadow restoration project involved filling old drainage ditches that were draining the meadow and removing an old roadbed that was inhibiting water flow. These actions
1151:
1063:
lodgepole pine forests, fire plays a smaller role, and so the needle miner assumes greater importance in lodgepole pine forest population dynamics in the Sierra Nevada. However, Rocky
Mountain lodgepole forest dynamics are also heavily influenced by insect outbreaks, primarily bark beetles.
262:
The altitudes listed for the biotic zones are for the central Sierra Nevada. The climate across the north–south axis of the range varies somewhat: the boundary elevations of the biotic zones move by as much as 1,000 feet (300 m) from the north end to the south end of the range.
558:
begins at higher elevations near 7,000 feet (2,100 m), where the montane climate is characterized by short, moist, cool summers and cold, wet winters. Snow begins to fall in
November and may accumulate to depths up to 6 feet (1.8 m) and remain until June. Pure stands of
657:
near 9,000 feet (2,700 m), where the climate is cooler with an even shorter growing season due to long, cold, and snowy winters. Accumulations of three to nine feet (1 to 2.5 m) of snow are typical. The most common tree in the subalpine forest is the
258:
The western and eastern Sierra Nevada have substantially different species of plants and animals, because the east lies in the rain shadow of the crest. The plants and animals in the east are thus adapted to much drier conditions.
881:
Below 5,000 feet (1,500 m), there is not enough precipitation to support trees. The zones below this elevation are the
Sagebrush Scrub Zone, Saltbush Scrub Zone, and the Alkali Sink Zone. These zones are distinguished by
1225:
refers to those species that might be declining or be in need of concentrated conservation actions to prevent decline. Therefore, these six species continue to be evaluated and managed by the
National Park Service.
1861:
Fites-Kauffman, J.; P. W. Rundel; N. Stephenson; D. A. Weixelman (2007). "Montane and subalpine vegetation of the Sierra Nevada and
Cascade Ranges". In Barbour, M.G.; Keeler-Wolf, T.; Schoenherr, A.A. (eds.).
1229:
Four state-listed rare plant species are considered restricted and limited throughout all or a significant portion of their range, and may represent disjunct populations at the extreme end of their range:
1462:
and along lakeshores and are influenced by seasonal variations in groundwater levels. These wetlands are rare in the mountain range, but support an abundance of warm-water loving plant and animal species.
630:
The elevation of the upper montane zone shifts with latitude: it occurs from 6,000 to 8,000 feet (1,800 to 2,400 m) north of
Yosemite, and 7,000 to 9,000 feet (2,100 to 2,700 m) to the south.
1440:
wetlands are found within river and stream channels and are strongly influenced by seasonal runoff patterns. When inundated, riverine wetlands provide habitat for water-tolerant plants such as
298:, an area that is hot and dry in the summer with very little or no snow in the winter. The foothills are vegetated with grasslands of mostly non-native grasses, mixed grasslands and woodlands
1512:
1036:" and jackstrawed trees are still conspicuous throughout Sierra Nevada. Annual monitoring of lodgepole needle miner density began in 1966, and 28 permanent plots are scattered north of the
953:) have been identified as noxious pests in Yosemite since the 1940s. Additional species that have been recognized more recently as aggressive and requiring control are yellow starthistle,
1492:
has made substantial progress toward protecting and restoring wetland habitats. All federal land in the Sierra Nevada complies with a 1990 Presidential
Executive Order that mandates '
1073:
239:
at the higher elevations. Particular ecoregions that follow elevation contours are often described as a series of belts that follow the length of the Sierra Nevada. There are many
1968:
723:
begins near 10,500 feet (3,200 m) elevation (in the southern Sierra) and near 9,000 feet (2,700 m) (in the north). This zone is easily distinguished as it is above the
1469:
wetlands are typically distinguished from riverine and lacustrine systems by the presence of very dense covers of trees, shrubs, or emergent plants. This wetland type includes
1025:
from becoming effective control agents and allows populations to escalate rapidly. While regular prehistoric outbreaks of lodgepole needle miners have been confirmed through
2399:
727:. No trees grow in this zone due to the harsh climatic conditions. Short, cool summers with long, cold, and snowy winters are typical at these elevations. Many exposed
419:: the ponderosa pine generally occurs on the west side of the Sierra, while the Jeffrey pine occurs on the east. The lower montane forests also include trees such as
1048:
1095:. There are at least 450 species of vertebrate animals. A total of 135 plant species in the Sierra Nevada have status as Threatened, Endangered, or Sensitive
2440:
2415:
1523:
are currently being monitored with vegetation transects and mapping of surface water to determine how successful the project was in restoring the wetland.
1503:
delineated and classified some of the wetlands of the Sierra Nevada, including all of
Yosemite National Park. This was performed through an analysis of
911:
within park boundaries. These non-native plants were introduced into
Yosemite following the migration of early settlers in the late 1850s. Natural and
731:
outcroppings, talus slopes, and boulder fields limit the amount of vegetation that grows here. The herbaceous plants need to flower and produce their
1762:
532:
North of Tahoe, the mid-montane forest has more white fir and Douglas-fir, and less ponderosa pine than further south. Jeffrey pine occurs on
1188:
2172:
285:
1979:
1706:
2111:
2324:
2009:
705:, while to the north, the subalpine forest ranges from 8,000 to 10,000 feet (2,400 to 3,000 m) and the foxtail pine is absent.
2430:
1625:
2052:
1515:(NWI). The NWI maps have not been rigorously ground-truthed and only delineate wetlands larger than 5 acres (2 ha) in size.
1500:
714:
781:
1590:
1563:
1418:
Each of these types of wetlands varies in geographic distribution, duration of saturation, vegetation community, and overall
744:
459:
is found in montane forests of the central Sierra Nevada, at elevations of 4,790 to 11,910 feet (1,460 to 3,630 m).
17:
2139:
2080:
549:
382:
2379:
2364:
2195:
A Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Natural History Summary and Survey Protocol: Technical Report NPS/NAUCPRS/NRTR-97/12
1889:
1745:
1687:
466:, the lower montane forest ranges from 2,000 to 4,000 feet (600 to 1,200 m), with less ponderosa pine and more
1678:
2268:
2218:
1918:
1389:, distributed at elevations from 3,000 to 11,000 feet (910 to 3,350 m), are generally wetlands, as are the
805:
The four highest eastern biotic zones are the same as the western zones, but at a higher elevation, due to less
1555:
604:
1953:
686:. The marginal conditions make the Sierra Nevada subalpine zone sensitive to environmental changes, such as
788:
760:
648:
99:
1940:
Imshaug, H.A. (1957). "Alpine lichens of western United States and adjacent Canada, I. The Macrolichens".
1707:"Chapter 33-Ecological subregions of the United States, Sierran Steppe - Mixed Forest - Coniferous Forest"
701:, the subalpine forest ranges from 9,000 to 11,000 feet (2,700 to 3,400 m) of elevation and contains
387:
Beginning near the 3,000-foot (900 m) elevation, the hot, dry summers and cool, moist winters of the
54:
1770:
1354:
1279:
806:
768:
497:
The mid-montane forest grows on the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada at moderate elevations. North of
291:
624:
2247:
2405:
2194:
1546:
Hoekstra, J. M.; Molnar, J. L.; Jennings, M.; Revenga, C.; et al. (2010). Molnar, J. L. (ed.).
1905:
Lloyd, A.H.; L.J. Graumlich (1997). "Holocene dynamics of tree line forests in the Sierra Nevada".
1319:
463:
130:
403:
during the winter is not uncommon and can stay on the ground for several months. The diversity of
2435:
2192:
1017:). It lives mostly within the needles of lodgepole pine for two years, emerging as a little gray
319:
2409:
1493:
1309:
1194:
1169:
1099:
1014:
993:
916:
698:
491:
295:
2332:
2140:"Appendix C, Assessments of Individual Species: Endangered, Threatened, and Proposed Species"
2119:
2060:
2017:
1633:
1580:
1550:
The Atlas of Global Conservation: Changes, Challenges, and Opportunities to Make a Difference
1519:
1254:
1137:
764:
679:
616:
444:
388:
335:
1829:
1822:
1714:
1477:. They provide cover and forage for wildlife traveling between upland and aquatic habitats.
1047:
fires are frequent in lodgepole pine communities, they usually remain small, with estimated
1976:
Inventory & Monitoring, Sierra Nevada Network Sequoia & Kings Canyon National Parks
1821:
Griffith, GE; Omernik, JM; Smith, DW; Cook, TD; Tallyn, M; Moseley, K; Johnson, CB (2016).
1123:
1052:
962:
875:
851:
555:
420:
396:
343:
290:
The lowest-elevation biotic zone in the Sierra Nevada is found along the boundary with the
33:
1117:
678:
from July through August. Many species live in, or are transient in, this zone, including
294:. This zone, stretching in elevation from 500 to 3,500 feet (150 to 1,070 m), is the
8:
1784:
1208:
1098:
Plants that are Federal species of concern (former Category 2 species) under the Federal
1059:, structure, fuels, and natural processes in lodgepole forests. Also, in comparison with
1056:
1029:, historic records document outbreaks from 1903 to 1921, 1933 to 1941, and 1947 to 1963.
683:
452:
323:
244:
82:
878:. The Pinyon-Juniper Woodland Zone extends down to 5,000 feet (1,500 m) elevation.
407:
species found in this zone make this a beautiful and interesting forest to explore. The
219:
communities across an elevation gradient from 500 to 14,500 feet (200 to 4,400 m).
2160:
2081:"Appendix C, Assessments of Individual Species: Vascular Plants, Bryophytes, and Fungi"
1548:
1496:' of wetlands, and requires federal agencies to map and protect all existing wetlands.
1412:
1234:
1156:
1076:
843:
663:
440:
271:
1860:
2375:
2360:
1922:
1885:
1741:
1683:
1586:
1559:
1504:
1386:
1299:
1289:
1275:
Endangered or threatened species of animals that occur in the Sierra Nevada include:
1264:
1051:
at Yosemite National Park that are long (relative to most other forest types). Thus,
1010:
752:
522:
506:
408:
307:
303:
2193:
Mark K. Sogge; Robert M. Marshall; Susan J. Sferra; Timothy J. Tibbitts (May 1997).
1866:(3rd ed.). Berkeley, CA, USA: University of California Press. pp. 460–501.
2157:
1949:
1914:
1838:
1026:
970:
667:
654:
587:
bloom in meadows from June through August. Common animals in this zone include the
1738:
California Serpentines: Flora, Vegetation, Geology, Soils, and Management Problems
822:
Lower montane forest: 7,000–9,000 feet (2,100–2,700 m) (heavily dominated by
1508:
1060:
1037:
748:
612:
580:
482:
436:
374:
359:
311:
1084:
1002:
938:
687:
671:
659:
600:
564:
510:
487:
412:
87:
1969:"Lichens in Relation to Management Issues in the Sierra Nevada National Parks"
1009:
watersheds of Yosemite National Park and one small headwaters drainage of the
2424:
2319:
2106:
2047:
2004:
1926:
1620:
1489:
883:
756:
736:
720:
639:
620:
588:
572:
537:
456:
428:
370:
236:
37:
1366:
bottoms throughout the range, and are often hydrologically linked to nearby
69:
2416:
World Wildlife Fund Terrestrial Ecoregions - Sierra Nevada forests (NA0527)
2200:(Report). National Park Service and Northern Arizona University. p. 37
1033:
1006:
954:
946:
930:
867:
831:
823:
702:
592:
568:
514:
471:
416:
392:
327:
240:
462:
The character of the Lower Montane Forest changes with latitude. North of
1422:
function. All three types of wetlands provide rich habitat for plant and
1379:
979:
835:
467:
188:
60:
1843:
318:. Many of the plant communities are similar to those found on the inner
1470:
1459:
1406:
927:
that allows them to out-compete the native plants for available water.
871:
792:
584:
533:
498:
424:
252:
204:
192:
156:
140:
1480:
1345:
899:
735:
quickly during the short, frost-free period of summer. Flora includes
1978:. University of Washington College of the Environment. Archived from
1419:
1088:
1044:
907:
Yosemite National Park has documented more than 130 non-native plant
859:
747:
is not well developed as compared to neighboring alpine zones in the
724:
691:
502:
448:
432:
315:
232:
228:
224:
220:
1150:
1072:
1426:
species, delay and store seasonal floodwaters, minimize downstream
1400:
1390:
1359:
1329:
1175:
1022:
924:
518:
208:
870:
may occur along streams. Notable animals in this zone include the
1445:
1427:
908:
847:
839:
728:
576:
560:
355:
350:. In the foothills of the northern portion of the Sierra Nevada,
299:
216:
200:
755:. Some animal species that are adapted to this zone include the
2394:
1441:
1423:
1383:
1363:
1092:
998:
772:
675:
608:
526:
339:
331:
248:
196:
144:
1021:
for a few weeks in July of odd-numbered years. This keeps any
1545:
1431:
1375:
1371:
1244:
912:
740:
670:, and lodgepole pine are also found in this forest with many
351:
347:
94:
1393:
habitats found on the banks of numerous streams and rivers.
819:
Upper montane forest: 9,000–10,500 feet (2,700–3,200 m)
1919:
10.1890/0012-9658(1997)078[1199:HDOTFI]2.0.CO;2
1474:
1449:
1367:
1349:
Riparian habitat (riverine wetland) alongside Tenaya Creek.
1018:
732:
404:
400:
212:
1579:
Storer, Tracy Irwin; Usinger, Robert Leslie (2004-09-01).
894:
809:. The elevation of these zones in the Central Sierra are:
1954:
10.1639/0007-2745(1957)60[177:ALOWUS]2.0.CO;2
1055:
activities are thought to have had little influence upon
816:
Subalpine forest: 10,500–11,500 feet (3,200–3,500 m)
2406:
Sierra Nevada Forests images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu
1820:
36:
for general information about the mountain range in the
2144:
SNFPA Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement
2085:
SNFPA Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement
279:
1884:. Seattle, WA, USA: The Mountaineers. pp. 1–304.
1079:
is one of a number of rare plants in the Sierra Nevada
247:
in the Sierra Nevada for exploring the many different
1831:
Descriptions of the Level IV Ecoregions of California
435:. Animals that may be found in this zone include the
775:
or climbing into the high elevations of the Sierra.
567:(the indicator species) are typical of this forest.
2355:Storer, T. I., Usinger, R.L., and D. Lukas. 2004.
1904:
1473:, densely vegetated riparian habitats, and shallow
1396:The Sierra contains three major types of wetland:
2173:"California Condor Endangered Species Act Profile"
1547:
1087:species in the Sierra Nevada, along with numerous
745:macrolichen flora in the Sierra Nevada alpine zone
1879:
1856:
1854:
813:Alpine zone: 11,500 feet (3,500 m) and above
399:forest zone. The accumulation of several feet of
2422:
2250:. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Nevada Office
2096:
2094:
1882:Timberline: Mountain and Arctic forest frontiers
2309:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2297:
1875:
1873:
611:. Upper montane forests may be viewed from the
1966:
1898:
1851:
1761:Hogan, C. Michael (2008). N. Stromberg (ed.).
1713:. United States Forest Service. Archived from
834:, the Foothill Woodland Zone is replaced by a
2091:
1994:
1992:
1671:
1669:
1578:
1484:Palustrine wetland in Yosemite National Park.
199:, is diverse and complex. The combination of
2441:Ecology of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
2294:
2037:
2035:
2033:
1870:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1649:
653:The upper montane forest is replaced by the
275:Forest in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada
1967:McCune, Bruce; Grenon, Jill; Martin, Erin.
1221:Although Category 2 was abolished in 1996,
286:California interior chaparral and woodlands
1989:
1735:
1675:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1602:
643:A foxtail pine in an open subalpine forest
536:lava soils. In Yosemite and points south,
2211:
2030:
1842:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1646:
1067:
986:
27:Ecological features of the Sierra Nevadas
1479:
1344:
1071:
898:
638:
481:
369:
270:
1939:
1789:The IUCN Red List of Endangered Species
1701:
1699:
1599:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1501:United States Fish and Wildlife Service
895:Exotic Plants in Yosemite National Park
800:
543:
365:
322:. Animals typical of this zone include
266:
14:
2423:
2186:
1795:
1711:Section M261F--Sierra Nevada Foothills
771:. This zone can be viewed up close by
715:Flora of the Sierra Nevada alpine zone
1760:
477:
470:. In the middle Sierra, south to the
411:for the lower montane forest are the
1864:Terrestrial vegetation of California
1696:
1532:
1513:National Wetlands Inventory Web Site
280:Foothill Woodland and Chaparral Zone
243:, paved and unpaved roads, and vast
231:communities at lower elevations, to
634:
24:
2359:. University of California Press,
2348:
1933:
1880:Arno, S.F.; R.P. Hammerly (1984).
1740:. University of California Press.
1682:. University of California Press.
1458:wetlands generally occur on river
550:Sierra Nevada upper montane forest
383:Sierra Nevada lower montane forest
25:
2452:
2387:
2175:. Center for Biological Diversity
395:. This zone is also known as the
2393:
2318: This article incorporates
2313:
2283:. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
2229:. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
2105: This article incorporates
2100:
2046: This article incorporates
2041:
2003: This article incorporates
1998:
1763:"Toyon: Heteromeles arbutifolia"
1619: This article incorporates
1614:
1187:
1168:
1149:
1116:
842:Woodland Zone, characterized by
780:
583:can also be found in this zone.
68:
59:Subalpine forest at the base of
53:
2431:Plant communities of California
2261:
2240:
2165:
2150:
2132:
2073:
1960:
1679:A Natural History of California
377:is in the Lower Montane Forest.
358:often co-dominate certain open
215:influences the distribution of
2221:Oncorhynchus clarkii seleniris
1777:
1754:
1736:Kruckeberg, Arthur R. (1999).
1729:
1572:
1556:University of California Press
1444:, and aquatic animals such as
1362:in the Sierra Nevada occur in
1300:Southwestern willow flycatcher
923:), are able to produce a long
708:
605:golden-mantled ground squirrel
13:
1:
2357:Sierra Nevada Natural History
1847:. Open-File Report 2016-1021.
1676:Schoenherr, Allan A. (1992).
1582:Sierra Nevada Natural History
1526:
1314:Oncorhynchus clarki seleniris
2400:Ecology of the Sierra Nevada
1324:Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi
1195:Slender-stemmed monkeyflower
1077:Slender-stemmed monkeyflower
991:The lodgepole needle miner (
649:Sierra Nevada subalpine zone
540:occurs in wetter locations.
185:ecology of the Sierra Nevada
100:Temperate coniferous forests
7:
1355:Beaver in the Sierra Nevada
1340:
1280:Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep
769:Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep
10:
2457:
2248:"Lahontan cutthroat trout"
1823:"Ecoregions of California"
1352:
1304:Empidonax traillii extimus
1255:Congdon's woolly sunflower
889:
850:. The underbrush contains
712:
646:
547:
380:
283:
2219:"Paiute cutthroat trout (
1138:Yosemite woolly sunflower
1083:There are at least 1,300
761:Belding's ground squirrel
529:, depending on location.
173:
165:
155:
150:
136:
126:
121:
113:
105:
93:
81:
76:
67:
52:
47:
2053:"Lodgepole Needle Miner"
1837:. US Geological Survey.
1320:Lahontan cutthroat trout
739:, grasses, willows, and
607:, and (more rarely) the
131:United States of America
2112:"Special Status Plants"
1294:Gymnogyps californianus
1284:Ovis canadensis sierrae
1001:, endemic to the upper
391:give rise to the lower
362:chaparral communities.
320:California Coast Ranges
2329:Yosemite National Park
2320:public domain material
2116:Yosemite National Park
2107:public domain material
2057:Yosemite National Park
2048:public domain material
2014:Yosemite National Park
2005:public domain material
1630:Yosemite National Park
1621:public domain material
1485:
1350:
1310:Paiute cutthroat trout
1199:Erythranthe filicaulis
1100:Endangered Species Act
1080:
1068:Special-status species
1015:Sierra National Forest
994:Coleotechnites milleri
987:Lodgepole needle miner
921:Centaurea solstitialis
904:
903:The yellow starthistle
795:is in the alpine zone.
644:
579:, and the picturesque
494:
492:Yosemite National Park
378:
296:foothill woodland zone
276:
2372:A Sierra Nevada Flora
2333:National Park Service
2120:National Park Service
2061:National Park Service
2018:National Park Service
1634:National Park Service
1626:"Vegetation Overview"
1520:National Park Service
1483:
1348:
1259:Eriophyllum congdonii
1142:Eriophyllum nubigenum
1075:
1049:fire return intervals
1032:Extensive stands of "
971:cut-leaved blackberry
902:
864:Coleogyne ramosissima
767:, and the endangered
765:yellow-bellied marmot
751:and mountains of the
713:Further information:
642:
485:
445:western gray squirrel
389:Mediterranean climate
373:
274:
48:Sierra Nevada forests
2402:at Wikimedia Commons
2374:. Wilderness Press,
2370:Weeden, N.L. 1996.
1488:Since the 1970s the
1336:), endangered (1985)
1334:Gila bicolor snyderi
1326:), threatened (1975)
1316:), threatened (1975)
1306:), endangered (1995)
1296:), endangered (1967)
1286:), endangered (2000)
1128:Allium tribracteatum
963:Himalayan blackberry
951:Hypericum perforatum
876:desert bighorn sheep
856:Artemisia tridentata
801:Eastern biotic zones
597:Dendragapus obscurus
556:upper montane forest
544:Upper Montane Forest
486:Giant sequoia tree,
421:California black oak
366:Lower Montane Forest
344:California mule deer
267:Western biotic zones
1844:10.3133/ofr20161021
1511:, as a part of the
1213:Trifolium bolanderi
1124:Three-bracted onion
1057:species composition
453:American black bear
393:montane forest zone
18:High Sierra (biome)
2410:slow modem version
1785:"Anaxyrus canorus"
1767:GlobalTwitcher.com
1505:aerial photographs
1486:
1351:
1239:Allium yosemitense
1223:species of concern
1176:Tiehm's rock-cress
1161:Lomatium congdonii
1157:Congdon's lomatium
1081:
977:) and periwinkle (
917:yellow starthistle
905:
844:single-leaf pinyon
680:Clark's nutcracker
664:western white pine
645:
495:
478:Mid-Montane Forest
441:mountain chickadee
379:
277:
2398:Media related to
2269:"Owens Tui chub (
1592:978-0-520-24096-4
1565:978-0-520-26256-0
1374:through seasonal
1290:California condor
1269:Lewisia congdonii
1265:Congdon's lewisia
1219:
1218:
1209:Bolander's clover
1011:San Joaquin River
943:Verbascum thapsus
846:pines and sierra
753:Pacific Northwest
672:subalpine meadows
575:that smells like
507:Coast Douglas-fir
455:. The endangered
409:indicator species
304:foothill woodland
187:, located in the
181:
180:
16:(Redirected from
2448:
2397:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2317:
2316:
2311:
2292:
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2288:
2265:
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2209:
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2205:
2199:
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2154:
2148:
2147:
2136:
2130:
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2104:
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2098:
2089:
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2071:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2045:
2044:
2039:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1973:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1913:(4): 1199–1210.
1902:
1896:
1895:
1877:
1868:
1867:
1858:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1836:
1827:
1818:
1793:
1792:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1769:. Archived from
1758:
1752:
1751:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1703:
1694:
1693:
1673:
1644:
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1618:
1617:
1612:
1597:
1596:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1553:
1543:
1509:topographic maps
1249:Carex tompkinsii
1191:
1180:Boechera tiehmii
1172:
1153:
1120:
1111:Scientific name
1105:
1104:
1053:fire suppression
1027:dendrochronology
975:Rubus laciniatus
784:
668:mountain hemlock
655:subalpine forest
635:Subalpine Forest
72:
57:
45:
44:
21:
2456:
2455:
2451:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2421:
2420:
2390:
2385:
2351:
2349:Further reading
2346:
2337:
2335:
2323:
2314:
2312:
2295:
2286:
2284:
2281:Species Profile
2267:
2266:
2262:
2253:
2251:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2232:
2230:
2227:Species Profile
2217:
2216:
2212:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2191:
2187:
2178:
2176:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2155:
2151:
2146:. January 2004.
2138:
2137:
2133:
2124:
2122:
2110:
2101:
2099:
2092:
2087:. January 2004.
2079:
2078:
2074:
2065:
2063:
2051:
2042:
2040:
2031:
2022:
2020:
2010:"Exotic Plants"
2008:
1999:
1997:
1990:
1982:
1971:
1965:
1961:
1938:
1934:
1903:
1899:
1892:
1878:
1871:
1859:
1852:
1834:
1825:
1819:
1796:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1759:
1755:
1748:
1734:
1730:
1720:
1718:
1705:
1704:
1697:
1690:
1674:
1647:
1638:
1636:
1624:
1615:
1613:
1600:
1593:
1577:
1573:
1566:
1544:
1533:
1529:
1357:
1343:
1245:Tompkin's sedge
1070:
1061:Rocky Mountains
1038:Cathedral Range
989:
935:Cirsium vulgare
897:
892:
803:
798:
797:
796:
790:
785:
749:Rocky Mountains
717:
711:
651:
637:
625:State Route 108
613:Tioga Pass Road
581:western juniper
552:
546:
480:
437:dark-eyed junco
385:
375:Yosemite Valley
368:
288:
282:
269:
63:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2454:
2444:
2443:
2438:
2436:Nearctic realm
2433:
2419:
2418:
2413:
2403:
2389:
2388:External links
2386:
2384:
2383:
2368:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2293:
2260:
2239:
2210:
2185:
2164:
2149:
2131:
2090:
2072:
2029:
1988:
1985:on 2014-08-21.
1959:
1948:(3): 177–272.
1932:
1897:
1890:
1869:
1850:
1794:
1776:
1773:on 2009-09-06.
1753:
1746:
1728:
1695:
1688:
1645:
1598:
1591:
1585:. p. 20.
1571:
1564:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1430:, and improve
1416:
1415:
1410:
1404:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1337:
1330:Owens Tui chub
1327:
1317:
1307:
1297:
1287:
1273:
1272:
1262:
1252:
1242:
1235:Yosemite onion
1217:
1216:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1192:
1184:
1183:
1173:
1165:
1164:
1154:
1146:
1145:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1121:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1085:vascular plant
1069:
1066:
988:
985:
967:Rubus discolor
939:common mullein
896:
893:
891:
888:
828:
827:
820:
817:
814:
802:
799:
791:The summit of
787:
786:
779:
778:
777:
737:cushion plants
710:
707:
688:climate change
660:whitebark pine
647:Main article:
636:
633:
601:great grey owl
565:lodgepole pine
548:Main article:
545:
542:
511:ponderosa pine
488:Mariposa Grove
479:
476:
413:ponderosa pine
381:Main article:
367:
364:
292:Central Valley
284:Main article:
281:
278:
268:
265:
237:alpine meadows
179:
178:
175:
171:
170:
167:
163:
162:
159:
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114:Mammal species
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2401:
2396:
2392:
2391:
2381:
2380:0-89997-204-7
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2373:
2369:
2366:
2365:0-520-24096-0
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2019:
2015:
2011:
2006:
1995:
1993:
1981:
1977:
1970:
1963:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1936:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1901:
1893:
1891:0-89886-085-7
1887:
1883:
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1840:
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1764:
1757:
1749:
1747:9780520097018
1743:
1739:
1732:
1717:on 2014-01-02
1716:
1712:
1708:
1702:
1700:
1691:
1689:0-520-06922-6
1685:
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1506:
1502:
1497:
1495:
1491:
1490:United States
1482:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1451:
1448:and immature
1447:
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1004:
1000:
996:
995:
984:
982:
981:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
955:sweet clovers
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
901:
887:
885:
884:soil salinity
879:
877:
873:
869:
868:Jeffrey pines
865:
861:
857:
853:
852:big sagebrush
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
825:
824:Jeffrey pines
821:
818:
815:
812:
811:
810:
808:
807:precipitation
794:
789:
783:
776:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
757:American pika
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
716:
706:
704:
703:foxtail pines
700:
695:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
656:
650:
641:
632:
628:
626:
622:
621:Glacier Point
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
589:hermit thrush
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
557:
551:
541:
539:
538:giant sequoia
535:
530:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
493:
489:
484:
475:
473:
469:
465:
460:
458:
457:Yosemite toad
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
429:incense-cedar
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
384:
376:
372:
363:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
336:gray squirrel
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
306:community of
305:
301:
297:
293:
287:
273:
264:
260:
256:
254:
250:
246:
242:
241:hiking trails
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
176:
172:
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98:
96:
92:
89:
86:
84:
80:
75:
71:
66:
62:
56:
51:
46:
41:
39:
38:United States
35:
34:Sierra Nevada
30:
29:
19:
2371:
2356:
2336:. Retrieved
2328:
2285:. Retrieved
2280:
2274:
2271:Gila bicolor
2270:
2263:
2252:. Retrieved
2242:
2231:. Retrieved
2226:
2220:
2213:
2202:. Retrieved
2188:
2177:. Retrieved
2167:
2152:
2143:
2134:
2123:. Retrieved
2115:
2084:
2075:
2064:. Retrieved
2056:
2021:. Retrieved
2013:
1980:the original
1975:
1962:
1945:
1941:
1935:
1910:
1906:
1900:
1881:
1863:
1830:
1788:
1779:
1771:the original
1766:
1756:
1737:
1731:
1719:. Retrieved
1715:the original
1710:
1677:
1637:. Retrieved
1629:
1581:
1574:
1549:
1517:
1499:In 1996 the
1498:
1487:
1466:
1465:
1455:
1454:
1437:
1436:
1417:
1395:
1358:
1333:
1323:
1313:
1303:
1293:
1283:
1274:
1268:
1258:
1248:
1238:
1228:
1222:
1220:
1212:
1198:
1179:
1160:
1141:
1127:
1097:
1082:
1042:
1034:ghost forest
1031:
1007:Merced River
992:
990:
978:
974:
966:
958:
950:
947:Klamath weed
942:
934:
931:Bull thistle
929:
920:
906:
880:
863:
855:
832:Owens Valley
829:
804:
718:
696:
652:
629:
596:
593:dusky grouse
571:, which has
569:Jeffrey pine
553:
531:
515:Jeffrey pine
496:
472:Merced River
464:Grass Valley
461:
417:Jeffrey pine
386:
328:ringtail cat
289:
261:
257:
245:public lands
235:forests and
221:Biotic zones
184:
182:
166:Habitat loss
151:Conservation
106:Bird species
31:
1494:no net loss
1471:wet meadows
1460:floodplains
1382:movement.
1380:groundwater
980:Vinca major
721:alpine zone
709:Alpine Zone
585:Wildflowers
468:Douglas-fir
397:yellow pine
223:range from
189:U.S. states
61:Temple Crag
2425:Categories
2338:2010-04-19
2325:"Wetlands"
2287:2014-04-27
2254:2012-10-27
2233:2013-12-25
2204:2012-02-17
2179:2014-04-26
2125:2009-10-26
2066:2009-10-27
2023:2009-05-14
1942:Bryologist
1828:(Poster).
1639:2009-10-25
1527:References
1467:Palustrine
1456:Lacustrine
1413:Palustrine
1407:Lacustrine
1353:See also:
1089:bryophytes
872:pinyon jay
860:blackbrush
793:Mount Dana
699:Bridgeport
623:Road, and
617:Crane Flat
534:ultramafic
499:Lake Tahoe
425:sugar pine
360:serpentine
324:black bear
253:ecosystems
217:ecological
205:topography
193:California
157:Global 200
141:California
1927:0012-9658
1721:30 August
1434:quality.
1420:ecosystem
1102:include:
1045:lightning
1023:predators
959:Melilotus
725:tree line
697:South of
692:pollution
684:mutualism
523:black oak
503:white fir
449:mule deer
433:white fir
316:chaparral
312:gray pine
233:subalpine
229:chaparral
174:Protected
122:Geography
1446:tadpoles
1438:Riverine
1401:Riverine
1391:riparian
1387:habitats
1376:flooding
1360:Wetlands
1341:Wetlands
1003:Tuolumne
997:) is an
925:tap root
874:and the
848:junipers
729:granitic
615:east of
519:live oak
415:and the
308:blue oak
209:moisture
88:Nearctic
2275:snyderi
1907:Ecology
1791:. 2011.
1442:willows
1428:erosion
1093:lichens
961:spp.),
945:), and
909:species
890:Threats
840:Juniper
830:In the
577:vanilla
561:red fir
356:chamise
300:savanna
201:climate
169:1.0785%
127:Country
77:Ecology
2378:
2363:
1925:
1888:
1744:
1686:
1589:
1562:
1424:animal
1384:Meadow
1372:rivers
1364:valley
1261:), and
1043:While
999:insect
858:) and
836:Pinyon
773:hiking
763:, the
743:. The
741:sedges
676:flower
662:. The
609:marten
527:tanoak
525:, and
451:, and
431:, and
346:, and
340:bobcat
332:coyote
314:, and
249:biomes
211:, and
197:Nevada
177:72.55%
145:Nevada
2322:from
2273:ssp.
2198:(PDF)
2161:45534
2109:from
2050:from
2007:from
1983:(PDF)
1972:(PDF)
1835:(PDF)
1826:(PDF)
1623:from
1475:ponds
1432:water
1409:, and
1368:lakes
1108:Image
913:human
733:seeds
674:that
352:toyon
348:skunk
225:scrub
213:soils
137:State
95:Biome
83:Realm
2376:ISBN
2361:ISBN
1923:ISSN
1886:ISBN
1742:ISBN
1723:2013
1684:ISBN
1587:ISBN
1560:ISBN
1518:The
1507:and
1450:fish
1378:and
1370:and
1091:and
1019:moth
1005:and
719:The
690:and
573:bark
563:and
554:The
405:tree
401:snow
354:and
310:and
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