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From the 1920s, the training of hewers was legally regulated as a result of union demands. Because, in the meantime, many skills required special knowledge, other tradesmen were gradually employed in mining and in the pits: initially metalworkers and, later, electricians. Following training and
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The hewer exam could be taken once the miner was 20 years old. Between his apprenticeship as a sorter boy and the exam, the trainee hewer thus had at least two years of practical experience. After passing the hewer's exam there was a "graduation" event
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An apprentice hewer was placed under a hewer and had to work under his direction. In the dressing area of the mine, old, former hewers were responsible for supervising the sorter boys. The hewer reported to the mine foreman or supervisor, the
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332:. This week's wages would not even buy a pound of butter at that time. Until the beginning of the 1950s, they worked 5½ days a week comprising 50 hours. Today, the hewer works 7 hours a day without coming to the surface.
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The working hours of the hewers varied from region to region and ranged between 10–12 hours, but the time taking entering and leaving the mine was not counted. For one week of hired work in 1617 a hewer was paid just 18
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Hewers with many years of experience, the ability to lead men and who had sufficient mining and technical skills, could be promoted to the rank of supervisor (
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passing exams, the craftsman had to gain practical experience in order to sit for his hewer examination. This comprised a theoretical and a practical element.
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305:). In order to achieve this he had to be deemed professionally suitable. His professional suitability was assessed on a so-called leading hewer's course (
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A particularly experienced hewer who had worked for over 10 years and was at least 35 years old, could, if suitable, be appointed as a "leading hewer" (
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literally "truck pusher"), transporting material around the mine in wagons. Only afterwards could he learn the skills, as an apprentice hewer (
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The hewer was held in particular esteem, by the other miners in the pit, even though he actually had no authority over them. The
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In Europe in former times, before he could become a hewer, the miner had to learn to be a "sorter boy" (
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If a hewer proved to be particularly expert, he would be appointed as a "master hewer" (
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Brockhaus' Kleines
Konversations-Lexikon, 5th edition, Vol. 1. Leipzig, 1911., p. 186
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This article is about digging in a mine. For converting logs to timbers, see
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Walter
Bischoff, Heinz Bramann, Westfälische Berggewerkschaftskasse Bochum:
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Depending on diligence, skill and suitability, a hewer could be promoted to
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Dieter
Schulze-Elvert: Meine Lossprechungsfeier im Duisburger Stadttheater
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Seminarprotokoll: Das schwarze und das gelbe Gold. p. Harries, J. Mooser
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who loosens rock and minerals in a mine. In medieval mining in Europe a
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could no longer be carried out simply through on the job training.
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treatment of loose rock and ore, Mansfeld copper slate mine, 1952
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was the name given to a miner who had passed his test (
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Horizontal drilling in the
Mansfeld copper slate mine
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Coal extraction in a steeply lying seam, Ruhr, 1961
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560:Berufsbild Hauer in der Aus- und Vorrichtung
433:7th ed., Verlag GlĂĽckauf GmbH, Essen, 1988,
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266:), to the council of aldermen or jurats (
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
262:. Even an appointment as shift foreman (
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235:in some mines, or in smaller pits, the
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565:Beispiel Berufsbild Hauer (Gewinnung)
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