17:
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Following a seventh-century defeat by the Arabs in the east and the
Germanic and Slavic powers in the west, the Byzantine Empire found itself gutted of much of its territory and needed to re-establish its military excellence. "Recent research has suggested that the empire first survived, and later
228:. Hero of Alexandria's manuscripts suggest that the dioptra could be used as a level and for measuring elevations, distances, and angles. Hero of Byzantium spoke about its use in siege warfare, showing that it could estimate distances and the required sizes of siege engines.
129:, but in place of the static, two-dimensional diagrams of that work, the Byzantine author used a three-dimensional perspective and scaled human figures to clarify the passages. As
224:, he drew on an earlier manual by Hero of Alexandria—specifically on the Alexandrian's knowledge of applied geometry and use of the surveying instrument called the
79:
expanded, by retaining and adapting military theories and practices from late antiquity." Hero's treatises were part of this process of recovery and adaptation.
104:). Perhaps the name "Hero" came to be applied to him because of his use of Hero of Alexandria's work, which like his own deals principally with technology.
220:
comes from the Greek word γεωδαισία (from γή, "earth", and δαΐζω, "divide"), literally meaning "division of the earth". When Hero of
Byzantium wrote his
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There is no mention of the author's name in the treatises, and the numerous
Byzantine references throughout the work indicate that the author cannot be
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424:
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133:
had not yet become a factor in siegecraft, the machines themselves tend to be those useful for advancing a force up to
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434:
273:. Dumbarton Oaks Studies XXXVI. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection. pp.
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241:. Dumbarton Oaks Studies XXXVI. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection.
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to illustrate its points. The manuscript consists of 58 folios and 38 colored illustrations.
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151:—mobile sheds used to protect troops from attack while approaching fortifications); a new
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138:
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55:, composed in the mid-10th century and found in an 11th-century manuscript in the
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Nuevos
Elementos de Ingeniería Romana: III Congreso de las Obras Públicas Romanas
56:
318:
198:
189:. In addition to the work of Apollodorus, the author also draws on the work of
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36:
418:
182:
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16:
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Siegecraft: Two Tenth-Century
Instructional Manuals by "Heron of Byzantium"
239:
Siegecraft: Two Tenth-Century
Instructional Manuals by "Heron of Byzantium"
300:
Siegecraft: Two Tenth-Century
Instructional Manuals by 'Heron of Byzantium
63:, an illustrated manual of siegecraft; the second is a work in practical
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130:
170:
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357:. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press. pp. 124–125.
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351:"Byzantine Siege Warfare in Theory and Practice"
169:), created from interwoven branches and vines;
141:them once situated. Hero includes tortoises (
353:. In Corfis, Ivy A.; Wolfe, Michael (eds.).
107:
181:; nets; towers; bridges; and tools such as
47:author of two treatises, commonly known as
43:) is a name used to refer to the anonymous
20:An Italian copy of one of Hero's diagrams.
59:(Vaticanus graecus 1605). The first is a
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15:
417:
348:
297:
71:, which makes use of locations around
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298:Holmes, Catherine (2001). "Review of
13:
14:
446:
267:Sullivan, Dennis F., ed. (2000).
237:Sullivan, Dennis F., ed. (2000).
118:was an adaptation of an earlier (
430:Medieval Greek military writers
425:10th-century Byzantine writers
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380:
371:
342:
333:
291:
260:
1:
355:The Medieval City Under Siege
155:style of tortoise called the
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387:Gallo, Issac Moreno (2006).
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7:
204:
10:
451:
319:10.1177/096834450100800407
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377:Sullivan (2000), pp. 1–2.
116:Parangelmata Poliorcetica
109:Parangelmata Poliorcetica
49:Parangelmata Poliorcetica
40:
125:) poliorcetic manual of
349:McGeer, Dennis (1995).
127:Apollodorus of Damascus
82:
408:Sullivan (2000), p. 1.
339:Sullivan (2000), p. 2.
21:
19:
191:Athenaeus Mechanicus
435:Unidentified people
195:Philo of Byzantium
89:Hero of Alexandria
29:Heron of Byzantium
22:
364:978-0-85115-561-6
284:978-0-88402-270-1
25:Hero of Byzantium
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33:Hero the Younger
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307:War in History
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135:fortifications
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123: 100 AD
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61:poliorketikon
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419:Categories
313:(4): 479.
69:ballistics
389:"Dioptra"
327:162851289
171:palisades
131:artillery
45:Byzantine
222:Geodesia
212:Geodesia
206:Geodesia
65:geometry
53:Geodesia
254:Sources
232:Edition
226:dioptra
217:geodesy
179:ladders
148:χηλῶναι
96:
361:
325:
281:
275:1, 3–4
245:
197:, and
183:augers
153:Slavic
139:mining
392:(PDF)
323:S2CID
302:'
199:Biton
187:bores
166:λαῖσα
161:Greek
157:laisa
143:Greek
37:Greek
359:ISBN
279:ISBN
243:ISBN
185:and
175:rams
137:and
114:The
83:Name
67:and
51:and
41:Ἥρων
27:(or
315:doi
305:".
214:or
35:) (
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159:(
91:(
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