Herman Melville - Knowledge

1587:, then a customs official who admired Melville's writing but never spoke to him.) During these years, Melville suffered from nervous exhaustion, physical pain, and frustration, and would sometimes, in the words of Robertson-Lorant, behave like the "tyrannical captains he had portrayed in his novels", perhaps even beating his wife Lizzie when he came home after drinking. In 1867 Malcolm, the Melvilles' older son, died in his bedroom at home at the age of 18 from a self-inflicted gun shot, perhaps intentional, perhaps accidental. In May 1867, Lizzie's brother Sam, who shared his family's fear for Melville's sanity, tried to arrange for her to leave Melville. Lizzie was to visit her family in Boston and assert to a court that her husband was insane. But Lizzie, whether to avoid the social shame divorce carried at the time or because she still loved her husband, refused to go along with the plan. 446: 1872:, Melville's writing gives Berthoff the impression of becoming less exploratory and less provocative in his choices of words and phrases. Instead of providing a lead "into possible meanings and openings-out of the material in hand," the vocabulary now served "to crystallize governing impressions," the diction no longer attracted attention to itself, except as an effort at exact definition. The language, Berthoff continues, reflects a "controlling intelligence, of right judgment and completed understanding". The sense of free inquiry and exploration that infused his earlier writing and accounted for its "rare force and expansiveness," tended to give way to "static enumeration". By comparison to the verbal music and kinetic energy of 1848:, three characteristic uses of language can be recognized. First, the exaggerated repetition of words, as in the series "pitiable", "pity", "pitied", and "piteous" (Ch. 81, "The Pequod Meets the Virgin"). A second typical device is the use of unusual adjective-noun combinations, as in "concentrating brow" and "immaculate manliness" (Ch. 26, "Knights and Squires"). A third characteristic is the presence of a participial modifier to emphasize and to reinforce the already established expectations of the reader, as the words "preluding" and "foreshadowing" ("so still and subdued and yet somehow preluding was all the scene ..." "In this foreshadowing interval ..."). 1252: 1929:

injunctions to be 'as wise as serpents and as harmless as doves,' 'death on a pale horse,' 'the man of sorrows', the 'many mansions of heaven;' proverbs 'as the hairs on our heads are numbered,' 'pride goes before a fall,' 'the wages of sin is death;' adverbs and pronouns as 'verily, whoso, forasmuch as; phrases as come to pass, children's children, the fat of the land, vanity of vanities, outer darkness, the apple of his eye, Ancient of Days, the rose of Sharon.' Second, there are paraphrases of individual and combined verses. Redburn's "Thou shalt not lay stripes upon these Roman citizens" makes use of language of the Ten Commandments in

1596:(1876), an 18,000-line epic poem inspired by his 1856 trip to the Holy Land. It is among the longest single poems in American literature. The title character is a young American student of divinity who travels to Jerusalem to renew his faith. One of the central characters, Rolfe, is similar to Melville in his younger days, a seeker and adventurer, while the reclusive Vine is loosely based on Hawthorne, who had died twelve years before. Publication of 350 copies was funded with a bequest from his uncle in 1876, but sales failed miserably and the unsold copies were burned when Melville was unable to buy them at cost. Critic 640:

seven months later. Melville did his job well at the bank; although he was only 14 in 1834, the bank considered him competent enough to be sent to Schenectady, New York, on an errand. Not much else is known from this period except that he was very fond of drawing. The visual arts became a lifelong interest. Around May 1834, the Melvilles moved to another house in Albany, a three-story brick house. That same month a fire destroyed Gansevoort's skin-preparing factory, which left him with personnel he could neither employ nor afford. Instead he pulled Melville out of the bank to man the cap and fur store.

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description of Ahab, Matthiessen continues, which ends in language that seems Shakespearean yet is no imitation: 'Oh, Ahab! what shall be grand in thee, it must needs be plucked from the skies and dived for in the deep, and featured in the unbodied air!' The imaginative richness of the final phrase seems particularly Shakespearean, "but its two key words appear only once each in the plays...and to neither of these usages is Melville indebted for his fresh combination". Melville's diction depended upon no source, and his prose is not based on anybody else's verse but on an awareness of "speech rhythm".

33: 2240:, and Mumford favored Freudian interpretations that read Melville's fiction as autobiography; exaggerated his suffering in the family; and inferred a homosexual attachment to Hawthorne. They saw a different arc to Melville's writing career. The first biographers saw a tragic withdrawal after the cold critical reception for his prose works and largely dismissed his poetry. A new view emerged of Melville's turn to poetry as a conscious choice that placed him among the most important American poets. Other post-war studies, however, continued the broad imaginative and interpretive style; 797: 2045:

launchest navies of full-freighted worlds" and "there's that in here that still remains indifferent" in "The Candles" (Ch. 119) makes the last clause lead to a "compulsion to strike the breast," which suggests "how thoroughly the drama has come to inhere in the words;" Second, Melville took advantage of the Shakespearean energy of verbal compounds, as in "full-freighted". Third, Melville employed the device of making one part of speech act as another, for example, 'earthquake' as an adjective, or turning an adjective into a noun, as in "placeless".

822:(1849) draws on his experiences in this journey; at least two of the nine guide-books listed in chapter 30 of the book had been part of Allan Melvill's library. He arrived back in New York October 1, 1839 and resumed teaching, now at Greenbush, New York, but left after one term because he had not been paid. In the summer of 1840 he and his friend James Murdock Fly went to Galena, Illinois, to see if his Uncle Thomas could help them find work. Unsuccessful, he and his friend returned home in autumn, likely by way of St. Louis and up the Ohio River. 1376:. Melville invited them to visit Arrowhead soon, hoping to " the Universe with a bottle of brandy & cigars" with Hawthorne, but Hawthorne would not stop working on his new book for more than one day and they did not come. After a second visit from Melville, Hawthorne surprised him by arriving at Arrowhead with his daughter Una. According to Robertson-Lorant, "The handsome Hawthorne made quite an impression on the Melville women, especially Augusta, who was a great fan of his books". They spent the day mostly "smoking and talking metaphysics". 1083: 2439:

represent the delicate and shifting relationship between its truth and its illusion". It is not clear, however, what the moral and metaphysical implications of this quest are, because Melville did not distinguish between these two aspects. Throughout his life Melville struggled with and gave shape to the same set of epistemological doubts and the metaphysical issues these doubts engendered. An obsession for the limits of knowledge led to the question of God's existence and nature, the indifference of the universe, and the problem of evil.

1180:, to him. Lizzie was raised by her grandmother and an Irish nurse. Arvin suggests that Melville's interest in Lizzie may have been stimulated by "his need of Judge Shaw's paternal presence". They were married on August 4, 1847. Lizzie described their marriage as "very unexpected, and scarcely thought of until about two months before it actually took place". She wanted to be married in church, but they had a private wedding ceremony at home to avoid possible crowds hoping to see the celebrity. The couple honeymooned in the then-British 1238: 4077: 1644: 1498:

shared his daughter's "great anxiety about him" when he wrote a letter to a cousin, in which he described Melville's working habits: "When he is deeply engaged in one of his literary works, he confines him to hard study many hours in the day, with little or no exercise, and this specially in winter for a great many days together. He probably thus overworks himself and brings on severe nervous affections". Shaw advanced Melville $ 1,500 from Lizzie's inheritance to travel four or five months in Europe and the Holy Land.

892:. Whales were found near The Bahamas, and in March 150 barrels of oil were sent home from Rio de Janeiro. Cutting in and trying-out (boiling) a single whale took about three days, and a whale yielded approximately one barrel of oil per foot of length and per ton of weight (the average whale weighed 40 to 60 tons). The oil was kept on deck for a day to cool off, and was then stowed down; scrubbing the deck completed the labor. An average voyage meant that some forty whales were killed to yield some 1600 barrels of oil. 424: 7488: 229: 1066:

their will upon him in a series of injurious ways". Scholar Robert Milder believes the encounter with the wide ocean, where he was seemingly abandoned by God, led Melville to experience a "metaphysical estrangement" and influenced his social views in two ways: first, that he belonged to the genteel classes, but sympathized with the "disinherited commons" he had been placed among and, second, that experiencing the cultures of Polynesia let him view the West from an outsider's perspective.

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where they had stopped to smoke cigars, they had a conversation that Hawthorne later described in his journal: "Melville, as he always does, began to reason of Providence and futurity, and of everything that lies beyond human ken, and informed me that he 'pretty much made up his mind to be annihilated' If he were a religious man, he would be one of the most truly religious and reverential; he has a very high and noble nature, and better worth immortality than most of us."

2138: 1925:. Another important characteristic of Melville's writing style is in its echoes and overtones. Melville's imitation of certain distinct styles is responsible for this. His three most important sources, in order, are the Bible, Shakespeare, and Milton. Direct quotation from any of the sources is slight; only one sixth of his Biblical allusions can be qualified as such because Melville adapts Biblical usage to his own narrated textual requirements of clarifying his plot. 779: 1609: 2383:. When the narrator is separated from Ruth, with whom he has fallen in love, he is free to explore other sexual (and religious) possibilities before deciding at the end of the poem to participate in the ritualistic order represented by marriage. In the course of the poem, "he considers every form of sexual orientation – celibacy, homosexuality, hedonism, and heterosexuality – raising the same kinds of questions as when he considers Islam or Democracy". 1188:

ability to hide her agitation, and a desire "to shield Melville from unpleasantness". The Kennedys conclude that "If the ensuing years did bring regrets to Melville's life, it is impossible to believe he would have regretted marrying Elizabeth. In fact, he must have realized that he could not have borne the weight of those years unaided—that without her loyalty, intelligence, and affection, his own wild imagination would have had no "port or haven".

1075: 2426:, a handsome and popular young sailor strikes and inadvertently kills the ship's master-at-arms. The ship's captain immediately convenes a court-martial at which he urges the court to convict and sentence Billy to death. Critics debate Melville's intention. Some see the contradiction between unbending legalism and malleable moral principles. Other critics have argued that the captain manipulated and misrepresented the applicable laws. 2036:"Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury/ Signifying nothing". Ahab's first extended speech to the crew, in the "Quarter-Deck" (Ch. 36) is practically blank verse and so is Ahab's soliloquy at the beginning of "Sunset" (Ch. 37):'I leave a white and turbid wake;/ Pale waters, paler cheeks, where'er I sail./ The envious billows sidelong swell to whelm/ My track; let them; but first I pass.' Through Shakespeare, Melville infused 2448: 1429:, between two steamboat accidents, told us that it appeared to be composed of the ravings and reveries of a madman. We were somewhat startled at the remark, but still more at learning, a few days after, that Melville was really supposed to be deranged, and that his friends were taking measures to place him under treatment. We hope one of the earliest precautions will be to keep him stringently secluded from pen and ink. 7507: 1625: 1396:

contemporaneous reviewers of Melville, Hawthorne had seen the uniqueness of Melville's new novel and acknowledged it. In early December 1852, Melville visited the Hawthornes in Concord and discussed the idea of the "Agatha" story he had talked of with Hawthorne. This was the last contact between the two writers before Melville visited Hawthorne in Liverpool four years later when Hawthorne had relocated to England.

1579:(1866), a collection of 72 poems that has been described as "a polyphonic verse journal of the conflict". The work did not do well commercially—of the print run of 1,260 copies, 300 were sent as review copies, and 551 copies were sold—and reviewers did not realize that Melville had purposely avoided the ostentatious diction and fine writing that were in fashion, choosing to be concise and spare. 573:, and Herman enrolled in the English Department on September 28. "Herman I think is making more progress than formerly," Allan wrote in May 1830 to Major Melvill, "and without being a bright Scholar, he maintains a respectable standing, and would proceed further, if he could only be induced to study more—being a most amiable and innocent child, I cannot find it in my heart to coerce him". 1220:

popular appeal: "Melville modeled each episode almost systematically on every genre that was popular with some group of antebellum readers," combining elements of "the picaresque novel, the travelogue, the nautical adventure, the sentimental novel, the sensational French romance, the gothic thriller, temperance tracts, urban reform literature, and the English pastoral". His next novel,

2310:, gender, and sexuality in the 1970s and 1980s. Though some held that he hardly portrayed women at all, others saw the few women in his works as traditional figures representing, or even attacking, nineteenth-century gentility, sentimentality, and conventional morality. Melville's preference for sea-going tales that involved almost only males has been of interest to scholars in 1384:, Melville wrote: "I feel that this Hawthorne has dropped germinous seeds into my soul. He expands and deepens down, the more I contemplate him; and further, and further, shoots his strong New-England roots into the hot soil of my Southern soul." Melville dedicated his book to Hawthorne: "In token of my admiration for his genius, this book is inscribed to Nathaniel Hawthorne". 2029:(1851). The critic F. O. Matthiessen found that the language of Shakespeare far surpasses other influences upon the book, in that it inspired Melville to discover his own full strength. On almost every page, debts to Shakespeare can be discovered. The "mere sounds, full of Leviathanism, but signifying nothing" at the end of "Cetology" (Ch. 32) echo the famous phrase in 1793:, called Books, are divided into short-numbered sections, seemingly an "odd formal compromise" between Melville's natural length and his purpose to write a regular romance that called for longer chapters. As satirical elements were introduced, the chapter arrangement restores "some degree of organization and pace from the chaos". The usual chapter unit then reappears for 2326:, a portrayal of a man retreating to an all-male childhood to avoid confrontation with sexual manhood," from which the narrator engages in "congenial" digressions in heterogeneity. In line with this view, Warren Rosenberg argues the homosocial "Paradise of Bachelors" is "blind to what is real and painful in the world, and thus are superficial and sterile". 1723:. Melville had revised and rearranged the manuscript in several stages, leaving the pages in disarray. Lizzie could not decide her husband's intentions (or even read his handwriting in some places) and abandoned attempts to edit the manuscript for publication. The pages were stored in a family breadbox until 1919 when Melville's granddaughter gave them to 1127:

shown in contrast with the traits of savage fierceness...He has that freedom of view—it would be too harsh to call it laxity of principle—which renders him tolerant of codes of morals that may be little in accordance with our own, a spirit proper enough to a young and adventurous sailor, and which makes his book the more wholesome to our staid landsmen.

1176:, for her hand in March, but was at first turned down at the time. Shaw, Chief Justice of Massachusetts, had been a close friend of Melville's father, and Shaw's marriage with Melville's aunt Nancy was prevented only by her death. His warmth and financial support for the family continued after Allan's death. Melville dedicated his first book, 1103:, his first book, in the summer of 1845 while living in Troy, New York. His brother Gansevoort found a publisher for it in London, where it was published in February 1846 by John Murray in his travel adventure series. It became an overnight bestseller in England, then in New York, when it was published on March 17 by Wiley & Putnam. 1710:, for instance, published a substantial article of appreciation on October 2. The author said that thinking back to Melville's books that were so much read forty years earlier, there is "no difficulty determining why they were then read and talked about," but the difficulty is "to discover why they are read and talked about no longer." 1380:

They may have been "natural allies and friends," yet they were also "fifteen years apart in age and temperamentally quite different" and Hawthorne "found Melville's manic intensity exhausting at times". Bezanson identifies "sexual excitement" in all the ten letters Melville wrote to the older man. In the essay on Hawthorne's

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beyond the world of appearances another world exists, one that influences this world, and where ultimate truth can be found. Moreover, the ancient background thus suggested for Melville's narratives – ancient allusions being next in number to the Biblical ones – invests them with a sense of timelessness.

766:. Parker calls the piece "characteristic Melvillean mood-stuff" and considers its style "excessive enough to indulge his extravagances and just enough overdone to allow him to deny that he was taking his style seriously". For Delbanco, the style is "overheated in the manner of Poe, with sexually charged echoes of Byron and 1547: 2058:

on his time in the merchant marine and navy led to some initial success, but his popularity declined dramatically afterwards. By 1876, all of his books were out of print. He was viewed as a minor figure in American literature in the later years of his life and during the years immediately after his death.

2091:(1922), one of the earlier selections of Melville's poetry, said Melville's verse is "of an amateurish and uneven quality" but in it "that loveable freshness of personality, which his philosophical dejection never quenched, is everywhere in evidence," in "the voice of a true poet". The poet and novelist 2401:

recognizes the homoerotic potential of its eponymous protagonist, including, in a fairly explicit passage, an erection provoked by the figure of a male interlocutor, Lyonesse. In addition, Rosenberg notes that Billy Budd's physical attractiveness is described in quasi-feminine terms: "As the Handsome

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Melville's financial success as a writer during his lifetime was not great, relative to his posthumous success; over his entire lifetime Melville's writings earned him just over $ 10,000 (equivalent to $ 286,125 in 2023). Melville's travelogues based on voyages to the South Seas and stories based

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Melville's own income remained limited. But in 1884, Lizzie received a legacy that enabled him to buy a steady stream of books and prints each month. Melville retired on December 31, 1885, after several of his wife's relatives further supported the couple with supplementary legacies and inheritances.

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in London, and in April by Harper in New York. Nathaniel Hawthorne thought it a rich book "with depths here and there that compel a man to swim for his life". According to Milder, the book began as another South Sea story but, as he wrote, Melville left that genre behind, first in favor of "a romance

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The death of Allan caused many major shifts in the family's material and spiritual circumstances. One result was the greater influence of his mother's religious beliefs. Maria sought consolation in her faith and in April was admitted as a member of the First Reformed Dutch Church. Herman's saturation

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Melville's mastering of Shakespeare, Matthiessen finds, supplied him with verbal resources that enabled him to create dramatic language through three essential techniques. First, the use of verbs of action creates a sense of movement and meaning. The effective tension caused by the contrast of "thou

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4:7. Third, certain Hebraisms are used, such as a succession of genitives ("all the waves of the billows of the seas of the boisterous mob"), the cognate accusative ("I dreamed a dream", "Liverpool was created with the Creation"), and the parallel ("Closer home does it go than a rammer; and fighting

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writes that the relative happiness and comfort of Melville's early childhood depended less on Allan's wealth or on his profligate spending, as on the "exceptionally tender and affectionate spirit in all the family relationships, especially in the immediate circle". Arvin describes Allan as "a man of

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was published by Bentley in London, and in November by Harper in New York. The bankruptcy and death of Allan Melvill, and Melville's own youthful humiliations surface in this "story of outward adaptation and inner impairment". Biographer Robertson-Lorant regards the work as a deliberate attempt for

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Melville's wander-years created what biographer Arvin calls "a settled hatred of external authority, a lust for personal freedom", and a "growing and intensifying sense of his own exceptionalism as a person", along with "the resentful sense that circumstance and mankind together had already imposed

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is one of the most fully developed Melvillean signatures, and is a measure of his masterly writing style (something that would lend lasting significance to the opening lines "Call me Ishmael"). Individual chapters have become "a touchstone for appreciation of Melville's art and for explanation" of

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for California, with his brother Thomas at the helm. After a shaky trip around Cape Horn, Melville returned to New York alone via Panama in November. Later that year, he submitted a poetry collection to a publisher but it was not accepted, and is now lost. In 1863, he bought his brother's house at

1277:"I am half way in the work." In June, he described the book to his English publisher as "a romance of adventure, founded upon certain wild legends in the Southern Sperm Whale Fisheries," and promised it would be done by the fall. The original manuscript has not survived. That summer, Melville read 1191:

Biographer Robertson-Lorant cites "Lizzie's adventurous spirit and abundant energy," and she suggests that "her pluck and good humor might have been what attracted Melville to her, and vice versa". An example of such good humor appears in a letter about her not yet used to being married: "It seems

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This book is lightly but vigorously written; and we are acquainted with no work that gives a freer and more effective picture of barbarian life, in that unadulterated state of which there are now so few specimens remaining. The gentleness of disposition that seems akin to the delicious climate, is

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Gansevoort served as a role model and support for Melville throughout his life, particularly during this time trying to cobble together an education. In early 1834, Gansevoort became a member of Albany's Young Men's Association for Mutual Improvement, and in January 1835 Melville joined him there.

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Melville's work often touched on themes of communicative expression and the pursuit of the absolute among illusions. As early as 1839, in the juvenile sketch "Fragments from a Writing Desk", Melville explores a problem that would reappear in the short stories "Bartleby" (1853) and "Benito Cereno"

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emorse smote me hard; and like lightning I asked myself whether the death deed I had done was sprung of virtuous motive, the rescuing of a captive from thrall, or whether beneath the pretense I had engaged in this fatal affray for some other selfish purpose, the companionship of a beautiful maid.

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Melville's paragraphing in his best work Berthoff considers to be the virtuous result of "compactness of form and free assembling of unanticipated further data", such as when the mysterious sperm whale is compared with Exodus's invisibility of God's face in the final paragraph of Chapter 86 ("The

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put great strain on Melville, leading Sam Shaw, a nephew of Lizzie, to write to his uncle Lemuel Shaw: "Herman I hope has had no more of those ugly attacks"—a reference to what Robertson-Lorant calls "the bouts of rheumatism and sciatica that plagued Melville". Melville's father-in-law apparently

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appeared in the United States as a single volume. In between these dates, on October 22, 1851, the Melvilles' second child, Stanwix, was born. In December, Hawthorne told Duyckinck, "What a book Melville has written! It gives me an idea of much greater power than his preceding ones." Unlike other

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Robertson-Lorant writes that Melville was "infatuated with Hawthorne's intellect, captivated by his artistry, and charmed by his elusive personality," but "the friendship meant something different to each of them," with Hawthorne offering Melville "the kind of intellectual stimulation he needed".

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According to scholars Joyce Deveau Kennedy and Frederick James Kennedy, Lizzie brought to their marriage a sense of religious obligation, an intent to make a home with Melville regardless of place, a willingness to please her husband by performing such "tasks of drudgery" as mending stockings, an

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On August 19, almost three weeks after his birth, Melville was baptized at home by a minister of the South Reformed Dutch Church. During the 1820s, Melville lived a privileged and opulent life in a household supported by three or more servants at a time. Every four years, the family moved to more

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descent. His seven siblings, who played important roles in his career and emotional life, were Gansevoort (1815–1846), Helen Maria (1817–1888), Augusta (1821–1876), Allan (1823–1872), Catherine (1825–1905), Frances Priscilla (1827–1885), and Thomas (1830–1884), who eventually became a governor of

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was published in 1968 and the last in the fall of 2017. The aim of the editors was to present a text "as close as possible to the author's intention as surviving evidence permits". The volumes have extensive appendices, including textual variants from each of the editions published in Melville's

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with a power of expression he had not previously expressed. Reading Shakespeare had been "a catalytic agent" for Melville, one that transformed his writing from merely reporting to "the expression of profound natural forces". The extent to which Melville assimilated Shakespeare is evident in the

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The Biblical elements in Melville's style can be divided into three categories. In the first, allusion is more within the narrative rather than formal quotation. Several preferred Biblical allusions appear repeatedly throughout his body of work, taking on the nature of refrains. Examples are the

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I tell you it will be more tolerable for the Feegee that salted down a lean missionary in his cellar against a coming famine; it will be more tolerable for that provident Feegee, I say, in the day of judgment, than for thee, civilized and enlightened gourmand, who nailest geese to the ground and

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Melville's writing style shows both consistencies and enormous changes throughout the years. His development "had been abnormally postponed, and when it came, it came with a rush and a force that had the menace of quick exhaustion in it". As early as "Fragments from a Writing Desk", written when

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of Europe and the Mediterranean. While in England, in November 1856, he briefly reunited for three days with Hawthorne, who had taken the position of United States Consul at Liverpool, at that time the hub of Britain's Atlantic trade. At the nearby coast resort of Southport, amid the sand dunes

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When Melville's paternal grandfather died on September 16, 1832, Maria and her children discovered Allan, somewhat unscrupulously, had borrowed more than his share of his inheritance, meaning Maria received only $ 20 (equivalent to $ 600 in 2023). His paternal grandmother died almost exactly

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Melville's style, in Nathalia Wright's analysis, seamlessly flows over into theme, because all these borrowings have an artistic purpose, which is to suggest an appearance "larger and more significant than life" for characters and themes that are in fact unremarkable. The allusions suggest that

671:, a blank register for indexing remarkable passages from books one had read for easy retrieval. Among the sample entries that Gansevoort made showing his academic scrupulousness was "Pequot, beautiful description of the war with," with a short title reference to the place in Benjamin Trumbull's 588:

from October 1830 to October 1831, where he took the standard preparatory course, including reading and spelling, penmanship, arithmetic, English grammar, geography, natural history, universal, Greek, Roman, and English history, classical biography, and Jewish antiquities. In early August 1831,

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During the week of his death, the New York Times wrote: "There has died and been buried in this city...a man who is so little known, even by name, to the generation now in the vigor of life that only one newspaper contained an obituary account of him, and this was but of three or four lines.",

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supervised more than a dozen dissertations on Melville that were eventually published as books. Where the first wave of Melville scholars focused on psychology, Williams' students were prominent in establishing Melville Studies as an academic field concerned with texts and manuscripts, tracing

1727:. Weaver, who initially dismissed the work's importance, published a quick transcription in 1924. This version, however, contained many misreadings, some of which affected interpretation. It was an immediate critical success in England, then in the United States. In 1962, the Melville scholars 1320:

and his publisher James T. Fields joined the group while Hawthorne's wife stayed at home to look after the children. On one picnic outing organized by Duyckinck, Hawthorne and Melville sought shelter from the rain together and had a deep, private conversation. Melville had been given a copy of

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According to scholar Nathalia Wright, Melville's characters are all preoccupied by the same intense, superhuman and eternal quest for "the absolute amidst its relative manifestations," an enterprise central to the Melville canon: "All Melville's plots describe this pursuit, and all his themes

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in Lansingburgh, almost 12 miles north of Albany. Nothing is known about what Melville did or where he went for several months after he finished teaching at Sikes. On November 12, five days after arriving in Lansingburgh, Melville paid for a term at Lansingburgh Academy to study surveying and

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when trying to answer what Herman must have felt then: "I had learned to think much and bitterly before my time," the narrator remarks, adding, "I must not think of those delightful days, before my father became a bankrupt ... and we removed from the city; for when I think of those days,

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brought Melville back into contact with his friend Greene—Toby in the book—who wrote confirming Melville's account in newspapers. The two corresponded until 1863, and in his final years Melville "traced and successfully located his old friend" for a further meeting of the two. In March 1847,

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and three other American whalers were hunting together near the Galápagos Islands; Melville later exaggerated that number in Sketch Fourth of "The Encantadas". From November 19 to 25, the ship anchored at Chatham's Isle, and on December 2 reached the coast of Peru and anchored at Tombez near

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In December 1831, Allan Melvill returned from New York City by steamboat, but he had to travel the last 70 miles in an open carriage for two days and two nights in subfreezing temperatures. In early January, he began to show "signs of delirium", and he grew worse until his wife felt that his

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sighted Cape Blanco, off Ecuador. Point St. Elena was sighted the next day, and on January 6, 1842, the ship approached the Galápagos Islands from the southeast. From February 13 to May 7, seven sightings of sperm whales were recorded, but none were killed. From early May to early June, the

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forced Gansevoort to file for bankruptcy in April. In June, Maria told the younger children they needed to leave Albany for somewhere cheaper. Gansevoort began studying law in New York City while Herman managed the farm before getting a teaching position at Sikes District School near Lenox,

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was surely the most decisive intellectual and spiritual influence of his early life. Two months after his father's death, Gansevoort entered the cap and fur business. Uncle Peter Gansevoort, a director of the New York State Bank, got Herman a job as clerk for $ 150 a year (equivalent to $

569:, Allan Melvill described him as "very backwards in speech & somewhat slow in comprehension" at first, but his development increased its pace and Allan was surprised "that Herman proved the best Speaker in the introductory Department". In 1829, both Gansevoort and Herman transferred to 611:

suffering deprived him of his intellect. On January 28, 1832, he died, two months prior to reaching his 50th birthday. Since Herman was no longer attending school, he likely witnessed his father's medical and mental deterioration. Twenty years later, Melville described a similar death in

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The ubiquitous classical references in Melville's published writings suggest that his study of ancient history, biography, and literature during his school days left a lasting impression on both his thought and his art, as did his almost encyclopedic knowledge of both the Old and the New

2084:, seem to make the step to philosophical poetry a natural one rather than simply a consequence of commercial failure. Since he turned to poetry as a meditative practice, his poetic style, even more than most Victorian poets, was not marked by linguistic play or melodic considerations. 717:

in March, Melville published two polemical letters about issues in vogue in the debating societies. Historians Leon Howard and Hershel Parker suggest the motive behind the letters was a youthful desire to have his rhetorical skills publicly recognized. In May, the Melvilles moved to a

548:

In 1830, the Gansevoorts ended their financial support of the Melvilles, at which point Allan's lack of financial responsibility had left him in debt to both the Melvill and Gansevoort families for a sum exceeding $ 20,000 (equivalent to $ 572,000 in 2023). But Melville biographer

2072:(1866), and did not receive recognition as a poet until well into the 20th century. But he wrote predominantly poetry for about 25 years, twice as long as his prose career. The three novels of the 1850s that Melville worked on most seriously to present his philosophical explorations, 2333:

As other scholars have noted, the "slave" image here has two clear connotations. One describes the exploitation of the women's physical labor, and the other describes the exploitation of the women's reproductive organs. Of course, as models of women's oppression, the two are clearly

1056:. During the next year, the homeward bound ship visited the Marquesas Islands, Tahiti, and Valparaiso, and then, from summer to fall 1844, Mazatlan, Lima, and Rio de Janeiro, before reaching Boston on October 3. Melville was discharged on October 14. This Navy experience is used in 1667:

Melville had a modest revival of popularity in England when readers rediscovered his novels. He published two collections of poems inspired by his early experiences at sea, with prose head notes. Intended for his relatives and friends, each had a print run of 25 copies. The first,

1335:. Melville wrote that these stories revealed a dark side to Hawthorne, "shrouded in blackness, ten times black". He repeatedly compared Hawthorne to Shakespeare, and urged that "men not very much inferior to Shakespeare are this day being born on the banks of the Ohio." The critic 1343:" that it could be regarded as a virtual preface and should be "everybody's prime piece of contextual reading". Later that summer, Duyckinck sent Hawthorne copies of Melville's three most recent books. Hawthorne read them, as he wrote to Duyckinck on August 29 that Melville in 1404:

After having borrowed three thousand dollars from his father-in-law in September 1850 to buy a 160-acre farm in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, Melville had high hopes that his next book would please the public and restore his finances. In April 1851 he told his British publisher,

2392:

are the "marriage bed" episode involving Ishmael and Queequeg, who sleep with their arms wrapped around each other (Chapter 4, "The Counterpane" and Chapter 10, "A Bosom Friend"); and the "Squeeze of the Hand" (Chapter 94) describing the camaraderie of sailors' extracting

2374:

This awareness of a double motive haunts both books and ultimately destroys their protagonists who would not fully acknowledge the dark underside of their idealism. The epistemological quest and the transcendental quest for love and belief are consequently sullied by the

2288:

lifetime, an historical note on the publishing history and critical reception, and related documents. Because the texts were prepared with financial support from the United States Department of Education, no royalties are charged, and they have been widely reprinted.

1908:

In Nathalia Wright's view, Melville's sentences generally have a looseness of structure, easy to use for devices as catalogue and allusion, parallel and refrain, proverb and allegory. The length of his clauses may vary greatly, but the narrative style of writing in

865:, and was berthed near their office at the foot of Center Street in that town. Herman signed a contract on Christmas Day with the ship's agent as a "green hand" for 1/175th of whatever profits the voyage would yield. On Sunday the 27th, the brothers heard Reverend 2435:(1855): the impossibility to find common ground for mutual communication. The sketch centers on the protagonist and a mute lady, leading scholar Sealts to observe: "Melville's deep concern with expression and communication evidently began early in his career". 1196:. The illusion is quite dispelled however when Herman stalks into my room without even the ceremony of knocking, bringing me perhaps a button to sew on, or some equally romantic occupation". On February 16, 1849, the Melvilles' first child, Malcolm, was born. 1950:

The other world beyond this, which was longed for by the devout before Columbus' time, was found in the New; and the deep-sea land, that first struck these soundings, brought up the soil of Earth's Paradise. Not a Paradise then, or now; but to be made so at

648:

In 1835, while still working in the store, Melville enrolled in Albany Classical School, perhaps using Maria's part of the proceeds from the sale of the estate of his maternal grandmother in March 1835. In September of the following year, Herman was back at

1582:

In 1866, Melville became a customs inspector for New York City. He held the post for 19 years and had a reputation for honesty in a notoriously corrupt institution. (Unbeknownst to Melville, his position was sometimes protected by future American president

514:

At the turn of the 19th century, Major Melvill did not send his son Allan (Herman's father) to college, but instead sent him to France, where he spent two years in Paris and learned to speak French fluently. In 1814, Allan, who subscribed to his father's

540:

says that Maria "thought her mother's money was infinite and that she was entitled to much of her portion" while her children were young. How well the parents managed to hide the truth from their children is "impossible to know", according to biographer

1297:. These readings proved significant, occurring as Melville radically transformed his initial plan for the novel over the next several months, conceiving what Delbanco described in 2005 as "the most ambitious book ever conceived by an American writer". 2153:

The centennial of Melville's birth in 1919 coincided with a renewed interest in his writings known as the "Melville revival", during which his work experienced a significant critical reassessment. The renewed appreciation began in 1917 with

1538:, has won general acclaim in modern times as a complex and mysterious exploration of issues of fraud and honesty, identity and masquerade. However, when it was published, it received reviews ranging from the bewildered to the denunciatory. 2000:

In addition to this, Melville successfully imitates three Biblical strains: the apocalyptic, the prophetic and the sermonic narrative tone of writing. Melville sustains the apocalyptic tone of anxiety and foreboding for a whole chapter of

675:(Volume I in 1797, and Volume II in 1818) in which the description could be found. The two surviving volumes of Gansevoort's are the best evidence for Melville's reading in this period. Gansevoort's entries include books Melville used for 6137: 1355:

was "a rich book, with depths here and there that compel a man to swim for his life". But he cautioned, "It is so good that one scarcely pardons the writer for not having brooded long over it, so as to make it a great deal better".

1363:

because of the arrowheads that were dug up around the property during planting season. That winter, Melville paid Hawthorne an unexpected visit, only to discover he was working and "not in the mood for company". Hawthorne's wife

304:

Melville was born in New York City, the third child of a prosperous merchant whose death in 1832 left the family in dire financial straits. He took to sea in 1839 as a common sailor on a merchant ship and then on the whaler

687:, including "Parsees—of India—an excellent description of their character, and religion and an account of their descent—East India Sketch Book p. 21". Other entries are on Panther, the pirate's cabin, and storm at sea from 2357:"think they are saving young 'maidens in distress' (Yillah and Isabel) out of the purest of reasons but both are also conscious of a lurking sexual motive". When Taji kills the old priest holding Yillah captive, he says, 1921:, who was an innovator of sentence ordering to render the subtlest nuances in thought, Melville made few such innovations. His domain is the mainstream of English prose, with its rhythm and simplicity influenced by the 1110:"an appealing mixture of adventure, anecdote, ethnography, and social criticism presented with a genial latitudinarianism that gave novelty to a South Sea idyll at once erotically suggestive and romantically chaste". 1880:

Tail"). Over time Melville's paragraphs became shorter as his sentences grew longer, until he arrived at the "one-sentence paragraphing characteristic of his later prose". Berthoff points to the opening chapter of

2170:, among papers shown to him by Melville's granddaughter, Weaver edited it and published it in a new collected edition of Melville's works. Other works that helped fan the flames for Melville were Carl Van Doren's 1121:

called the book a "skilfully managed" narrative by an author with "that freedom of view ... which renders him tolerant of codes of morals that may be little in accordance with our own". Hawthorne continued:

7824: 1558:, chiefly on Roman statuary and sightseeing in Rome. Melville's lectures, which mocked the pseudo-intellectualism of lyceum culture, were panned by contemporary audiences. On May 30, 1860, Melville boarded the 2115:: "What it cost Melville to write this poem makes us pause, reading it. Alone, it is enough to win him, as a poet, what he called 'the belated funeral flower of fame'." Some critics now place him as the first 933:. Ten years later, Melville wrote in his other copy of the book: "The reading of this wondrous story upon the landless sea, & close to the very latitude of the shipwreck had a surprising effect upon me". 2222:(1951). Sparked by Leyda and post-war scholars, the second phase of the Melville Revival emphasized research into the biography of Melville rather than accepting Melville's early books as reliable accounts. 2024:

In 1849, Melville acquired an edition of Shakespeare's works printed in a font large enough for his tired eyes, which led to a deeper study of Shakespeare that greatly influenced the style of his next book,

1824:

may lack the spontaneous, youthful charm of his first two books, they are "denser in substance, richer in feeling, tauter, more complex, more connotative in texture and imagery". The rhythm of the prose in

535:

in 1828. Allan Melvill lived beyond his means, on large sums that he borrowed from his father and from his wife's widowed mother. Although his wife's opinion of his financial conduct is unknown, biographer

2402:

Sailor, Billy Budd's position aboard the seventy-four was something analogous to that of a rustic beauty transplanted from the provinces and brought into competition with the highborn dames of the court".

653:, participating in the school's Latin course. He also participated in debating societies, in an apparent effort to make up as much as he could for his missed years of schooling. During this time, he read 606:

In October 1831, Melville left the Academy. While the precise reason is not known definitively, Parker speculates it was for financial reasons, since "even the tiny tuition fee seemed too much to pay".

6028: 853:. Built in 1840, the ship measured some 104 feet in length, almost 28 feet in breadth, and almost 14 feet in depth. She measured slightly less than 360 tons and had two decks and three masts, but no 713:

The semester over, he returned to his mother in 1838. In February he was elected president of the Philo Logos Society, which Peter Gansevoort invited to move into Stanwix Hall for no rent. In the

1131:

Pleased but not overwhelmed by the adulation of his new public, Melville later expressed concern that he would "go down to posterity ... as a 'man who lived among the cannibals'!" The writing of

7948: 323:(1847), were travel-adventures based on his encounters with the peoples of the islands. Their success gave him the financial security to marry Elizabeth Shaw, the daughter of the Boston jurist 6129: 1765:

were documentary adventures that called for a division of the narrative in short chapters. Such compact organization bears the risk of fragmentation when applied to a lengthy work such as

808:

On May 31, 1839, Gansevoort, then living in New York City, wrote that he was sure Herman could get a job on a whaler or merchant vessel. The next day, he signed aboard the merchant ship

730:

Just weeks after this failure, Melville's first known published essay appeared. Using the initials "L.A.V.", Herman contributed "Fragments from a Writing Desk" to the weekly newspaper

6829:. By Melville, Herman. Hayford, Harrison; MacDougall, Alma A.; Tanselle, G. Thomas; et al. (eds.). Evanston and Chicago: Northwestern University Press and The Newberry Library. 2225:

In 1945, The Melville Society was founded, a non-profit organisation dedicated to the study of Melville's life and works. Between 1969 and 2003, the society published 125 issues of

2386:

Some passages and sections of Melville's works demonstrate his willingness to address all forms of sexuality, including the homoerotic, in his works. Commonly noted examples from

1210:

of the narrator Taji and the lost maiden Yillah," and then "to an allegorical voyage of the philosopher Babbalanja and his companions through the imaginary archipelago of Mardi".

636:

something rises up in my throat and almost strangles me". With Melville, Arvin argues, one has to reckon with "psychology, the tormented psychology, of the decayed patrician".

7191: 7020: 1884:

for an example, as it counts fifteen paragraphs, seven of which consist of only one elaborate sentence, and four that have only two sentences. The use of similar technique in

527:

creed. The Gansevoorts' severe Protestantism ensured that Maria was well versed in the Bible, in English as well as in Dutch, the language that the Gansevoorts spoke at home.

1097:

Upon his return, Melville regaled his family and friends with his adventurous tales and romantic experiences, and they urged him to put them into writing. Melville completed

2838:

Inversion of order to resemble the speeches of the King of the account of the Last Judgment in Matthew 25:34: "Then shall the king say unto them on his right hand ..."

1784:

are no more than two pages in standard editions, and an extreme example is Chapter 122, consisting of a single paragraph of 36 words. The skillful handling of chapters in

5687: 345:(1850), both tales based on his experience as a well-born young man at sea, were given respectable reviews, but did not sell well enough to support his expanding family. 5723: 1757:

Melville was 20, scholar Sealts sees "a number of elements that anticipate Melville's later writing, especially his characteristic habit of abundant literary allusion".

1106:

In the narrative, Melville likely extended the period of time he had spent on the island and also incorporated material from source books he had assembled. Milder calls

554:

real sensibility and a particularly warm and loving father," while Maria was "warmly maternal, simple, robust, and affectionately devoted to her husband and her brood".

7852: 7764: 6527: 2095:

became a champion of Melville as a great American poet and issued a selection of Melville's poetry in 1971 prefaced by an admiring critical essay. In the 1990s critic

1676: 7216: 911:

was sailing attracted much traffic, and Captain Pease not only paused to visit other whalers, but at times hunted in company with them. From July 23 into August, the

1172:

In June 1847, Melville and Elizabeth "Lizzie" Knapp Shaw were engaged, after knowing each other for approximately three months. Melville had first asked her father,

899:

sailed around Cape Horn and traveled to the South Pacific, where the crew sighted whales without catching any. She then went up the coast of Chile to the region of

488:

family, Allan Melvill spent considerable time away from New York City, travelling regularly to Europe as a commission merchant and an importer of French dry goods.

8811: 2370:, the motive of the protagonist's sacrifice for Isabel is admitted: "womanly beauty and not womanly ugliness invited him to champion the right". Rosenberg argues, 1359:

In September 1850, Melville borrowed three thousand dollars from his father-in-law Lemuel Shaw to buy a 160-acre farm in Pittsfield. Melville called his new home

8806: 7785: 7873: 2751:

After the death of Melville's father in 1832 his mother added an "e" to the family surname—seemingly at the behest of her son Gansevoort. (Parker 1996, p. 67.)

2214:

Melville's influences and borrowings (even plagiarism), and exploring archives and local publications. To provide historical evidence, the independent scholar

1590:

Though Melville's professional writing career had ended, he remained dedicated to his writing. He spent years on what Milder called "his autumnal masterpiece"

877:

on the walls memorialized local sailors who had died at sea, often in battle with whales. When he signed the crew list the next day, Herman was advanced $ 84.

734:, which printed it in two installments, the first on May 4. According to Merton Sealts, his use of heavy-handed allusions reveals familiarity with the work of 727:, Peter Gansevoort says his nephew "possesses the ambition to make himself useful in a business which he desires to make his profession," but no job resulted. 4813:

Likewise, a letter to the editor in the same paper on October 6 was headed "the late Hiram Melville", but this was a typesetting error. Parker (2002), p. 921.

6454: 2329:

David Harley Serlin observes in the second half of Melville's diptych, "The Tartarus of Maids", the narrator gives voice to the oppressed women he observes:

2218:

searched libraries, family papers, local archives and newspapers across New England and New York to document Melville's life day by day for his two-volume

1433:

On May 22, 1853, Melville's third child and first daughter Elizabeth (Bessie) was born, and on or about that day Herman finished work on the Agatha story,

7845: 7831: 1289: 1816:

seem as if Melville's writing went back to the vein of his first two books. In reality, his movement "was not a retrograde but a spiral one", and while

1706:", the misspelling of which was later erroneously taken to mean that he was unappreciated at his time of death. But there were some appreciations. The 32: 8721: 8706: 7866: 7574: 8896: 7891: 1845: 6309: 6293: 6247: 1046:

After four months of working several jobs in Hawaii, including as a clerk, Melville joined the U.S. Navy on August 20, as an ordinary seaman on the

8504: 7799: 6499:

Melville in His Own Time: A Biographical Chronicle of His Life, Drawn from Recollection, Interviews, and Memoirs by Family, Friends, and Associates

6543: 2283:

of Melville's complete works, including unpublished poems, journals, and correspondence. The first volume of the Northwestern-Newberry Edition of

8911: 8786: 1158:

gave Melville overnight renown as a writer and adventurer, and he often entertained by telling stories to his admirers. As the writer and editor

1478:, was named after a new introductory story Melville wrote for it, "The Piazza". It also contained five previously published stories, including " 8846: 7859: 1660:

On February 22, 1886, Stanwix, their younger son, died in San Francisco at age 36, from tuberculosis. In 1889, Melville became a member of the

289:. At the time of his death, Melville was no longer well known to the public, but the 1919 centennial of his birth was the starting point of a 1554:

To repair his faltering finances, Melville took up public lecturing from late 1857 to 1860. He embarked upon three lecture tours and spoke at

8876: 7838: 966:

of New Bedford, which also took letters from Melville's ship; the two ships were in the same area just south of the Equator. On June 16, the

7003: 6112: 2415: 1415:

was heavily psychological, though drawing on the conventions of the romance, and difficult in style. It was not well received. The New York

663:, whose witch scenes gave him the chance to teasingly scare his sisters. By March 1837, however, he again withdrew from The Albany Academy. 8776: 407:, and Melville retired. During his last years, he privately published two volumes of poetry, and left one volume unpublished. The novella 8866: 8821: 8701: 2319: 940:

crossed the equator to the north, and six or seven days later arrived at the Galápagos Islands. This short visit would be the basis for "

1683:

Melville died on the morning of September 28, 1891. His death certificate shows "cardiac dilation" as the cause. He was interred in the

8761: 8746: 4668:, p. 730: "quietly declining offers of money for special services, quietly returning money which has been thrust into his pockets" 1409:, that his new book had "unquestionable novelty" and was calculated to have wide appeal with elements of romance and mystery. In fact, 576:

Emotionally unstable and behind on paying the rent for the house on Broadway, Herman's father tried to recover by moving his family to

2346:

In the end Serlin says that the narrator is never fully able to come to terms with the contrasting masculine and feminine modalities.

2298:, in 1996 and 2002, based on extensive original research and his involvement as editor of the Northwestern-Newberry Melville edition. 1946:

shows how these ways of alluding interlock and result in a texture of Biblical language though there is very little direct quotation:

471:, on August 1, 1819, the third of eight children to Allan Melvill (1782–1832) and Maria (Gansevoort) Melvill (1791–1872), who were of 8771: 7634: 7599: 6192:. The Writings of Herman Melville. Vol. Fourteen. Evanston and Chicago: Northwestern University Press and The Newberry Library. 1443:, with his publisher, but later wrote that Harper & Brothers was "prevented" from publishing his manuscript because it was lost. 981:

In the summer of 1842, Melville and his shipmate Richard Tobias Greene ("Toby") jumped ship at Nuku Hiva Bay. Melville's first book,

7199: 7028: 8861: 8711: 8696: 5386: 352:(1851), which took nearly a year and a half to write, but it did not find an audience, and critics scorned his psychological novel 1421:

published a venomous attack on September 8, 1852, headlined "HERMAN MELVILLE CRAZY". The item, offered as a news story, reported,

4375: 1893:

Verily I say unto you, It shall be more tolerable for the land of Sodom and Gomorrah in the day of judgment, than for that city.

1717:, and a sketch, "Daniel Orme", unpublished at the time of his death. His wife also found pages for an unfinished novella, titled 570: 8482: 8901: 8003: 2180: 936:

On September 25, the ship reported having 600 barrels of oil to another whaler, and in October 700 barrels. On October 24, the

719: 8856: 8731: 8350: 7456:(1775-1851) and American novelist Herman Melville, establishing Turner as a decisive influence on the creation of Melville's 7426: 7403: 7328: 7309: 7073:(1775-1851) and American novelist Herman Melville, establishing Turner as a decisive influence on the creation of Melville's 6948: 6723: 6651: 6630: 6517: 6506: 6071: 5965: 4163: 2276: 907:, she had 160 barrels. On June 23, the ship anchored for the first time since Rio, in Santa Harbor. The cruising grounds the 565:. In 1825, Herman and his brother Gansevoort enrolled in New York Male High School. In 1826, the year that Herman contracted 8871: 8726: 8716: 8603: 8497: 7916: 5701: 4155: 2698: 2068: 1805:, but only becomes "a vital part in the whole creative achievement" again in the juxtaposition of accents and of topics in 1575: 385: 8906: 8886: 8766: 8061: 5142: 1684: 1648: 589:

Herman marched in the Albany city government procession of the year's "finest scholars" and was presented with a copy of

85: 8916: 8881: 8013: 7267: 7094: 6969: 6333: 6130:"'The Coiled Fish of the Sea': A Brief History of the Northwestern-Newberry Edition of the Writings of Herman Melville" 2668: 2318:. Melville was remarkably open in his exploration of sexuality of all sorts. Alvin Sandberg said that the short story " 8249: 8008: 7445: 7384: 7362: 7288: 7236: 7113: 7062: 6992: 6674: 6483: 6415: 6372: 6197: 6009: 5934: 5874: 1087: 496: 445: 260: 7558: 6576:. The writings of Herman Melville. Vol. 6. Evanston; Chicago: Northwestern University Press; Newberry Library. 2542:

In 1985, the New York City Herman Melville Society gathered at 104 East 26th Street to dedicate the intersection of

849:, Herman and Gansevoort traveled to New Bedford, where Herman signed up for a whaling voyage aboard a new ship, the 8791: 8751: 8741: 8265: 6446: 3850: 2480:(LOA) began publishing works in honor of Melville's central place in American culture; the first volume contained 8781: 8490: 8257: 1184:, and traveled to Montreal. They settled in a house on Fourth Avenue in New York City (now called Park Avenue). 8891: 8468: 6857: 6834: 6581: 5396: 6572:

Parker, Hershel (1988). "Historical Note". In Hayford, Harrison; Parker, Hershel; Tanselle, G. Thomas (eds.).

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South and 26th Street as Herman Melville Square, where Melville lived from 1863 to 1891 and where he authored

1739:

that was widely accepted. It was adapted as a stage play on Broadway in 1951, then an opera, and in 1961 as a

7627: 5448: 4632: 2264: 2856:

Allusion to Acts 2:9: "Parthians, and Medes, and Elamites, and the dwellers in Mesopotamia, and in ..."

593:, a collection of poems and prose, inscribed to him as "first best in ciphering books". As Melville scholar 8841: 8796: 8756: 8399: 8357: 8085: 8018: 7646: 7578: 6036: 2793:

This number is either what she was carrying or the total number since the voyage began (Parker, 1996), 200.

2590: 2528: 6238: 4358: 8736: 8281: 8273: 8214: 7932: 7709: 7536:

A digital archive of books that survive from Herman Melville's library with his annotations and markings.

2714: 2645: 2272: 2119:

poet in the United States while others assert that his work more strongly suggests what today would be a

2116: 1670: 1411: 1406: 1360: 1206: 437: 354: 6685: 1251: 8831: 8446: 8385: 6547: 2536: 1938: 492: 432: 333:(1849), a romance-adventure and his first book not based on his own experience, was not well received. 2874:

Acts 2:3: "And there appeared unto them cloven tongues like as of fire, and it sat upon each of them".

1486:". On March 2, 1855, the Melvilles' fourth child, Frances (Fanny), was born. In this period, his book 8836: 8816: 8371: 8190: 8123: 5800: 2096: 1829:"achieves little more than easiness; the language is almost neutral and without idiosyncrasy", while 1313: 1305: 1263: 1091: 831: 747: 723:

engineering. In an April 1839 letter recommending Herman for a job in the Engineer Department of the

557:

Melville's education began when he was six. In 1824, the Melvills moved to a newly built house at 33

8392: 6762:

Sandberg, Alvin (1968). "Erotic Patterns in 'The Paradise of Bachelors and the Tartarus of Maids'".

904: 8681: 8596: 8324: 8174: 8164: 7967: 7620: 7591: 5152: 1661: 1328: 1323: 1050: 900: 862: 581: 6154: 2294: 1339:

finds the essay "so deeply related to Melville's imaginative and intellectual world while writing

519:, married Maria Gansevoort, who was committed to her family's more strict and biblically oriented 8517: 8512: 8460: 8300: 8054: 7771: 7011: 6556: 6090: 2811:

Germanism, borrowed from the promise in Luke that the kingdom will be given to the chosen people.

2661: 2210: 1933:.20 and Pierre's inquiry of Lucy: "Loveth she me with the love past all understanding?" combines 1479: 1159: 755: 481: 461: 363: 7530:: Editions, Manuscripts, Sources, Melville's Print Collection, Adaptation, biography, Criticism. 8581: 8118: 2551: 2198: 2158:'s article on Melville in a standard history of American literature. Van Doren also encouraged 1274: 826: 412: 8039: 6494: 6360: 5461: 8801: 8568: 8452: 8230: 8222: 8206: 8198: 8159: 7349:

Article about the life and works of Herman Melville on the bicentennial of his birth in 1819.

7084: 6938: 6820: 6207:

Hutchins, Zach (2014). "Herman Melville's Fejee Mermaid, or a Confidence Man at the Lycuem".

2315: 2248:(1947) presented Ahab as a Shakespearean tragic hero, and Newton Arvin's critical biography, 2120: 688: 520: 508: 411:

was left unfinished at his death, but was published posthumously in 1924. Melville died from

6900:

Shneidman, E. S. (1976). "Some psychological reflections on the death of Malcolm Melville".

6237: 4147: 1876:, Melville's subsequent writings seem "relatively muted, even withheld" in his later works. 8691: 8686: 8549: 8541: 8533: 6775:

Scharnhorst, Gary (Spring 1983). "Biographical Blindspots: The Case of the Cousins Alger".

2379:

Rosenberg says that Melville fully explores the theme of sexuality in his major epic poem,

2099:

argued that Melville "is justly said to be nineteenth-century America's leading poet after

992: 836: 813: 796: 532: 393:. In 1867, his eldest child Malcolm died at home from a self-inflicted gunshot. Melville's 298: 7596: 6404: 1226:, was published by Bentley in London in January 1850, and in March by Harper in New York. 8: 8826: 8589: 8308: 8103: 2253: 1317: 1118: 916: 735: 654: 495:, and Melville later expressed satisfaction in his "double revolutionary descent". Major 155: 6045: 2778: 2349:

Issues of sexuality have been observed in other works as well. Rosenberg notes Taji, in

1472:, that they publish a selective collection of the short fiction. The collection, titled 710:

Massachusetts. He taught about 30 students of various ages, including some his own age.

8851: 8642: 8343: 8140: 8047: 7817: 7725: 7527: 7517: 7415: 7179: 7165: 6981: 6925: 6913: 6888: 6846: 6800: 6792: 6750: 6604: 6522: 6427: 6348: 6280: 6224: 5998: 5985: 5923: 5863: 4547: 2690: 2559: 2532: 2477: 2466: 2411: 2307: 2229:, which are now freely available on the society's website. Since 1999 it has published 2092: 1922: 1695: 1629: 1617: 1570: 1530: 1460:

in 1853. From November 1853 to 1856, Melville published fourteen tales and sketches in

1351:

put the reality "more unflinchingly" before his reader than any writer, and he thought

1181: 870: 650: 585: 390: 372: 136: 38: 7452:"Wallace explores the stylistic and aesthetic affinities of English landscape painter 7069:"Wallace explores the stylistic and aesthetic affinities of English landscape painter 1082: 376:(1857). He moved to New York in 1863, eventually taking a position as a United States 8650: 8634: 8437: 8316: 8093: 8023: 7985: 7483: 7441: 7422: 7399: 7380: 7358: 7324: 7305: 7299: 7284: 7263: 7232: 7136: 7119: 7109: 7090: 7058: 6988: 6965: 6944: 6917: 6853: 6830: 6804: 6719: 6713: 6670: 6647: 6626: 6577: 6502: 6479: 6472: 6434: 6411: 6390: 6378: 6368: 6329: 6228: 6193: 6077: 6067: 6060: 6015: 6005: 5971: 5961: 5940: 5930: 5909: 5905: 5880: 5870: 5855: 5842: 5835: 4642: 4551: 4539: 4159: 2653: 1740: 1736: 1584: 1521: 1435: 988: 929: 841: 783: 428: 377: 358:(1852). From 1853 to 1856, Melville published short fiction in magazines, including " 310: 151: 123: 7568: 7470: 6929: 6733:

Rosenberg, Warren (1984). "'Deeper than Sappho': Melville, poetry, and the Erotic".

1600:

found an unread copy in the New York Public Library in 1925 "with its pages uncut".

8028: 7940: 7753: 7492: 7255: 7157: 6909: 6880: 6784: 6742: 6272: 6216: 6104: 6099: 5901: 5852: 5732: 4529: 2722: 2311: 2268: 2260: 2185: 2132: 1732: 1728: 1474: 1365: 1327:, though he had not yet read it. Melville then avidly read it and wrote a review, " 1040: 577: 504: 500: 159: 140: 1963:, on the world's jubilee morning, shall all go with their sickles to the reaping. 991:. By around mid-August, Melville had left the island aboard the Australian whaler 8364: 7603: 7562: 7474: 7453: 7278: 7070: 6959: 6824: 6662: 6641: 6620: 6397:(Tenth Printing ed.). New York, London and Toronto: Oxford University Press. 6324:

Levine, Robert (2014). "Chronology of Melville's Life". In Levine, Robert (ed.).

6187: 6055: 4148: 2574: 2206: 2104: 1888:

contributes in large part, Berthoff says, to its "remarkable narrative economy".

1841: 1643: 1417: 1336: 1294: 1283: 1237: 1169:

In 1847, Melville tried unsuccessfully to find a "government job" in Washington.

1032: 854: 558: 542: 472: 6940:

Herman Melville and the American Calling: The Fiction After Moby-Dick, 1851–1857

6263:

Kennedy, Frederick James (March 1977). "Herman Melville's Lecture in Montreal".

2802:

And the peace of God, which passeth all understanding, shall keep your hearts...

2734:(1891 unfinished, published posthumously in 1924; authoritative edition in 1962) 1636:

September 29, 1891, obituary notice, which misspelled Melville's masterpiece as

1468:

magazines. In December 1855 he proposed to Dix & Edwards, the new owners of

8427: 7792: 7343: 7321:

The Characteristic Theology of Herman Melville: Aesthetics, Politics, Duplicity

6616: 2289: 2175: 2159: 2155: 1934: 1930: 1724: 1301: 1278: 1255: 941: 537: 163: 7583: 7123: 6438: 2233:, currently three issues a year, published by Johns Hopkins University Press. 8675: 8113: 7778: 7717: 7140: 6382: 6081: 6019: 5975: 5944: 5913: 5884: 5747: 4543: 2682: 2675: 2280: 2241: 2193: 2108: 2010: 1597: 1483: 1452: 1259: 706: 693: 594: 566: 468: 423: 359: 60: 7479: 6239:"'Abnormal, as Most Geniuses Are': Celebrating 200 Years of Herman Melville" 2531:

issued a 20-cent commemorative stamp to honor Melville. The setting for the

1166:

Typee and Omoo, just as you find the flow of his delightful mind on paper".

228: 8658: 8098: 7693: 7372: 5830: 2629: 2564: 2237: 2100: 1613: 1456:. Instead, this narrative of a Revolutionary War veteran was serialized in 1222: 1058: 1031:

for a six-month cruise (November 1842 – April 1843), and was discharged at

1010: 927:, who gave him a copy of his father's account of his adventures aboard the 763: 751: 743: 550: 516: 476: 404: 341: 7612: 6788: 6686:"Something Fishy: Or Why I Make My Students Read Fast-Fish And Loose-Fish" 6395:

American Renaissance: Art and Expression in the Age of Emerson and Whitman

6220: 6108: 5987:

The Long Encounter: Self and Experience in the Writings of Herman Melville

4534: 2137: 1074: 441:(1852), he fictionalized this portrait as the portrait of Pierre's father. 7555: 7338: 6921: 6815:. Vol. 1. Sidney, Ohio: Scott Publishing Company. 2000. Scott #2094. 2900: 2543: 2524:, published in 1985. LOA did not publish his complete poetry until 2019. 2470: 2447: 2087:

Early critics were not sympathetic. Henry Chapin, in his introduction to

1918: 1833:

shows an improved ability in narrative, which fuses imagery and emotion.

1173: 866: 739: 394: 324: 252: 241: 181: 106: 6796: 6608: 5362: 4784: 778: 8617: 8432: 7733: 7341:(July 29, 2019). "Ahab at Home: Two hundred years of Herman Melville". 7169: 6892: 6754: 6478:. Emory Elliott (General Editor). New York: Columbia University Press. 2936: 2934: 2730: 2394: 2236:

The postwar scholars tended to think that Weaver, Harvard psychologist

1719: 1608: 1546: 1502: 1273:

is from a May 1, 1850, letter in which Melville told fellow sea author

1146:, was published by Murray in London, and in May by Harper in New York. 1006: 924: 885: 846: 759: 724: 403:

was published in 1876. In 1886, his other son Stanwix died of apparent

281: 7148:

Wright, Nathalia (May 1940). "Biblical Allusion in Melville's Prose".

6284: 4517: 2527:

On August 1, 1984, as part of the Literary Arts Series of stamps, the

1836:

Melville's early works were "increasingly baroque" in style, and with

1450:, Melville had difficulty finding a publisher for his follow-up novel 1001:, where he took part in a mutiny and was briefly jailed in the native 8378: 8075: 7701: 7550: 7075: 6852:(Revised and Enlarged ed.). University of South Carolina Press. 6343: 5603: 5466: 2637: 2461: 2452: 2388: 2323: 2215: 1688: 1652: 1510: 975: 974:, and, on June 23, she reached the Marquesas Islands and anchored at 962:

cooperatively set about its whaling endeavors several times with the

874: 677: 625: 562: 524: 457: 427:

An 1810 portrait of Melville's father, Allan Melvill (1782–1832), by

367: 276: 265: 171: 89: 7161: 7106:

The Failure of the Word: The Lawyer as Protagonist in Modern Fiction

6961:

Hunting Captain Ahab: Psychological Warfare and the Melville Revival

6884: 6746: 4706: 4497: 4299: 4208: 4146:

Gravett, Sharon (2004). "Melville, Herman". In Cumming, Mark (ed.).

2931: 2777:

crewmembers, Melville's name can be seen sixth counting from below:

1942:

with steel is a play without ever an interlude"). This passage from

1027:. In November, he contracted to be a seaman on the Nantucket whaler 8108: 7501: 7221:. Oxford Bibliographies. Vol. Online. Oxford University Press. 7133:

Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons

6867:

Serlin, David Harley (1995). "The Dialogue of Gender in Melville's

6276: 4446: 4444: 1528:. On April 1, 1857, Melville published his last full-length novel, 1013:

and island rover ("omoo" in Tahitian), eventually crossing over to

248: 167: 7539: 7533: 7497: 6350:

The Melville Log; a Documentary Life of Herman Melville, 1819–1891

6292:

Kennedy, Joyce Deveau; Kennedy, Frederick James (February 1978a).

2145: 1501:

From October 11, 1856, to May 20, 1857, Melville made a six-month

8406: 7685: 7396:

Strike Through the Mask: Herman Melville and the Scene of Writing

6050:. By Melville, Herman. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 5696: 5437: 2621: 2031: 1777:

Melville turned the short chapter into a concentrated narrative.

1559: 1215: 1150:

is "a slighter but more professional book," according to Milder.

1047: 923:

from Nantucket, and Melville met William Henry Chase, the son of

818: 659: 631: 383:

From that point, Melville focused his creative powers on poetry.

335: 286: 8611: 7587: 4683: 4441: 4311: 4274: 4237: 4196: 4184: 1812:

Newton Arvin points out that only superficially the books after

1624: 888:; Captain Valentine Pease, the mates, and the skilled men slept 825:

Inspired by contemporaneous popular cultural reading, including

491:

Both of Melville's grandfathers played significant roles in the

8069: 7924: 5846: 5337: 5248: 5224: 4101: 4040: 3830: 2706: 2578: 2014: 1592: 1555: 1515: 1331:", which appeared in two installments, on August 17 and 24, in 1309: 1014: 1005:. In October, he and crew mate John B. Troy escaped Tahiti for 998: 683: 485: 399: 389:(1866) was his poetic reflection on the moral questions of the 7512: 7086:

Douglass & Melville: Anchored Together In Neighborly Style

6811: 5753: 5214: 5212: 5175: 5173: 4647: 3986: 3575: 3573: 3571: 3569: 3567: 3565: 3484: 3108: 2847:

Paraphrase of familiar Biblical idiom and cognate construction

1969:

the language they shall speak shall be the language of Britain

1439:. Melville traveled to New York to discuss a book, presumably 1391:

was published in Britain in three volumes, and on November 14

7677: 7661: 7192:"Melville and STW at Yale: Studies under Stanley T. Williams" 6308:

Kennedy, Joyce Deveau; Kennedy, Frederick James (May 1978b).

5236: 4671: 4592: 3460: 2994: 2613: 2597: 2306:

Melville only gradually attracted the pioneering scholars of

2066:

Melville did not publish poetry until his late forties, with

1525: 1201: 1099: 983: 950: 788: 329: 271: 5639: 5163:

Herman Melville to Evert A. Duyckink, February 24, 1849, in

5059: 5035: 4028: 3818: 782:

Richard Tobias Greene, who jumped ship with Melville in the

247:; August 1, 1819 – September 28, 1891) was an American 7669: 7607: 7545: 5260: 5209: 5197: 5185: 5170: 5001: 4999: 4974: 4972: 4970: 4933: 4931: 4882: 4880: 4878: 4622: 4620: 4618: 4016: 3921: 3562: 3137: 2605: 2451:

A plaque commemorating Melville at 104 East 26th Street in

2422:, for instance, challenges concepts of property rights. In 1859:— Melville paraphrases the Bible in "The Whale as a Dish", 1854:

feastest on their bloated livers in thy paté-de-foie-gras.

1569:

In 1864, Melville visited the Virginia battlefields of the

1138: 1036: 1019: 456:

portrait of Melville's mother Maria Gansevoort Melville by

319: 256: 7523: 5119: 5107: 5095: 4750: 4748: 4474: 4472: 4390: 4363: 4335: 3084: 1844:

calls it an "immensely varied style". According to critic

1078:

Elizabeth "Lizzie" Shaw Melville, Melville's wife, in 1885

290: 7223:

Extensive annotated bibliography of Melville scholarship.

7089:. New Bedford, Massachusetts: Spinner Publications, Inc. 6162: 5615: 5548: 5546: 5544: 5542: 5540: 5538: 5536: 5277: 5275: 4723: 4721: 4484: 4407: 4405: 3808: 3806: 3771: 3711: 3686: 3650: 3585: 3496: 3424: 3376: 3050: 3048: 889: 845:

magazine of the hunt for a great white sperm whale named

6542: 5670: 5668: 5666: 5580: 5568: 5510: 5472: 5417: 5415: 5327: 5325: 5311: 5299: 5023: 5011: 4996: 4984: 4967: 4955: 4943: 4928: 4892: 4875: 4863: 4772: 4733: 4615: 4558: 4518:"John Steinbeck's Roots in Nineteenth-Century Palestine" 4323: 4262: 4172: 3940: 3938: 3936: 3873: 3871: 3804: 3802: 3800: 3798: 3796: 3794: 3792: 3790: 3788: 3786: 3616: 3614: 3612: 3513: 3511: 2126: 953:, with 570 barrels of oil on board. On December 27, the 884:

set sail. Melville slept with some twenty others in the

4745: 4469: 3976: 3974: 3528: 3526: 3366: 3364: 3337: 3315: 3313: 3276: 3274: 3234: 3174: 3149: 3127: 3125: 3123: 3035: 3033: 1959:. The seed is sown, and the harvest must come; and our 1566:

104 East 26th Street in New York City and moved there.

861:

was owned by Melvin O. Bradford and Philemon Fuller of

7540:

Melvilliana:the world and writings of Herman Melville.

5991:. Phoenix books. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 5651: 5533: 5287: 5272: 5083: 5047: 4851: 4816: 4760: 4718: 4695: 4429: 4417: 4402: 3950: 3538: 3298: 3246: 3045: 2764:

of 1637, the Dutch equivalent of the King James Bible.

2162:, who wrote the author's first full-length biography, 1981:

there shall appear unto them cloven tongues as of fire

1316:, to enjoy a period of parties, picnics, and dinners. 5869:. Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University Press. 5663: 5522: 5453: 5451: 5412: 5374: 5322: 5071: 4916: 4904: 4659: 4581: 4089: 4065: 3933: 3914:

Herman Melville to Nathaniel Hawthorne, May 1851, in

3883: 3868: 3851:"Best 100+ Inspirational Quotes To Give You Strenght" 3783: 3759: 3747: 3735: 3723: 3674: 3662: 3638: 3626: 3609: 3597: 3550: 3508: 3472: 3448: 3436: 3400: 3186: 2970: 2958: 1229: 275:(1846), a romanticized account of his experiences in 6445: 5759: 5627: 5443: 4839: 4570: 3971: 3523: 3412: 3388: 3361: 3349: 3310: 3286: 3271: 3222: 3210: 3198: 3120: 3096: 3060: 3030: 3018: 3006: 1995:

s Biblical language, with Nathalia Wright's glosses.

1308:, and other literary figures from New York City and 1290:

On Heroes, Hero-Worship, & the Heroic in History

970:

carried 750 barrels of oil and sent home 200 on the

629:

4,600 in 2023). Biographers cite a passage from

7846:

The Paradise of Bachelors and the Tartarus of Maids

6869:

The Paradise of Bachelors and the Tartarus of Maids

5557: 5499: 5488: 5401: 5131: 4828: 4796: 3325: 3072: 2946: 2906: 2581:"Tonight" with the line "call me Ishmael tonight". 2577:, a Kashmiri-American poet ends his famous English 2320:

The Paradise of Bachelors and the Tartarus of Maids

531:spacious and elegant quarters, finally settling on 7414: 7178: 7135:(3rd (Kindle) ed.). McFarland & Company. 6980: 6845: 6643:Herman Melville: A Biography. Volume II, 1851–1891 6471: 6426: 6403: 6347: 6059: 5997: 5984: 5956:: Document, Drama, Dream". In Bryant, John (ed.). 5922: 5892:Bercaw Edwards, Mary (2009). "Questioning Typee". 5862: 5834: 5781: 5477: 5426: 2982: 1425:A critical friend, who read Melville's last book, 7438:Melville & Turner: Spheres of Love and Fright 7108:. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. 7055:Melville & Turner: Spheres of Love and Fright 6826:The Piazza Tales and Other Prose Pieces 1839–1860 6646:. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. 6622:Herman Melville: A Biography. Volume I, 1819–1851 5770: 4604: 4230:: Document, Drama, Dream," in John Bryant (ed.), 2829:Cognate construction and familiar Biblical idiom. 2606:Omoo: A Narrative of Adventures in the South Seas 2166:(1921). Discovering the unfinished manuscript of 2005:The prophetic strain is expressed by Melville in 1399: 8812:Columbia Grammar & Preparatory School alumni 8673: 7520:Online access to all 125 issues of the magazine. 7355:The Power of Blackness: Hawthorne, Poe, Melville 7185:. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press. 6711: 4712: 4689: 4503: 4463: 4450: 4317: 4305: 4293: 4280: 4243: 4214: 4202: 4190: 4107: 4059: 4046: 3992: 3836: 3114: 3000: 2940: 1917:is there to convey feeling, not thought. Unlike 1162:wrote, "With his cigar and his Spanish eyes, he 643: 7575:Antiquarian Booksellers' Association of America 7524:Melville Electronic Library: a critical archive 6402:Melville, Herman (1973). Hillway, Tyrus (ed.). 6307: 6291: 6004:. London and Boston: Routledge and Kegan Paul. 4034: 4022: 2571:, and dedicated their discovery to the author. 1840:Melville's vocabulary had grown superabundant. 1509:The Mediterranean part of the tour took in the 1069: 503:, and Melville's maternal grandfather, General 366:". In 1857, he traveled to England, toured the 348:Melville's growing literary ambition showed in 8807:Burials at Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx, New York) 6474:Columbia Literary History of the United States 6326:The New Cambridge Companion to Herman Melville 5891: 5592: 3824: 2707:Clarel: A Poem and Pilgrimage in the Holy Land 2554:, houses the Lansingburgh Historical Society. 2459:In 1854, three years following publication of 1903: 400:Clarel: A Poem and Pilgrimage in the Holy Land 8597: 8498: 8055: 7628: 7518:Melville Society Extracts, Archives 1969–2005 7398:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 7245:Eternal Ifs: Infant, Boy, and Man (1819-1840) 6625:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 6518:"Voyaging Far and Wide in Search of Melville" 1702:initial death notice called his masterpiece " 1446:After the commercial and critical failure of 816:), which cruised from New York to Liverpool. 6035:. Cambridge University Press. Archived from 5822: 1647:The gravestones of Melville and his wife in 987:(1846), is based on his stay in or near the 732:Democratic Press and Lansingburgh Advertiser 7642: 7542:A scholarly blog about all things Melville. 6774: 6492: 6410:. New Haven: College and University Press. 6389: 5317: 5266: 5254: 5242: 5230: 5218: 5203: 5191: 5179: 4677: 4490:Hawthorne, entry for November 20, 1856, in 3927: 3579: 2630:White-Jacket; or, The World in a Man-of-War 2557:In 2010, a species of extinct sperm whale, 1973:dwellers on the shores of the Mediterranean 1971:. Frenchmen, and Danes, and Scots; and the 700: 418: 8604: 8590: 8505: 8491: 8062: 8048: 7635: 7621: 7421:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. 7283:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. 7254: 6546:. National Book Foundation. Archived from 6470:Milder, Robert (1988). "Herman Melville". 6447:"Leviathan: A Journal of Melville Studies" 5960:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. 5798: 5355:Herman Melville, Robert Penn Warren, ed., 4004:Quoted in Kennedy & Kennedy (1978a), 8 1751: 1300:From August 4 to 12, 1850, the Melvilles, 1262:, as seen from Melville's writing desk in 1192:sometimes exactly as if I were here for a 773: 667:Gansevoort also had copies of John Todd's 484:. Part of a well-established and colorful 297:eventually would be considered one of the 31: 8722:19th-century American short story writers 8707:19th-century American non-fiction writers 6899: 6732: 5552: 4701: 4533: 2492:. Subsequent volumes included Melville's 2410:Melville has been useful in the field of 1868:After his use of hyphenated compounds in 1789:his themes. In contrast, the chapters in 1603: 37:Melville depicted in an 1870 portrait by 8897:Writers about activism and social change 7825:Poor Man's Pudding and Rich Man's Crumbs 7304:. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas. 7214: 7103: 6978: 6761: 6718:. New York: Clarkson Potter/Publishers. 6424: 6401: 6358: 6328:. New York: Cambridge University Press. 6206: 6176: 6054: 5951: 5929:. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. 5920: 5645: 5609: 5586: 5574: 5528: 5421: 5392: 5305: 5293: 5148: 5041: 5029: 5017: 5005: 4990: 4978: 4961: 4949: 4937: 4898: 4886: 4869: 4778: 4739: 4587: 4329: 4268: 4178: 4058:Elizabeth Melville's italics. Quoted in 3956: 3544: 3252: 3180: 3054: 2976: 2964: 2731:Billy Budd, Sailor (An Inside Narrative) 2584: 2455:, where Melville lived from 1863 to 1891 2446: 2231:Leviathan: A Journal of Melville Studies 2144: 2136: 1965:Then shall the curse of Babel be revoked 1642: 1623: 1607: 1545: 1250: 1236: 1081: 1073: 795: 777: 444: 422: 370:, and published his last work of prose, 7571:: research articles on Melville's works 7569:Melville's page at Literary Journal.com 7435: 7318: 7082: 7052: 7043: 7021:"Herman Melville at the Albany Academy" 6515: 6501:. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press. 6262: 5841:. New York: William Sloane Associates. 5765: 5368: 4754: 4576: 4145: 2683:Israel Potter: His Fifty Years of Exile 2567:who discovered the fossil were fans of 873:on Johnnycake Hill, where white marble 571:Columbia Grammar and Preparatory School 263:period. Among his best-known works are 8912:Writers from Pittsfield, Massachusetts 8787:American psychological fiction writers 8674: 8014:Herman Melville Memorial Room archives 8004:Herman Melville House (Troy, New York) 7471:Works by Herman Melville in eBook form 7412: 7393: 7371: 7337: 7301:The Civil War World of Herman Melville 7297: 7226: 7189: 7176: 7147: 7130: 6964:. Kent, Ohio: Kent State Univ. Press. 6936: 6866: 6843: 6819: 6660: 6639: 6615: 6590: 6571: 6469: 6323: 6235: 6155:"'Sea monster' whale fossil unearthed" 6043: 5995: 5860: 5674: 5657: 5563: 5516: 5505: 5494: 5407: 5380: 5343: 5281: 5137: 5125: 5113: 5101: 5089: 5077: 5065: 5053: 4857: 4834: 4822: 4802: 4790: 4766: 4727: 4653: 4638: 4626: 4598: 4564: 4478: 4435: 4423: 4411: 4396: 4381: 4369: 4354: 4341: 4256: 4095: 4071: 3944: 3902: 3889: 3877: 3848: 3812: 3777: 3765: 3753: 3741: 3729: 3717: 3705: 3692: 3680: 3668: 3656: 3644: 3632: 3620: 3603: 3591: 3556: 3532: 3517: 3502: 3490: 3478: 3466: 3454: 3442: 3430: 3418: 3406: 3394: 3382: 3370: 3355: 3343: 3319: 3292: 3280: 3265: 3240: 3228: 3216: 3204: 3168: 3155: 3143: 3131: 3102: 3066: 3039: 3024: 3012: 2988: 2952: 2925: 2912: 2901:https://poets.org/poet/herman-melville 2563:, was named in honor of Melville. The 2339: 2181:Studies in Classic American Literature 1988:The American melting pot described in 1293:(1841) from the library of his friend 1241:Melville depicted in an oil painting, 507:(1749–1812), commanded the defense of 435:in New York City. In Melville's novel 8847:Military personnel from New York City 8585: 8486: 8043: 7949:Weeds and Wildings, and a Rose or Two 7616: 7546:Arrowhead—The Home of Herman Melville 7357:. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press. 7352: 7018: 6957: 6457:from the original on November 2, 2016 6342: 6185: 6152: 6127: 6026: 5982: 5829: 5787: 5754:Scott Standard Postage Catalog (2000) 5621: 5483: 5457: 5432: 5331: 5164: 4922: 4910: 4845: 4665: 4515: 4133: 4120: 4083: 3980: 3915: 3331: 3304: 3192: 3090: 3078: 2550:and other works. Melville's house in 2405: 2277:National Endowment for the Humanities 2127:Melville revival and Melville studies 2052: 2017:is imitated at length by Melville in 1674:, was published in 1888, followed by 8877:Schoolteachers from New York (state) 7917:Battle-Pieces and Aspects of the War 7417:Student Companion to Herman Melville 7276: 7001: 6554: 6250:from the original on January 2, 2022 6128:Fritz, Meaghan (November 22, 2017). 6088: 6044:Chapin, Henry (1922). Introduction. 5799:Foundation, Poetry (July 25, 2023). 5776: 5633: 4610: 4156:Fairleigh Dickinson University Press 2738: 2699:Battle-Pieces and Aspects of the War 2442: 1979:; Italians, and Indians, and Moors; 1612:The last known image of Melville, a 1576:Battle Pieces and Aspects of the War 839:'s account in the May 1839 issue of 386:Battle-Pieces and Aspects of the War 16:American writer and poet (1819–1891) 8777:American people of Scottish descent 7584:Guide to Herman Melville collection 7440:. The University of Georgia Press. 7231:. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley. 7190:Wright, Nathalia (September 1987). 7057:. The University of Georgia Press. 6595:and the Dynamics of Canonization". 6140:from the original on March 31, 2019 6033:The Cambridge Companion to Melville 2164:Herman Melville: Mariner and Mystic 1321:Hawthorne's short story collection 1017:. He drew on these experiences for 13: 8867:People from Lansingburgh, New York 8822:Deaths from cardiovascular disease 8702:19th-century American male writers 8351:Bart Simpson's Treehouse of Horror 7565:from his 1856 passport application 7379:. University of California Press. 7229:Herman Melville: A Half Known Life 7208: 6914:10.1111/j.1943-278X.1976.tb00881.x 3849:sharma, Umesh (February 1, 2024). 2691:The Confidence-Man: His Masquerade 2669:The Encantadas, or Enchanted Isles 1713:Melville left a volume of poetry, 1541: 1269:The earliest surviving mention of 618: 317:, his first book, and its sequel, 14: 8928: 8762:American male short story writers 8747:American male non-fiction writers 8009:Arrowhead (Herman Melville House) 7489:Works by or about Herman Melville 7464: 7046:Selected Poems of Herman Melville 6712:Robertson-Lorant, Laurie (1996). 6683: 6557:"The place of law and literature" 6530:from the original on May 25, 2012 6516:Mitgang, Herbert (May 12, 1985). 6495:""Introduction" and "Chronology"" 6136:. Northwestern University Press. 6115:from the original on July 3, 2010 5598: 5357:Selected Poems of Herman Melville 4234:, Greenwood Press, 1986, 176–180. 2473:, was named in Melville's honor. 2301: 673:A Complete History of Connecticut 8772:American people of Dutch descent 8266:Hakugei: Legend of the Moby Dick 7588:L. Tom Perry Special Collections 7556:Physical description of Melville 7505: 7002:Tick, Edward (August 17, 1986). 6591:Parker, Hershel (Winter 1990). " 6497:. In Olsen-Smith, Steven (ed.). 6310:"Elizabeth and Herman (Part II)" 5906:10.1111/j.1750-1849.2009.01340.x 5792: 5716: 5680: 5349: 5157: 4807: 4509: 4456: 4347: 4286: 4249: 4220: 4139: 4126: 4013:Kennedy & Kennedy (1978a), 7 3968:Kennedy & Kennedy (1978a), 6 2868: 2859: 2850: 2841: 2832: 2823: 2814: 2805: 2796: 2657:(1853 unpublished, and now lost) 2598:Typee: A Peep at Polynesian Life 2013:'s sermon. The tradition of the 1746: 499:(1751–1832) participated in the 227: 8862:Novelists from New York (state) 8712:19th-century American novelists 8697:19th-century American essayists 7460:". (Quotation from dust jacket) 7079:". (Quotation from dust jacket) 6367:. Blackwell. pp. 515–531. 6153:Ghosh, Pallah (June 30, 2010). 6000:Melville: The Critical Heritage 5958:A Companion to Melville Studies 5473:National Book Foundation (2018) 5359:(New York: Random House, 1971). 4232:A Companion to Melville Studies 4113: 4052: 4007: 3998: 3962: 3908: 3895: 3842: 3698: 3258: 3161: 2787: 2767: 2754: 2285:The Writings of Herman Melville 2279:, to edit and publish reliable 2205:Starting in the mid-1930s, the 1593:Clarel: A Poem and a Pilgrimage 1513:, which inspired his epic poem 1258:, the highest elevation in the 1062:(1850), Melville's fifth book. 203: 7597:The Herman Melville Collection 7323:. Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock. 7280:A Herman Melville Encyclopedia 6844:Sealts, Merton M. Jr. (1988). 6813:Scott Standard Postage Catalog 6667:A Companion to Herman Melville 6365:A Companion to Herman Melville 6236:Jordan, Tina (April 1, 2019). 2918: 2888: 2745: 2263:organized an alliance between 1957:fulness and mellowness of time 1573:. After the war, he published 1400:1852–1857: Unsuccessful writer 800:Melville's desertion from the 1: 8902:Writers from Albany, New York 7048:. San Francisco: Arion Press. 7027:(42): 1, 4–10. Archived from 6089:Fang, Janet (June 30, 2010). 4154:. Madison and Teaneck, N.J.: 2265:Northwestern University Press 1242: 644:Intermittent work and studies 580:, in 1830 and going into the 450: 8857:Novelists from Massachusetts 8732:American adventure novelists 8400:Moby Dick and Mighty Mightor 8358:The Call of the Wretched Sea 8019:Herman Melville bibliography 7534:Melville's Marginalia Online 7319:Johnson, Bradley A. (2011). 7019:Titus, David K. (May 1980). 6493:Olsen-Smith, Steven (2015). 6177:Hardwick, Elizabeth (2000). 6062:Melville, His World and Work 5996:Branch, Watson, ed. (1974). 5801:"Tonight by Agha Shahid Ali" 2881: 2865:Use of compound prepositions 2591:Herman Melville bibliography 2322:" offers "an exploration of 2295:Herman Melville: A Biography 1967:, a new Pentecost come, and 1070:1845–1850: Successful writer 309:, but he jumped ship in the 7: 8872:Poets from New York (state) 8727:19th-century travel writers 8717:19th-century American poets 7933:John Marr and Other Sailors 7710:Pierre; or, The Ambiguities 7504:(public domain audiobooks) 7436:Wallace, Robert K. (1992). 7249:Melville at Sea (1840-1846) 7181:Melville's Use of the Bible 7083:Wallace, Robert K. (2005). 7053:Wallace, Robert K. (1992). 6937:Spanos, William V. (2009). 6823:(1987). "Historical Note". 6544:"National Book Awards 1951" 6047:John Marr & Other Poems 6031:. In Levine, Robert (ed.). 5444:The Melville Society (2017) 2715:John Marr and Other Sailors 2646:Pierre; or, The Ambiguities 2614:Mardi: and a Voyage Thither 2273:Modern Language Association 1904:Style and literary allusion 1671:John Marr and Other Sailors 1520:During the tour he visited 1412:Pierre: or, The Ambiguities 1009:. He then spent a month as 355:Pierre: or, The Ambiguities 285:, a posthumously published 10: 8933: 8907:Writers from New York City 8887:United States Navy sailors 8767:American people in whaling 8447:Green Shadows, White Whale 7579:Collecting Herman Melville 7394:Renker, Elizabeth (1998). 7104:Weisberg, Richard (1984). 6983:New England Men of Letters 6661:Person, Leland S. (2006). 6359:Marovitz, Sanford (2007). 6354:. New York: Gordian Press. 5952:Bezanson, Walter (1986). " 5921:Berthoff, Warner (1972) . 2726:(1891) (poetry collection) 2718:(1888) (poetry collection) 2702:(1866) (poetry collection) 2588: 2537:New Bedford, Massachusetts 2535:was the Whaling Museum in 2130: 1113:An unsigned review in the 493:American Revolutionary War 433:Metropolitan Museum of Art 8917:Writers of Gothic fiction 8882:The Albany Academy alumni 8638:(1949 play; revised 1951) 8626: 8560: 8525: 8420: 8372:Dopey Dick the Pink Whale 8335: 8292: 8241: 8182: 8173: 8150: 8132: 8084: 7996: 7977: 7959: 7908: 7883: 7809: 7751: 7744: 7653: 7526:Scholarly site hosted at 7215:Berthold, Dennis (2012). 7198:(70): 1–4. Archived from 7196:Melville Society Extracts 7177:Wright, Nathalia (1949). 7025:Melville Society Extracts 6979:Sullivan, Wilson (1972). 6902:Suicide Life Threat Behav 6764:Literature and Psychology 6669:. John Wiley & Sons. 6433:. New York: Grove Press. 6425:Melville, Herman (1957). 6317:Melville Society Extracts 6301:Melville Society Extracts 6265:The New England Quarterly 6186:Horth, Lynn, ed. (1993). 5823:General and cited sources 2773:On the surviving list of 2760:This would have been the 2622:Redburn: His First Voyage 2504:, published in 1983, and 2429: 2353:, and the protagonist in 2292:published his two-volume 2256:for non-fiction in 1951. 2227:Melville Society Extracts 2089:John Marr and Other Poems 2061: 1458:Putnam's Monthly Magazine 1314:Pittsfield, Massachusetts 1230:1850–1851: Hawthorne and 1092:Pittsfield, Massachusetts 832:Two Years Before the Mast 819:Redburn: His First Voyage 748:Richard Brinsley Sheridan 226: 221: 213: 187: 177: 147: 132: 96: 81: 67: 45: 30: 23: 8165:Fast-Fish and Loose-Fish 7968:Hawthorne and His Mosses 7592:Brigham Young University 7498:Works by Herman Melville 7480:Works by Herman Melville 7298:Garner, Stanton (1993). 7277:Gale, Robert L. (1995). 6958:Spark, Clare L. (2006). 6665:. In Kelley, Wyn (ed.). 6640:Parker, Hershel (2002). 6574:Moby-Dick, or, the Whale 6453:. The Melville Society. 6363:. In Kelley, Wyn (ed.). 6027:Buell, Lawrence (1998). 4150:The Carlyle Encyclopedia 2903:, retrieved 14 July 2023 2638:Moby-Dick; or, The Whale 2416:Fast-Fish and Loose-Fish 2271:, with backing from the 1662:New York Society Library 1534:. This novel, subtitled 1524:, a Christian farm near 1329:Hawthorne and His Mosses 1324:Mosses from an Old Manse 880:On January 3, 1841, the 863:Fairhaven, Massachusetts 701:Work as a school teacher 460:, now on display at the 419:Early life and education 8792:American travel writers 8752:American male novelists 8742:American male essayists 8518:Bartleby, the Scrivener 8470:In the Heart of the Sea 8462:In the Heart of the Sea 7772:Bartleby, the Scrivener 7602:August 1, 2020, at the 7413:Talley, Sharon (2007). 7044:Vendler, Helen (1995). 6873:Modern Language Studies 6735:Modern Language Studies 5925:The Example of Melville 4793:, Kindle Location 32027 4713:Robertson-Lorant (1996) 4690:Robertson-Lorant (1996) 4504:Robertson-Lorant (1996) 4464:Robertson-Lorant (1996) 4451:Robertson-Lorant (1996) 4318:Robertson-Lorant (1996) 4306:Robertson-Lorant (1996) 4294:Robertson-Lorant (1996) 4281:Robertson-Lorant (1996) 4244:Robertson-Lorant (1996) 4215:Robertson-Lorant (1996) 4203:Robertson-Lorant (1996) 4191:Robertson-Lorant (1996) 4108:Robertson-Lorant (1996) 4060:Robertson-Lorant (1996) 4047:Robertson-Lorant (1996) 3993:Robertson-Lorant (1996) 3837:Robertson-Lorant (1996) 3493:, pp. 126, 128–129 3115:Robertson-Lorant (1996) 3001:Robertson-Lorant (1996) 2941:Robertson-Lorant (1996) 2662:Bartleby, the Scrivener 2211:Stanley Thomas Williams 1752:General narrative style 1480:Bartleby, the Scrivener 1374:The Grandfather's Chair 1160:Nathaniel Parker Willis 774:1839–1844: Years at sea 756:Samuel Taylor Coleridge 462:National Gallery of Art 364:Bartleby, the Scrivener 8782:American Presbyterians 7884:Published posthumously 7131:Wilson, Scott (2016). 6987:. New York: Atheneum. 6663:"Gender and sexuality" 6593:Billy Budd, Foretopman 6555:Page, William (1986). 6361:"The Melville Revival" 6294:"Elizabeth and Herman" 6181:. Penguin. p. 65. 5983:Bowen, Merlin (1960). 5700:. 2008. Archived from 5371:, Introduction, p. xxv 4656:, pp. 624 and 608 4492:The English Notebooks, 3469:, pp. 112 and 124 2924:Genealogical chart in 2664:" (1853) (short story) 2552:Lansingburgh, New York 2456: 2377: 2364: 2344: 2150: 2142: 1998: 1895: 1856: 1656: 1640: 1621: 1604:1877–1891: Final years 1551: 1431: 1281:, borrowing copies of 1275:Richard Henry Dana Jr. 1266: 1248: 1129: 1094: 1079: 944:". On November 2, the 905:Juan Fernández Islands 827:Richard Henry Dana Jr. 805: 793: 604: 464: 442: 413:cardiovascular disease 8892:Van Rensselaer family 8569:Bartleby en coulisses 8258:Moby Dick - Rehearsed 7786:The Lightning-Rod Man 7561:May 14, 2010, at the 7353:Levin, Harry (1980). 7227:Bryant, John (2021). 6821:Sealts, Merton M. Jr. 6789:10.1353/bio.2010.0651 6715:Melville: A Biography 6561:Vanderbilt Law Review 6221:10.1353/esq.2014.0004 6109:10.1038/news.2010.322 5861:Bercaw, Mary (1987). 4601:, pp. xvii–xviii 4535:10.1353/stn.2004.0018 4516:Perry, Yaron (2004). 4226:Walter E. Bezanson, " 3825:Bercaw Edwards (2009) 2897:About Herman Melville 2820:Genitive of attribute 2585:Selected bibliography 2450: 2372: 2359: 2331: 2316:gay and queer studies 2275:and funding from the 2148: 2140: 1948: 1891: 1851: 1737:critical reading text 1646: 1627: 1611: 1549: 1423: 1387:On October 18, 1851, 1306:Oliver Wendell Holmes 1254: 1240: 1124: 1085: 1077: 903:, and on May 7, near 799: 781: 689:James Fenimore Cooper 599: 511:in New York in 1777. 467:Melville was born in 448: 426: 299:great American novels 8572:(French documentary) 7874:The Apple-Tree Table 7608:the Newberry Library 7513:The Melville Society 7202:on October 24, 2014. 6550:on October 28, 2018. 5728:article on Melville" 5692:article on Melville" 4158:. pp. 316–317. 3146:, pp. 35 and 38 3093:, pp. 16 and 18 2943:, pp. 14, 28–29 837:Jeremiah N. Reynolds 482:Sailors' Snug Harbor 431:, now housed at the 261:American Renaissance 193:Elizabeth Knapp Shaw 8842:Metaphysics writers 8797:American Unitarians 8757:American male poets 8301:Moby Dick—Rehearsed 7262:. Permanent Press. 7260:The Handsome Sailor 7150:American Literature 7014:on October 5, 2019. 6451:melvillesociety.org 6093:Leviathan melvillei 6066:. New York: Knopf. 6029:"Melville The Poet" 5851:May be borrowed at 5068:, p. 196 n. 59 4132:Herman Melville in 4119:Herman Melville in 4035:KennedyKennedy1978b 4023:KennedyKennedy1978b 3855:everydayshayari.com 2529:U.S. Postal Service 2397:from a dead whale. 2254:National Book Award 1977:regions round about 1961:children's children 1953:God's good pleasure 1368:gave him copies of 1318:Nathaniel Hawthorne 1119:Nathaniel Hawthorne 1029:Charles & Henry 1003:Calabooza Beretanee 736:William Shakespeare 591:The London Carcanet 156:captivity narrative 77:New York City, U.S. 8737:American lecturers 8344:Age of the Dragons 8218:(1971; unfinished) 7952:(1924, posthumous) 7818:Cock-A-Doodle-Doo! 7737:(1924, posthumous) 7726:The Confidence-Man 7528:Hofstra University 7243:2 vols. Volume I: 7008:The New York Times 6848:Melville's Reading 6693:Vermont Law Review 6597:College Literature 6523:The New York Times 6391:Matthiessen, F. O. 6244:The New York Times 5865:Melville's Sources 5648:, pp. 145–153 5624:, pp. 217–218 5612:, chapters 8 and 9 5318:Scharnhorst (1983) 5267:Matthiessen (1941) 5257:, pp. 430–431 5255:Matthiessen (1941) 5243:Matthiessen (1941) 5233:, pp. 428–429 5231:Matthiessen (1941) 5219:Matthiessen (1941) 5204:Matthiessen (1941) 5192:Matthiessen (1941) 5180:Matthiessen (1941) 5128:, pp. 145–146 5116:, pp. 139–141 5104:, pp. 196–197 5044:, pp. 173–175 4715:, pp. 505–507 4678:Olsen-Smith (2015) 4506:, pp. 375–400 4399:, pp. 131–132 4372:, pp. 482–483 4344:, pp. 870–871 4308:, pp. 266–267 4217:, pp. 247–252 3928:Olsen-Smith (2015) 3780:, pp. 210–211 3720:, pp. 200–201 3695:, pp. 196–199 3659:, pp. 190–191 3594:, pp. 176–178 3580:Olsen-Smith (2015) 3505:, pp. 136–137 3433:, pp. 108–109 3385:, pp. 674–675 2928:, pp. 926–929 2710:(1876) (epic poem) 2678:" (1855) (novella) 2671:" (1854) (novella) 2560:Livyatan melvillei 2533:first day of issue 2514:The Confidence-Man 2478:Library of America 2467:Melville, New York 2457: 2412:law and literature 2406:Law and literature 2172:The American Novel 2151: 2143: 2093:Robert Penn Warren 2082:The Confidence Man 2053:Critical reception 2019:The Confidence-Man 2009:, most notably in 1915:The Confidence-Man 1882:The Confidence-Man 1799:The Confidence-Man 1715:Weeds and Wildings 1696:The New York Times 1657: 1641: 1630:The New York Times 1622: 1618:George G. Rockwood 1571:American Civil War 1552: 1531:The Confidence-Man 1495:The Confidence-Man 1372:and, for Malcolm, 1333:The Literary World 1267: 1249: 1182:Province of Canada 1095: 1080: 806: 794: 792:, pictured in 1846 768:The Arabian Nights 651:The Albany Academy 586:The Albany Academy 584:. Herman attended 465: 443: 391:American Civil War 373:The Confidence-Man 282:Billy Budd, Sailor 164:gothic romanticism 137:The Albany Academy 107:short story writer 71:September 28, 1891 39:Joseph Oriel Eaton 8832:Gansevoort family 8669: 8668: 8579: 8578: 8480: 8479: 8416: 8415: 8037: 8036: 7986:Isle of the Cross 7904: 7903: 7832:The Happy Failure 7484:Project Gutenberg 7428:978-0-313-33499-3 7405:978-0-8018-5875-8 7377:Melville's Bibles 7347:. pp. 46–51. 7330:978-1-61097-341-0 7311:978-0-7006-0602-3 7256:Duberstein, Larry 7004:"Melville Ashore" 6950:978-0-7914-7563-8 6725:978-0-517-59314-1 6684:Piety, Tamara R. 6653:978-0-8018-8186-2 6632:978-0-8018-5428-6 6508:978-1-60938-333-6 6073:978-0-375-40314-9 5967:978-0-313-23874-1 5805:Poetry Foundation 5704:on March 16, 2008 4522:Steinbeck Studies 4165:978-0-8386-3792-0 2779:Original list of 2739:Explanatory notes 2654:Isle of the Cross 2443:Legacy and honors 2190:The Double Dealer 1780:Some chapters of 1691:, New York City. 1685:Woodlawn Cemetery 1649:Woodlawn Cemetery 1585:Chester A. Arthur 1441:Isle of the Cross 1436:Isle of the Cross 1213:In October 1849, 1205:was published by 972:Herald the Second 895:On April 15, the 855:quarter galleries 842:The Knickerbocker 784:Marquesas Islands 715:Albany Microscope 429:John Rubens Smith 378:customs inspector 311:Marquesas Islands 235: 234: 178:Literary movement 124:customs inspector 86:Woodlawn Cemetery 8924: 8837:Maritime writers 8817:Customs officers 8606: 8599: 8592: 8583: 8582: 8507: 8500: 8493: 8484: 8483: 8180: 8179: 8153:special subjects 8064: 8057: 8050: 8041: 8040: 8029:Melville Glacier 7867:I and My Chimney 7754:The Piazza Tales 7749: 7748: 7637: 7630: 7623: 7614: 7613: 7551:Obituary Notices 7509: 7508: 7493:Internet Archive 7451: 7432: 7420: 7409: 7390: 7368: 7348: 7334: 7315: 7294: 7273: 7242: 7222: 7203: 7186: 7184: 7173: 7144: 7127: 7100: 7068: 7049: 7040: 7038: 7036: 7031:on March 3, 2016 7015: 7010:. Archived from 6998: 6986: 6975: 6954: 6933: 6896: 6863: 6851: 6840: 6816: 6808: 6771: 6758: 6729: 6708: 6706: 6704: 6699:(33): 33, 37, 39 6690: 6680: 6657: 6636: 6612: 6587: 6568: 6551: 6539: 6537: 6535: 6512: 6489: 6477: 6466: 6464: 6462: 6442: 6432: 6421: 6409: 6398: 6386: 6355: 6353: 6339: 6320: 6314: 6304: 6298: 6288: 6259: 6257: 6255: 6241: 6232: 6203: 6182: 6173: 6171: 6169: 6149: 6147: 6145: 6134:Incidental Noyes 6124: 6122: 6120: 6085: 6065: 6056:Delbanco, Andrew 6051: 6040: 6039:on May 12, 2016. 6023: 6003: 5992: 5990: 5979: 5948: 5928: 5917: 5888: 5868: 5853:Internet Archive 5850: 5840: 5816: 5815: 5813: 5811: 5796: 5790: 5785: 5779: 5774: 5768: 5763: 5757: 5751: 5745: 5744: 5742: 5740: 5733:Hartford Courant 5726:Hartford Courant 5720: 5714: 5713: 5711: 5709: 5684: 5678: 5672: 5661: 5655: 5649: 5643: 5637: 5631: 5625: 5619: 5613: 5607: 5601: 5596: 5590: 5584: 5578: 5572: 5566: 5561: 5555: 5553:Rosenberg (1984) 5550: 5531: 5526: 5520: 5519:, pp. 231ff 5514: 5508: 5503: 5497: 5492: 5486: 5481: 5475: 5470: 5464: 5455: 5446: 5441: 5435: 5430: 5424: 5419: 5410: 5405: 5399: 5390: 5384: 5378: 5372: 5366: 5360: 5353: 5347: 5341: 5335: 5329: 5320: 5315: 5309: 5303: 5297: 5291: 5285: 5279: 5270: 5264: 5258: 5252: 5246: 5245:, pp. 425ff 5240: 5234: 5228: 5222: 5216: 5207: 5201: 5195: 5189: 5183: 5177: 5168: 5161: 5155: 5146: 5140: 5135: 5129: 5123: 5117: 5111: 5105: 5099: 5093: 5087: 5081: 5075: 5069: 5063: 5057: 5051: 5045: 5039: 5033: 5027: 5021: 5015: 5009: 5003: 4994: 4988: 4982: 4976: 4965: 4959: 4953: 4947: 4941: 4935: 4926: 4920: 4914: 4908: 4902: 4896: 4890: 4884: 4873: 4867: 4861: 4855: 4849: 4843: 4837: 4832: 4826: 4820: 4814: 4811: 4805: 4800: 4794: 4788: 4782: 4776: 4770: 4764: 4758: 4752: 4743: 4737: 4731: 4725: 4716: 4710: 4704: 4702:Shneidman (1976) 4699: 4693: 4687: 4681: 4675: 4669: 4663: 4657: 4651: 4645: 4636: 4630: 4624: 4613: 4608: 4602: 4596: 4590: 4585: 4579: 4574: 4568: 4567:, pp. 369ff 4562: 4556: 4555: 4537: 4513: 4507: 4501: 4495: 4488: 4482: 4476: 4467: 4460: 4454: 4448: 4439: 4433: 4427: 4421: 4415: 4409: 4400: 4394: 4388: 4379: 4373: 4367: 4361: 4351: 4345: 4339: 4333: 4327: 4321: 4315: 4309: 4303: 4297: 4290: 4284: 4278: 4272: 4266: 4260: 4253: 4247: 4241: 4235: 4224: 4218: 4212: 4206: 4200: 4194: 4188: 4182: 4176: 4170: 4169: 4153: 4143: 4137: 4130: 4124: 4117: 4111: 4105: 4099: 4093: 4087: 4081: 4075: 4069: 4063: 4056: 4050: 4044: 4038: 4032: 4026: 4020: 4014: 4011: 4005: 4002: 3996: 3990: 3984: 3978: 3969: 3966: 3960: 3954: 3948: 3942: 3931: 3925: 3919: 3912: 3906: 3905:, pp. 67–68 3899: 3893: 3887: 3881: 3875: 3866: 3865: 3863: 3861: 3846: 3840: 3834: 3828: 3822: 3816: 3810: 3781: 3775: 3769: 3763: 3757: 3751: 3745: 3739: 3733: 3727: 3721: 3715: 3709: 3702: 3696: 3690: 3684: 3678: 3672: 3666: 3660: 3654: 3648: 3642: 3636: 3630: 3624: 3618: 3607: 3601: 3595: 3589: 3583: 3577: 3560: 3554: 3548: 3542: 3536: 3530: 3521: 3515: 3506: 3500: 3494: 3488: 3482: 3476: 3470: 3464: 3458: 3452: 3446: 3440: 3434: 3428: 3422: 3416: 3410: 3404: 3398: 3392: 3386: 3380: 3374: 3368: 3359: 3353: 3347: 3346:, pp. 76–78 3341: 3335: 3329: 3323: 3317: 3308: 3307:, pp. 31–35 3302: 3296: 3290: 3284: 3278: 3269: 3262: 3256: 3250: 3244: 3243:, pp. 56–57 3238: 3232: 3226: 3220: 3214: 3208: 3202: 3196: 3190: 3184: 3178: 3172: 3165: 3159: 3158:, pp. 38–39 3153: 3147: 3141: 3135: 3129: 3118: 3112: 3106: 3100: 3094: 3088: 3082: 3076: 3070: 3064: 3058: 3052: 3043: 3037: 3028: 3022: 3016: 3010: 3004: 2998: 2992: 2986: 2980: 2974: 2968: 2962: 2956: 2950: 2944: 2938: 2929: 2922: 2916: 2910: 2904: 2892: 2875: 2872: 2866: 2863: 2857: 2854: 2848: 2845: 2839: 2836: 2830: 2827: 2821: 2818: 2812: 2809: 2803: 2800: 2794: 2791: 2785: 2771: 2765: 2758: 2752: 2749: 2342: 2269:Newberry Library 2261:Harrison Hayford 2252:(1950), won the 2220:The Melville Log 2186:Carl Van Vechten 2149:Melville in 1868 2141:Melville in 1860 2133:Melville Society 1996: 1994: 1923:King James Bible 1899: 1864: 1733:Merton M. Sealts 1729:Harrison Hayford 1701: 1635: 1550:Melville in 1861 1475:The Piazza Tales 1370:Twice-Told Tales 1247: 1244: 1115:Salem Advertiser 1086:Melville's home 1041:Hawaiian Islands 1023:, the sequel to 578:Albany, New York 505:Peter Gansevoort 501:Boston Tea Party 455: 452: 291:Melville revival 231: 207: 205: 160:nautical fiction 141:Albany, New York 74: 57: 55: 35: 21: 20: 8932: 8931: 8927: 8926: 8925: 8923: 8922: 8921: 8682:Herman Melville 8672: 8671: 8670: 8665: 8622: 8613:Herman Melville 8610: 8580: 8575: 8556: 8521: 8514:Herman Melville 8511: 8481: 8476: 8412: 8365:Capitaine Achab 8331: 8288: 8237: 8169: 8152: 8146: 8128: 8080: 8071:Herman Melville 8068: 8038: 8033: 8024:Melville crater 7992: 7973: 7955: 7900: 7892:The Two Temples 7879: 7805: 7740: 7649: 7644:Herman Melville 7641: 7604:Wayback Machine 7563:Wayback Machine 7506: 7475:Standard Ebooks 7467: 7454:J. M. W. Turner 7448: 7429: 7406: 7387: 7365: 7331: 7312: 7291: 7270: 7239: 7218:Herman Melville 7211: 7209:Further reading 7206: 7162:10.2307/2920476 7116: 7097: 7071:J. M. W. Turner 7065: 7034: 7032: 6995: 6972: 6951: 6885:10.2307/3195291 6860: 6837: 6747:10.2307/3194508 6726: 6702: 6700: 6688: 6677: 6654: 6633: 6617:Parker, Hershel 6584: 6533: 6531: 6509: 6486: 6460: 6458: 6418: 6375: 6336: 6312: 6296: 6253: 6251: 6200: 6179:Herman Melville 6167: 6165: 6143: 6141: 6118: 6116: 6074: 6012: 5968: 5937: 5877: 5837:Herman Melville 5825: 5820: 5819: 5809: 5807: 5797: 5793: 5786: 5782: 5775: 5771: 5764: 5760: 5752: 5748: 5738: 5736: 5722: 5721: 5717: 5707: 5705: 5686: 5685: 5681: 5673: 5664: 5656: 5652: 5646:Weisberg (1984) 5644: 5640: 5632: 5628: 5620: 5616: 5610:Weisberg (1984) 5608: 5604: 5597: 5593: 5587:Melville (1957) 5585: 5581: 5575:Melville (1973) 5573: 5569: 5562: 5558: 5551: 5534: 5529:Sandberg (1968) 5527: 5523: 5515: 5511: 5504: 5500: 5493: 5489: 5482: 5478: 5471: 5467: 5456: 5449: 5442: 5438: 5431: 5427: 5422:Marovitz (2007) 5420: 5413: 5406: 5402: 5393:Marovitz (2007) 5391: 5387: 5379: 5375: 5367: 5363: 5354: 5350: 5342: 5338: 5330: 5323: 5316: 5312: 5306:Delbanco (2005) 5304: 5300: 5294:Delbanco (2005) 5292: 5288: 5280: 5273: 5265: 5261: 5253: 5249: 5241: 5237: 5229: 5225: 5217: 5210: 5202: 5198: 5190: 5186: 5178: 5171: 5162: 5158: 5149:Delbanco (2005) 5147: 5143: 5136: 5132: 5124: 5120: 5112: 5108: 5100: 5096: 5088: 5084: 5076: 5072: 5064: 5060: 5052: 5048: 5042:Berthoff (1962) 5040: 5036: 5030:Berthoff (1962) 5028: 5024: 5018:Berthoff (1962) 5016: 5012: 5006:Berthoff (1962) 5004: 4997: 4991:Berthoff (1962) 4989: 4985: 4979:Berthoff (1962) 4977: 4968: 4962:Berthoff (1962) 4960: 4956: 4950:Berthoff (1962) 4948: 4944: 4938:Bezanson (1986) 4936: 4929: 4921: 4917: 4909: 4905: 4899:Berthoff (1962) 4897: 4893: 4887:Berthoff (1962) 4885: 4876: 4870:Berthoff (1962) 4868: 4864: 4856: 4852: 4844: 4840: 4833: 4829: 4821: 4817: 4812: 4808: 4801: 4797: 4789: 4785: 4779:Delbanco (2005) 4777: 4773: 4765: 4761: 4753: 4746: 4740:Delbanco (2005) 4738: 4734: 4726: 4719: 4711: 4707: 4700: 4696: 4688: 4684: 4680:, p. xviii 4676: 4672: 4664: 4660: 4652: 4648: 4637: 4633: 4629:, p. xviii 4625: 4616: 4609: 4605: 4597: 4593: 4588:Hutchins (2014) 4586: 4582: 4575: 4571: 4563: 4559: 4514: 4510: 4502: 4498: 4489: 4485: 4477: 4470: 4461: 4457: 4449: 4442: 4434: 4430: 4422: 4418: 4410: 4403: 4395: 4391: 4380: 4376: 4368: 4364: 4352: 4348: 4340: 4336: 4330:Bezanson (1986) 4328: 4324: 4316: 4312: 4304: 4300: 4291: 4287: 4279: 4275: 4269:Delbanco (2005) 4267: 4263: 4254: 4250: 4242: 4238: 4225: 4221: 4213: 4209: 4201: 4197: 4189: 4185: 4179:Delbanco (2005) 4177: 4173: 4166: 4144: 4140: 4131: 4127: 4118: 4114: 4106: 4102: 4094: 4090: 4082: 4078: 4070: 4066: 4057: 4053: 4045: 4041: 4033: 4029: 4021: 4017: 4012: 4008: 4003: 3999: 3991: 3987: 3979: 3972: 3967: 3963: 3957:Delbanco (2005) 3955: 3951: 3943: 3934: 3926: 3922: 3913: 3909: 3900: 3896: 3888: 3884: 3876: 3869: 3859: 3857: 3847: 3843: 3835: 3831: 3823: 3819: 3811: 3784: 3776: 3772: 3764: 3760: 3752: 3748: 3740: 3736: 3728: 3724: 3716: 3712: 3703: 3699: 3691: 3687: 3679: 3675: 3667: 3663: 3655: 3651: 3643: 3639: 3631: 3627: 3619: 3610: 3602: 3598: 3590: 3586: 3578: 3563: 3555: 3551: 3545:Delbanco (2005) 3543: 3539: 3531: 3524: 3516: 3509: 3501: 3497: 3489: 3485: 3477: 3473: 3465: 3461: 3453: 3449: 3441: 3437: 3429: 3425: 3417: 3413: 3405: 3401: 3393: 3389: 3381: 3377: 3369: 3362: 3354: 3350: 3342: 3338: 3330: 3326: 3318: 3311: 3303: 3299: 3291: 3287: 3279: 3272: 3263: 3259: 3253:Delbanco (2005) 3251: 3247: 3239: 3235: 3227: 3223: 3215: 3211: 3203: 3199: 3195:, pp. 4–10 3191: 3187: 3181:Sullivan (1972) 3179: 3175: 3166: 3162: 3154: 3150: 3142: 3138: 3130: 3121: 3113: 3109: 3101: 3097: 3089: 3085: 3077: 3073: 3065: 3061: 3055:Delbanco (2005) 3053: 3046: 3038: 3031: 3023: 3019: 3011: 3007: 2999: 2995: 2987: 2983: 2977:Delbanco (2005) 2975: 2971: 2965:Delbanco (2005) 2963: 2959: 2951: 2947: 2939: 2932: 2923: 2919: 2911: 2907: 2893: 2889: 2884: 2879: 2878: 2873: 2869: 2864: 2860: 2855: 2851: 2846: 2842: 2837: 2833: 2828: 2824: 2819: 2815: 2810: 2806: 2801: 2797: 2792: 2788: 2772: 2768: 2762:Statenvertaling 2759: 2755: 2750: 2746: 2741: 2593: 2587: 2575:Agha Shahid Ali 2565:paleontologists 2445: 2432: 2414:. The chapter " 2408: 2343: 2338: 2314:and especially 2308:women's studies 2304: 2250:Herman Melville 2246:Call Me Ishmael 2207:Yale University 2199:Herman Melville 2135: 2129: 2064: 2055: 1997: 1992: 1987: 1906: 1901: 1897: 1866: 1858: 1846:Warner Berthoff 1842:Walter Bezanson 1754: 1749: 1699: 1655:, New York City 1633: 1606: 1544: 1542:1857–1876: Poet 1493:The writing of 1490:was published. 1407:Richard Bentley 1402: 1337:Walter Bezanson 1295:Evert Duyckinck 1284:Sartor Resartus 1245: 1235: 1207:Richard Bentley 1199:In March 1848, 1072: 1043:, in May 1843. 871:Seamen's Bethel 786:and is Toby in 776: 703: 646: 621: 619:Work as a clerk 559:Bleecker Street 543:Andrew Delbanco 523:version of the 453: 421: 238:Herman Melville 209: 206: 1847) 201: 197: 194: 128: 92:, New York City 76: 72: 59: 53: 51: 50: 41: 26: 25:Herman Melville 17: 12: 11: 5: 8930: 8920: 8919: 8914: 8909: 8904: 8899: 8894: 8889: 8884: 8879: 8874: 8869: 8864: 8859: 8854: 8849: 8844: 8839: 8834: 8829: 8824: 8819: 8814: 8809: 8804: 8799: 8794: 8789: 8784: 8779: 8774: 8769: 8764: 8759: 8754: 8749: 8744: 8739: 8734: 8729: 8724: 8719: 8714: 8709: 8704: 8699: 8694: 8689: 8684: 8667: 8666: 8664: 8663: 8655: 8647: 8639: 8630: 8628: 8624: 8623: 8609: 8608: 8601: 8594: 8586: 8577: 8576: 8574: 8573: 8564: 8562: 8558: 8557: 8555: 8554: 8546: 8538: 8529: 8527: 8523: 8522: 8510: 8509: 8502: 8495: 8487: 8478: 8477: 8475: 8474: 8466: 8458: 8450: 8443: 8435: 8430: 8428:Moby Dick Coin 8424: 8422: 8418: 8417: 8414: 8413: 8411: 8410: 8403: 8396: 8389: 8382: 8375: 8368: 8361: 8354: 8347: 8339: 8337: 8333: 8332: 8330: 8329: 8328:(2019 musical) 8321: 8313: 8312:(1990 musical) 8305: 8296: 8294: 8290: 8289: 8287: 8286: 8278: 8270: 8262: 8254: 8245: 8243: 8239: 8238: 8236: 8235: 8227: 8219: 8211: 8203: 8195: 8186: 8184: 8177: 8171: 8170: 8168: 8167: 8162: 8156: 8154: 8148: 8147: 8145: 8144: 8136: 8134: 8130: 8129: 8127: 8126: 8121: 8116: 8111: 8106: 8101: 8096: 8090: 8088: 8082: 8081: 8067: 8066: 8059: 8052: 8044: 8035: 8034: 8032: 8031: 8026: 8021: 8016: 8011: 8006: 8000: 7998: 7994: 7993: 7991: 7990: 7981: 7979: 7975: 7974: 7972: 7971: 7963: 7961: 7957: 7956: 7954: 7953: 7945: 7937: 7929: 7921: 7912: 7910: 7906: 7905: 7902: 7901: 7899: 7898: 7895: 7887: 7885: 7881: 7880: 7878: 7877: 7870: 7863: 7856: 7849: 7842: 7835: 7828: 7821: 7813: 7811: 7807: 7806: 7804: 7803: 7800:The Bell-Tower 7796: 7793:The Encantadas 7789: 7782: 7775: 7768: 7760: 7758: 7746: 7742: 7741: 7739: 7738: 7730: 7722: 7714: 7706: 7698: 7690: 7682: 7674: 7666: 7657: 7655: 7651: 7650: 7640: 7639: 7632: 7625: 7617: 7611: 7610: 7594: 7581: 7572: 7566: 7553: 7548: 7543: 7537: 7531: 7521: 7515: 7510: 7495: 7486: 7477: 7466: 7465:External links 7463: 7462: 7461: 7446: 7433: 7427: 7410: 7404: 7391: 7385: 7369: 7363: 7350: 7344:The New Yorker 7335: 7329: 7316: 7310: 7295: 7289: 7274: 7269:978-1579620073 7268: 7252: 7247:. Volume II: 7237: 7224: 7210: 7207: 7205: 7204: 7187: 7174: 7156:(2): 185–199. 7145: 7128: 7114: 7101: 7096:978-0932027917 7095: 7080: 7063: 7050: 7041: 7016: 6999: 6993: 6976: 6971:978-0873388887 6970: 6955: 6949: 6943:. SUNY Press. 6934: 6908:(4): 231–242. 6897: 6864: 6858: 6841: 6835: 6817: 6809: 6783:(2): 136–147. 6772: 6759: 6730: 6724: 6709: 6681: 6675: 6658: 6652: 6637: 6631: 6613: 6588: 6582: 6569: 6552: 6540: 6513: 6507: 6490: 6484: 6467: 6443: 6422: 6416: 6399: 6387: 6373: 6356: 6340: 6335:978-1107470422 6334: 6321: 6305: 6289: 6277:10.2307/364707 6271:(1): 125–137. 6260: 6233: 6204: 6198: 6189:Correspondence 6183: 6174: 6150: 6125: 6086: 6072: 6052: 6041: 6024: 6010: 5993: 5980: 5966: 5949: 5935: 5918: 5889: 5875: 5858: 5826: 5824: 5821: 5818: 5817: 5791: 5780: 5769: 5766:Mitgang (1985) 5758: 5746: 5715: 5679: 5662: 5650: 5638: 5626: 5614: 5602: 5591: 5579: 5567: 5556: 5532: 5521: 5509: 5498: 5487: 5476: 5465: 5447: 5436: 5425: 5411: 5400: 5385: 5373: 5369:Vendler (1995) 5361: 5348: 5346:, Introduction 5336: 5321: 5310: 5298: 5286: 5271: 5259: 5247: 5235: 5223: 5208: 5196: 5184: 5169: 5156: 5141: 5130: 5118: 5106: 5094: 5082: 5070: 5058: 5046: 5034: 5022: 5010: 4995: 4983: 4966: 4954: 4942: 4927: 4915: 4903: 4891: 4874: 4862: 4850: 4838: 4827: 4815: 4806: 4795: 4783: 4771: 4759: 4755:Wallace (2005) 4744: 4732: 4717: 4705: 4694: 4692:, pp. 534 4682: 4670: 4658: 4646: 4631: 4614: 4603: 4591: 4580: 4577:Kennedy (1977) 4569: 4557: 4508: 4496: 4483: 4481:, p. xvii 4468: 4455: 4440: 4428: 4416: 4401: 4389: 4374: 4362: 4346: 4334: 4322: 4310: 4298: 4285: 4273: 4261: 4248: 4236: 4219: 4207: 4195: 4183: 4171: 4164: 4138: 4125: 4112: 4100: 4088: 4076: 4064: 4051: 4039: 4027: 4015: 4006: 3997: 3985: 3970: 3961: 3949: 3932: 3930:, p. xiii 3920: 3907: 3894: 3882: 3867: 3841: 3829: 3817: 3782: 3770: 3758: 3746: 3734: 3722: 3710: 3697: 3685: 3673: 3661: 3649: 3637: 3625: 3608: 3596: 3584: 3582:, p. xliv 3561: 3549: 3537: 3522: 3507: 3495: 3483: 3471: 3459: 3447: 3435: 3423: 3411: 3399: 3387: 3375: 3360: 3348: 3336: 3324: 3309: 3297: 3285: 3270: 3257: 3245: 3233: 3221: 3209: 3197: 3185: 3173: 3160: 3148: 3136: 3119: 3107: 3095: 3083: 3071: 3059: 3044: 3029: 3017: 3005: 2993: 2981: 2969: 2957: 2945: 2930: 2917: 2905: 2886: 2885: 2883: 2880: 2877: 2876: 2867: 2858: 2849: 2840: 2831: 2822: 2813: 2804: 2795: 2786: 2766: 2753: 2743: 2742: 2740: 2737: 2736: 2735: 2727: 2719: 2711: 2703: 2695: 2687: 2679: 2672: 2665: 2658: 2650: 2642: 2634: 2626: 2618: 2610: 2602: 2589:Main article: 2586: 2583: 2444: 2441: 2431: 2428: 2407: 2404: 2336: 2303: 2302:Gender studies 2300: 2290:Hershel Parker 2281:critical texts 2259:In the 1960s, 2176:D. H. Lawrence 2160:Raymond Weaver 2156:Carl Van Doren 2128: 2125: 2097:Lawrence Buell 2063: 2060: 2054: 2051: 1985: 1937:21:15–17, and 1905: 1902: 1898:—Matthew 10:15 1890: 1850: 1753: 1750: 1748: 1745: 1725:Raymond Weaver 1605: 1602: 1543: 1540: 1536:His Masquerade 1401: 1398: 1302:Sarah Morewood 1287:(1833–34) and 1279:Thomas Carlyle 1256:Mount Greylock 1246: 1846–47 1234: 1228: 1142:, a sequel to 1071: 1068: 942:The Encantadas 901:Selkirk Island 869:preach at the 812:as a "boy" (a 775: 772: 702: 699: 645: 642: 620: 617: 538:Hershel Parker 521:Dutch Reformed 497:Thomas Melvill 420: 417: 233: 232: 224: 223: 219: 218: 215: 211: 210: 199: 195: 192: 191: 189: 185: 184: 179: 175: 174: 149: 145: 144: 134: 130: 129: 127: 126: 121: 118: 115: 112: 109: 104: 100: 98: 94: 93: 83: 79: 78: 75:(aged 72) 69: 65: 64: 58:August 1, 1819 49:Herman Melvill 47: 43: 42: 36: 28: 27: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8929: 8918: 8915: 8913: 8910: 8908: 8905: 8903: 8900: 8898: 8895: 8893: 8890: 8888: 8885: 8883: 8880: 8878: 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8394: 8390: 8388: 8387: 8383: 8381: 8380: 8376: 8374: 8373: 8369: 8367: 8366: 8362: 8360: 8359: 8355: 8353: 8352: 8348: 8346: 8345: 8341: 8340: 8338: 8334: 8327: 8326: 8322: 8319: 8318: 8314: 8311: 8310: 8306: 8303: 8302: 8298: 8297: 8295: 8291: 8284: 8283: 8279: 8276: 8275: 8271: 8268: 8267: 8263: 8260: 8259: 8255: 8252: 8251: 8247: 8246: 8244: 8240: 8233: 8232: 8228: 8225: 8224: 8220: 8217: 8216: 8212: 8209: 8208: 8204: 8201: 8200: 8196: 8193: 8192: 8191:The Sea Beast 8188: 8187: 8185: 8181: 8178: 8176: 8172: 8166: 8163: 8161: 8158: 8157: 8155: 8149: 8143: 8142: 8138: 8137: 8135: 8131: 8125: 8122: 8120: 8117: 8115: 8114:Father Mapple 8112: 8110: 8107: 8105: 8102: 8100: 8097: 8095: 8092: 8091: 8089: 8087: 8083: 8078: 8077: 8072: 8065: 8060: 8058: 8053: 8051: 8046: 8045: 8042: 8030: 8027: 8025: 8022: 8020: 8017: 8015: 8012: 8010: 8007: 8005: 8002: 8001: 7999: 7995: 7988: 7987: 7983: 7982: 7980: 7976: 7969: 7965: 7964: 7962: 7958: 7951: 7950: 7946: 7943: 7942: 7938: 7935: 7934: 7930: 7927: 7926: 7922: 7919: 7918: 7914: 7913: 7911: 7907: 7897:"Daniel Orme" 7896: 7893: 7889: 7888: 7886: 7882: 7875: 7871: 7868: 7864: 7861: 7857: 7854: 7850: 7847: 7843: 7840: 7836: 7833: 7829: 7826: 7822: 7819: 7815: 7814: 7812: 7808: 7801: 7797: 7794: 7790: 7787: 7783: 7780: 7779:Benito Cereno 7776: 7773: 7769: 7766: 7762: 7761: 7759: 7756: 7755: 7750: 7747: 7745:Short stories 7743: 7736: 7735: 7731: 7728: 7727: 7723: 7720: 7719: 7718:Israel Potter 7715: 7712: 7711: 7707: 7704: 7703: 7699: 7696: 7695: 7691: 7688: 7687: 7683: 7680: 7679: 7675: 7672: 7671: 7667: 7664: 7663: 7659: 7658: 7656: 7652: 7648: 7645: 7638: 7633: 7631: 7626: 7624: 7619: 7618: 7615: 7609: 7605: 7601: 7598: 7595: 7593: 7589: 7585: 7582: 7580: 7576: 7573: 7570: 7567: 7564: 7560: 7557: 7554: 7552: 7549: 7547: 7544: 7541: 7538: 7535: 7532: 7529: 7525: 7522: 7519: 7516: 7514: 7511: 7503: 7499: 7496: 7494: 7490: 7487: 7485: 7481: 7478: 7476: 7472: 7469: 7468: 7459: 7455: 7449: 7447:0-8203-1366-1 7443: 7439: 7434: 7430: 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6135: 6131: 6126: 6114: 6110: 6106: 6102: 6101: 6096: 6094: 6087: 6083: 6079: 6075: 6069: 6064: 6063: 6057: 6053: 6049: 6048: 6042: 6038: 6034: 6030: 6025: 6021: 6017: 6013: 6011:9780710077745 6007: 6002: 6001: 5994: 5989: 5988: 5981: 5977: 5973: 5969: 5963: 5959: 5955: 5950: 5946: 5942: 5938: 5936:9780393005950 5932: 5927: 5926: 5919: 5915: 5911: 5907: 5903: 5899: 5895: 5890: 5886: 5882: 5878: 5876:0-8101-0734-1 5872: 5867: 5866: 5859: 5857: 5854: 5848: 5844: 5839: 5838: 5832: 5831:Arvin, Newton 5828: 5827: 5806: 5802: 5795: 5789: 5784: 5778: 5773: 5767: 5762: 5755: 5750: 5735: 5734: 5729: 5727: 5719: 5703: 5699: 5698: 5693: 5691: 5683: 5676: 5675:Wright (1949) 5671: 5669: 5667: 5660:, p. 462 5659: 5658:Sealts (1987) 5654: 5647: 5642: 5636:, p. 406 5635: 5630: 5623: 5618: 5611: 5606: 5600: 5595: 5589:, p. 151 5588: 5583: 5577:, p. 132 5576: 5571: 5565: 5564:Serlin (1995) 5560: 5554: 5549: 5547: 5545: 5543: 5541: 5539: 5537: 5530: 5525: 5518: 5517:Person (2006) 5513: 5507: 5506:Parker (2002) 5502: 5496: 5495:Parker (1996) 5491: 5485: 5480: 5474: 5469: 5463: 5459: 5454: 5452: 5445: 5440: 5434: 5429: 5423: 5418: 5416: 5409: 5408:Wright (1987) 5404: 5398: 5394: 5389: 5382: 5381:Spanos (2009) 5377: 5370: 5365: 5358: 5352: 5345: 5344:Chapin (1922) 5340: 5334:, p. 135 5333: 5328: 5326: 5319: 5314: 5308:, p. 294 5307: 5302: 5295: 5290: 5284:, p. 198 5283: 5282:Wright (1940) 5278: 5276: 5269:, p. 431 5268: 5263: 5256: 5251: 5244: 5239: 5232: 5227: 5221:, p. 428 5220: 5215: 5213: 5206:, p. 425 5205: 5200: 5194:, p. 426 5193: 5188: 5182:, p. 424 5181: 5176: 5174: 5166: 5160: 5154: 5150: 5145: 5139: 5138:Wright (1940) 5134: 5127: 5126:Wright (1949) 5122: 5115: 5114:Wright (1949) 5110: 5103: 5102:Wright (1940) 5098: 5092:, p. 137 5091: 5090:Wright (1949) 5086: 5079: 5078:Bercaw (1987) 5074: 5067: 5066:Wright (1940) 5062: 5056:, p. 168 5055: 5054:Wright (1949) 5050: 5043: 5038: 5032:, p. 173 5031: 5026: 5020:, p. 175 5019: 5014: 5008:, p. 170 5007: 5002: 5000: 4993:, p. 169 4992: 4987: 4981:, p. 165 4980: 4975: 4973: 4971: 4964:, p. 164 4963: 4958: 4952:, p. 163 4951: 4946: 4940:, p. 203 4939: 4934: 4932: 4925:, p. 102 4924: 4919: 4913:, p. 101 4912: 4907: 4901:, p. 179 4900: 4895: 4889:, p. 177 4888: 4883: 4881: 4879: 4872:, p. 176 4871: 4866: 4860:, p. 461 4859: 4858:Sealts (1987) 4854: 4847: 4842: 4836: 4835:Parker (1990) 4831: 4825:, p. 921 4824: 4823:Parker (2002) 4819: 4810: 4804: 4803:Jordan (2019) 4799: 4792: 4791:Wilson (2016) 4787: 4781:, p. 319 4780: 4775: 4769:, p. 888 4768: 4767:Parker (2002) 4763: 4757:, p. xii 4756: 4751: 4749: 4742:, p. 287 4741: 4736: 4730:, p. 443 4729: 4728:Milder (1988) 4724: 4722: 4714: 4709: 4703: 4698: 4691: 4686: 4679: 4674: 4667: 4662: 4655: 4654:Parker (2002) 4650: 4644: 4640: 4639:Milder (1988) 4635: 4628: 4627:Levine (2014) 4623: 4621: 4619: 4612: 4607: 4600: 4599:Levine (2014) 4595: 4589: 4584: 4578: 4573: 4566: 4565:Branch (1974) 4561: 4553: 4549: 4545: 4541: 4536: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4519: 4512: 4505: 4500: 4493: 4487: 4480: 4479:Levine (2014) 4475: 4473: 4466:, p. 372 4465: 4459: 4453:, p. 372 4452: 4447: 4445: 4438:, p. 243 4437: 4436:Parker (2002) 4432: 4426:, p. 458 4425: 4424:Sealts (1987) 4420: 4414:, p. 155 4413: 4412:Parker (2002) 4408: 4406: 4398: 4397:Parker (1996) 4393: 4387: 4383: 4382:Parker (2002) 4378: 4371: 4370:Sealts (1987) 4366: 4360: 4356: 4355:Parker (1988) 4350: 4343: 4342:Parker (1996) 4338: 4332:, p. 181 4331: 4326: 4320:, p. 267 4319: 4314: 4307: 4302: 4296:, p. 264 4295: 4289: 4283:, p. 263 4282: 4277: 4271:, p. 125 4270: 4265: 4258: 4257:Branch (1974) 4252: 4246:, p. 251 4245: 4240: 4233: 4229: 4223: 4216: 4211: 4205:, p. 246 4204: 4199: 4193:, p. 244 4192: 4187: 4181:, p. 124 4180: 4175: 4167: 4161: 4157: 4152: 4151: 4142: 4136:, p. 163 4135: 4129: 4123:, p. 162 4122: 4116: 4110:, p. 208 4109: 4104: 4098:, p. 432 4097: 4096:Milder (1988) 4092: 4085: 4080: 4074:, p. 614 4073: 4072:Parker (1996) 4068: 4062:, p. 165 4061: 4055: 4049:, p. 164 4048: 4043: 4036: 4031: 4024: 4019: 4010: 4001: 3994: 3989: 3983:, p. 126 3982: 3977: 3975: 3965: 3958: 3953: 3947:, p. 431 3946: 3945:Milder (1988) 3941: 3939: 3937: 3929: 3924: 3918:, p. 193 3917: 3911: 3904: 3903:Branch (1974) 3901:Reprinted in 3898: 3892:, p. 385 3891: 3890:Parker (1996) 3886: 3880:, p. 430 3879: 3878:Milder (1988) 3874: 3872: 3856: 3852: 3845: 3839:, p. 209 3838: 3833: 3826: 3821: 3815:, p. xvi 3814: 3813:Levine (2014) 3809: 3807: 3805: 3803: 3801: 3799: 3797: 3795: 3793: 3791: 3789: 3787: 3779: 3778:Parker (1996) 3774: 3768:, p. 205 3767: 3766:Parker (1996) 3762: 3756:, p. 204 3755: 3754:Parker (1996) 3750: 3744:, p. 202 3743: 3742:Parker (1996) 3738: 3732:, p. 201 3731: 3730:Parker (1996) 3726: 3719: 3718:Parker (1996) 3714: 3708:, p. 196 3707: 3706:Parker (1996) 3701: 3694: 3693:Parker (1996) 3689: 3683:, p. 194 3682: 3681:Parker (1996) 3677: 3671:, p. 193 3670: 3669:Parker (1996) 3665: 3658: 3657:Parker (1996) 3653: 3647:, p. 187 3646: 3645:Parker (1996) 3641: 3635:, p. 184 3634: 3633:Parker (1996) 3629: 3623:, p. 185 3622: 3621:Parker (1996) 3617: 3615: 3613: 3606:, p. 181 3605: 3604:Parker (1996) 3600: 3593: 3592:Parker (1996) 3588: 3581: 3576: 3574: 3572: 3570: 3568: 3566: 3559:, p. 143 3558: 3557:Parker (1996) 3553: 3546: 3541: 3534: 3533:Sealts (1988) 3529: 3527: 3520:, p. 138 3519: 3518:Parker (1996) 3514: 3512: 3504: 3503:Parker (1996) 3499: 3492: 3491:Parker (1996) 3487: 3481:, p. 126 3480: 3479:Parker (1996) 3475: 3468: 3467:Parker (1996) 3463: 3457:, p. 117 3456: 3455:Parker (1996) 3451: 3445:, p. 110 3444: 3443:Parker (1996) 3439: 3432: 3431:Parker (1996) 3427: 3420: 3419:Parker (1996) 3415: 3409:, p. 107 3408: 3407:Parker (1996) 3403: 3396: 3395:Parker (1996) 3391: 3384: 3383:Parker (2002) 3379: 3372: 3371:Parker (1996) 3367: 3365: 3357: 3356:Parker (1996) 3352: 3345: 3344:Parker (1996) 3340: 3333: 3328: 3321: 3320:Parker (1996) 3316: 3314: 3306: 3301: 3294: 3293:Parker (1996) 3289: 3282: 3281:Parker (1996) 3277: 3275: 3267: 3266:Parker (1996) 3261: 3254: 3249: 3242: 3241:Parker (1996) 3237: 3230: 3229:Parker (1996) 3225: 3218: 3217:Sealts (1988) 3213: 3207:, p. 92. 3206: 3205:Bryant (2021) 3201: 3194: 3189: 3183:, p. 117 3182: 3177: 3170: 3169:Parker (1996) 3164: 3157: 3156:Parker (1996) 3152: 3145: 3144:Parker (1996) 3140: 3133: 3132:Sealts (1988) 3128: 3126: 3124: 3116: 3111: 3104: 3103:Parker (1996) 3099: 3092: 3087: 3080: 3075: 3068: 3067:Parker (1996) 3063: 3056: 3051: 3049: 3041: 3040:Parker (1996) 3036: 3034: 3026: 3025:Parker (1996) 3021: 3014: 3013:Parker (1996) 3009: 3002: 2997: 2990: 2989:Parker (1996) 2985: 2978: 2973: 2966: 2961: 2954: 2953:Parker (1996) 2949: 2942: 2937: 2935: 2927: 2926:Parker (2002) 2921: 2914: 2913:Parker (1996) 2909: 2902: 2898: 2891: 2887: 2871: 2862: 2853: 2844: 2835: 2826: 2817: 2808: 2799: 2790: 2784: 2782: 2776: 2770: 2763: 2757: 2748: 2744: 2733: 2732: 2728: 2725: 2724: 2720: 2717: 2716: 2712: 2709: 2708: 2704: 2701: 2700: 2696: 2693: 2692: 2688: 2685: 2684: 2680: 2677: 2676:Benito Cereno 2673: 2670: 2666: 2663: 2659: 2656: 2655: 2651: 2648: 2647: 2643: 2640: 2639: 2635: 2632: 2631: 2627: 2624: 2623: 2619: 2616: 2615: 2611: 2608: 2607: 2603: 2600: 2599: 2595: 2594: 2592: 2582: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2561: 2555: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2540: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2525: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2510:Israel Potter 2507: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2476:In 1982, the 2474: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2463: 2454: 2449: 2440: 2436: 2427: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2403: 2400: 2396: 2391: 2390: 2384: 2382: 2376: 2371: 2369: 2363: 2358: 2356: 2352: 2347: 2341: 2340:Serlin (1995) 2335: 2330: 2327: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2312:men's studies 2309: 2299: 2297: 2296: 2291: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2257: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2242:Charles Olson 2239: 2234: 2232: 2228: 2223: 2221: 2217: 2212: 2208: 2203: 2201: 2200: 2196:'s biography 2195: 2194:Lewis Mumford 2191: 2187: 2183: 2182: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2147: 2139: 2134: 2124: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2109:Helen Vendler 2106: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2085: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2070: 2069:Battle-Pieces 2059: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2039: 2035: 2033: 2028: 2022: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2011:Father Mapple 2008: 2004: 1991: 1984: 1982: 1978: 1975:, and in the 1974: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1955:, and in the 1954: 1947: 1945: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1926: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1900: 1894: 1889: 1887: 1883: 1877: 1875: 1871: 1865: 1862: 1855: 1849: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1834: 1832: 1828: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1810: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1795:Israel Potter 1792: 1787: 1783: 1778: 1776: 1775:White Jacket, 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1747:Writing style 1744: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1721: 1716: 1711: 1709: 1705: 1698: 1697: 1692: 1690: 1686: 1681: 1679: 1678: 1673: 1672: 1665: 1663: 1654: 1650: 1645: 1639: 1632: 1631: 1626: 1619: 1615: 1610: 1601: 1599: 1598:Lewis Mumford 1595: 1594: 1588: 1586: 1580: 1578: 1577: 1572: 1567: 1564: 1561: 1557: 1548: 1539: 1537: 1533: 1532: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1517: 1512: 1507: 1504: 1499: 1496: 1491: 1489: 1488:Israel Potter 1485: 1484:Benito Cereno 1481: 1477: 1476: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1454: 1453:Israel Potter 1449: 1444: 1442: 1438: 1437: 1430: 1428: 1422: 1420: 1419: 1414: 1413: 1408: 1397: 1394: 1390: 1385: 1383: 1377: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1362: 1357: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1325: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1304:, Duyckinck, 1303: 1298: 1296: 1292: 1291: 1286: 1285: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1265: 1261: 1260:Massachusetts 1257: 1253: 1239: 1233: 1227: 1225: 1224: 1218: 1217: 1211: 1208: 1204: 1203: 1197: 1195: 1189: 1185: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1170: 1167: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1140: 1134: 1128: 1123: 1120: 1116: 1111: 1109: 1104: 1102: 1101: 1093: 1089: 1084: 1076: 1067: 1063: 1061: 1060: 1055: 1054: 1053:United States 1049: 1044: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1021: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 995: 990: 986: 985: 979: 977: 973: 969: 965: 961: 956: 952: 947: 943: 939: 934: 932: 931: 926: 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183: 180: 176: 173: 169: 165: 161: 157: 153: 150: 146: 142: 138: 135: 131: 125: 122: 119: 116: 113: 110: 108: 105: 102: 101: 99: 95: 91: 87: 84: 82:Resting place 80: 70: 66: 62: 61:New York City 48: 44: 40: 34: 29: 22: 19: 8802:Beachcombers 8659:Beau Travail 8657: 8649: 8646:(1951 opera) 8641: 8633: 8616: 8612: 8567: 8548: 8540: 8532: 8513: 8469: 8461: 8453: 8445: 8438: 8405: 8398: 8384: 8377: 8370: 8363: 8356: 8349: 8342: 8323: 8320:(2010 opera) 8315: 8307: 8299: 8280: 8272: 8264: 8256: 8248: 8229: 8221: 8213: 8205: 8197: 8189: 8151:Chapters and 8139: 8099:Captain Ahab 8074: 8070: 7984: 7947: 7939: 7931: 7923: 7915: 7752: 7732: 7724: 7716: 7708: 7700: 7694:White-Jacket 7692: 7684: 7676: 7668: 7660: 7643: 7457: 7437: 7416: 7395: 7376: 7354: 7342: 7339:Lepore, Jill 7320: 7300: 7279: 7259: 7248: 7244: 7228: 7217: 7200:the original 7195: 7180: 7153: 7149: 7132: 7105: 7085: 7074: 7054: 7045: 7033:. Retrieved 7029:the original 7024: 7012:the original 7007: 6982: 6960: 6939: 6905: 6901: 6879:(2): 80–87. 6876: 6872: 6868: 6847: 6825: 6812: 6780: 6776: 6767: 6763: 6741:(1): 70–78. 6738: 6734: 6714: 6703:December 13, 6701:. Retrieved 6696: 6692: 6666: 6642: 6621: 6603:(1): 21–32. 6600: 6596: 6592: 6573: 6564: 6560: 6548:the original 6532:. Retrieved 6521: 6498: 6473: 6459:. Retrieved 6450: 6428: 6405: 6394: 6364: 6349: 6325: 6316: 6300: 6268: 6264: 6254:September 7, 6252:. Retrieved 6243: 6212: 6208: 6188: 6178: 6166:. Retrieved 6158: 6142:. Retrieved 6133: 6117:. Retrieved 6098: 6092: 6061: 6046: 6037:the original 6032: 5999: 5986: 5957: 5953: 5924: 5900:(2): 24–42. 5897: 5893: 5864: 5836: 5808:. Retrieved 5804: 5794: 5788:Ghosh (2010) 5783: 5772: 5761: 5756:, p. 57 5749: 5737:. Retrieved 5731: 5725: 5718: 5706:. 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