1353:) for agriculture, and agriculture is by far the most important economic activity in pre-industrial societies. With the advent of industrialization, important new uses for land emerged as sites for factories, warehouses, offices, and urban agglomerations. The value of the real property, taking the form of man-made structures and machinery, generally decreases relative to the value of the land alone. Where industrial, agricultural, and commercial property values depreciate as a result of contamination, extraction, and expected wear and tear, respectively, residential property value depreciation is mitigated by more frequent and affordable maintenance and improvements.
56:
891:
1133:, which broadly translates to: use your own property in a manner that does not injure another person's property. As a general rule, a landowner is entitled to use their land as they see fit. The scope of this right is limited in some aspects. For example, an owner may not build a "spite fence" that substantially affects the use of the neighbor's land (e.g. a hotel owner built a wall 85 ft (26 metres) long and 18 ft (5.5 metres) high that blocked the windows of a neighboring hotel owner).
1023:: An estate of limited term, as set out in a contract, called a lease, between the party granted the leasehold, called the lessee, and another party, called the lessor, having a longer estate in the property. For example, an apartment-dweller with a one-year lease has a leasehold estate in her apartment. Lessees typically agree to pay a stated rent to the lessor. Though a leasehold relates to real property, the leasehold interest is historically classified as personal property.
1283:
3566:
2520:
580:
2546:
1059:
tenancy will assume to be tenants in common without rights of survivorship. The co-owners always take a JTWROS deed in equal shares, so each tenant must own an equal share of the property regardless of any contribution to the purchase price. If the property is someday sold or subdivided, the proceeds must be distributed equally with no credits given for any excess that any one co-owner may have contributed to purchase the property.
852:, such as along a certain watercourse, a stone wall, an adjoining public roadway, an adjoining property owner, or an existing building. The system is often used to define larger pieces of property (e.g. farms), and political subdivisions (e.g. town boundaries) where the precise definition is not required or would be far too expensive, or previously designated boundaries can be incorporated into the description.
2533:
1121:. Some exceptions apply: for example, a farm owner in New Jersey employed several migrant workers who lived on the property during the harvest season. The Supreme Court of New Jersey held that the owner was not entitled to exclude social services and legal counsel from entering the property to provide service to the migrant workers residing on the property.
1040:: A remainder arises when a tenant with a fee simple grants someone a life estate or conditional fee simple, and specifies a third party to whom the land goes when the life estate ends or the condition occurs. The third party is said to have a remainder. The third-party may have a legal right to limit the life tenant's use of the land.
1193:
does away with the need for a chain of title (i.e. tracing title through a series of documents) and does away with the conveyancing costs of such searches. The State guarantees title and is usually supported by a compensation scheme for those who lose their title due to the State's operation. It has been in practice in all
1058:
In a joint tenancy with rights of survivorship deed or JTWROS, the death of one tenant means that the surviving tenants become the sole owners of the estate. Nothing passes to the heirs of the deceased tenant. In some jurisdictions, the specific words "with right of survivorship" must be used, or the
1240:
distinguishes between "movable" and "immovable" property. In
English law, real property is not confined to the ownership of property and the buildings sited thereon – often referred to as "land". Real property also includes many legal relationships between individuals or owners of the
1107:
his property to anyone. The scope of this right may be limited for public policy reasons; who can transfer, what can be transferred, and how property may be transferred may be regulated. For example, an insane person may neither transfer nor obtain real property; certain types of property may not be
762:
A location of desired resources will draw attention to the location. Natural locational attractions include water supply, climate, soil fertility, water frontage, and mineral deposits. As the area develops revolving around such natural resources, these developments become components to look for when
1192:
system of real estate ownership is managed and guaranteed by the government and replaces cumbersome tracing of ownership. The
Torrens title system operates on the principle of "title by registration" (i.e. the indefeasibility of a registered interest) rather than "registration of title". The system
1141:
It is inevitable that most property will eventually be destroyed. A termite-infested house that has outlived its useful life may be demolished in order to build a new one. However, the scope of this right can be limited. For example, most jurisdictions may not allow an owner to destroy something of
771:
Although the overall amount of land (in terms of its surface area) is fixed, the supply of specifically urban land may vary. Sometimes urban land is created from previously agricultural land. Usually urban land is more valuable than agricultural land; this creates the incentive to convert non-urban
1116:
An owner has a right to exclude any other person from his property. This has been described by the U.S. Supreme Court "as one of the most essential sticks" in the bundle. In general, the owner of a tract of land may prevent anyone else from entering upon it. This right is enforced by the tort of
842:. The term "metes" refers to a boundary defined by the measurement of each straight run, specified by a distance between the terminal points, and orientation or direction. A direction may be a simple compass bearing (magnetic), or a more precise orientation determined by accurate survey methods.
1397:
For an introduction to the economic analysis of property law, see
Shavell (2004), and Cooter and Ulen (2003). For a collection of related scholarly articles, see Epstein (2007). Ellickson (1993) broadens the economic analysis of real property with a variety of facts drawn from history and
720:
In modern legal systems derived from
English common law, the classification of property as real or personal may vary somewhat according to jurisdiction or, even within jurisdictions, according to purpose, as in defining whether and how the property may be taxed.
989:
Fee simple conditional: An estate lasting forever as long as one or more conditions stipulated by the deed's grantor does not occur. If such a condition does occur, the property reverts to the grantor, or a remainder interest is passed on to a third
725:, for example, occupy a gray area between personal and real property, and may be treated as either according to jurisdiction or circumstance. Bethell (1998) contains much information on the historical evolution of real property and property rights.
3056:
1142:
substantial value, like a new mansion. In one case, a homeowner directed the executor of her estate to destroy her historic home after her death. The
Missouri court held that it would violate public policy to allow the destruction of the home.
622:) to be considered part of the real property, it must be integrated with or affixed to the land. This includes crops, buildings, machinery, wells, dams, ponds, mines, canals, and roads. The term is historic, arising from the now-discontinued
699:
is credited with giving "real property" its particular meaning in
English law. After discussing the distinction in civil law, Bracton proposed that actions for movable property were inherently actions for relief, and that therefore an
1090:
Property consists of what has been referred to as a "bundle of rights" or a "bundle of sticks." The most important "sticks" in the bundle are: the right to transfer, the right to exclude, the right to use, and the right to destroy.
1034:: A reversion arises when a tenant grants an estate of a lesser maximum term than his own. Ownership of the land returns to the original tenant when the grantee's estate expires. The original tenant's future interest is a reversion.
1158:
is "Land held absolutely in one's own right, and not of any lord or superior; land not subject to feudal duties or burdens. An estate held by absolute ownership, without recognizing any superior to whom any duty is due on account
704:
could be brought only upon immovable property. This view is not accepted in continental civil law, but can be understood in the context of legal developments during
Bracton's lifetime. In thirteenth-century England the courts of
1062:
The death of a co-owner of tenants in common (TIC) deed will have a heritable portion of the estate in proportion to his ownership interest which is presumed to be equal among all tenants unless otherwise stated in the
772:
land to urban land. The value of the land is directly associated with its use. Zoning regulations regarding multi-story development are modified to intensify the use of cities, instead of occupying more physical space.
738:
Real property is immobile. Owners cannot move their land to a better location, such as another city, for sale. Thus the fixed location of a parcel of land directly affects, and is a major determinant of, its value.
986:: An estate of indefinite duration that can be freely transferred. The most common and perhaps most absolute type of estate, under which the tenant enjoys the greatest discretion over the disposal of the property.
1002:: An estate lasting for the natural life of the grantee, called a "life tenant". If a life estate can be sold, a sale does not change its duration, which is limited by the natural life of the original grantee.
1067:. However, if TIC property is sold or subdivided, in some States, Provinces, etc., a credit can be automatically made for unequal contributions to the purchase price (unlike a partition of a JTWROS deed).
754:
due to its immobile nature. External factors outside of the real property will affect the value of the real property, for example, the noises that neighboring people and construction sites produce.
1217:
is held to be the ultimate owner of all real property in the realm. This fact is material when, for example, the property has been disclaimed by its erstwhile owner, in which case the law of
1027:
A tenant enjoying an undivided estate in some property after the termination of some estate of limited term is said to have a "future interest". Two important types of future interests are:
763:
determining land use and real property values. The surrounding development and proximity, such as markets and transportation routes, will also determine the value of the real property.
1129:
Historically, a landowner had the absolute right to use his property in any way he wished, as long as he did not harm the rights of others. This concept is embodied in the Latin maxim
1666:
1329:, real property is generally defined as land and the things permanently attached to the land. Things that are permanently attached to the land, which also can be referred to as
1055:. The difference between these two types of joint ownership of an estate in land is basically the inheritability of the estate and the shares of interest that each tenant owns.
1624:
1652:
3397:
1350:
1108:
transferred at all, while some can be given away but not sold; how property is transferred can be regulated to avoid fraud, uncertainty, or other legal problems.
1368:
enjoyed by tenants under the various estates and the economic benefits and costs of the various estates. This resulted in a much-improved understanding of the:
865:
system is perhaps the simplest of the three main survey systems to understand. For a legal description in the lot and block system a description must identify:
1638:
1823:
1786:
1245:, where the owner of one property has the right to pass over a neighboring property. Another is the various "incorporeal hereditaments", such as
1610:
2504:
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that vest in each and determine the duration and transferability of the various estates. A party enjoying an estate is called a "tenant".
3234:
2459:
919:
to divide real property for sale and settling. The PLSS used nominally rectangular shapes to divide. The basic unit in the PLSS is the
2584:
1048:
1013:. Such an estate may arise if the original life tenant sells her life estate to another, or if the life estate is originally granted
784:. Such a description usually makes use of natural or man-made boundaries such as seacoasts, rivers, streams, the crests of ridges,
679:
in which the plaintiff seeks relief for the actions of a particular person. The distinction can be subtle; the medieval action of
1965:
1345:
Land use, land valuation, and the determination of the incomes of landowners are among the oldest questions in economic theory.
2474:
566:
1864:
1594:
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713:, but inheritance of land remained a matter for the royal courts. Laws governing the conveyance of land and that of movable
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English law retains several forms of property that are largely unknown in other common law jurisdictions such as the
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665:("thing"). Under European civil law, a lawsuit that seeks official recognition of a property right is known as an
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349:
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Changes that take place nearby will directly affect the real property's value. Real property is vulnerable to
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disputes. Personal property, or personalty, was, and continues to be, all property that is not real property.
3160:
2577:
2550:
447:
1681:
1201:, and has been adopted by many states, provinces and countries, and in modified form in 9 states of the US.
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2398:
2003:
1266:. In the early common law, these are all classified as real property, as they would have been protected by
519:
414:
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1960:
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of land, typically 1-mile square. A 6 x 6-mile grid of sections of landform is what is referred to as a
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1950:
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2008:
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Division., Real Estate
Council of British Columbia. The University of British Columbia. Real Estate.
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37:
This article is about the legal concept. For the business of selling and leasing real property, see
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1920:
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1251:, where an individual may have the right to take crops from land that is part of another's estate.
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634:
135:
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has retained the common law distinction between real property and personal property, whereas the
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619:
399:
368:
1562:"BLM Manual of Surveying Instructions For the Survey of the Public Lands of the United States"
1221:
applies. In some other jurisdictions (not including the United States), real property is held
3575:
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3144:
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2363:
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2267:
2135:
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1998:
1955:
1945:
1930:
1910:
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2013:
1935:
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38:
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To be of any value, a claim to any property must be accompanied by a verifiable and legal
8:
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3217:
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2434:
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2252:
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1991:
1986:
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383:
254:
968:, etc., through which the estate was acquired. Estates are distinguished by the varying
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2622:
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2358:
2312:
2292:
2125:
2106:
2048:
2023:
1604:
1197:
states and New
Zealand since between 1858 and 1875, has more recently been extended to
928:
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273:
130:
115:
84:
1384:
Transfer (alienate) some or all of these rights to others on mutually agreeable terms;
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2140:
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2018:
1827:
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Real property may be owned jointly with several tenants, through devices such as the
1052:
857:
714:
627:
216:
199:
125:
79:
996:: An estate which, upon the death of the tenant, is transferred to his or her heirs.
948:, in real property. The type of estate is usually determined by the language of the
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has its own laws governing real property and the estates therein, grounded in the
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However, products of the land, such as minerals and crops, can be transported.
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a reference to find the cited plat map (i.e., a page and/or volume number), and
797:
623:
529:
425:
378:
178:
169:
145:
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816:), and so forth. In many cases, a description refers to one or more lots on a
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3205:
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2617:
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1838:. Agcaoili. Land Titles and Deeds: Property Law and Cases in the Philippines.
1768:
1189:
1176:, or supreme lawmaking authority. Physical and corporate persons do not have
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916:
262:
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is the ultimate owner of all land under its jurisdiction, because it is the
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enjoyed by tenants under the various estates. These include the right to:
1333:, include homes, garages, and buildings. Manufactured homes can obtain an
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3249:
3134:
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2986:
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2038:
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1803:. Edward Elgar. An anthology of articles, mostly from the law literature.
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1322:
1314:
983:
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848:. The term "bounds" refers to a more general boundary description, the
823:
These legal descriptions are usually described in two different ways –
542:
511:
491:
183:
110:
64:
1537:
890:
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1810:. Harvard Univ. Press. Chpts. 2–5. Harder text; extensive references.
1334:
1318:
1214:
1194:
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912:
805:
722:
710:
706:
579:
515:
476:
283:
1103:, the right to transfer means that the owner may freely transfer or
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2835:
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2175:
2101:
1884:
1431:
1411:
1255:
1242:
1155:
993:
812:, official government surveying marks (such as ones affixed by the
642:
637:
protects the status of real property in real-estate markets, where
611:
501:
373:
363:
188:
150:
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303:
155:
31:
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3211:
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2234:
668:
27:
Legal term; property consisting of land and the buildings on it
1842:
1241:
land that are purely conceptual. One such relationship is the
1154:: Real property that is independent of any superior landlord.
880:
a description of the map's place of official recording (e.g.,
3348:
2944:
2190:
1357:
953:
809:
801:
785:
2562:
2155:
1180:; they do not own land but only enjoy estates in the land.
949:
817:
793:
607:
506:
358:
120:
939:
3321:
1763:
Noblest
Triumph: Property and Prosperity through the Ages
689:
because it was brought against the alleged dispossessor.
626:, which distinguished between real property disputes and
538:
3398:
The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State
874:
a reference to a platted subdivision or a phase thereof,
672:(action in relation to a thing). This contrasts with an
1742:
1521:
Pollock, Frederick; Maitland, Frederic William (1923).
944:
The law recognizes different sorts of interests called
820:, a map of property boundaries kept in public records.
633:
In countries with personal ownership of real property,
1523:
The History of English Law Before the Time of Edward I
641:
work in the market of buying and selling real estate.
614:
of a person. In order for a structure (also called an
871:
the block in which the lot is located, if applicable,
1667:"Eyerman v. Mercantile Trust Co., NA 524 S.W.2d 210"
1539:
Real estate trading services licensing course manual
1340:
1779:, 4th. ed. Addison-Wesley. Chpts. 4,5. Easier text.
1364:, economists and legal scholars began to study the
728:
808:'s posts, iron pins or pipes, concrete monuments,
775:
685:, although aimed at repossessing land, was not an
30:"Realty" redirects here. Not to be confused with
3595:
1493:The Theory and Development of Common-law Actions
1520:
1163:
1731:, 3rd. ed. St. Paul MN: West Group Publishing.
1508:Tractatus de legibus et consuetudinibus Anglie
2578:
2505:List of housing markets by real estate prices
1858:
560:
1727:Stoebuck, W. B., and Dale A. Whitman, 2000.
1700:
1625:"Kaiser Aetna v. United States 444 U.S. 164"
1378:Decide how a piece of real property is used;
1183:
927:. Townships are laid out east and west of a
882:recorded in the files of the County Engineer
610:and any associated structures which are the
1721:
697:Treatise on the Laws and Customs of England
2585:
2571:
2545:
1865:
1851:
1609:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1584:
1381:Exclude others from enjoying the property;
567:
553:
1049:joint tenants with rights of survivorship
1472:
1168:In the law of almost every country, the
1145:
1094:
889:
656:
649:, and in French-based law, it is called
1808:Foundations of Economic Analysis of Law
1587:Property : a contemporary approach
1466:
1393:when changing and transferring estates.
1136:
1111:
940:Estates and ownership interests defined
766:
14:
3596:
1653:"Sundowner, Inc. v. King 509 P.2d 785"
1490:
1009:is held by one person for the natural
717:then developed along different paths.
2566:
1846:
1751:, R. Ellickson, and C.M. Rose, 2002.
1679:
1535:
709:claimed broad authority to interpret
141:Lost, mislaid, and abandoned property
2532:
1743:Analysis of the law of real property
1683:Black's Law Dictionary – 2nd Edition
1277:
1228:
1765:. St Martin's Press. For laypeople.
1505:
1360:, as part of the emerging field of
1131:sic utere tuo ut alienum non laedas
1124:
1085:
661:The word "real" derives from Latin
24:
2490:Undergraduate real estate programs
1694:
578:
25:
3615:
2288:Investment rating for real estate
1755:, 3rd ed. Aspen Law and Business.
1478:The Forms of Action at Common Law
1341:Economic aspects of real property
1204:
915:method developed and used in the
800:or purpose-built markers such as
602:or, solely in the US and Canada,
3565:
3564:
2544:
2531:
2519:
2518:
1738:. Charlottesville VA: Michie Co.
1589:(Fifth ed.). St. Paul, MN.
1281:
1273:
835:, as used in the United States.
745:
729:Characteristics of real property
54:
1872:
1673:
1659:
1645:
776:Identification of real property
3130:Right of way (property access)
2445:Graduate real estate education
1890:Tertiary sector of the economy
1680:Black, Henry Campbell (1910).
1631:
1617:
1578:
1554:
1529:
1514:
1499:
1484:
757:
645:civil law calls real property
13:
1:
1818:The Right to Private Property
1734:Thomas, David A., ed., 1996.
1639:"State v. Shack 277 A.2d 269"
1459:
733:
448:Lateral and subjacent support
2592:
2399:Real estate investment trust
2004:Extraterrestrial real estate
1753:Perspectives on Property Law
1585:Sprankling, John G. (2021).
1542:. UBC Real Estate Division.
1164:Jurisdictional peculiarities
901:governing the United States
415:Practicing without a license
7:
3436:Two Treatises of Government
2404:Real property administrator
2394:Real estate investment club
1405:
1389:Nature and consequences of
931:, and north and south of a
10:
3620:
2061:Private equity real estate
1836:Property Registration Code
1491:Street, Thomas A. (1999).
341:Doctrine of worthier title
36:
29:
3560:
3357:
3159:
3039:
2932:
2925:
2774:
2731:
2676:
2600:
2513:
2417:
2336:
2243:
2115:
2079:
2009:International real estate
1979:
1898:
1880:
1801:Economics of Property Law
1736:Thompson on Real Property
1706:Schram, Joseph F., 2006.
1701:Overview of real property
1184:Australia and New Zealand
909:Public Land Survey System
903:Public Land Survey System
833:Public Land Survey System
472:Conflict of property laws
328:Rule against perpetuities
3488:The Great Transformation
2846:Labor theory of property
1722:The law of real property
1422:Land ownership in Canada
1260:chancel repair liability
975:Some important types of
814:National Geodetic Survey
653:("immovable property").
3057:Forest-dwelling (India)
3019:restraint on alienation
2799:Common good (economics)
2203:Real estate transaction
2092:Real estate development
1806:Shavell, Steven, 2004.
1715:Essential Real Property
1566:www.blmsurveymanual.org
1349:is an essential input (
1188:In many countries, the
1047:may be held jointly as
850:abuttals and boundaries
606:, refers to parcels of
323:Restraint on alienation
3496:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
3270:Primitive accumulation
3125:Right of way (transit)
2910:Tragedy of the commons
2792:fictitious commodities
2303:Real estate derivative
2263:Effective gross income
2029:Healthcare real estate
1710:, Rockwell Publishing.
1351:a factor of production
1011:life of another person
905:
583:
350:Nonpossessory interest
3549:The Wealth of Nations
3529:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
3521:The Ethics of Liberty
2460:Industry trade groups
2364:Exclusive buyer agent
2318:Real estate valuation
2308:Real estate economics
2268:Gross rent multiplier
2097:Real estate investing
1999:Corporate Real Estate
1820:. Oxford Univ. Press.
1713:Moore, Geoff., 2005.
1708:Real Estate Appraisal
1641:. 1971 . p. 369.
1627:. 1979 . p. 164.
1262:and lordships of the
1146:Other ownership types
1095:The right to transfer
893:
831:. A third way is the
657:Historical background
582:
299:Action to quiet title
3412:Progress and Poverty
2746:Common-pool resource
2278:Highest and best use
2244:Economics, financing
2208:Real estate contract
2102:Real estate flipping
2071:Residential property
2014:Lease administration
1966:United Arab Emirates
1669:. 1975. p. 210.
1655:. 1973. p. 785.
1137:The right to destroy
1112:The right to exclude
1080:building cooperative
782:property description
767:Supply of urban land
294:Equitable conversion
39:real estate business
3535:The Social Contract
3223:population transfer
3140:prior-appropriation
2819:homestead principle
2258:Capitalization rate
2253:Asset-based lending
2087:Property management
1992:Commercial building
1987:Commercial property
1824:Oswaldo D. Agcaoili
1729:The Law of Property
1717:, Psychology Press.
1506:Bracton, Henry de.
1076:housing cooperative
977:estates in the land
895:Principal meridians
868:the individual lot,
436:prior appropriation
384:Equitable servitude
3515:Murray N. Rothbard
2826:Free-rider problem
2485:Real estate trends
2389:Real estate broker
2359:Chartered Surveyor
2313:Real estate bubble
2293:Mortgage insurance
2126:Adverse possession
2049:Luxury real estate
2024:Garden real estate
1293:. You can help by
929:Principal Meridian
906:
647:heritable property
600:immovable property
588:English common law
584:
466:Quicquid plantatur
274:Deeds registration
116:Adverse possession
85:Community property
18:Heritable property
3604:Real property law
3591:
3590:
3502:What Is Property?
3295:human trafficking
3280:Regulatory taking
3155:
3154:
2900:Right to property
2560:
2559:
2198:Property abstract
2181:Land registration
2141:Concurrent estate
2066:Real estate owned
2056:Off-plan property
2034:Vacation property
2019:Niche real estate
1783:Ellickson, Robert
1777:Law and Economics
1596:978-1-68467-717-7
1391:transaction costs
1362:law and economics
1311:
1310:
1248:profits-à-Prendre
1229:England and Wales
1053:tenants in common
715:personal property
628:personal property
577:
576:
217:Concurrent estate
200:Defeasible estate
80:Personal property
16:(Redirected from
3611:
3568:
3567:
3472:John Stuart Mill
3392:Friedrich Engels
3373:Frédéric Bastiat
3366:
3218:Forced migration
3186:Collectivization
2930:
2929:
2809:First possession
2782:Bundle of rights
2587:
2580:
2573:
2564:
2563:
2548:
2547:
2535:
2534:
2522:
2521:
2465:Investment firms
2384:Property manager
2283:Home equity loan
2186:Leasehold estate
2146:Conditional sale
1867:
1860:
1853:
1844:
1843:
1791:Yale Law Journal
1787:Property in Land
1688:
1687:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1608:
1600:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1572:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1470:
1437:Mesne assignment
1356:Starting in the
1306:
1303:
1285:
1278:
1125:The right to use
1086:Bundle of rights
825:metes and bounds
693:Henry de Bracton
569:
562:
555:
536:Higher category:
482:Security deposit
279:Estoppel by deed
222:Leasehold estate
95:Unowned property
58:
44:
43:
21:
3619:
3618:
3614:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3609:
3608:
3594:
3593:
3592:
3587:
3556:
3360:
3359:
3353:
3303:husband-selling
3240:Illegal logging
3235:Illegal fishing
3164:
3151:
3062:Freedom to roam
3035:
2948:(agrarian land)
2921:
2878:Property rights
2770:
2727:
2689:Estate (landed)
2672:
2596:
2591:
2561:
2556:
2509:
2413:
2332:
2273:Hard money loan
2245:
2239:
2220:Rent regulation
2111:
2075:
1975:
1894:
1876:
1871:
1841:
1797:Richard Epstein
1793:102: 1315–1400.
1745:
1724:
1703:
1697:
1695:Further reading
1692:
1691:
1678:
1674:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1637:
1636:
1632:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1583:
1579:
1570:
1568:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1534:
1530:
1519:
1515:
1504:
1500:
1489:
1485:
1474:Maitland, F. W.
1471:
1467:
1462:
1453:The Land Report
1408:
1373:Property rights
1366:property rights
1343:
1307:
1301:
1298:
1291:needs expansion
1276:
1231:
1207:
1186:
1166:
1148:
1139:
1127:
1114:
1097:
1088:
970:property rights
942:
798:railroad tracks
778:
769:
760:
748:
736:
731:
682:novel disseisin
659:
573:
534:
421:Property rights
419:
267:
205:Future interest
193:
170:Estates in land
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3617:
3607:
3606:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3585:
3584:
3583:
3573:
3561:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3554:
3553:
3552:
3540:
3539:
3538:
3526:
3525:
3524:
3512:
3507:
3506:
3505:
3493:
3492:
3491:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3468:
3467:
3455:
3454:
3453:
3441:
3440:
3439:
3427:
3422:
3420:Garrett Hardin
3417:
3416:
3415:
3403:
3402:
3401:
3389:
3384:
3383:
3382:
3369:
3367:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3346:
3345:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3319:
3318:
3317:
3312:
3311:
3310:
3305:
3297:
3292:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3231:
3230:
3225:
3215:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3191:Eminent domain
3188:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3174:Bioprospecting
3170:
3168:
3166:redistribution
3157:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3149:
3148:
3147:
3142:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3108:
3103:
3102:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3081:
3076:
3075:
3074:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3043:
3041:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3032:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3001:
2996:
2995:
2994:
2984:
2977:
2972:
2971:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2950:
2942:
2933:
2927:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2917:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2875:
2870:
2868:Natural rights
2865:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2822:
2821:
2816:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2795:
2794:
2784:
2778:
2776:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2737:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2724:
2723:
2713:
2708:
2707:
2706:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2680:
2678:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2604:
2602:
2598:
2597:
2590:
2589:
2582:
2575:
2567:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2554:
2551:List of topics
2541:
2528:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2507:
2502:
2500:Urban planning
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2480:Property cycle
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2440:Gentrification
2437:
2432:
2427:
2421:
2419:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2379:Moving company
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2249:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2211:
2210:
2200:
2195:
2194:
2193:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2161:Eminent domain
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2131:Chain of title
2128:
2122:
2120:
2119:and regulation
2113:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1995:
1994:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1971:United Kingdom
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1892:
1887:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1870:
1869:
1862:
1855:
1847:
1840:
1839:
1821:
1814:Jeremy Waldron
1811:
1804:
1794:
1780:
1766:
1756:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1739:
1732:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1711:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1672:
1658:
1644:
1630:
1616:
1595:
1577:
1553:
1528:
1525:. Vol. 1.
1513:
1498:
1483:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1449:
1444:
1442:Mineral rights
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1407:
1404:
1395:
1394:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1342:
1339:
1337:of affixture.
1309:
1308:
1288:
1286:
1275:
1272:
1230:
1227:
1211:United Kingdom
1206:
1205:United Kingdom
1203:
1185:
1182:
1178:allodial title
1165:
1162:
1161:
1160:
1152:Allodial title
1147:
1144:
1138:
1135:
1126:
1123:
1113:
1110:
1096:
1093:
1087:
1084:
1042:
1041:
1035:
1025:
1024:
1018:
1005:A life estate
1003:
997:
991:
987:
941:
938:
937:
936:
911:(PLSS) is the
887:
886:
885:
878:
875:
872:
869:
853:
843:
777:
774:
768:
765:
759:
756:
747:
744:
735:
732:
730:
727:
658:
655:
624:form of action
575:
574:
572:
571:
564:
557:
549:
546:
545:
533:
532:
527:
522:
509:
504:
496:
495:
487:
486:
485:
484:
479:
474:
469:
462:
455:
450:
445:
444:
443:
438:
428:
426:Mineral rights
423:
417:
412:
407:
402:
394:
393:
392:Related topics
389:
388:
387:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
353:
352:
346:
345:
344:
343:
338:
335:Shelley's Case
330:
325:
317:
316:
309:
308:
307:
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
284:Quitclaim deed
281:
276:
271:
265:
260:
249:
248:
242:
241:
240:
239:
234:
229:
224:
219:
214:
213:
212:
202:
197:
191:
186:
181:
179:Allodial title
173:
172:
166:
165:
164:
163:
158:
153:
148:
146:Treasure trove
143:
138:
133:
128:
123:
118:
113:
105:
104:
100:
99:
98:
97:
92:
87:
82:
74:
73:
69:
68:
60:
59:
51:
50:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3616:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:Categories:
3563:
3562:
3559:
3551:
3550:
3546:
3545:
3544:
3541:
3537:
3536:
3532:
3531:
3530:
3527:
3523:
3522:
3518:
3517:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3510:David Ricardo
3508:
3504:
3503:
3499:
3498:
3497:
3494:
3490:
3489:
3485:
3484:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3477:Elinor Ostrom
3475:
3473:
3470:
3466:
3465:
3461:
3460:
3459:
3456:
3452:
3451:
3447:
3446:
3445:
3442:
3438:
3437:
3433:
3432:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3414:
3413:
3409:
3408:
3407:
3404:
3400:
3399:
3395:
3394:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3381:
3380:
3376:
3375:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3364:
3356:
3350:
3347:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3323:
3320:
3316:
3313:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3275:Privatization
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3255:Legal plunder
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3213:
3209:
3207:
3206:Expropriation
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3162:
3158:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3137:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3119:
3118:
3114:
3113:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2947:
2943:
2941:
2940:(watercourse)
2939:
2935:
2934:
2931:
2928:
2924:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2883:primogeniture
2881:
2880:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2863:Legal plunder
2861:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2814:appropriation
2812:
2811:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2804:Excludability
2802:
2800:
2797:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2730:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2588:
2583:
2581:
2576:
2574:
2569:
2568:
2565:
2553:
2552:
2542:
2540:
2539:
2529:
2527:
2526:
2516:
2515:
2512:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
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2468:
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2321:
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2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2298:Mortgage loan
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
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2281:
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2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2246:and valuation
2242:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2230:Torrens title
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2215:Real property
2213:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
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2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2114:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2078:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2044:Golf property
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1978:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1897:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1879:
1875:
1868:
1863:
1861:
1856:
1854:
1849:
1848:
1845:
1837:
1833:
1832:971-23-4501-7
1829:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1805:
1802:
1799:, ed., 2007,
1798:
1795:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1769:Robert Cooter
1767:
1764:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1737:
1733:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1716:
1712:
1709:
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1685:
1684:
1676:
1668:
1662:
1654:
1648:
1640:
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1620:
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1443:
1440:
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1348:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
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1296:
1292:
1289:This section
1287:
1284:
1280:
1279:
1274:United States
1271:
1269:
1265:
1261:
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1250:
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1202:
1200:
1196:
1191:
1190:Torrens title
1181:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1149:
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1134:
1132:
1122:
1120:
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1106:
1102:
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1073:
1068:
1066:
1065:transfer deed
1060:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1015:per autre vie
1012:
1008:
1007:per autre vie
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
988:
985:
982:
981:
980:
978:
973:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
917:United States
914:
910:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
883:
879:
876:
873:
870:
867:
866:
864:
863:
859:
854:
851:
847:
844:
841:
838:
837:
836:
834:
830:
829:lot and block
826:
821:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
773:
764:
755:
753:
752:externalities
746:Externalities
743:
740:
726:
724:
718:
716:
712:
708:
703:
698:
694:
690:
688:
684:
683:
678:
677:
671:
670:
664:
654:
652:
648:
644:
640:
639:estate agents
636:
631:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
592:real property
589:
581:
570:
565:
563:
558:
556:
551:
550:
548:
547:
544:
540:
537:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
517:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
499:
498:
497:
493:
489:
488:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
467:
463:
461:
460:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
442:
439:
437:
434:
433:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
397:
396:
395:
391:
390:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
356:
355:
354:
351:
348:
347:
342:
339:
337:
336:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
320:
319:
318:
314:
311:
310:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
266:
264:
263:Torrens title
261:
259:
257:
253:
252:
251:
250:
247:
244:
243:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
211:
208:
207:
206:
203:
201:
198:
196:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
176:
175:
174:
171:
168:
167:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
149:
147:
144:
142:
139:
137:
134:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
108:
107:
106:
102:
101:
96:
93:
91:
90:Real property
88:
86:
83:
81:
78:
77:
76:
75:
71:
70:
66:
62:
61:
57:
53:
52:
49:
46:
45:
40:
33:
19:
3576:Property law
3547:
3533:
3519:
3500:
3486:
3482:Karl Polanyi
3462:
3458:Marcel Mauss
3448:
3434:
3425:David Harvey
3410:
3406:Henry George
3396:
3387:Ronald Coase
3377:
3362:
3308:wife selling
3290:bride buying
3228:repatriation
3210:
3161:Disposession
3115:
3004:Property law
2979:
2975:Forest types
2945:
2937:
2926:Applications
2856:rent-seeking
2841:Gift economy
2720:
2699:Intellectual
2549:
2537:
2523:
2470:Land banking
2369:Land banking
2354:Buyer broker
2328:Rental value
2214:
2151:Conveyancing
1961:Saudi Arabia
1835:
1834:, ed. 2006,
1817:
1807:
1800:
1790:
1776:
1762:
1752:
1749:Ackerman, B.
1735:
1728:
1714:
1707:
1682:
1675:
1661:
1647:
1633:
1619:
1586:
1580:
1569:. Retrieved
1565:
1556:
1538:
1531:
1522:
1516:
1507:
1501:
1492:
1486:
1477:
1468:
1451:
1396:
1355:
1344:
1331:improvements
1330:
1312:
1299:
1295:adding to it
1290:
1268:real actions
1253:
1247:
1232:
1208:
1199:strata title
1187:
1167:
1140:
1130:
1128:
1118:
1115:
1104:
1101:alienability
1100:
1099:Also called
1098:
1089:
1069:
1061:
1057:
1043:
1026:
1014:
1006:
974:
958:bill of sale
943:
908:
881:
856:
845:
839:
822:
779:
770:
761:
749:
741:
737:
719:
702:actio in rem
701:
696:
691:
687:actio in rem
686:
680:
673:
666:
662:
660:
650:
646:
632:
603:
599:
595:
591:
585:
535:
525:Criminal law
502:Contract law
464:
457:
431:Water rights
334:
269:Strata title
255:
246:Conveyancing
227:Condominiums
89:
63:Part of the
48:Property law
3450:Das Kapital
3337:progressive
3327:inheritance
3250:Land reform
3024:real estate
2999:Land tenure
2987:Inheritance
2915:anticommons
2851:Law of rent
2831:Game theory
2761:Information
2741:Common land
2638:Cooperative
2495:Urban decay
2349:Buyer agent
2171:Foreclosure
2166:Encumbrance
2039:Arable land
1951:Puerto Rico
1899:By location
1874:Real estate
1773:Thomas Ulen
1759:Tom Bethell
1447:Real estate
1427:Land tenure
1400:ethnography
1234:English law
1072:condominium
1000:Life estate
758:Development
676:in personam
616:improvement
596:real estate
237:Land tenure
232:Real estate
195:Life estate
103:Acquisition
3581:by country
3543:Adam Smith
3430:John Locke
3094:indigenous
3089:aboriginal
3009:alienation
2704:indigenous
2694:Intangible
2608:Collective
2450:Green belt
2323:Remortgage
2107:Relocation
1906:Bangladesh
1571:2020-05-03
1548:1083338764
1460:References
1323:common law
1315:U.S. State
1223:absolutely
1195:Australian
984:Fee simple
966:land grant
786:lakeshores
734:Immobility
723:Houseboats
651:immobilier
543:Common law
492:common law
453:Assignment
313:Future use
184:Fee simple
161:Alienation
65:common law
3444:Karl Marx
3245:Land Back
3196:Enclosure
3179:biopiracy
3117:Bergregal
3099:squatting
2873:Ownership
2787:Commodity
2766:Knowledge
2677:By nature
2633:Customary
2623:Community
2435:Filtering
2425:Companies
2344:Appraiser
2225:Severance
1921:Indonesia
1785:, 1993, "
1605:cite book
1510:. f. 102.
1335:affidavit
1319:Louisiana
1302:June 2008
1238:civil law
1215:the Crown
1174:sovereign
1159:thereof."
1038:Remainder
1032:Reversion
1021:Leasehold
979:include:
913:surveying
899:Baselines
707:canon law
635:civil law
477:Blackacre
410:Partition
258:purchaser
256:Bona fide
210:remainder
136:Accession
131:Discovery
3598:Category
3571:Property
3464:The Gift
3363:key work
3358:Scholars
3342:property
3299:spousal
3265:Poaching
3201:Eviction
3145:riparian
3106:Littoral
3014:easement
2992:executor
2963:literary
2888:usufruct
2836:Georgism
2716:Tangible
2711:Personal
2618:Communal
2601:By owner
2594:Property
2525:Category
2430:Eviction
2374:Landlord
2176:Land law
1941:Pakistan
1885:Property
1816:, 1988.
1775:, 2003.
1761:, 1998.
1476:(1909).
1432:Landlord
1412:Benefice
1406:See also
1256:advowson
1243:easement
1156:Allodium
1119:trespass
1105:alienate
994:Fee tail
933:Baseline
925:Township
806:surveyor
790:highways
643:Scottish
612:property
530:Evidence
507:Tort law
459:Nemo dat
441:riparian
400:Fixtures
379:Covenant
374:Usufruct
364:Easement
333:Rule in
289:Mortgage
189:Fee tail
151:Bailment
126:Conquest
3379:The Law
3285:Slavery
3111:Mineral
3079:Hunting
3072:pannage
3067:Grazing
3052:Fishing
2938:Acequia
2905:Rivalry
2893:women's
2751:Digital
2733:Commons
2668:Unowned
2643:Private
2538:Commons
2455:Indices
2337:Parties
2136:Closing
2080:Sectors
1417:Fiefdom
1327:Arizona
1317:except
1219:escheat
1209:In the
1045:Estates
946:estates
921:Section
620:fixture
520:estates
315:control
304:Escheat
156:License
32:reality
3260:Piracy
3212:Farhud
3040:Rights
2981:Huerta
2953:Estate
2775:Theory
2756:Global
2658:Social
2648:Public
2613:Common
2543:
2530:
2517:
2475:People
2409:Tenant
2235:Zoning
1956:Russia
1946:Panama
1931:Turkey
1911:Canada
1830:
1771:, and
1593:
1546:
1078:, and
1051:or as
990:party.
846:Bounds
827:, and
810:fences
802:cairns
796:, and
674:actio
669:in rem
667:actio
604:realty
516:trusts
490:Other
369:Profit
67:series
3349:Theft
3135:Water
3029:title
2958:legal
2946:Ejido
2684:Croft
2663:State
2628:Crown
2418:Other
2191:Lease
1980:Types
1936:Kenya
1926:Italy
1916:China
1358:1960s
1325:. In
1313:Each
1264:manor
1170:state
954:lease
862:block
840:Metes
794:roads
711:wills
512:Wills
494:areas
405:Waste
72:Types
3332:poll
3315:wage
3084:Land
2968:real
2721:real
2653:Self
2156:Deed
1828:ISBN
1611:link
1591:ISBN
1544:OCLC
1347:Land
962:will
950:deed
907:The
897:and
860:and
855:The
818:plat
608:land
541:and
518:and
359:Lien
121:Deed
111:Gift
3322:Tax
3047:Air
2117:Law
1789:,"
1297:.
858:lot
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663:res
618:or
586:In
539:Law
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
