502:
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baptized, to emigrate to Brazil, though the only evidence found linking Speier and Pius XII at this time was, in her correspondence, his congratulatory telegram on her conversion. Throughout 1939 and 1940, Nobile was in the United States and Speier remained in Rome until the summer of 1940, when she took a retreat to
Chianciano. After 1940, correspondence between the two was sparse as they feared censors and writing had become increasingly impractical.
285:'s methodology, she used scientific analysis to show that art reflected the historical development of culture and government. Curtius was so impressed with her work, that he stated: "If it were possible, I would give her the best mark for this excellent performance, but it is reserved for those of the male nature". She was the only woman to achieve a doctorate under Curtius. After graduating she began working as an assistant to Bernhard Schweitzer in
420:
on 16 October 1943 in which more than 1,000 Jews were deported to
Auschwitz and all save 16 were killed. During this part of the war, the Museum was closed, until the end of September 1944, and many artworks from war-torn areas were shipped to the Vatican for storage. When it reopened, she continued
395:
immediately renewing her employment. Although she was intensely occupied with her work at the
Vatican, she often considered emigrating to the United States, where her mother and sister lived, or to Brazil. During this early period of his papacy, Pius XII granted 3,000 visas to Jews, if they had been
452:
Speier was solely responsible for the collection of antiquities in the
Vatican Museums, from 1961, and all of the photo-archives before 1966 were under her direction. With her appointment, a tradition was established of including one member from Germany in the central administration. She retired as
366:
collection to Pope Pius XI. Speier was assigned to organize the collection. Of particular importance, she established two halls with 17 original Greek sculptures from the collection and worked on the Roman refurbishment of the Greek vase collection and the
Antiquarium. During the mid-1930s, Speier
31:
724:
Führer durch die öffentlichen
Sammlungen klassischer Altertümer in Rom/ 2, Die städtischen Sammlungen - Kapitolinische Museen und Museo Barracco, die staatlichen Sammlungen - Ara pacis, Galleria Borghese, Galleria Spada, Museo Pigorini, Antiquarien auf Forum und
357:
The first task was to divide the 20,000 photographic negatives into three separate collections named
Classical Archaeology, Medieval and Modern Times, and Ethnographic Missions. Then she and her colleagues, archaeologist Filippo Magi and the art historian
344:
and the taboo of employing women. The timing of her hiring coincided with the first administration of the Museum's collections by a scientist. Prior to
Nogaras, the collections were jointly managed by Guido Galli, who was a sculptor and the painter
308:
Curtius was at that time the
Director of the Institute and was still in the process of constructing the photographic archive. Speier was entrusted with organizing the photographic archive ("Fotothek"), with her assistant
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887:
399:
Nobile returned to Rome in May 1942 and her family severed communication with Speier after learning of her
Catholic baptism, effectively ending her reasons for emigration. During the German occupation of Rome 1943/1944
317:. Her work, which systematically ordered the photos, has earned her the distinction as the first archaeological photo-archivist and earned her wide professional recognition at the time from other libraries. When
429:. On further examination, it was established from its weathering that it was in fact the second horse of Athena's chariot on the western gable, where the dispute between Athena and Poseidon over the land of
421:
with her work creating a detailed monuments inventory of the Vatican holdings, which resulted in several important finds. In 1946, in an antiquities storage facility, she found a horse head sculpted by
469:), which had not been updated in half a century. She expanded the guide's coverage, classifying the works into various groupings. She brought in several young experts to assist her, in particular
759:
Führer durch die öffentlichen Sammlungen klassischer Altertümer in Rom/ 4, Die staatlichen Sammlungen : Museo Ostiense in Ostia Antica, Museo der Villa Hadriana in Tivoli; Villa Albani
441:(The Sculptures of the Vatican Museums) in 1956 about the find of the Parthenon horse's head, and earlier in 1950 had published a distinguished report concerning the excavations of
742:
Führer durch die öffentlichen Sammlungen klassischer Altertümer in Rom/ 3, Die staatlichen Sammlungen : Museo Nazionale Romano (Thermenmuseum), Museo Nazionale di Villa Giulia
513:
in a comfortable apartment with a roof terrace which had been put at her disposal by her lifelong patron Erich Boehringer. She held a cultural salon there, inviting guests such as
946:
1388:
The Vatican collection the Papacy and art ; [Ausstellung] Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York vom 26.2.1983 - 12.6.1983 ; [Bestand] Vatikan, Rom
359:
322:
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spent considerable time in Germany traveling annually to visit her family. In 1937, her letters to her lover, Italian General, airship pioneer and Arctic explorer
265:
Speier graduated with a doctorate in archaeology and a double minor in ancient history and classical philology in 1925 under Curtius with a dissertation titled
914:
Ich würde ihr das beste Prädikat geben, wenn nicht dieses ausgezeichneten Leistungen, die eben doch nur männlichen Naturen gelingen, vorbehalten bleiben müßte"
572:. She had been unable to do so as Jews were excluded from the publication. Finally in 1955 she exhibited the piece from her private collection and published
181:. She was a pioneering contributor to the collections of archaeological photographs and is often credited as being the first archaeological photo-archivist.
310:
210:
362:, began to classify the images, and deal with the constant flow of incoming new photographs. In 1935, the Marchese Benedetto Guglielmo donated a private
470:
241:
was appointed to the university, he became her most important teacher and patron, helping her to focus on archaeology. Besides Curtius, teachers such as
486:
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405:
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457:. As a result of her immense knowledge of ancient monuments, from the mid-1950s until the early 1970s Speier was entrusted by the
329:, Bartolomeo Nogara. She left the DAI in 1934, joined the staff at the Vatican and beccame one of the first women employed by the
1501:
209:. In Giessen, she also attended a teachers' training course and was introduced to classical archaeology at the college run by
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1459:
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1333:
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took place in Rome in May 1938, but Speier was not back in Rome until July. Then in September, she was in the Tuscan town of
325:, and precipitously she was offered the chance to build a photographic archive at the Vatican by the Director-General of the
707:
Führer durch die öffentlichen Sammlungen klassischer Altertümer in Rom/ 1, Die päpstlichen Sammlungen im Vatikan und Lateran
1526:
639:
Vermächtnis der antiken Kunst: Gastvorträge zur Jahrhundertfeier der Archäologischen Sammlungen der Universität Heidelberg
1541:
1417:
1396:
766:
542:
189:
Hermine Speier was born on 28 May 1898, in Frankfurt am Main into a wealthy Jewish family. She attended Frankfurt's
1182:
538:
458:
290:
337:
signed her contract, though initially it was for no fixed term and at a daily rate, as both a statement against
1047:
127:
Gerhart Rodenwaldt, Eberhard Gothein, Friedrich Gundolf, Karl Jaspers, Hermann Oncken, Hans Driesch, Karl Hampe
1367:
Ausgräberinnen, Forscherinnen, Pionierinnen: Ausgewählte Porträts früher Archäologinnen im Kontext ihrer Zeit
437:
statues that decorated the exterior of the Sala Rotonda when it was built in the 18th century. She published
622:
Sonderdruck aus Vermaechtnis der Antiken Kunst. Fragment eines Pferdekopfes aus dem Westgiebel des Parthenon
201:, studying history, German literature and philosophy. In the summer semester of 1919 she transferred to the
637:
Speier, Hermine (1950). "Die neuen Ausgrabungen unter der Peterskirche in Rom". In Herbig, Reinhard (ed.).
576:(Fragment of a Roman Tarentum clay relief in private property). Her gravestone also bears the inscription
198:
880:
417:
282:
550:
1449:
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947:"Hermine Speier, eine jüdische Archäologin, die als erste Frau für einen Papst im Vatikan arbeitete"
1511:
242:
206:
530:
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391:. Pope Pius XI died on 10 February 1939 and Speier converted to Catholicism later that year with
1475:
Orte der Zuflucht und personeller Netzwerke: Der Campo Santo Teutonico und der Vatikan 1933-1955
526:
246:
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173:. One of the few female archaeologists of her time, she was the first female employee of the
170:
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1325:
Arctic Scientist, Gulag Survivor: The Biography of Mikhail Mikhailovich Ermolaev, 1905-1991
1159:
1015:. USC Libraries Special Collections, Los Angeles, California: Online Archive of California
8:
522:
449:(Legacy of Ancient Art) entitled "Die neuen Ausgrabungen unter der Peterskirche in Rom".
254:
213:. In Heidelberg she changed her major to archaeology. She studied under teachers such as
1082:
509:
Speier was never married despite several betrothals. She lived near the Vatican on the
321:
came to power, he removed all Jews from civil service positions with the passage of the
197:
after attending a private school. In the winter semester of 1918/19 she enrolled at the
1314:
The Tomb of Saint Peter: A Representative and Annotated Bibliography of the Excavations
278:
1478:
1455:
1434:
1413:
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The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York (1982). Schultz, Ellen; Horbar, Amy (eds.).
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642:
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218:
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until 1928, when Curtius recruited her to help with the photographic archive at the
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Speier, H (1949). "Die Vatikanische Necropole unter den "Groten" des Petersdomes".
434:
388:
214:
1346:
Hitler, Mussolini and the Vatican: Pope Pius XI and the Speech That was Never Made
1206:
1204:
1323:
1291:
462:
409:
346:
326:
314:
294:
174:
1201:
761:. Wolfgang Helbig Guides (in German). Vol. 4. Tübingen, Germany: Wasmuth.
744:. Wolfgang Helbig Guides (in German). Vol. 3. Tübingen, Germany: Wasmuth.
727:. Wolfgang Helbig Guides (in German). Vol. 2. Tübingen, Germany: Wasmuth.
709:. Wolfgang Helbig Guides (in German). Vol. 1. Tübingen, Germany: Wasmuth.
534:
368:
274:
238:
226:
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Beiträge zur Geschichte des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts 1929 bis 1979
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401:
392:
190:
697:
629:
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286:
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Commanders Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
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Speier, H (1952). "Memoria Sancti Petri, die Auffindung des Petrusgrabes".
363:
341:
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222:
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clay relief which she had wanted to publish about as early as 1937 in the
560:, Switzerland, and was buried in the Campo Santo Teutonico, the Vatican's
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archivist and director in 1967, being succeeded by Francesco Roncalli and
987:
490:
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234:
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Führer durch die öffentlichen Sammlungen klassischer Altertümer in Rom
805:
510:
465:'s guide to the public collections of classical antiquities in Rome (
426:
384:
372:
194:
1322:
Ermolaev, Alekseĭ Mikhaĭlovich; Dibner, Vitaliĭ Davydovich (2009).
903:
Note: document is not a pdf and must be opened with Microsoft Word.
592:
Zweifiguren-Gruppen im fünften und vierten Jahrhundert vor Christus
557:
416:, under the nunnery. Hiding in the catacombs saved Speier from the
330:
269:. The work was published seven years later in Rome under the title
178:
166:
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Fragment eines tarentinischen Tonreliefs in römischem Privatbesitz
574:
Fragment eines tarentinischen Tonreliefs in römischem Privatbesitz
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565:
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30:
833:"Breaking Ground: Women in Old World Archaeology-Hermine Speier"
1006:
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318:
313:. The initial collection was based on a gift of photographs by
104:
1083:"'Monsignora': Hermine Speier: Eine deutsche Jüdin im Vatikan"
433:
is depicted. Speier also discovered the two so-called ancient
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and one of the first professional women to be employed by the
1112:
376:
1317:. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill Archive. GGKEY:EHF48W247B5.
1154:
1152:
1135:"Honoring History: Jewish Woman Built Vatican Photo Archive"
1100:
999:
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for an extended period, and then in 1938, she spent time in
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before returning to Frankfurt. Hitler's first meeting with
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Monsignorina. Die deutsche Jüdin Hermine Speier im Vatikan
1027:
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493:. She also translated the guide from Italian into German.
1290:
Bittel, Kurt; Deutsches Archäologisches Institut (1979).
1149:
886:(in German). Providence, Rhode Island: Brown University.
323:
Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service
267:
Die Gruppen angelehnter Figuren im V. und IV. Jahrhundert
110:
Die Gruppen angelehnter Figuren im V. und IV. Jahrhundert
1471:"Hermine Speier (1898-1989)-eine Archäologin in Vatikan"
940:
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949:(in German). Katholisches Magazin für Kirche und Kultur
847:
811:
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793:
594:(in German). Rome: Deutsches Archäologisches Institut.
408:, nephew of the former Pontifical Master of Ceremonies
273:. The work contrasts differences in images between the
1364:
Fries, Jana Esther; Gutsmiedl-Schümann, Doris (2013).
945:
Apostolico, Palazzo; Nardi, Giuseppe (19 April 2011).
826:
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which was originally from one of the pediments of the
205:, and in the winter semester 1919/20 continued at the
1244:
1039:
929:
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Die Iliupersisschale aus der Werkstatt des Euphronios
975:. Irondale, Alabama: Eternal Word Television Network
924:
Bittel & Deutsches Archäologisches Institut 1979
790:
271:
Two figure groups in the fifth and fourth century BC
817:
505:Grave of Hermine Speier in the Collegio Teutonico.
281:periods of Greek art. Working in the tradition of
1493:
1328:. Calgary, Canada: University of Calgary Press.
1013:"Finding aid for the Hermine Speier papers 6078"
692:(in German). Stuttgart, Germany: W. Kohlhammer.
624:(in German). Heidelberg, Germany: Kerle Verlag.
944:
257:gave her a broad-based knowledge of antiquity.
1427:Rozett, Dr Robert; Spector, Dr Shmuel (2013).
1321:
1118:
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529:and Oriol Schädel, head of the Library of the
461:with the publication of the fourth edition of
1426:
1211:Metropolitan Museum of Art & Schultz 1982
1174:
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1473:. In Heid, Stefan; Matheus, Michael (eds.).
1162:. London, England: Independent Catholic News
835:. Providence, Rhode Island: Brown University
193:, passing her matriculation examination in
1223:
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29:
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641:(in German). Heidelberg, Germany: Kerle.
533:, among others of the German and Italian
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439:Die Skulpturen des Vaticanischen Museums
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1232:(in Italian). Milan, Italy: Av Venire
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973:"In 1934 the Pope Hired a German Jew"
893:from the original on 12 December 2015
537:. Speier was an active member of the
1477:. Freiburg, Germany: Verlag Herder.
1370:. Münster, Germany: Waxmann Verlag.
1230:"Speier, la prima ebrea in Vaticano"
1160:"Pope Pius XI's Jewish archeologist"
970:
352:
1391:. New York City, New York: Abrams.
1275:Fries & Gutsmiedl-Schümann 2013
1137:. Rome, Italy: Zenit. 20 April 2011
994:Fries & Gutsmiedl-Schümann 2013
961:
812:Fries & Gutsmiedl-Schümann 2013
13:
1433:. London and New York: Routledge.
1412:. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill.
570:Festschrift Corolla Ludwig Curtius
556:Speier died on 12 January 1989 in
517:, who dedicated a poem to Speier;
299:Deutsches Archäologisches Institut
14:
1553:
1454:. Münster, Germany: Aschendorff.
671:(in German). Stuttgart, Germany:
583:
543:Pontifical Academy of Archaeology
521:, a noted archaeology professor;
1010:
496:
1537:20th-century German translators
1283:
1228:Freschi, Marino (4 July 2015).
1081:Dechert, Antje (28 June 2015).
1074:
1046:Eisner, Peter (15 April 2013).
564:. Her grave bears a piece of a
545:. In 1973, she was awarded the
539:German Archaeological Institute
459:German Archaeological Institute
291:German Archaeological Institute
260:
1409:The Pediments of the Parthenon
1349:. Cambridge, England: Polity.
1183:"Echoes From the Roman Ghetto"
1181:Laskin, David (12 July 2013).
908:
662:(1). Vienna, Austria: 262–272.
615:(2). Vienna, Austria: 481–489.
16:German classical archaeologist
1:
1502:Archaeologists from Frankfurt
1430:Encyclopedia of the Holocaust
1311:De Marco, Angelus A. (1964).
1048:"Pope Pius XI's Last Crusade"
784:
447:Vermächtnis der Antiken Kunst
1507:Photographers from Frankfurt
971:Vian, Paolo (29 June 2011).
881:"Hermine Speier (1898-1989)"
371:, indicated that she was in
184:
7:
1527:German women archaeologists
10:
1558:
1119:Ermolaev & Dibner 2009
418:Raid of the Ghetto of Rome
414:Catacombs of St. Priscilla
283:Johann Joachim Winckelmann
1542:20th-century German women
1189:. New York City, New York
1107:Rozett & Spector 2013
551:Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice
547:Cross of Merit of Germany
360:Deoclecio Redig de Campos
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1343:Fattorini, Emma (2011).
757:Speier, Hermine (1972).
740:Speier, Hermine (1969).
722:Speier, Hermine (1966).
705:Speier, Hermine (1963).
688:Speier, Hermine (1955).
667:Speier, Hermine (1954).
620:Speier, Hermine (1950).
590:Speier, Hermine (1932).
553:medal from the Vatican.
412:, to hide Speier in the
207:University of Heidelberg
159:Hermine "Erminia" Speier
99:University of Heidelberg
95:University of Frankfurt,
1448:Sailer, Gudrun (2015).
879:Daltrop, Georg (2004).
831:Daltrop, Georg (2004).
531:Piazza di Monte Citorio
519:de:Engelbert Kirschbaum
199:University of Frankfurt
1406:Palagia, Olga (1998).
1088:(in German). BR Bayern
506:
404:made arrangements for
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247:Alfred von Domaszewski
97:University of Giessen,
1469:Zanker, Paul (2014).
515:Marie Luise Kaschnitz
504:
203:University of Giessen
165:– 12 January 1989 in
443:St. Peter's Basilica
996:, pp. 154–156.
549:. She received the
523:Paul Augustin Mayer
255:Bernhard Schweitzer
237:. After 1920, when
85:Academic background
1187:The New York Times
507:
311:Adolf Greifenhagen
211:Gerhart Rodenwaldt
1484:978-3-451-80140-2
1461:978-3-402-13079-7
1440:978-1-135-96950-9
1377:978-3-8309-7872-5
1356:978-0-7456-4488-2
1335:978-1-55238-256-1
1303:978-3-8053-0396-5
1050:. Huffington Post
1036:, pp. 10–11.
656:Wort und Wahrheit
609:Wort und Wahrheit
562:Teutonic Cemetery
471:Helga von Heintze
353:Vatican archivist
235:Karl Ludwig Hampe
219:Friedrich Gundolf
163:Frankfurt am Main
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51:Frankfurt am Main
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483:Hans von Steuben
406:Giulio Belvederi
389:Chianciano Terme
215:Eberhard Gothein
161:(28 May 1898 in
116:Doctoral advisor
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347:Biagio Biagetti
327:Vatican Museums
315:Walther Amelung
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253:and especially
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175:Vatican Museums
169:) was a German
140:Vatican Museums
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1296:. von Zabern.
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1034:Fattorini 2011
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814:, p. 151.
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802:, p. 123.
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584:Selected works
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535:intelligentsia
498:
495:
475:Klaus Parlasca
369:Umberto Nobile
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262:
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239:Ludwig Curtius
227:Hermann Oncken
191:Viktoriaschule
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145:Main interests
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658:(in German).
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1284:Bibliography
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1251:Palagia 1998
1246:
1234:. Retrieved
1191:. Retrieved
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1139:. Retrieved
1114:
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1090:. Retrieved
1076:
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1041:
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1017:. Retrieved
989:
977:. Retrieved
951:. Retrieved
926:, p. 4.
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837:. Retrieved
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445:in Herbig's
438:
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364:Etruscan art
356:
342:antisemitism
335:Pope Pius XI
307:
270:
266:
264:
261:Early career
251:Karl Meister
231:Hans Driesch
223:Karl Jaspers
188:
158:
157:
137:Institutions
109:
62:(1989-01-12)
1522:1989 deaths
1517:1898 births
1236:13 December
1193:13 December
1166:13 December
1141:13 December
1092:13 December
1054:13 December
1019:13 December
1011:Kemp, Zoe.
979:12 December
953:12 December
897:12 December
839:12 December
800:Zanker 2014
525:, a German
491:Paul Zanker
479:Erika Simon
301:) (DAI) in
279:Hellenistic
148:archaeology
73:Nationality
48:28 May 1898
1496:Categories
785:References
287:Königsberg
243:Franz Boll
124:Influences
91:Alma mater
44:1898-05-28
777:310505696
750:310505679
733:310505668
715:310505646
681:878483537
647:260101773
511:Janiculum
427:Parthenon
385:Mussolini
373:Frankfurt
195:Wiesbaden
185:Biography
888:Archived
698:43656407
630:80398457
600:45101115
566:Tarentum
558:Montreux
541:and the
527:Cardinal
331:Holy See
167:Montreux
67:Montreux
725:Palatin
423:Phidias
275:Archaic
179:Vatican
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431:Attica
381:Geneva
319:Hitler
295:German
105:Thesis
76:German
1086:(PDF)
891:(PDF)
884:(PDF)
435:Aurai
377:Basel
1479:ISBN
1456:ISBN
1435:ISBN
1414:ISBN
1393:ISBN
1372:ISBN
1351:ISBN
1330:ISBN
1298:ISBN
1238:2015
1195:2015
1168:2015
1143:2015
1094:2015
1056:2015
1021:2015
981:2015
955:2015
899:2015
841:2015
773:OCLC
763:ISBN
746:OCLC
729:OCLC
711:OCLC
694:OCLC
677:OCLC
643:OCLC
626:OCLC
596:OCLC
489:and
379:and
339:Nazi
303:Rome
277:and
233:and
57:Died
38:Born
1498::
1218:^
1203:^
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293:(
46:)
42:(
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