2350:
Mhz for luma and 7 Mhz for both chroma channels each, with a signal to noise ratio of 41 dB. They accept luma and chroma signals with bandwidths of up to 30 Mhz for both. Signals are recorded onto the tape using FM modulation. Linear tape speed is 483.1 mm/s and writing speed at the heads is 25.9 m/s. The head drum is 134.5 mm wide and has 4 video record heads, 4 video playback heads and 1 erasing head. It could record for 45 minutes on 10.5 inch reels. The video heads are made of Mn-Zn ferrite material, those used for recording have a gap of 0.7 microns and a width of 80 microns and those for playback have a gap of 0.35 microns and a width of 70 microns. It records audio on 3 linear tracks, and control signals on a linear track. Unlike conventional type C videotape recorders, Vertical
Blanking Intervals are not recorded on the tape. Helical tracks have groups of 4 signals length-wise with red chrominance, blue chrominance, and two green chrominance signals with luminance information. Two tracks for green chrominance plus luminance are used to increase the bandwidth of these signals that can be recorded on the tape.
2426:) bandwidth of 7 MHz. The head drum is 76mm wide. It uses two video heads with azimuth recording and records each frame of video into 12 helical tracks; only 6 tracks are necessary for each video field if recording interlaced video. Audio is recorded digitally as a PCM signal, as a section on the helical tracks. Writing speed at the heads is 21.4 m/s. The tape also has 3 linear tracks, one for audio, control and time code each. Signal to noise ratio for luminance is 41 dB and for chrominance it is 47 dB. The tape is wrapped 180° around the head drum. Development began in 1987. It uses metal particle tape. It could record video for 1 hour (63 minutes). Linear tape speed is 120 mm/s. The cassette measures 205mm (width) x 121mm (depth) x 25mm (height). Signals are recorded using time-compression integration, in groups of two signals length-wise on each helical track. Grouping is used to increase the bandwidth that can be recorded on the tape. The cassette is intented to be air-tight with two flaps in the cassette's opening to protect the tape.
2366:). Audio is recorded with a sampling rate of 48 kHz stored at 16 bits per sample in linear tape tracks, sampling rate for luma is 74.25 Mhz and 37.125 Mhz for chroma stored at 8 bits per sample. Signal to noise ratio is 56 dB for chroma and luma. Video fields are divided into 16 helical tracks on the tape. Total video bandwidth is 1.188 gigabits/s. Cue signals are recorded into 3 linear tape tracks. Video is recorded in groups of 4 tracks length-wise within each helical track, to allow for parallelization: high total data rates with relatively low data rates per head, and reduce the linear tape speed. Digital video signals are recorded line by line (1 row of pixels in every frame of video or 1 line of video at a time) with ECC (Error Correcting Code) at the end of each line and in between a number of vertical lines. Reed-Solomon code is used for ECC and each line also has an ID number for trick play such as slow motion and picture search/shuttle.
2196:
resolution in each video field. Thus, only stationary images were transmitted at full resolution. However, as MUSE lowers the horizontal and vertical resolution of material that varies greatly from frame to frame, moving images were blurred. Because MUSE used motion-compensation, whole camera pans maintained full resolution, but individual moving elements could be reduced to only a quarter of the full frame resolution. Because the mix between motion and non-motion was encoded on a pixel-by-pixel basis, it wasn't as visible as most would think. Later, NHK came up with backwards compatible methods of MUSE encoding/decoding that greatly increased resolution in moving areas of the image as well as increasing the chroma resolution during motion. This so-called MUSE-III system was used for broadcasts starting in 1995 and a very few of the last Hi-Vision MUSE LaserDiscs used it (
3633:
3615:
2358:) digital audio recorder, but several changes were made to synchronize the audio to the video. These digital VTRs can record 8 channels of digital audio on linear tracks (horizontally along the entire length of the tape). According to the standards, these VTRs operate with a head drum speed of 7200 RPM, have a bit rate of 148.5 Mbit/s per video head, a linear tape speed of 805.2 mm/s and a writing speed at the heads of 51.5 m/s, are similar to Type C VTRs, have a head drum 135mm wide, 8 playback, 8 recording and 2 erase heads, with 37 micron wide helical tracks. Bandwidth is 30 Mhz for luma (Y) and 15 Mhz for chroma (P
1197:
3543:
3529:
3515:
3500:
3486:
398:(as is used in the NTSC world), multiply 29.9 lines per MHz of bandwidth. (NTSC and PAL/SECAM are 79.9 lines per MHz) - this calculation of 29.9 lines works for all current HD systems including Blu-ray and HD-DVD. So, for MUSE, during a still picture, the lines of resolution would be: 598-lines of luminance resolution per-picture-height. The chroma resolution is: 209-lines. The horizontal luminance measurement approximately matches the vertical resolution of a 1080 interlaced image when the
406:
dimension, in other words transmitting frames of video that are divided into regions with chrominance compressed into the left of the frame and luminance compressed into the right of the frame, which must then be expanded and layered to create a visible image. This makes it different from NTSC which carries luminance, audio and chrominance simultaneously in several carrier frequencies. Hi-Vision signals are component video signals with 3 channels: they were RGB initially, and later YP
769:
3424:
1192:{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}{\begin{bmatrix}G\\B\\R\end{bmatrix}}\ =\ {\begin{bmatrix}1&-1/5&-1/2\\1&1&0\\1&0&1\end{bmatrix}}{\begin{bmatrix}1&0&0\\0&5/4&0\\0&0&1\end{bmatrix}}{\begin{bmatrix}YM\\B-YM\\R-YM\end{bmatrix}}\ =\ {\begin{bmatrix}1&-1/4&-1/2\\1&5/4&0\\1&0&1\end{bmatrix}}{\begin{bmatrix}YM\\B-YM\\R-YM\end{bmatrix}}\end{aligned}}}
394:'s electron beam returns to the top of the screen to begin scanning the next field. Only 1035 lines have picture information. Digital signals count only the lines (rows of pixels) that have actual detail, so NTSC's 525 lines become 486i (rounded to 480 to be MPEG compatible), PAL's 625 lines become 576i, and MUSE would be 1035i. To convert the bandwidth of Hi-Vision MUSE into "conventional"
36:
3410:
2326:
players available in Japan: Pioneer HLD-XØ, HLD-X9, HLD-1000, HLD-V500, HLD-V700; Sony HIL-1000, HIL-C1 and HIL-C2EX; the last two of which have OEM versions made by
Panasonic, LX-HD10 and LX-HD20. Players also supported standard NTSC LaserDiscs. Hi-Vision LaserDiscs are extremely rare and expensive.
2308:
working group that had led to the creation of NTSC in the 1950s was reactivated in the early 1990s because of Hi-Vision's success. Many aspects of the DVB standard are based on work done by the ATSC working group, however most of the impact is in support for 60 Hz (as well as 24 Hz for film
2300:
Like Hi-Vision, HD-MAC could not be transmitted in 8 MHz channels without substantial modification – and a severe loss of quality and frame rate. A 6 MHz version Hi-Vision was experimented with in the US, but it too had severe quality problems so the FCC never fully sanctioned its use
2195:
MUSE had a four-field dot-interlacing cycle, meaning it took four fields to complete a single MUSE frame, and dot interlacing was done on a pixel by pixel basis, dividing both horizontal and vertical resolution by half in each field of video, and not in a line by line basis reducing only the vertical
405:
MUSE employs time-compression integration (TCI) which is another term for time-division multiplexing, which is used to carry luminance, chrominance, PCM audio and sync signals on one carrier signal/in one carrier frequency. However, TCI achieves multiplexing by compression of the contents in the time
2349:
For recording Hi-Vision signals, Three reel to reel analog VTRs were released, among them are the Sony HDV-1000 part of their HDVS line, the NEC TT 8-1000 and the
Toshiba TVR-1000. These analog VTRs had a head drum angular speed of 3600 RPM and are similar to Type C VTRs. They have a bandwidth of 30
297:
like NTSC and PAL) and uses a phase alternating by line with half-line offset carrier encoding of the wideband/narrowband chroma components. Only the very lowest part of the wideband chroma component overlapped the high-frequency chroma. The narrowband chroma was completely separated from luminance.
1876:
There is one more power saving that appears from the character of the human eye. The lack of visual response to low frequency noise allows significant reduction in transponder power if the higher video frequencies are emphasized prior to modulation at the transmitter and then de-emphasized at the
2337:
system which supported the MUSE system. Capable of recording HD still images and video onto either the WHD-3AL0 or the WHD-33A0 optical disc; WHD-3Al0 for CLV mode (up to 10 minute video or 18,000 still frames per side); WHD-33A0 for CAV mode (up to 3 minute video or 5400 still frames per side).
2047:
A sampling of 4:4:4 indicates that all three components are fully sampled. A sampling of 4:2:0, for example, indicated that the two chroma components are sampled at half the horizontal sample rate of luma - the horizontal chroma resolution is halved. This reduces the bandwidth of an uncompressed
1641:
MUSE is a 1125 line system (1035 visible), and is not pulse and sync compatible with the digital 1080 line system used by modern HDTV. Originally, it was a 1125 line, interlaced, 60 Hz, system with a 5:3 (1.66:1) aspect ratio and an optimal viewing distance of roughly 3.3H. In 1989 this was
2417:
For recording Hi-Vision video signals, NHK and 10 Japanese companies ("NEC, Matsushita
Electric Industrial, Toshiba, Sharp, Sony, Hitachi, Sanyo Electric, JVC, Mitsubishi Electric, Canon") in 1989 released UniHi, a professional videocassette format. Recorders for the format were manufactured by
2051:
MUSE implements a similar system as a means of reducing bandwidth, but instead of static sampling, the actual ratio varies according to the amount of motion on the screen. In practice, MUSE sampling will vary from approximately 4:2:1 to 4:0.5:0.25, depending on the amount of movement. Thus the
2418:
Panasonic, Sony, NEC, and
Toshiba. These machines were less expensive than their Type C counterparts. Both studio and portable versions were made. The head drum spins at 5400 RPM and uses tape that is 12.65 mm wide. It has a luminance (Y) bandwidth of 20 MHz and a chrominance (P
2353:
In 1987, technical standards for digital recording of Hi-Vision signals were released by NHK, and Sony developed the HDD-1000 VTR as part of their HDVS line, and
Hitachi developed the HV-1200 digital reel to reel VTR. Audio is recorded digitally similarly to a DASH
302:(FM) should be used with power-limitation problem. FM incurs triangular noise, so if a sub-carrierred composite signal is used with FM, demodulated chroma signal has more noise than luminance. Because of this, they looked at other options, and decided to use
376:
One more power saving tweak was made: lack of visual response to low frequency noise allows significant reduction in transponder power if the higher video frequencies are emphasised prior to modulation at the transmitter and de-emphasized at the
298:
PAF, or phase alternating by field (like the first NTSC color system trial) was also experimented with, and it gave much better decoding results, but NHK abandoned all composite encoding systems. Because of the use of satellite transmission,
2402:
A MUSE decoder is required for receiving MUSE broadcasts from satellites, and for viewing content in the MUSE format. The decoder converts MUSE format signals into Hi-Vision component video signals that can then be shown in a display.
3712:"Course Notes: SIGGRAPH 1995, 22nd International Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques, Los Angeles Convention Center, Los Angeles, California, USA, Conference, 6-11 August 1995, Exhibition, 8-10 August 1995"
3914:
Course Notes: SIGGRAPH 1995, 22nd
International Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques, Los Angeles Convention Center, Los Angeles, California, USA, Conference, 6-11 August 1995, Exhibition, 8-10 August
1379:
590:
2382:. It was displayed on direct view color CRTs and CRT projectors, and plasma displays and Talaria projectors were explored to determine their ability to display Hi-Vision images. Some TVs have built in MUSE decoders.
2274:(EBU)) were impressed with MUSE, but could never adopt it because it is a 60 Hz TV system, not a 50 Hz system that is standard in Europe and the rest of the world (outside the Americas and Japan).
1631:
1505:
199:
Hi-Vision continued broadcasting in analog by NHK until 2007. Other channels had stopped soon after
December 1, 2000 as they transitioned to digital HD signals in ISDB, Japan's digital broadcast standard.
373:
components was explored. The MUSE format which is transmitted today, uses separated component signalling. The improvement in picture quality was so great, that the original test systems were recalled.
1579:
1453:
1319:
774:
539:
223:
It was decided early on that MUSE would be a satellite broadcast format as Japan economically supports satellite broadcasting. MUSE was transmitted at a frequency of 21 GHz or 12 GHz.
2202:
is one Hi-Vision LD that used it). During early demonstrations of the MUSE system, complaints were common about the decoder's large size, which led to the creation of a miniaturized decoder.
330:
component emission for satellite. At one point, it seemed that FCFE (Frame
Conversion Fineness Enhanced), I/P conversion compression system, would be chosen, but MUSE was ultimately picked.
3826:
2240:(1960s-1970s): By the late 1960s many parts of the modern Japanese electronics industry had gotten their start by fixing the transmission and storage problems inherent with NTSC's design.
161:
system was used to create content for the MUSE system, but didn't record MUSE signals. It recorded Hi-Vision signals which are uncompressed. By the time of its commercial launch in 1991,
2429:
This videocassette format was developed in order to reduce the size of HD recording equipment. The Sony version of the UniHi VTR, the HDV-10, had a price of over 90,000 US dollars.
2254:
Because Japan had its own domestic frequency allocation tables (that were more open to the deployment of MUSE) it became possible for this television system to be transmitted by
2164:
It could also operate in a 48 kHz 16-bit mode. The DANCE system was well documented in numerous NHK technical papers and in a NHK-published book issued in the USA called
2251:
in the mid-1980s. The US television networks did not provide much coverage of MUSE until the late 1980s, as there were few public demonstrations of the system outside Japan.
245:
would have to be used to transmit HDTV due to the high bandwidth of the signal, and HLO-PAL would be used for terrestrial broadcast. HLO-PAL is a conventionally constructed
1671:
The
Japanese initially explored the idea of frequency modulation of a conventionally constructed composite signal. This would create a signal similar in structure to the
2775:
1566:
1440:
402:
and interlace factor are taken into account. 1125 lines was selected as a compromise between the resolution in lines of NTSC and PAL and then doubling this number.
760:
729:
674:
645:
1871:
1697:
1534:
1408:
328:
2116:
2073:
2042:
2019:
1306:
698:
526:
2330:
The HDL-5800 Video Disc Recorder recorded both high definition still images and continuous video onto an optical disc and was part of the early analog wideband
2093:
1993:
1955:
1935:
1915:
1895:
1843:
1823:
1802:
1780:
1746:
1720:
1666:
616:
503:
371:
351:
291:
267:
177:
satellite TV channel, although other channels such as WOWOW, TV Asahi, Fuji Television, TBS Television, Nippon Television, and TV Tokyo also broadcast in MUSE.
5305:
124:
3728:
Masuo Oku; Shigemitsu Higuchi; Masaharu Õoka; Hideo Onodera; Takashi Furuhata; Hideyuki Sakai; Hiroshi li; Hisashi Nakamura; Shin'ya Ichimura (1990).
5457:
3516:"Signal Processing of HDTV: Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Signal Processing of HDTV, L'Aquila, Italy, 29 February-2 March 1988"
209:
112:
1314:
2374:
Hi-Vision requires a display capable of handling 30 Mhz of video bandwidth simultaneously for each of the component video channels: R, G, B or Y, P
2289:
were made possible by Hi-Vision's technical success. In many ways MAC transmission systems are better than MUSE because of the total separation of
54:
2261:
The US FCC in the late 1980s began to issue directives that would allow MUSE to be tested in the US, providing it could be fit into a 6 MHz
2237:(1950s-1960s): Unlike Canada (that could have switched to PAL), Japan was stuck with the US TV transmission standard regardless of circumstances.
534:
2592:
3291:
3277:
3558:"Professional Video and Audio Equipment - Verkauf/Sales, Auktion/Auction, Vermietung/Rental - Neu und gebraucht! New and used! - www.mmt.de"
1203:
4022:
3655:
2887:
1574:
1448:
5093:
3375:
Naganawa, K.; Hori, Y.; Yanase, S.; Itoh, N.; Asano, Y. (August 19, 1991). "A single-chip audio signal processor for HDTV receiver".
2044:, for each complete sample area. Traditionally the value for brightness is always 4, with the rest of the values scaled accordingly.
131:
matrix specified by SMPTE 240M. As with other analog systems, not all lines carry visible information. On MUSE there are 1035 active
2394:
and CCD image sensors were used to capture footage using the Hi-Vision format. A prototype based on Vidicon tubes was also created.
5223:
5192:
5180:
4798:
4722:
4666:
4625:
3768:
Egami, Norifumi; Yamagishi, Toshio; Okazaki, Saburo; Tanioka, Kenkichi; Kurashige, Mitsuhiro; Oku, Kentaro; Ehata, Shigeru (1990).
2438:
2209:
1645:
For terrestrial MUSE transmission a bandwidth limited FM system was devised. A satellite transmission system uses uncompressed FM.
105:
1758:
ratio for a composite FM signal in the 22 GHz band. This was incompatible with satellite broadcast techniques and bandwidth.
5055:
4054:
3557:
2653:
1975:
in a video system is usually expressed as a three part ratio. The three terms of the ratio are: the number of brightness (luma)
2243:(1970s-1980s): By the 1980s there was spare engineering talent available in Japan that could design a better television system.
4866:
3809:
3799:
3695:
3301:
3172:
2897:
2612:
233:
Japanese broadcast engineers had been studying the various HDTV broadcast types for some time. It was initially thought that
120:
3265:
3131:"Modeling and simulation of dynamics and noise of semiconductor lasers under NTSC modulation for use in the CATV technology"
2783:
4712:
4648:
5483:
3929:
2542:
472:
Required bandwidth: 27 MHz Usable bandwidth is 1/3 of this, 9 Mhz due to the use of FM modulation for transmission.
2138:
2828:
3359:
2683:
2552:
72:
3944:
3769:
3585:
5124:
4573:
3456:
3162:
2760:
2593:"ST 240:1999 - SMPTE Standard - For Television — 1125-Line High-Definition Production Systems — Signal Parameters"
5330:
5197:
5024:
4788:
4717:
4215:
3989:
3243:
3099:
2575:
50:
5478:
4539:
4475:
4399:
2198:
1877:
receiver. This method was adopted, with crossover frequencies for the emphasis/de-emphasis at 5.2 MHz for
3349:
452:
Vector motion compensation: horizontal ± 16 samples (32.4 MHz clock) / frame, a vertical line ± 3 / Field
5086:
4836:
4752:
4439:
4363:
4287:
2951:"High-Definition Television System for Future : Desirable Standard, Signal Form and Broadcasting System"
2355:
144:
4658:
4640:
1210:, in use at the time the standard was created). The chromaticity of the primary colors and white point are:
5488:
5350:
5019:
4856:
4770:
2673:
2158:
4444:
4047:
2271:
1805:. This reduces the effective frequency range and lowers the required power. Approximately 570 W (360 for
119:
to deliver 1125 line, 60 field-per-second (1125i60) signals to the home. The system was standardized as
2338:
These video discs were used for short video content such as advertisements and product demonstrations.
5290:
5269:
5228:
5114:
4783:
4727:
4556:
4492:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4373:
4358:
4348:
4095:
3974:
3891:
3222:
143:
and line-sequential color encoding with time compression to "fold" or compress an original 30 MHz
3750:
5365:
4998:
4887:
4532:
4527:
4517:
4343:
3912:
3711:
2618:
116:
17:
2391:
5431:
5079:
4907:
4338:
238:
3861:
3191:
3877:
2322:
On May 20, 1994, Panasonic released the first MUSE LaserDisc player. There were a number of MUSE
455:
Audio: "DANCE" discrete 2- or 4-channel digital audio system: 48 kHz/16 bit (2 channel
4707:
5380:
5355:
5029:
4383:
4040:
3685:
1668:
is 20 MHz, and the pre-compression bandwidth for chrominance is a 7.425 MHz carrier.
3729:
3208:
763:), a MUSE receiver can retrieve the original RGB color components using the following matrix:
5345:
5264:
5119:
5014:
4861:
4851:
4841:
4699:
4404:
2334:
2184:
2154:
1755:
158:
5238:
5049:
5009:
4732:
4378:
4302:
3847:
3801:
High Definition Television: The Creation, Development and Implementation of HDTV Technology
2748:
2544:
High Definition Television: The Creation, Development and Implementation of HDTV Technology
1754:) above. Approximately 3 kW of power would be required, in order to get 40 dB of
1539:
1413:
299:
234:
736:
705:
650:
621:
150:
Japan began broadcasting wideband analog HDTV signals in December 1988, initially with an
8:
5004:
4595:
2231:
1848:
1674:
1513:
1387:
414:. The Hi-Vision standard aims to be agnostic in this regard and work with both RGB and YP
305:
189:
140:
3687:
HDTV Proceedings for 1991: HDTV World '91 Conference & Exhibition, Las Vegas, Nevada
2730:
2187:
and many other audio coders. The methods of this codec are described in the IEEE paper:
2098:
2055:
2024:
2001:
1288:
680:
508:
5395:
5274:
4831:
4458:
3392:
2485:
2078:
1978:
1972:
1966:
1940:
1920:
1900:
1880:
1845:) would be needed in order to get a 40 dB of signal to noise ratio for a separate
1828:
1808:
1787:
1765:
1731:
1705:
1651:
601:
488:
456:
356:
336:
276:
252:
217:
162:
4237:
2205:
Shadows and multipath still plague this analog frequency modulated transmission mode.
4897:
4846:
4328:
4086:
3805:
3727:
3691:
3355:
3297:
3168:
2893:
2805:
2679:
2655:
ANSI/SMPTE 240M-1995 - Signal Parameters 1125-Line High-Definition Production Systems
2608:
2548:
3396:
3081:
The Journal of the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers
3013:
Komoto, Taro; Ishida, Junichi; Hata, Masaji; Yasunaga, Keiichi (December 19, 1979).
5390:
5044:
4509:
4467:
4001:
3956:
3781:
3667:
3597:
3468:
3441:
3384:
3330:
3142:
3111:
3057:
3026:
2993:
2962:
2926:
2840:
2600:
2213:
395:
391:
132:
2844:
2075:
has between one-half and one-eighth the sampling resolution of the luma component
5421:
5039:
4871:
3318:
3209:"Sony HDVS High Definition Video System General Catalogue 1991. Sony Corporation"
2248:
2142:
1995:
1699:
246:
3147:
3130:
2761:
https://www.bgu.ac.jp/library/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2022/08/SHIMIZU_80.pdf
2230:(1940s): The NTSC standard (as a 525 line monochrome system) was imposed by the
174:
5385:
5259:
5218:
5170:
4994:
4989:
4892:
4820:
4808:
4603:
4307:
2931:
1271:
460:
3770:"2/3-inch MS (Magnetic-Focus Electrostatic-Deflection) HARPICON for Hi-Vision"
3671:
2247:
MUSE, as the US public came to know it, was initially covered in the magazine
1761:
To overcome this limitation, it was decided to use a separate transmission of
1374:{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}EY=0.212\,ER+0.701\,EG+0.087\,EB\end{aligned}}}
1206:(with coefficients corresponding to the SMPTE RP 145 primaries, also known as
5493:
5472:
5441:
5375:
5315:
5254:
5165:
5160:
4816:
4681:
4583:
4578:
4233:
4193:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4121:
4103:
4027:
3960:
3785:
3601:
3472:
2998:
2706:
2604:
2263:
2176:
2172:
1917:. With this in place, the power requirements drop to 260 W of power (190 for
188:
player. There were also a number of players available from other brands like
166:
4005:
3334:
3115:
4312:
4279:
4133:
2518:
2449:
585:{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}YM=0.294\,R+0.588\,G+0.118\,B\end{aligned}}}
151:
4032:
3030:
2966:
5426:
4368:
3076:
3061:
3045:
3014:
2981:
2950:
2914:
2309:
transmission) and uniform sampling rates and interoperable screen sizes.
2290:
1998:, followed by the number of samples of the two color (chroma) components
1784:
1750:
1268:
596:
399:
294:
242:
128:
2519:"DBNSTJ : Realization of High-Definition Television by MUSE System"
386:
MUSE's "1125 lines" are an analog measurement, which includes non-video
5071:
4826:
4760:
4671:
4630:
3413:. Nippon Electric Company. September 17, 1990 – via Google Books.
2150:
467:
3015:"YC Separate Transmission of high Definition Television Signal by BSE"
5340:
5034:
4613:
4153:
4113:
3388:
2331:
2323:
2294:
2216:
channel 9 (NHK BS Hi-vision) was broadcast until September 30, 2007.
2157:
system uses) and non-linear 13-bit digital encoding at a 32 kHz
2145:. It used a fixed transmission rate of 1350 kbp/s. Like the PAL
1762:
1724:
528:, specified as the following mix of the original RGB color channels:
482:
434:
Pixels per line (fully interpolated): 1122 (still image)/748 (moving)
387:
270:
185:
181:
155:
4912:
4902:
4793:
4778:
4353:
4292:
4225:
2225:
Internal reasons inside Japan that led to the creation of Hi-Vision
3656:"The State-of-the-Art and the Future Development of Hi-Vision Vtr"
5325:
4742:
4689:
4205:
2255:
2126:
MUSE had a discrete 2- or 4-channel digital audio system called "
1207:
212:
in the 1980s as a compression system for Hi-Vision HDTV signals.
2341:
The HDL-2000 was a full band high definition video disc player.
1873:
FM signal in the 22 GHz satellite band. This was feasible.
1626:{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}EPR=1.576\,(ER-EY)\end{aligned}}}
1500:{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}EPB=1.826\,(EB-EY)\end{aligned}}}
5370:
5360:
4333:
4269:
4129:
2443:
2286:
216:
Japanese broadcast engineers immediately rejected conventional
4201:
3825:
Government of Canada, Public Services and Procurement Canada.
3129:
Mahmoud, Alaa; Mahmoud, Safwat W.Z.; Abdelhady, Kamal (2015).
2944:
2942:
5405:
5335:
5155:
5150:
5145:
4566:
4497:
4297:
4209:
4143:
4137:
4063:
3774:
The Journal of the Institute of Television Engineers of Japan
3323:
The Journal of the Institute of Television Engineers of Japan
2986:
The Journal of the Institute of Television Engineers of Japan
2919:
The Journal of the Institute of Television Engineers of Japan
2915:"3. Signal and Transmission Equipment for High-Definition TV"
2479:
2459:
2411:
2282:
2278:
2146:
3767:
3319:"HDTV (hi-vision): (1). A short history of HDTV (hi-vision)"
2581:. International Telecommunication Union. 1992. ITU-R BO.786.
2301:
as a domestic terrestrial television transmission standard.
135:
lines, therefore this system is sometimes also mentioned as
5436:
5400:
5233:
5140:
4984:
4737:
4620:
4561:
4549:
4544:
4522:
4485:
4480:
4125:
2939:
2491:
2464:
2455:
The analog TV systems these systems were meant to replace:
2446:, a planned high-definition analog video standard in Europe
2305:
2208:
Japan has since switched to a digital HDTV system based on
2171:
The DANCE audio codec was superseded by Dolby AC-3 (a.k.a.
193:
3192:"Sony HDVS High Definition Video System. Sony Corporation"
3135:
Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences
2132:
Digital Audio Near-instantaneous Compression and Expansion
139:. MUSE employed 2-dimensional filtering, dot-interlacing,
5320:
5295:
4608:
4197:
3489:. 情報通信総合研究所. September 17, 1994 – via Google Books.
2731:"テレビ多チャンネル時代における放送と通信の融合(4) | NDLサーチ | 国立国会図書館"
2469:
2180:
170:
3503:. 日本放送出版協会. September 17, 1984 – via Google Books.
3427:. 日本放送出版協会. September 17, 1988 – via Google Books.
3280:. 山一証券経済研究所. September 4, 1989 – via Google Books.
3012:
2913:
Jun-ichi, Ishida; Ninomiya, Yuichi (December 19, 1982).
466:
DPCM Audio compression format: DPCM quasi-instantaneous
3128:
459:: 2 front channels)/32 kHz/12 bit (4 channel
3374:
3164:
Radio-Frequency Electronics: Circuits and Applications
2576:"MUSE system for HDTV broadcasting-satellite services"
1136:
1043:
980:
909:
824:
782:
3730:"VTRs and TV Cameras for Industrial and Business Use"
2101:
2081:
2058:
2027:
2004:
1981:
1943:
1923:
1903:
1883:
1851:
1831:
1811:
1790:
1768:
1734:
1708:
1677:
1654:
1577:
1542:
1516:
1451:
1416:
1390:
1317:
1291:
772:
739:
708:
683:
653:
624:
604:
537:
511:
491:
359:
339:
308:
279:
255:
3975:"Panasonic HDTV AU-HD1400 / AU-Z7000 UniHi Brochure"
3546:. IEEE. September 17, 1985 – via Google Books.
3532:. IEEE. September 17, 1989 – via Google Books.
2297:
in the time domain within the MAC signal structure.
2219:
45:
may be too technical for most readers to understand
2110:
2087:
2067:
2036:
2013:
1987:
1949:
1929:
1909:
1889:
1865:
1837:
1817:
1796:
1774:
1740:
1714:
1691:
1660:
1625:
1560:
1528:
1499:
1434:
1402:
1373:
1300:
1202:The system used a colorimetry matrix specified by
1191:
754:
723:
692:
676:difference signals. By using these three signals (
668:
639:
610:
584:
520:
497:
365:
345:
322:
285:
261:
210:NHK Science & Technology Research Laboratories
5458:List of digital television deployments by country
3351:High Definition Television - Hi Vision Technology
3262:Digital Video and HDTV: Algorithms and Interfaces
2390:Cameras based on Saticon tubes, Plumbicon tubes,
5470:
3824:
2912:
2889:High Definition Television: Hi-Vision Technology
2482:-like audio coding is used in the HD-MAC system.
2414:allowed home recording of Hi-Vision programmes.
2190:
147:Hi-Vision source signal into just 8.1 MHz.
27:1980s analog high-definition television standard
2675:Digital Video and HD: Algorithms and Interfaces
2312:
449:Sampling frequency for broadcast: 16.2 MHz
3690:. National Association of Broadcasters. 1991.
2570:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2258:satellite technology by the end of the 1980s.
1960:
5087:
4048:
3514:Chiariglione, Leonardo (September 17, 1988).
437:Reference clock periods: 1920 per active line
3918:. Association for Computing Machinery. 1995.
3513:
3167:. Cambridge University Press. 11 June 2009.
2621:on January 31, 2022 – via IEEE Xplore.
2153:(as opposed to Syllabic-companding like the
4062:
3751:"取扱説明書ダウンロード | サポート・お問い合わせ | ソニー"
2561:
446:Refresh rate: 59.94 or 60 frames per second
381:
5094:
5080:
4055:
4041:
2141:) that was not psychoacoustics-based like
1636:
1214:MUSE colorimetry (SMPTE 240M / SMPTE "C")
165:HDTV was already under development in the
123:-R recommendation BO.786 and specified by
108:, with design efforts going back to 1979.
4943:
4941:
4023:Example of an early MUSE LaserDisc player
3930:"Panasonic HDTV AU-HD1500 UniHi Brochure"
3518:. North-Holland – via Google Books.
3436:
3434:
3377:IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics
3203:
3201:
3186:
3184:
3146:
2997:
2930:
2882:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2874:
2137:It used differential audio transmission (
1597:
1471:
1360:
1347:
1334:
574:
564:
554:
73:Learn how and when to remove this message
57:, without removing the technical details.
5101:
3907:
3905:
3903:
3723:
3721:
3579:
3577:
3575:
3573:
3571:
3238:
3236:
2872:
2870:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2770:
2768:
2648:
2439:Analog high-definition television system
106:analog high-definition television system
3649:
3647:
3316:
2671:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2317:
14:
5471:
4938:
4935:Also used in China's DVB-S/S2 network.
4931:
4929:
3431:
3198:
3181:
2541:Cianci, Philip J. (January 10, 2014).
2540:
2488:in TV indicated as 4:2:2, 4:1:1 etc...
2277:The EBU development and deployment of
2118:has half the resolution of red-green.
90:Multiple sub-Nyquist Sampling Encoding
5075:
4973:
4074:
4036:
4028:Hi-Vision, MUSE, and the Optical Disc
3900:
3718:
3654:Oba, Yoshinobu (September 10, 1991).
3584:上原, 省吾; 高橋, 宏雄 (September 10, 1991).
3568:
3317:Takashi, Fujio (September 16, 1988).
3233:
3077:"Rowing a Boat to the HDTV New World"
3074:
3043:
2979:
2948:
2851:
2815:
2765:
431:Scanlines (total/active): 1,125/1,035
55:make it understandable to non-experts
4974:
3644:
3583:
3100:"Hdtv (ハイビジョン) 開発の経緯-システムの最適化とその性能-"
3044:FUJIO, Takashi (December 19, 1984).
2980:Fujio, Takashi (December 19, 1981).
2949:Fujio, Takashi (December 19, 1980).
2701:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2672:Poynton, Charles (January 3, 2003).
2625:
2529:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2344:
463:: 3 front channels + 1 back channel)
169:. Hi-Vision was mainly broadcast by
29:
4926:
3987:
3653:
3347:
3046:"High-Definition Television System"
1728:) at the lower frequencies and the
24:
3942:
3827:"Information archivée dans le Web"
3454:
3244:"Detailed Colorspace Descriptions"
3097:
3075:FUJIO, Takashi (August 19, 2006).
2826:
2406:
2270:The Europeans (in the form of the
2139:differential pulse-code modulation
2121:
1648:The pre-compression bandwidth for
25:
5505:
4016:
3544:"GLOBECOM '85: Conference Record"
2692:
2504:
2220:Cultural and geopolitical impacts
2179:(a.k.a. DTS Zeta 6x20 or ARTEC),
425:Key features of the MUSE system:
5125:Ultra-high-definition television
3411:"NEC Research & Development"
2397:
1642:changed to a 16:9 aspect ratio.
34:
3981:
3967:
3936:
3922:
3884:
3870:
3854:
3840:
3818:
3792:
3761:
3743:
3704:
3678:
3626:
3608:
3550:
3536:
3522:
3507:
3493:
3479:
3448:
3417:
3403:
3368:
3341:
3310:
3284:
3270:
3254:
3215:
3155:
3122:
3091:
3087:(8): 728–734 – via CiNii.
3068:
3037:
3006:
2973:
2906:
2798:
2776:"MUSE HI-DEF LaserDisc Players"
2754:
4075:
3988:佐々木, 清志 (September 10, 1996).
3804:. McFarland. 10 January 2014.
3455:中川, 一三夫 (September 17, 1986).
2982:"High Definitional Television"
2741:
2723:
2665:
2585:
2212:, but the original MUSE-based
2183:(a.k.a. MP3), MPEG-2 Layer I,
1616:
1598:
1490:
1472:
476:
396:lines-of-horizontal resolution
13:
1:
4440:Field-sequential color system
3943:角井, 良治 (September 10, 1991).
2892:. Springer. 6 December 2012.
2845:10.11454/photogrst1964.56.309
2827:西澤, 台次 (September 10, 1993).
2497:
2356:Digital Audio Stationary Head
2191:Real world performance issues
2151:near-instantaneous companding
2095:, and the blue-yellow chroma
5020:Reverse Standards Conversion
3098:藤尾, 孝 (September 10, 1988).
2313:Device support for Hi-Vision
1308:) function is specified as:
7:
3666:(S_2_PMRC_91): S2_809–814.
3148:10.1016/j.bjbas.2015.05.002
2432:
2369:
2272:European Broadcasting Union
2052:red-green chroma component
2048:video signal by one-third.
1961:Sampling systems and ratios
1384:The blue color difference (
10:
5510:
5484:High-definition television
5115:High-definition television
3337:– via cir.nii.ac.jp.
2932:10.3169/itej1978.36.10_882
2599:: 1–7. November 30, 1999.
2385:
1964:
1510:The red color difference (
203:
141:motion-vector compensation
5450:
5414:
5304:
5283:
5247:
5211:
5179:
5133:
5107:
4980:
4969:
4921:
4880:
4807:
4769:
4751:
4698:
4680:
4657:
4639:
4594:
4508:
4466:
4457:
4392:
4321:
4278:
4262:
4246:
4224:
4152:
4112:
4094:
4085:
4081:
4070:
3866:. 日本経済新聞社. November 1990.
3672:10.3379/jmsjmag.15.S2_809
3306:– via Google Books.
3296:. 丸善. September 4, 1992.
3264:, Morgan–Kaufmann, 2003.
2688:– via Google Books.
2557:– via Google Books.
1221:
1218:
333:Separate transmission of
117:digital video compression
92:), commercially known as
3961:10.3169/itej1978.45.1289
3786:10.3169/itej1978.44.1561
3602:10.3169/itej1978.45.1392
3473:10.3169/itej1978.40.1126
2999:10.3169/itej1978.35.1016
2605:10.5594/SMPTE.ST240.1999
382:Technical specifications
184:released the first MUSE
4064:Broadcast video formats
4006:10.3169/itej1978.50.192
3335:10.3169/itej1978.42.570
3116:10.3169/itej1978.42.570
2806:"MUSE方式アナログハイビジョン終了の経緯"
2199:A River Runs Through It
2149:stereo system, it used
1702:NTSC signal - with the
1637:Signal and Transmission
1536:) is amplitude-scaled (
1410:) is amplitude-scaled (
5030:Television transmitter
3457:"Muse方式高品位テレビ信号の周波数解析"
2177:DTS Coherent Acoustics
2112:
2089:
2069:
2038:
2015:
1989:
1951:
1931:
1911:
1891:
1867:
1839:
1819:
1798:
1776:
1742:
1716:
1693:
1662:
1627:
1562:
1530:
1501:
1436:
1404:
1375:
1302:
1193:
756:
725:
694:
670:
641:
612:
586:
522:
499:
367:
347:
324:
287:
263:
208:MUSE was developed by
5479:Television technology
5120:High-definition video
5015:MPEG transport stream
4842:MPEG-1 Audio Layer II
4405:Mechanical television
4313:Zweikanalton (A2/IGR)
3896:. Daiichi Hōki. 1992.
3031:10.11485/tvtr.3.26_61
2967:10.11485/tvtr.4.28_19
2780:LaserDisc UK Web Site
2335:high-definition video
2113:
2090:
2070:
2039:
2016:
1990:
1952:
1932:
1912:
1897:and 1.6 MHz for
1892:
1868:
1840:
1820:
1799:
1777:
1743:
1717:
1694:
1663:
1628:
1563:
1561:{\displaystyle ER-EY}
1531:
1502:
1437:
1435:{\displaystyle EB-EY}
1405:
1376:
1303:
1222:CIE 1931 coordinates
1194:
757:
726:
695:
671:
642:
613:
587:
523:
500:
440:Interlaced ratio: 2:1
390:taking place while a
368:
348:
325:
288:
264:
159:high-definition video
5171:8640p (16K Ultra HD)
5102:High-definition (HD)
5050:Widescreen signaling
5025:Standards conversion
5010:Moving image formats
4008:– via J-Stage.
3963:– via J-Stage.
3674:– via J-Stage.
3604:– via J-Stage.
3475:– via J-Stage.
3260:Charles A. Poynton,
3118:– via J-Stage.
3062:10.11485/tvtr.8.1_33
3050:ITE Technical Report
3019:ITE Technical Report
2955:ITE Technical Report
2847:– via J-Stage.
2318:Hi-Vision LaserDiscs
2166:Hi-Vision Technology
2099:
2079:
2056:
2025:
2002:
1979:
1941:
1921:
1901:
1881:
1849:
1829:
1809:
1788:
1766:
1732:
1706:
1675:
1652:
1575:
1540:
1514:
1449:
1414:
1388:
1315:
1289:
770:
755:{\displaystyle R-YM}
737:
724:{\displaystyle B-YM}
706:
681:
669:{\displaystyle R-YM}
651:
640:{\displaystyle B-YM}
622:
602:
535:
509:
489:
357:
337:
306:
300:Frequency modulation
277:
253:
5489:Japanese inventions
5284:Filming and storage
5166:4320p (8K Ultra HD)
5161:2160p (4K Ultra HD)
5005:Display motion blur
3945:"ハイビジョンvtrの規格 (ii)"
3780:(11): 1561–1569_1.
3530:"Conference Record"
3442:"帯域圧縮テレビジョン信号の受信装置"
3223:"SMPTE-240M Y'PbPr"
2475:Related standards:
2130:", which stood for
1866:{\displaystyle Y/C}
1692:{\displaystyle Y/C}
1529:{\displaystyle EPR}
1403:{\displaystyle EPB}
1215:
323:{\displaystyle Y/C}
228:Modulation research
5056:Analogue TV Topics
3834:publications.gc.ca
3564:. August 22, 2023.
3064:– via CiNii.
3033:– via CiNii.
3002:– via CiNii.
2969:– via CiNii.
2935:– via CiNii.
2735:国立国会図書館サーチ（NDLサーチ）
2486:Chroma subsampling
2285:and much later on
2111:{\displaystyle Cb}
2108:
2085:
2068:{\displaystyle Cr}
2065:
2037:{\displaystyle Cr}
2034:
2014:{\displaystyle Cb}
2011:
1985:
1967:Chroma subsampling
1947:
1927:
1907:
1887:
1863:
1835:
1815:
1794:
1772:
1738:
1712:
1689:
1658:
1623:
1621:
1558:
1526:
1497:
1495:
1432:
1400:
1371:
1369:
1301:{\displaystyle EY}
1298:
1213:
1189:
1187:
1179:
1125:
1023:
969:
898:
804:
752:
721:
693:{\displaystyle YM}
690:
666:
637:
608:
582:
580:
521:{\displaystyle YM}
518:
495:
363:
343:
320:
283:
259:
218:vestigial sideband
100:gh-definition tele
96:(a contraction of
5466:
5465:
5212:Digital broadcast
5069:
5068:
5065:
5064:
4965:
4964:
4961:
4960:
4957:
4956:
4847:MPEG Multichannel
4453:
4452:
3955:(10): 1289–1290.
3811:978-0-7864-8797-4
3697:978-0-89324-108-7
3596:(11): 1392–1397.
3467:(11): 1126–1132.
3303:978-4-621-03681-5
3174:978-0-521-88974-2
2992:(12): 1016–1023.
2899:978-1-4684-6536-5
2614:978-1-61482-389-6
2345:Reel to reel VTRs
2088:{\displaystyle Y}
1988:{\displaystyle Y}
1950:{\displaystyle C}
1930:{\displaystyle Y}
1910:{\displaystyle C}
1890:{\displaystyle Y}
1838:{\displaystyle C}
1818:{\displaystyle Y}
1797:{\displaystyle C}
1775:{\displaystyle Y}
1741:{\displaystyle C}
1715:{\displaystyle Y}
1661:{\displaystyle Y}
1568:), according to:
1442:), according to:
1283:
1282:
1037:
1031:
818:
812:
611:{\displaystyle C}
498:{\displaystyle Y}
443:Aspect ratio 16:9
366:{\displaystyle C}
346:{\displaystyle Y}
286:{\displaystyle C}
262:{\displaystyle Y}
180:On May 20, 1994,
104:) was a Japanese
83:
82:
75:
16:(Redirected from
5501:
5391:Ultra HD Blu-ray
5203:MUSE (Hi-Vision)
5186:
5181:Analog broadcast
5096:
5089:
5082:
5073:
5072:
5045:Video processing
4975:Technical issues
4971:
4970:
4948:
4945:
4936:
4933:
4464:
4463:
4196:(Color systems:
4124:(Color systems:
4092:
4091:
4083:
4082:
4072:
4071:
4057:
4050:
4043:
4034:
4033:
4010:
4009:
3985:
3979:
3978:
3971:
3965:
3964:
3940:
3934:
3933:
3926:
3920:
3919:
3909:
3898:
3897:
3888:
3882:
3881:
3874:
3868:
3867:
3858:
3852:
3851:
3844:
3838:
3837:
3831:
3822:
3816:
3815:
3796:
3790:
3789:
3765:
3759:
3758:
3747:
3741:
3740:
3734:
3725:
3716:
3715:
3708:
3702:
3701:
3682:
3676:
3675:
3651:
3642:
3641:
3638:sts.kahaku.go.jp
3630:
3624:
3623:
3620:sts.kahaku.go.jp
3612:
3606:
3605:
3581:
3566:
3565:
3554:
3548:
3547:
3540:
3534:
3533:
3526:
3520:
3519:
3511:
3505:
3504:
3497:
3491:
3490:
3483:
3477:
3476:
3452:
3446:
3445:
3438:
3429:
3428:
3421:
3415:
3414:
3407:
3401:
3400:
3389:10.1109/30.85585
3372:
3366:
3365:
3345:
3339:
3338:
3314:
3308:
3307:
3288:
3282:
3281:
3278:"産業のすべて: 1989年版"
3274:
3268:
3258:
3252:
3251:
3240:
3231:
3230:
3219:
3213:
3212:
3205:
3196:
3195:
3188:
3179:
3178:
3159:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3126:
3120:
3119:
3095:
3089:
3088:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3010:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2946:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2884:
2849:
2848:
2824:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2786:on 30 April 2016
2782:. Archived from
2772:
2763:
2758:
2752:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2707:"MUSE LaserDisc"
2703:
2690:
2689:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2650:
2623:
2622:
2617:. Archived from
2589:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2572:
2559:
2558:
2538:
2527:
2526:
2515:
2181:MPEG-1 Layer III
2117:
2115:
2114:
2109:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2086:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2012:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1986:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1936:
1934:
1933:
1928:
1916:
1914:
1913:
1908:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1872:
1870:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1844:
1842:
1841:
1836:
1824:
1822:
1821:
1816:
1803:
1801:
1800:
1795:
1781:
1779:
1778:
1773:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1721:
1719:
1718:
1713:
1698:
1696:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1667:
1665:
1664:
1659:
1632:
1630:
1629:
1624:
1622:
1567:
1565:
1564:
1559:
1535:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1506:
1504:
1503:
1498:
1496:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1433:
1409:
1407:
1406:
1401:
1380:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1370:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1216:
1212:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1130:
1129:
1097:
1077:
1061:
1035:
1029:
1028:
1027:
974:
973:
941:
903:
902:
858:
842:
816:
810:
809:
808:
761:
759:
758:
753:
730:
728:
727:
722:
699:
697:
696:
691:
675:
673:
672:
667:
646:
644:
643:
638:
617:
615:
614:
609:
591:
589:
588:
583:
581:
527:
525:
524:
519:
504:
502:
501:
496:
372:
370:
369:
364:
352:
350:
349:
344:
329:
327:
326:
321:
316:
292:
290:
289:
284:
268:
266:
265:
260:
247:composite signal
78:
71:
67:
64:
58:
38:
37:
30:
21:
5509:
5508:
5504:
5503:
5502:
5500:
5499:
5498:
5469:
5468:
5467:
5462:
5446:
5410:
5307:
5300:
5279:
5243:
5207:
5193:819 line system
5184:
5183:
5175:
5156:1440p (Quad HD)
5151:1080p (Full HD)
5146:1080i (Full HD)
5129:
5103:
5100:
5070:
5061:
5040:Video on demand
4985:14:9 compromise
4976:
4953:
4952:
4951:
4946:
4939:
4934:
4927:
4917:
4876:
4872:MPEG-H 3D Audio
4803:
4765:
4747:
4694:
4676:
4653:
4635:
4590:
4504:
4449:
4388:
4317:
4274:
4258:
4242:
4220:
4148:
4108:
4077:
4066:
4061:
4019:
4014:
4013:
3986:
3982:
3973:
3972:
3968:
3941:
3937:
3928:
3927:
3923:
3911:
3910:
3901:
3890:
3889:
3885:
3876:
3875:
3871:
3860:
3859:
3855:
3846:
3845:
3841:
3829:
3823:
3819:
3812:
3798:
3797:
3793:
3766:
3762:
3749:
3748:
3744:
3732:
3726:
3719:
3710:
3709:
3705:
3698:
3684:
3683:
3679:
3652:
3645:
3634:"産業技術史資料データベース"
3632:
3631:
3627:
3616:"産業技術史資料データベース"
3614:
3613:
3609:
3582:
3569:
3562:web.archive.org
3556:
3555:
3551:
3542:
3541:
3537:
3528:
3527:
3523:
3512:
3508:
3499:
3498:
3494:
3485:
3484:
3480:
3453:
3449:
3440:
3439:
3432:
3423:
3422:
3418:
3409:
3408:
3404:
3373:
3369:
3362:
3346:
3342:
3315:
3311:
3304:
3290:
3289:
3285:
3276:
3275:
3271:
3259:
3255:
3248:www.linuxtv.org
3242:
3241:
3234:
3221:
3220:
3216:
3207:
3206:
3199:
3190:
3189:
3182:
3175:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3127:
3123:
3096:
3092:
3073:
3069:
3042:
3038:
3011:
3007:
2978:
2974:
2947:
2940:
2925:(10): 882–888.
2911:
2907:
2900:
2886:
2885:
2852:
2825:
2816:
2808:
2804:
2803:
2799:
2789:
2787:
2774:
2773:
2766:
2759:
2755:
2746:
2742:
2729:
2728:
2724:
2715:
2713:
2705:
2704:
2693:
2686:
2670:
2666:
2658:
2652:
2651:
2626:
2615:
2591:
2590:
2586:
2578:
2574:
2573:
2562:
2555:
2539:
2530:
2523:dbnst.nii.ac.jp
2517:
2516:
2505:
2500:
2435:
2425:
2421:
2409:
2407:Video cassettes
2400:
2388:
2381:
2377:
2372:
2365:
2361:
2347:
2320:
2315:
2249:Popular Science
2222:
2193:
2143:MPEG-1 Layer II
2124:
2122:Audio subsystem
2100:
2097:
2096:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1969:
1963:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1855:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1756:signal to noise
1733:
1730:
1729:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1700:composite video
1681:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1639:
1620:
1619:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1494:
1493:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1368:
1367:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1186:
1185:
1178:
1177:
1162:
1161:
1146:
1145:
1132:
1131:
1124:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1101:
1093:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1073:
1065:
1057:
1049:
1039:
1038:
1022:
1021:
1006:
1005:
990:
989:
976:
975:
968:
967:
962:
957:
951:
950:
945:
937:
932:
926:
925:
920:
915:
905:
904:
897:
896:
891:
886:
880:
879:
874:
869:
863:
862:
854:
846:
838:
830:
820:
819:
803:
802:
796:
795:
789:
788:
778:
777:
773:
771:
768:
767:
738:
735:
734:
707:
704:
703:
682:
679:
678:
652:
649:
648:
623:
620:
619:
618:signal encodes
603:
600:
599:
579:
578:
538:
536:
533:
532:
510:
507:
506:
490:
487:
486:
479:
421:
417:
413:
409:
384:
358:
355:
354:
338:
335:
334:
312:
307:
304:
303:
278:
275:
274:
254:
251:
250:
206:
113:dot-interlacing
79:
68:
62:
59:
51:help improve it
48:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5507:
5497:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5464:
5463:
5461:
5460:
5454:
5452:
5448:
5447:
5445:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5418:
5416:
5412:
5411:
5409:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5386:Super Audio CD
5383:
5378:
5376:MUSE LaserDisc
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5312:
5310:
5302:
5301:
5299:
5298:
5293:
5287:
5285:
5281:
5280:
5278:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5260:Surround sound
5257:
5251:
5249:
5245:
5244:
5242:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5215:
5213:
5209:
5208:
5206:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5189:
5187:
5177:
5176:
5174:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5137:
5135:
5131:
5130:
5128:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5111:
5109:
5105:
5104:
5099:
5098:
5091:
5084:
5076:
5067:
5066:
5063:
5062:
5060:
5059:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4995:Digital cinema
4992:
4990:Broadcast-safe
4987:
4981:
4978:
4977:
4967:
4966:
4963:
4962:
4959:
4958:
4955:
4954:
4950:
4949:
4937:
4924:
4923:
4922:
4919:
4918:
4916:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4893:Broadcast flag
4890:
4884:
4882:
4881:Hidden signals
4878:
4877:
4875:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4813:
4811:
4805:
4804:
4802:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4775:
4773:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4763:
4757:
4755:
4749:
4748:
4746:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4704:
4702:
4696:
4695:
4693:
4692:
4686:
4684:
4678:
4677:
4675:
4674:
4669:
4663:
4661:
4655:
4654:
4652:
4651:
4645:
4643:
4637:
4636:
4634:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4617:
4616:
4606:
4600:
4598:
4592:
4591:
4589:
4588:
4587:
4586:
4581:
4571:
4570:
4569:
4564:
4554:
4553:
4552:
4547:
4537:
4536:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4514:
4512:
4506:
4505:
4503:
4502:
4501:
4500:
4490:
4489:
4488:
4483:
4472:
4470:
4461:
4455:
4454:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4396:
4394:
4390:
4389:
4387:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4325:
4323:
4322:Hidden signals
4319:
4318:
4316:
4315:
4310:
4308:Sound-in-Syncs
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4284:
4282:
4276:
4275:
4273:
4272:
4266:
4264:
4260:
4259:
4257:
4256:
4250:
4248:
4244:
4243:
4241:
4240:
4230:
4228:
4222:
4221:
4219:
4218:
4213:
4158:
4156:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4146:
4141:
4118:
4116:
4110:
4109:
4107:
4106:
4100:
4098:
4089:
4079:
4078:
4068:
4067:
4060:
4059:
4052:
4045:
4037:
4031:
4030:
4025:
4018:
4017:External links
4015:
4012:
4011:
4000:(2): 192–194.
3990:"3. ハイビジョンvtr"
3980:
3966:
3935:
3921:
3899:
3893:Kyōiku to jōhō
3883:
3878:"Dempa Digest"
3869:
3853:
3839:
3817:
3810:
3791:
3760:
3742:
3737:Hitachi Review
3717:
3703:
3696:
3677:
3643:
3625:
3607:
3567:
3549:
3535:
3521:
3506:
3492:
3478:
3447:
3430:
3416:
3402:
3383:(3): 677–683.
3367:
3360:
3340:
3329:(6): 570–578.
3309:
3302:
3283:
3269:
3253:
3232:
3227:www5.in.tum.de
3214:
3197:
3180:
3173:
3154:
3121:
3110:(6): 570–578.
3090:
3067:
3036:
3005:
2972:
2938:
2905:
2898:
2850:
2839:(4): 309–317.
2814:
2797:
2764:
2753:
2740:
2722:
2691:
2684:
2664:
2661:. SMPTE. 1995.
2624:
2613:
2584:
2560:
2553:
2528:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2494:
2489:
2483:
2473:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2441:
2434:
2431:
2423:
2419:
2408:
2405:
2399:
2396:
2392:Harpicon tubes
2387:
2384:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2368:
2363:
2359:
2346:
2343:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2245:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2227:
2226:
2221:
2218:
2192:
2189:
2123:
2120:
2107:
2104:
2084:
2064:
2061:
2033:
2030:
2010:
2007:
1984:
1965:Main article:
1962:
1959:
1946:
1926:
1906:
1886:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1834:
1814:
1793:
1771:
1737:
1711:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1657:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1508:
1507:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1382:
1381:
1366:
1363:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1297:
1294:
1281:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1265:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1232:
1231:
1228:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1200:
1199:
1182:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1128:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1034:
1026:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
991:
988:
985:
982:
981:
979:
972:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
952:
949:
946:
944:
940:
936:
933:
931:
928:
927:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
910:
908:
901:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
881:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
864:
861:
857:
853:
850:
847:
845:
841:
837:
834:
831:
829:
826:
825:
823:
815:
807:
801:
798:
797:
794:
791:
790:
787:
784:
783:
781:
776:
775:
751:
748:
745:
742:
720:
717:
714:
711:
689:
686:
665:
662:
659:
656:
636:
633:
630:
627:
607:
593:
592:
577:
573:
570:
567:
563:
560:
557:
553:
550:
547:
544:
541:
540:
517:
514:
494:
478:
475:
474:
473:
470:
464:
453:
450:
447:
444:
441:
438:
435:
432:
429:
419:
415:
411:
407:
383:
380:
379:
378:
374:
362:
342:
331:
319:
315:
311:
282:
258:
230:
229:
225:
224:
221:
205:
202:
173:through their
127:260M, using a
81:
80:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5506:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5476:
5474:
5459:
5456:
5455:
5453:
5449:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5419:
5417:
5413:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5316:Archival Disc
5314:
5313:
5311:
5309:
5303:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5288:
5286:
5282:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5255:Dolby Digital
5253:
5252:
5250:
5246:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5216:
5214:
5210:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5190:
5188:
5185:(All defunct)
5182:
5178:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5138:
5136:
5132:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5112:
5110:
5106:
5097:
5092:
5090:
5085:
5083:
5078:
5077:
5074:
5057:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5000:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4982:
4979:
4972:
4968:
4944:
4942:
4932:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4885:
4883:
4879:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4822:
4818:
4815:
4814:
4812:
4810:
4806:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4776:
4774:
4772:
4768:
4762:
4759:
4758:
4756:
4754:
4750:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4705:
4703:
4701:
4697:
4691:
4688:
4687:
4685:
4683:
4682:MPEG-4 Visual
4679:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4660:
4656:
4650:
4647:
4646:
4644:
4642:
4638:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4615:
4612:
4611:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4601:
4599:
4597:
4593:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4576:
4575:
4572:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4559:
4558:
4555:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4542:
4541:
4538:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4520:
4519:
4516:
4515:
4513:
4511:
4507:
4499:
4496:
4495:
4494:
4491:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4478:
4477:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4469:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4456:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4397:
4395:
4391:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4326:
4324:
4320:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4285:
4283:
4281:
4277:
4271:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4261:
4255:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4245:
4239:
4235:
4232:
4231:
4229:
4227:
4223:
4217:
4214:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4163:
4160:
4159:
4157:
4155:
4151:
4145:
4142:
4139:
4135:
4131:
4127:
4123:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4115:
4111:
4105:
4102:
4101:
4099:
4097:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4073:
4069:
4065:
4058:
4053:
4051:
4046:
4044:
4039:
4038:
4035:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4020:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3991:
3984:
3976:
3970:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3939:
3931:
3925:
3917:
3916:
3908:
3906:
3904:
3895:
3894:
3887:
3879:
3873:
3865:
3864:
3857:
3849:
3843:
3835:
3828:
3821:
3813:
3807:
3803:
3802:
3795:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3771:
3764:
3756:
3752:
3746:
3738:
3731:
3724:
3722:
3713:
3707:
3699:
3693:
3689:
3688:
3681:
3673:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3650:
3648:
3639:
3635:
3629:
3621:
3617:
3611:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3580:
3578:
3576:
3574:
3572:
3563:
3559:
3553:
3545:
3539:
3531:
3525:
3517:
3510:
3502:
3496:
3488:
3482:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3451:
3443:
3437:
3435:
3426:
3425:"ニューメディア用語辞典"
3420:
3412:
3406:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3371:
3363:
3361:0-442-00798-1
3357:
3353:
3352:
3344:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3313:
3305:
3299:
3295:
3294:
3287:
3279:
3273:
3267:
3263:
3257:
3249:
3245:
3239:
3237:
3228:
3224:
3218:
3210:
3204:
3202:
3193:
3187:
3185:
3176:
3170:
3166:
3165:
3158:
3149:
3144:
3141:(2): 99–108.
3140:
3136:
3132:
3125:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3094:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3071:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3040:
3032:
3028:
3025:(26): 61–66.
3024:
3020:
3016:
3009:
3000:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2976:
2968:
2964:
2961:(28): 19–24.
2960:
2956:
2952:
2945:
2943:
2933:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2909:
2901:
2895:
2891:
2890:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2829:"ハイビジョンとその動向"
2823:
2821:
2819:
2807:
2801:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2771:
2769:
2762:
2757:
2750:
2747:1994年11月28日付
2744:
2736:
2732:
2726:
2712:
2711:ura.caldc.com
2708:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2687:
2685:9780080504308
2681:
2677:
2676:
2668:
2657:
2656:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2620:
2616:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2588:
2577:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2556:
2554:9780786487974
2550:
2547:. McFarland.
2546:
2545:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2524:
2520:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2503:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2476:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2456:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2430:
2427:
2415:
2413:
2404:
2398:MUSE decoders
2395:
2393:
2383:
2367:
2357:
2351:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2328:
2325:
2310:
2307:
2302:
2298:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2275:
2273:
2268:
2266:
2265:
2259:
2257:
2252:
2250:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2232:US occupation
2229:
2228:
2224:
2223:
2217:
2215:
2211:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2173:Dolby Digital
2169:
2167:
2162:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2135:
2133:
2129:
2119:
2105:
2102:
2082:
2062:
2059:
2049:
2045:
2031:
2028:
2008:
2005:
1997:
1982:
1974:
1968:
1958:
1944:
1924:
1904:
1884:
1874:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1832:
1812:
1804:
1791:
1782:
1769:
1759:
1757:
1753:
1752:
1735:
1727:
1726:
1709:
1701:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1669:
1655:
1646:
1643:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1571:
1570:
1569:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1445:
1444:
1443:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1295:
1292:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1217:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1180:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1142:
1139:
1133:
1126:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1103:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1085:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1067:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1051:
1046:
1040:
1032:
1024:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
986:
983:
977:
970:
964:
959:
954:
947:
942:
938:
934:
929:
922:
917:
912:
906:
899:
893:
888:
883:
876:
871:
866:
859:
855:
851:
848:
843:
839:
835:
832:
827:
821:
813:
805:
799:
792:
785:
779:
766:
765:
764:
762:
749:
746:
743:
740:
731:
718:
715:
712:
709:
700:
687:
684:
663:
660:
657:
654:
634:
631:
628:
625:
605:
598:
575:
571:
568:
565:
561:
558:
555:
551:
548:
545:
542:
531:
530:
529:
515:
512:
492:
484:
471:
469:
465:
462:
458:
454:
451:
448:
445:
442:
439:
436:
433:
430:
428:
427:
426:
423:
403:
401:
397:
393:
389:
375:
360:
340:
332:
317:
313:
309:
301:
296:
280:
272:
256:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
231:
227:
226:
222:
220:broadcasting.
219:
215:
214:
213:
211:
201:
197:
195:
191:
187:
183:
178:
176:
172:
168:
167:United States
164:
160:
157:
153:
148:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
109:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
77:
74:
66:
56:
52:
46:
43:This article
41:
32:
31:
19:
5396:Uncompressed
5306:HD media and
5202:
4596:MPEG-2 Video
4253:
4134:Clear-Vision
3997:
3993:
3983:
3969:
3952:
3948:
3938:
3924:
3913:
3892:
3886:
3872:
3862:
3856:
3848:"技術振興賞受賞者一覧"
3842:
3833:
3820:
3800:
3794:
3777:
3773:
3763:
3754:
3745:
3736:
3706:
3686:
3680:
3663:
3659:
3637:
3628:
3619:
3610:
3593:
3589:
3561:
3552:
3538:
3524:
3509:
3495:
3481:
3464:
3460:
3450:
3419:
3405:
3380:
3376:
3370:
3354:. Springer.
3350:
3348:NHK (1993).
3343:
3326:
3322:
3312:
3292:
3286:
3272:
3261:
3256:
3247:
3226:
3217:
3163:
3157:
3138:
3134:
3124:
3107:
3103:
3093:
3084:
3080:
3070:
3056:(1): 33–39.
3053:
3049:
3039:
3022:
3018:
3008:
2989:
2985:
2975:
2958:
2954:
2922:
2918:
2908:
2888:
2836:
2832:
2800:
2788:. Retrieved
2784:the original
2779:
2756:
2743:
2734:
2725:
2714:. Retrieved
2710:
2678:. Elsevier.
2674:
2667:
2654:
2619:the original
2596:
2587:
2543:
2522:
2474:
2454:
2450:Clear-Vision
2428:
2416:
2410:
2401:
2389:
2373:
2352:
2348:
2340:
2329:
2321:
2303:
2299:
2276:
2269:
2262:
2260:
2253:
2246:
2214:BS Satellite
2207:
2204:
2197:
2194:
2170:
2165:
2163:
2136:
2131:
2127:
2125:
2050:
2046:
1970:
1875:
1825:and 210 for
1760:
1749:
1723:
1670:
1647:
1644:
1640:
1509:
1383:
1284:
1201:
733:
702:
677:
594:
480:
424:
404:
385:
207:
198:
179:
154:of 2:1. The
152:aspect ratio
149:
136:
110:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
84:
69:
60:
44:
5451:Deployments
5427:DisplayPort
5308:compression
5134:Resolutions
5054:Templates (
4771:MPEG-H HEVC
4510:Progressive
3755:www.sony.jp
2597:St 240:1999
2159:sample rate
1973:subsampling
1937:and 69 for
1751:chrominance
1269:White Point
597:chrominance
477:Colorimetry
400:Kell factor
243:optic fiber
129:colorimetry
5473:Categories
5415:Connectors
4898:Captioning
4700:MPEG-4 AVC
4468:Interlaced
4393:Historical
4329:Captioning
4288:BTSC (MTS)
4263:1250 lines
4247:1125 lines
4076:Television
3586:"7-2 記録機器"
3501:"日本放送協会年艦"
3293:放送とニューメディア
2790:10 October
2716:2022-10-19
2498:References
2295:brightness
2185:MPEG-4 AAC
1285:The luma (
1204:SMPTE 240M
468:companding
422:signals.
388:scan lines
249:(based on
133:interlaced
63:April 2022
5422:Component
5341:DVD-Audio
5141:720p (HD)
5035:Test card
4708:ATSC A/72
4614:DVB 3D-TV
4226:819 lines
4154:625 lines
4114:525 lines
4096:405 lines
3994:テレビジョン学会誌
3949:テレビジョン学会誌
3660:日本応用磁気学会誌
3590:テレビジョン学会誌
3461:テレビジョン学会誌
3104:テレビジョン学会誌
2332:Sony HDVS
2324:LaserDisc
2267:channel.
1725:luminance
1608:−
1550:−
1482:−
1424:−
1219:Primaries
1169:−
1153:−
1068:−
1052:−
1013:−
997:−
849:−
833:−
744:−
713:−
658:−
629:−
483:luminance
481:The MUSE
377:receiver.
271:luminance
186:LaserDisc
182:Panasonic
156:Sony HDVS
145:bandwidth
94:Hi-Vision
18:Hi-Vision
5108:Concepts
4947:Defunct.
4913:Teletext
4779:ATSC 3.0
4435:567-line
4430:455-line
4425:441-line
4420:375-line
4415:343-line
4410:180-line
4400:Pre-1940
4354:Teletext
4234:System E
4162:System B
4122:System M
4104:System A
3487:"情報通信年鑑"
3397:62603128
2433:See also
2370:Displays
2264:System-M
505:encodes
461:surround
111:It used
5326:Blu-ray
5224:DMB-T/H
4794:ISDB-S3
4743:MobaHo!
4690:MobaHo!
4459:Digital
4206:PALplus
3932:. 1992.
3880:. 1991.
3714:. 1995.
2833:日本写真学会誌
2386:Cameras
2304:The US
2256:Ku Band
2234:forces.
1996:samples
1279:0.3290
1208:SMPTE-C
485:signal
204:History
190:Pioneer
163:digital
49:Please
5371:MPEG-2
5366:HD VMD
5361:HD DVD
5198:HD MAC
4867:HE-AAC
4789:HD DMB
4334:CGMS-A
4270:HD-MAC
4130:NTSC-J
4087:Analog
3863:日経産業新聞
3808:
3694:
3395:
3358:
3300:
3266:online
3171:
2896:
2682:
2611:
2551:
2444:HD-MAC
2291:colour
2287:HD-MAC
1276:0.3127
1263:0.070
1252:0.595
1241:0.340
1036:
1030:
817:
811:
457:stereo
295:chroma
102:VISION
5406:W-VHS
5356:H.266
5351:H.265
5346:H.264
5336:D-VHS
5248:Audio
5239:SBTVD
4809:Audio
4761:ABS-S
4733:SBTVD
4672:ABS-S
4631:ABS-S
4574:UHDTV
4567:1080p
4498:1080i
4298:NICAM
4280:Audio
4210:SECAM
4202:PAL-N
4144:B-MAC
4138:PAL-M
3830:(PDF)
3733:(PDF)
3393:S2CID
2809:(PDF)
2659:(PDF)
2579:(PDF)
2480:NICAM
2460:SECAM
2412:W-VHS
2378:and P
2293:from
2283:D-MAC
2279:B-MAC
2147:NICAM
2128:DANCE
1595:1.576
1469:1.826
1358:0.087
1345:0.701
1332:0.212
1260:0.155
1249:0.310
1246:Green
1238:0.630
572:0.118
562:0.588
552:0.294
137:1035i
125:SMPTE
5494:ISDB
5437:HDMI
5401:VC-1
5331:CBHD
5234:ISDB
5219:ATSC
4903:CPCM
4857:LPCM
4827:AC-4
4817:AC-3
4799:DTMB
4753:AVS2
4738:1seg
4723:DTMB
4713:CMMB
4667:DTMB
4659:AVS+
4649:CMMB
4626:DTMB
4621:ISDB
4604:ATSC
4562:720p
4557:HDTV
4550:576p
4545:480p
4540:EDTV
4533:288p
4528:240p
4523:1seg
4518:LDTV
4493:HDTV
4486:576i
4481:480i
4476:SDTV
4445:OSKM
4374:VITC
4364:VEIL
4293:EIAJ
4254:MUSE
4126:NTSC
3915:1995
3806:ISBN
3692:ISBN
3356:ISBN
3298:ISBN
3169:ISBN
2894:ISBN
2792:2021
2749:朝日新聞
2680:ISBN
2609:ISBN
2549:ISBN
2492:ISDB
2465:NTSC
2306:ATSC
2210:ISDB
2021:and
1971:The
1783:and
1257:Blue
732:and
647:and
595:The
353:and
293:for
273:and
269:for
194:Sony
192:and
175:BShi
115:and
86:MUSE
5442:VGA
5432:DVI
5381:MVC
5321:AV1
5296:HDV
5291:DCI
5275:DTS
5270:DXD
5265:DSD
5229:DVB
4999:DCI
4908:EPG
4888:AFD
4862:AAC
4852:PCM
4837:DRA
4832:DTS
4821:5.1
4784:DVB
4728:DVB
4718:DMB
4641:AVS
4609:DVB
4384:XDS
4379:WSS
4369:VIT
4359:VBI
4349:PDC
4344:GCR
4339:EPG
4303:SAP
4216:MAC
4198:PAL
4002:doi
3957:doi
3782:doi
3668:doi
3598:doi
3469:doi
3385:doi
3331:doi
3143:doi
3112:doi
3058:doi
3027:doi
2994:doi
2963:doi
2927:doi
2841:doi
2751:・夕刊
2601:doi
2470:PAL
2422:, P
2362:, P
2175:),
2155:dbx
1957:).
1272:D65
1235:Red
392:CRT
241:or
239:EHF
235:SHF
171:NHK
121:ITU
53:to
5475::
4940:^
4928:^
4584:8K
4579:4K
4236:,
4208:,
4204:,
4200:,
4192:,
4188:,
4184:,
4180:,
4176:,
4172:,
4168:,
4164:,
4136:,
4132:,
4128:,
3998:50
3996:.
3992:.
3953:45
3951:.
3947:.
3902:^
3832:.
3778:44
3776:.
3772:.
3753:.
3735:.
3720:^
3664:15
3662:.
3658:.
3646:^
3636:.
3618:.
3594:45
3592:.
3588:.
3570:^
3560:.
3465:40
3463:.
3459:.
3433:^
3391:.
3381:37
3379:.
3327:42
3325:.
3321:.
3246:.
3235:^
3225:.
3200:^
3183:^
3137:.
3133:.
3108:42
3106:.
3102:.
3085:89
3083:.
3079:.
3052:.
3048:.
3021:.
3017:.
2990:35
2988:.
2984:.
2957:.
2953:.
2941:^
2923:36
2921:.
2917:.
2853:^
2837:56
2835:.
2831:.
2817:^
2778:.
2767:^
2733:.
2709:.
2694:^
2627:^
2607:.
2595:.
2563:^
2531:^
2521:.
2506:^
2281:,
2168:.
2161:.
2134:.
1230:y
1227:x
701:,
237:,
196:.
98:HI
5095:e
5088:t
5081:v
5058:)
5001:)
4997:(
4823:)
4819:(
4238:F
4212:)
4194:N
4190:L
4186:K
4182:I
4178:H
4174:G
4170:D
4166:C
4140:)
4056:e
4049:t
4042:v
4004::
3977:.
3959::
3850:.
3836:.
3814:.
3788:.
3784::
3757:.
3739:.
3700:.
3670::
3640:.
3622:.
3600::
3471::
3444:.
3399:.
3387::
3364:.
3333::
3250:.
3229:.
3211:.
3194:.
3177:.
3151:.
3145::
3139:4
3114::
3060::
3054:8
3029::
3023:3
2996::
2965::
2959:4
2929::
2902:.
2843::
2811:.
2794:.
2737:.
2719:.
2603::
2525:.
2424:r
2420:b
2380:r
2376:b
2364:r
2360:b
2354:(
2106:b
2103:C
2083:Y
2063:r
2060:C
2032:r
2029:C
2009:b
2006:C
1983:Y
1945:C
1925:Y
1905:C
1885:Y
1861:C
1857:/
1853:Y
1833:C
1813:Y
1792:C
1770:Y
1748:(
1736:C
1722:(
1710:Y
1687:C
1683:/
1679:Y
1656:Y
1617:)
1614:Y
1611:E
1605:R
1602:E
1599:(
1592:=
1589:R
1586:P
1583:E
1556:Y
1553:E
1547:R
1544:E
1524:R
1521:P
1518:E
1491:)
1488:Y
1485:E
1479:B
1476:E
1473:(
1466:=
1463:B
1460:P
1457:E
1430:Y
1427:E
1421:B
1418:E
1398:B
1395:P
1392:E
1365:B
1362:E
1355:+
1352:G
1349:E
1342:+
1339:R
1336:E
1329:=
1326:Y
1323:E
1296:Y
1293:E
1181:]
1175:M
1172:Y
1166:R
1159:M
1156:Y
1150:B
1143:M
1140:Y
1134:[
1127:]
1121:1
1116:0
1111:1
1104:0
1099:4
1095:/
1091:5
1086:1
1079:2
1075:/
1071:1
1063:4
1059:/
1055:1
1047:1
1041:[
1033:=
1025:]
1019:M
1016:Y
1010:R
1003:M
1000:Y
994:B
987:M
984:Y
978:[
971:]
965:1
960:0
955:0
948:0
943:4
939:/
935:5
930:0
923:0
918:0
913:1
907:[
900:]
894:1
889:0
884:1
877:0
872:1
867:1
860:2
856:/
852:1
844:5
840:/
836:1
828:1
822:[
814:=
806:]
800:R
793:B
786:G
780:[
750:M
747:Y
741:R
719:M
716:Y
710:B
688:M
685:Y
664:M
661:Y
655:R
635:M
632:Y
626:B
606:C
576:B
569:+
566:G
559:+
556:R
549:=
546:M
543:Y
516:M
513:Y
493:Y
420:r
418:P
416:b
412:r
410:P
408:b
361:C
341:Y
318:C
314:/
310:Y
281:C
257:Y
88:(
76:)
70:(
65:)
61:(
47:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.