253:
177:'s electron beam returns to the top of the screen to begin scanning the next field. Only 1035-lines have picture information. Digital signals count only the lines (rows of pixels) of the picture makeup as there are no other scanning lines (though conversion to an analogue format will introduce them), so NTSC's 525-lines become 480i, and MUSE would be 1035i.
169:
In the typical setup, three picture elements on a line were actually derived from three separate scans. Stationary images were transmitted at full resolution. However, as MUSE lowers the horizontal and vertical resolution of material that varies greatly from frame to frame, moving images were blurred
165:
in the 1980s, employed filtering tricks to reduce the original source signal to decrease bandwidth utilization. MUSE was marketed as "Hi-Vision" by NHK. Japanese broadcast engineers rejected conventional vestigial sideband broadcasting to allow transmitting a HD signal on a tighter bandwidth. It was
89:
lawsuits and deployment issues given the tumultuous financial climate of the late 1920s and 1930s. Most patents were expiring by the end of World War II leaving no worldwide standard for television. The standards introduced in the early 1950s stayed for over half a century.
195:
coding, as JPEG offers Chroma sub-sampling. High quality HD television has a sampling structure approximating 4:2:1 (Luma : Chroma : Saturation) for reference images (I-Frames), though 4:0.75:0.65 is probably typical for multi-channel delivery.
104:
819-line was a monochrome TV system developed and used in France as television broadcast resumed after World War II. Transmissions started in 1949 and were active up to 1985, although limited to France, Belgium and
Luxembourg. It is associated with
170:
in a manner similar to using 16 mm movie film for HDTV projection. In fact, whole-camera pans would result in a loss of 50% of horizontal resolution. Shadows and multipath still plague this analog frequency modulated transmission mode.
70:
introduced in 1936 was described as "high definition"; however, this was in comparison with the early 30-line (largely) experimental system from the 1920s, and would not be considered high definition by modern standards.
264:, experimental HD-MAC broadcasting took place. 100 HD-MAC receivers (in that time, retroprojectors) in Europe were used to test the capabilities of the standard. This project was financed by the
17:
1846:
1998:
162:
480:
184:; the original MUSE-based BS Satellite channel 9 (NHK BS Hi-vision) ended transmitting on November 30, 2007, moving to BS-digital channel 103.
85:
had each developed competing TV systems, but resolution was not the issue that separated their substantially different technologies, it was
1634:
146:
Japan had the earliest working HDTV system, with design efforts going back to 1979. The country began broadcasting wideband analog
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decided early on that MUSE would be a satellite broadcast format as Japan economically supports satellite broadcasting.
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365:
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in north London. It therefore claims to be the birthplace of television broadcasting as we know it today. The UK's
62:
began transmitting the world's first public regular analog "high definition" television service from the
Victorian
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1329:
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2019:
1080:
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in Monaco were the last broadcasters to transmit 819-line television, closing down their transmitter in 1985.
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version of the 819-line system, France gradually abandoned the system in favor of the Europe-wide standard of
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MUSE's "1125-lines" are an analog measurement, which includes non-video "scan lines" during which a
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241:) multiplexed with digital sound. The video signal (1,250 (1,152 visible) lines/50 frames in
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signals in the late 1980s using an interlaced resolution of 1035 or 1080-lines active (
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268:(EU). The PAL-converted signal was used by mainstream broadcasters such as
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40:
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1967:
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347:, a video tape movie production technique based on the 819-line system.
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with the final 819-line transmissions taking place in Paris from the
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462:"Histoire de la télévision : une exception française ?"
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Restore operation on a French 1951 TV set (French language only)
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The HD-MAC standard was abandoned in 1993, and since then all
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Japan has since switched to a digital HDTV system based on
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The analog TV systems these systems were meant to replace
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1149:
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553:
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444:"New television standards: effect on British television"
387:"France had a national HD TV system as far back as 1949"
221:
in 1986 (MAC standard). It was an early attempt by the
256:
HD-MAC test pattern similar to the B-MAC test pattern
559:
136:
Multiple sub-nyquist sampling
Encoding system (MUSE)
163:NHK Science & Technology Research Laboratories
1999:List of digital television deployments by country
2011:
334:-like audio coding is used in the HD-MAC system.
1628:
589:
540:HDTV coverage of the Barcelona Olympic Games
603:
406:"The B.B.C. Television Standards Converter"
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245:aspect ratio) was encoded with a modified
428:on June 16, 2018 – via IEEE Xplore.
93:
1642:
1484:
1482:
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372:Teletronic – The Television History Site
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154:) and 1125-lines total supported by the
116:Despite some attempts to create a color
27:Analog video broadcast television system
18:Analog high-definition television system
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435:
14:
2012:
1476:Also used in China's DVB-S/S2 network.
550:The HDTV demonstrations at the Expo 92
441:
380:
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340:in TV indicated as 4:2:2, 4:1:1 etc...
142:Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding
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363:http://www.teletronic.co.uk/tvera.htm
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432:
299:), which allows both SDTV and HDTV.
375:
24:
1467:
552:by J.L. Tejerina and F. Visintin (
482:Communications Technology Handbook
161:The Japanese system, developed by
25:
2041:
527:
384:
37:Analog high-definition television
1666:Ultra-high-definition television
442:Birkinshaw, AUTHOR: Douglas C.
404:Worswick, T. (March 11, 1959).
187:Subsampling lives on in modern
616:
499:
472:
454:
397:
356:
53:
13:
1:
981:Field-sequential color system
542:by M. Romero and E. Gavilan (
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239:Multiplexed Analog Components
39:has referred to a variety of
1561:Reverse Standards Conversion
507:"MIC(Press Release-Telecom)"
291:efforts have focused on the
44:broadcast television systems
7:
565:COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 92/38/EEC
560:European Broadcasting Union
302:
10:
2046:
2025:High-definition television
1656:High-definition television
297:Digital Video Broadcasting
233:. It was a complex mix of
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605:Broadcast video formats
58:On 2 November 1936 the
1571:Television transmitter
257:
94:French 819-line system
2020:Television technology
1661:High-definition video
1556:MPEG transport stream
1383:MPEG-1 Audio Layer II
946:Mechanical television
854:Zweikanalton (A2/IGR)
479:Lewis, Geoff (1996).
255:
148:high-definition video
32:History of television
30:Further information:
1712:8640p (16K Ultra HD)
1643:High-definition (HD)
1591:Widescreen signaling
1566:Standards conversion
1551:Moving image formats
410:Journal of the SMPTE
391:www.redsharknews.com
262:1992 Summer Olympics
50:throughout history.
2030:Japanese inventions
1825:Filming and storage
1707:4320p (8K Ultra HD)
1702:2160p (4K Ultra HD)
1546:Display motion blur
466:La Revue des MĂ©dias
219:European Commission
215:television standard
158:line of equipment.
87:patent interference
79:Philo T. Farnsworth
48:display resolutions
1597:Analogue TV Topics
368:2011-08-13 at the
338:Chroma subsampling
327:Related standards
258:
191:systems based on
2007:
2006:
1753:Digital broadcast
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1388:MPEG Multichannel
994:
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128:on 19 July 1983.
83:Vladimir Zworykin
16:(Redirected from
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1932:Ultra HD Blu-ray
1744:MUSE (Hi-Vision)
1727:
1722:Analog broadcast
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1586:Video processing
1516:Technical issues
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737:(Color systems:
665:(Color systems:
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424:. Archived from
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130:Tele Monte Carlo
75:John Logie Baird
64:Alexandra Palace
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1734:819 line system
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1697:1440p (Quad HD)
1692:1080p (Full HD)
1687:1080i (Full HD)
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1581:Video on demand
1526:14:9 compromise
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1413:MPEG-H 3D Audio
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567:of 11 May 1992.
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68:405-line system
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107:CCIR System E
101:
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51:
49:
46:with various
45:
42:
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33:
19:
1937:Uncompressed
1847:HD media and
1137:MPEG-2 Video
675:Clear-Vision
570:
514:. Retrieved
510:
501:
481:
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465:
456:
447:
426:the original
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126:Eiffel Tower
115:
103:
73:
57:
41:analog video
36:
35:
1992:Deployments
1968:DisplayPort
1849:compression
1675:Resolutions
1595:Templates (
1312:MPEG-H HEVC
1051:Progressive
225:to provide
54:Before 1940
2014:Categories
1956:Connectors
1439:Captioning
1241:MPEG-4 AVC
1009:Interlaced
934:Historical
870:Captioning
829:BTSC (MTS)
804:1250 lines
788:1125 lines
617:Television
351:References
1963:Component
1882:DVD-Audio
1682:720p (HD)
1576:Test card
1249:ATSC A/72
1155:DVB 3D-TV
767:819 lines
695:625 lines
655:525 lines
637:405 lines
534:819lignes
249:encoder.
156:Sony HDVS
122:625-lines
1649:Concepts
1488:Defunct.
1454:Teletext
1320:ATSC 3.0
976:567-line
971:455-line
966:441-line
961:375-line
956:343-line
951:180-line
941:Pre-1940
895:Teletext
775:System E
703:System B
663:System M
645:System A
516:18 April
366:Archived
303:See also
295:system (
260:For the
100:819-line
1867:Blu-ray
1765:DMB-T/H
1335:ISDB-S3
1284:MobaHo!
1231:MobaHo!
1000:Digital
747:PALplus
217:by the
1912:MPEG-2
1907:HD VMD
1902:HD DVD
1739:HD MAC
1408:HE-AAC
1330:HD DMB
875:CGMS-A
811:HD-MAC
671:NTSC-J
628:Analog
489:
247:D2-MAC
231:Europe
211:HD-MAC
206:HD-MAC
200:HD-MAC
81:, and
1947:W-VHS
1897:H.266
1892:H.265
1887:H.264
1877:D-VHS
1789:Audio
1780:SBTVD
1350:Audio
1302:ABS-S
1274:SBTVD
1213:ABS-S
1172:ABS-S
1115:UHDTV
1108:1080p
1039:1080i
839:NICAM
821:Audio
751:SECAM
743:PAL-N
685:B-MAC
679:PAL-M
332:NICAM
312:SECAM
152:1035i
118:SECAM
1978:HDMI
1942:VC-1
1872:CBHD
1775:ISDB
1760:ATSC
1444:CPCM
1398:LPCM
1368:AC-4
1358:AC-3
1340:DTMB
1294:AVS2
1279:1seg
1264:DTMB
1254:CMMB
1208:DTMB
1200:AVS+
1190:CMMB
1167:DTMB
1162:ISDB
1145:ATSC
1103:720p
1098:HDTV
1091:576p
1086:480p
1081:EDTV
1074:288p
1069:240p
1064:1seg
1059:LDTV
1034:HDTV
1027:576i
1022:480i
1017:SDTV
986:OSKM
915:VITC
905:VEIL
834:EIAJ
795:MUSE
667:NTSC
518:2018
487:ISBN
317:NTSC
287:and
278:3Sat
276:and
243:16:9
227:HDTV
193:JPEG
189:MPEG
182:ISDB
109:and
1983:VGA
1973:DVI
1922:MVC
1862:AV1
1837:HDV
1832:DCI
1816:DTS
1811:DXD
1806:DSD
1770:DVB
1540:DCI
1449:EPG
1429:AFD
1403:AAC
1393:PCM
1378:DRA
1373:DTS
1362:5.1
1325:DVB
1269:DVB
1259:DMB
1182:AVS
1150:DVB
925:XDS
920:WSS
910:VIT
900:VBI
890:PDC
885:GCR
880:EPG
844:SAP
757:MAC
739:PAL
554:EBU
544:EBU
418:doi
322:PAL
293:DVB
289:EBU
270:SWR
229:in
223:EEC
175:CRT
60:BBC
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