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enforcing their lord's will on the less powerful in his area. Though they were surely a symptom rather than a cause of both local baronial bullying and the disputes between the king and his uncles and other lords, Parliament repeatedly tried to curb the use of livery badges. The issuing of badges by lords was attacked in the
Parliament of 1384, and in 1388 they made the startling request that "all liveries called badges , as well of our lord the king as of other lords ... shall be abolished", because "those who wear them are flown with such insolent arrogance that they do not shrink from practising with reckless effrontery various kinds of extortion in the surrounding countryside ... and it is certainly the boldness inspired by these badges that makes them unafraid to do these things". Richard offered to give up his own badges, to the delight of the
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some cases. A particular concern in all the legislation was to forbid the issuing of liveries to those without a permanent contract with the lord; these groups assembled for a particular purpose were believed to be the most dangerous. The
Statute of Liveries of 1506 finally forbade entirely the issuing of liveries to those of higher rank; they had to be domestic servants or persons experienced in the law, unless covered by a specific royal licence. A well-known story, first told by
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409:, who at his departure lined the king's exit route with liveried retainers, for which Henry fined him 15,000 marks. In fact modern historical analysis of the court records shows few prosecutions, but by the end of Henry's reign liveried retainers do seem to have ceased to be a major problem. While the badges of the nobility were carefully restricted, the royal badges of the Tudors, most famously the
4006:
373:" being especially notorious), and in the Parliament of 1399, after his deposition, several of his leading supporters were forbidden from issuing "badges of signes" again, and a statute was passed allowing only the king (now Henry IV) to issue badges, and only to those ranking as esquires and above, who were only to wear them in his presence.
146:. In the fourteenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth centuries, the followers, retainers, dependants, and partisans of famous and powerful personages and houses bore well-known badges – precisely because they were known and recognised. (In contrast, the coat of arms was used exclusively by the individual to whom it belonged.)
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The device spread far beyond the aristocracy as part of the craze for wittily enigmatic constructions in which combinations of pictures and texts were intended to be read together to generate a meaning that could not be derived from either part alone. The device, to all intents and purposes identical
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would only have been worn by the person whose device was represented, members of his family or important supporters, and possibly servants who were in regular very close contact with him. However the jewel lacks the ultimate luxury of being set with gems, for example having ruby eyes, like the lion
507:
in two principal ways. Structurally, the device normally consists of two parts while most emblems have three or more. As well, the device was highly personal, intimately attached to a single individual, while the emblem was constructed to convey a general moral lesson that any reader might apply in
340:
had deposed
Richard, one of Richard's servants was imprisoned by Henry for continuing to wear Richard's livery badge. Many of the large number of badges of various liveries recovered from the Thames in London were perhaps discarded hurriedly by retainers who found themselves impoliticly dressed at
396:
to largely stamp out the use of livery badges by others than the king, and reduce them to things normally worn only by household servants in the case of the aristocracy. Livery badges issues by guilds and corporations, and mayors, were exempt, and these continued in use until the 19th century in
352:
and courtly celebrations, by the reign of his successor
Richard II the badges had become seen as a social menace, and were "one of the most protracted controversies of Richard's reign", as they were used to denote the small private armies of retainers kept by lords, largely for the purpose of
223:, Richard's own badge has pearls on the antler tips, which the angels' badges lack. The white hart in the badge on the Treasury Roll, which the painted one may have copied, had pearls and sat on a grass bed made of emeralds, and a hart badge of Richard's inventoried in the possession of Duke
440:
In the
Renaissance, the badge, now more likely to be described as a "personal device", took an intellectual turn, and was usually combined with a short text or motto, which when read in combination were intended to convey a sense of the aspirations or character of the bearer. These
526:
Particularly well-known examples of devices – so well known that the image could be understood as representing the bearer even without the motto – are those of several French kings, which were freely used to decorate their building projects. These include the porcupine of
242:
Cheaper forms of badge were more widely distributed, sometimes very freely indeed, rather as modern political campaign buttons and tee-shirts are, though as in some modern countries wearing the wrong badge in the wrong place could lead to personal danger. In 1483 King
80:
worn on clothing were common in the late Middle Ages, particularly in
England. They could be made of base metal, cloth or other materials and worn on the clothing of the followers of the person in question; grander forms would be worn by important persons, with the
165:
or play-on-words of the owner's name. It was not uncommon for the same personage or family to use more than one badge; and, on the other hand, two or more badges were often borne in combination, to form a single compound device.
157:, or had a more or less direct reference to such a charge. More often, badges commemorated some remarkable exploit, illustrated a family or feudal alliance, or indicated some territorial rights or pretensions. Some badges are
1075:
came into general use about the reign of Edward III, that is, the heraldic badge as a separate matter having a distinct existence in addition to concurrent arms, and having at the same time a distinctly heraldic
201:
Livery badges were especially common in
England from the mid-fourteenth century until about the end of the fifteenth century, a period of intense factional conflict which saw the deposition of Richard II and the
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as Prince of Wales, a huge number given the population at the time. Other grades of boar badges that have survived are in lead, silver, and gilded copper relief, the last found at
Richard's home of
457:, often dropping links to the actual heraldry of the owner completely. Indeed, by the 16th century, emblems were adopted by intellectuals and merchants who had no heraldry of their own. Later
336:). The mob attacked him, pulling him off his horse and the badge off him, and he had to be rescued by the mayor from suffering serious harm. Over twenty years later, after Gaunt's son
786:: the Monogram (cypher) SS; a crowned eagle; an eagle displayed; a white swan; a red rose; a Columbine flower; a fox's tail; a crowned panther; the Stock (stump) of a tree; a Crescent
990:). The standard is not however granted automatically with the said achievement of arms and badge, but can be requested if a badge is granted and upon payment of a further fee.
417:
when the Tudors completed Henry VI's unfinished building. The Collar of Esses became in effect a badge of office, though of course still denoting allegiance to the monarch.
820:
and
Lancaster (a Tudor Rose); a Portcullis and a Fleur-de-Lis, all of them crowned; a red dragon; a white greyhound; a Hawthorn Bush and Crown, with the cypher H.R.
978:. Whether or not they are so granted is at the option of the grantee, who pays a higher fee if they are. When granted, the badge is typically illustrated on the
938:
came into use instead), though historical badges continue to be used for various purposes as part of royal symbolism (such as the titles of pursuivants in the
369:
wear them. The issue was apparently quiet for a few years, but from 1397 Richard issued increasingly large numbers of badges to retainers who misbehaved (his "
4277:
1450:
4145:
804:: a white rose en Soleil; a white wolf and white lion; a white Hart; a black dragon and black bull; a falcon and Fetter-lock; the Sun in Splendor
413:
that signified the union of the
Lancastrian and Yorkist dynasties, were used more widely than ever before, for example being added freely to
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worn as a badge indicates allegiance to, or the property of, an individual, family or corporate body. Medieval forms are usually called a
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were adopted by individuals as part of an overall programme of theatrical disguise for a specific event or series of events, such as the
867:: a Tudor Rose impaling a pomegranate, also impaling a Sheaf of Arrows, ensigned with a Crown, and surrounded with Rays; a pomegranate
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with the motto "Nutrisco et extinguo" (right, at Chambord). These and many more were collected by Claude Paradin and published in his
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1427:
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739:: a star of thirteen rays and a crescent; a star issuing from a crescent; a mailed arm grasping a broken lance, with the motto
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414:
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267:. The British Museum also has a swan badge in flat lead, typical of the cheap metal badges which were similar to the
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1491:
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402:
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17:
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974:, and have since then often been included in new grants of arms, in addition to the traditional grant of the
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refused to give up theirs, and the matter was put off. In 1390 it was ordered that no one below the rank of
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with its motto "Eminus et cominus" or "De pres et de loin" (left, over a doorway at Blois) and the crowned
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Imprese from Jacobus Typotius, Symbola Divina et Humana (Prague, 1601), engraved by Aegidius Sadeler II.
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Badges with "a distinctly heraldic character" in England date to about the reign (1327–1377) of King
780:: a White Hart lodged; the Stock (stump) of a tree; a white falcon; a Sun in Splendor; a Sun Clouded
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1981:
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contained large numbers of emblems, partly to allow people to choose one they thought suited them.
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as Regent was highly unpopular in London, one of his more than 200 retainers, the Scottish knight
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were also given to important persons, often with the badge as a pendant. The badge would also be
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of 1551 and 1557, which gives the motto of Louis XII as "Ultos avos Troiae". Later the sun of
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but unsupported in the remaining records, has Henry visiting his principal military commander
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were sometimes united to form a single badge. The successors of that family, including
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1507:. The Institute of Historical Research and Royal Holloway, University of London.
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Non-traditional, regional, or rarely used (sometimes considered unheraldic)
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and his wife and several examples listed on the 1397 treasure roll of King
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uniforms, and other belongings. Many medieval badges survive in English
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of the person or family they represent, though many do, often taking the
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1987:
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in Yorkshire, and very likely worn by one of his household when he was
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792:: a fire-beacon; a white swan gorged and chained; a chained antelope
74:
or supporters. Their use is more flexible than that of arms proper.
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4173:
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3754:
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2632:
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2424:
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1872:
1600:
1353:
Campbell, Marian (1987). Alexander, Jonathan; Binski, Paul (eds.).
877:(a Rose without a Thorn); a crowned falcon and sceptre; her motto,
484:
473:
362:
236:
94:
2851:
2803:
1501:
Stratford, Jenny (2007). "The swan badge and the Dunstable Swan".
66:. They are para-heraldic, not necessarily using elements from the
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2012:
1967:
1763:
1724:
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248:
826:: the same, without the Hawthorn Bush and with a White Cockerel
798:: two ostrich feathers in Saltire; a chained antelope; a panther
122:
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2027:
2017:
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1641:
1552:
600:. A swan was also used by several Princes of Wales, as in the
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446:
420:
232:
183:
102:
51:
4005:
1362:
Cherry, John (2003). Marks, Richard; Williamson, Paul (eds.).
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3207:
3203:
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1884:
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that became fashionable in Italy, and used the vocabulary of
158:
77:
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2798:
2007:
1569:
987:
926:: a Tudor rose-branch and a thistle growing from one branch
3354:
1052:. Skyhorse Publishing Inc. (published 2007). p. 453.
669:: the personal badge of Richard Duke of Gloucester, later
633:: a distinctive three-looped knot originally borne by the
328:, unwisely rode through London wearing Gaunt's badge on a
4051:
934:
in 1714, British monarchs ceased to use personal badges (
853:: a Maiden's Head crowned, rising from a large Tudor Rose
162:
320:
In 1377, during a period when the young Richard's uncle
3261:
heads of currently or formerly sovereign royal families
1355:
Age of Chivalry, Art in Plantagenet England, 1200-1400
586:, bore the "bear and ragged staff" as a single device.
4278:
Knowledge:WikiProject Orders, decorations, and medals
1504:
Richard II's Treasure; the riches of a medieval king
1199:
for a concise account of the upheavals of his reign.
578:
Bear and ragged staff: both badges of the Beauchamp
42:
as heir apparent to the crown of the United Kingdom.
4258:
is the accepted criterion for official distinctions
885:
1404:
1357:. London: Royal Academy/Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
365:should issue badges, and no one below the rank of
344:Apparently beginning relatively harmlessly under
4297:
1483:The Archaeology of the Medieval English Monarchy
1430:. In Goodman, Anthony; Gillespie, James (eds.).
4146:International Commission for Orders of Chivalry
3251:and their national/public/official authorities
844:: a phoenix rising from a castle, between two
3167:
1585:
1566:- two editions of Paradin are available here
1425:
1319:As of January 2010, the extra fee is £1,000.
1280:
1256:
1232:
1220:
1184:
966:Heraldic badges were revived in 1906 by the
953:in addition to all her other badges assumed
677:
637:, and today pictured in the coat of arms of
421:Renaissance and early modern personal device
392:In the end it took a determined campaign by
942:), and there is now a general badge of the
169:
3376:
3174:
3160:
1592:
1578:
1458:. Vol. 4 vols. Boydell & Brewer.
1411:. University of California Press. Part 2.
1381:
1042:
832:: a rose, pomegranate, and Sheaf of Arrows
1500:
1192:
1106:
982:containing the grant of arms, and upon a
4268:Category:Orders, decorations, and medals
1352:
1191:, p. 132 for Gaunt's retinue. See
1121:
687:
558:
549:
510:
463:
424:
375:
332:(an innovation of Gaunt's, probably the
173:
121:
29:
1448:
1402:
1307:
596:derives from the "shield for peace" of
14:
4298:
1479:
1361:
1296:History of the Reign of King Henry VII
1208:
1188:
1172:
1160:
1133:
719:; a Plume of Ostrich Feathers; Motto:
522:, with letter "F", Château de Chambord
128:Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham
3155:
1573:
1331:
1268:
1244:
838:: a crowned falcon, holding a Sceptre
810:: the White Boar, the Sun in Splendor
314:and the angels wearing livery badges.
271:that were also common in the period.
186:badge from about 1400 AD, perhaps of
4254:* = Direct or indirect reference to
3973:Prizes known as the Nobel of a field
1512:This article incorporates text from
1452:Heraldic Badges in England and Wales
1428:"Richard II and the Higher Nobility"
920:: same as James I, without his motto
758:: a heraldic rose or, stalked proper
231:in 1435 was set with 22 pearls, two
4273:
1517:' 1914 edition of Charles Boutell's
1382:Fox-Davies, Arthur Charles (1907).
1378:(part of text given on BM database)
861:: a Tudor Rose; the sun in splendor
569:a swan argent gorged and chained or
85:in enamelled gold a rare survivor.
24:
1148:, which it appears was originally
25:
4317:
1545:
1403:Chrimes, Stanley Bertram (1972).
1364:Gothic: Art for England 1400-1547
651:. A white hind was the badge of
554:Badges of Earls of Stafford, 1720
403:John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford
112:
4272:
4263:
4262:
4004:
3997:
3990:
3181:
3127:
2793:
2761:
1551:
1523:The Handbook to English Heraldry
1449:Siddons, Michael Powell (2009).
1366:. London: V&A Publications.
1146:BBC article on silver boar badge
886:Royal badges of British monarchs
873:: a Tudor Rose, with the motto,
752:: a star issuing from a crescent
623:, the two warring houses of the
584:Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester
472:By the later sixteenth century,
449:were used on the reverse of the
415:King's College Chapel, Cambridge
287:
278:
1432:Richard II: The Art of Kingship
1313:
1301:
1286:
1274:
1262:
1250:
1238:
1226:
1214:
1202:
723:(No force alters their fashion)
255:for the investiture of his son
149:Badges occasionally imitated a
1178:
1166:
1154:
1139:
1127:
1115:
1100:
1081:
1073:Heraldic Badge, as we know it,
1036:
13:
1:
1325:
906:(Blessed are the peacemakers)
898:; a thistle and a Tudor rose
715:: a flower of seven foils; a
304:
239:, a ruby and a huge diamond.
4283:Knowledge:WikiProject Awards
3192:Auxiliary science of history
2884:(metal in the United States)
1599:
1426:Given-Wilson, Chris (2003).
1049:A Complete Guide to Heraldry
1000:Badge of the Royal Air Force
902:and Crowned, with the motto
639:Staffordshire County Council
592:: the personal badge of the
38:, which is the badge of the
7:
4090:Fraternities and sororities
1434:. Oxford University Press.
1197:Richard II's life and reign
993:
355:House of Commons of England
251:cloth with his emblem of a
206:. A lavish badge like the
130:, about 1475, features the
10:
4322:
1111:Miscellaneous gold objects
1044:Fox-Davies, Arthur Charles
961:
930:With the accession of the
733:; a Sword and Olive branch
681:
590:Prince of Wales's feathers
117:
36:Prince of Wales's feathers
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2526:
2463:
2278:
2212:
2149:
2088:
1943:
1910:
1833:
1717:
1662:
1607:
1564:French Emblems at Glasgow
1005:Distinctive unit insignia
729:: the Planta-genista; an
709:: a flower of eight foils
678:Badges of English royalty
455:Renaissance Neo-Platonism
247:ordered 13,000 badges in
1093:National Gallery, London
1030:
721:Vi nulla invertitur ordo
703:: a flower of five foils
647:: the personal badge of
598:Edward, the Black Prince
433:, with the porcupine of
170:Livery badges in England
3122:List of oldest heraldry
1020:Royal Badges of England
957:, one in 1953 and 2008.
684:Royal Badges of England
1335:A Companion to Chaucer
1175:, p. 203; no. 68a
1087:in their portraits by
696:
555:
523:
469:
437:
389:
198:
139:
54:, impresa, device, or
43:
1480:Steane, John (1999).
1332:Brown, Peter (2002).
1163:, p. 204; no. 69
764:: a castle of Castile
691:
649:Richard II of England
621:Red Rose of Lancaster
559:Famous English badges
553:
514:
508:his or her own life.
467:
428:
379:
177:
125:
33:
4151:Magical organization
3611:Intellectual freedom
3419:Master of ceremonies
1560:at Wikimedia Commons
1025:Scottish crest badge
955:two badges for Wales
692:Modern badge of the
613:Henry VII of England
602:Dunstable Swan Jewel
547:was equally famous.
208:Dunstable Swan Jewel
180:Dunstable Swan Jewel
83:Dunstable Swan Jewel
4216:Order of precedence
3134:Heraldry portal
2561:Hastings/Hungerford
1848:Crowns and coronets
1820:National traditions
1338:. Wiley-Blackwell.
1281:Given-Wilson (2003)
1257:Given-Wilson (2003)
1233:Given-Wilson (2003)
1221:Given-Wilson (2003)
1185:Given-Wilson (2003)
830:Catherine of Aragon
635:Dukes of Buckingham
520:Francis I of France
503:, differs from the
493:Accession Day tilts
101:, horse trappings,
4129:Hereditary society
3346:Royal family order
2518:Waterlily/Seeblatt
1742:Ancient and modern
1532:, which is in the
1310:, pp. 187–192
1046:(1909). "Badges".
972:Alfred Scott-Gatty
697:
653:Christopher Hatton
617:White Rose of York
556:
524:
474:allegorical badges
470:
438:
390:
199:
140:
44:
4293:
4292:
4259:
4204:Campaign streamer
3986:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3931:
3930:
3766:
3748:
3747:
3744:
3743:
3702:
3701:
3532:
3531:
3427:
3426:
3370:
3324:Order of chivalry
3303:
3302:
3296:
3293:Self-styled order
3149:
3148:
2990:
2989:
2928:(color in Canada)
2614:
2613:
1556:Media related to
1528:Project Gutenberg
1465:978-1-84383-493-9
1418:978-0-520-02266-9
984:heraldic standard
881:(Always the same)
625:Wars of the Roses
611:badge adopted by
541:Devises héroïques
211:pendants worn by
204:Wars of the Roses
16:(Redirected from
4313:
4276:
4275:
4266:
4265:
4253:
4231:Awareness ribbon
4226:Devotional medal
4139:Gentlemen's club
4008:
4001:
3994:
3781:
3780:
3770:
3769:
3758:
3712:Religion-related
3594:
3593:
3545:
3544:
3374:
3373:
3359:
3352:
3351:
3312:
3311:
3290:
3238:Founts of honour
3234:
3233:
3227:
3226:
3176:
3169:
3162:
3153:
3152:
3132:
3131:
3130:
2970:
2957:
2949:
2941:
2933:
2923:
2913:
2905:
2902:
2894:
2879:
2871:
2863:
2850:
2847:
2838:
2835:
2826:
2823:
2797:
2765:
2741:
2738:
2729:
2726:
2717:
2714:
2705:
2702:
2693:
2690:
2670:
2667:
2658:
2655:
2644:
2643:
2628:Rule of tincture
2345:Griffin/Keythong
1941:
1940:
1632:Officers of arms
1594:
1587:
1580:
1571:
1570:
1555:
1530:
1515:A. C. Fox-Davies
1508:
1497:
1476:
1474:
1468:. Archived from
1457:
1445:
1422:
1410:
1399:
1377:
1358:
1349:
1320:
1317:
1311:
1305:
1299:
1290:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1248:
1242:
1236:
1230:
1224:
1218:
1212:
1206:
1200:
1193:Stratford (2007)
1182:
1176:
1170:
1164:
1158:
1152:
1143:
1137:
1131:
1125:
1119:
1113:
1107:Stratford (2007)
1104:
1098:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1068:
1066:
1040:
944:House of Windsor
932:House of Hanover
694:House of Windsor
580:Earls of Warwick
535:among flames of
491:typified by the
431:Château de Blois
407:Hedingham Castle
371:Cheshire archers
348:in a context of
326:Sir John Swinton
309:
306:
291:
282:
261:Middleham Castle
153:in the bearer's
21:
4321:
4320:
4316:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4311:
4310:
4306:Heraldic badges
4296:
4295:
4294:
4289:
4256:fount of honour
4245:
4236:Code of conduct
4221:Honorary degree
4166:
4160:
4156:Religious order
4112:Learned society
4085:Fraternal order
4067:
4061:
4017:
4011:
4010:
4009:
4003:
4002:
3996:
3995:
3978:
3927:
3835:
3774:
3762:
3757:
3740:
3698:
3640:
3626:Humanitarianism
3585:
3577:
3573:Law enforcement
3563:List of highest
3551:
3539:
3528:
3480:
3423:
3365:
3358:
3350:
3299:
3266:
3218:
3210:
3185:
3180:
3150:
3145:
3128:
3126:
3110:
3062:
2986:
2968:
2963:
2955:
2947:
2939:
2931:
2921:
2911:
2903:
2900:
2892:
2887:
2877:
2869:
2861:
2856:
2848:
2845:
2836:
2833:
2824:
2821:
2810:
2748:
2739:
2736:
2727:
2724:
2715:
2712:
2703:
2700:
2691:
2688:
2677:
2668:
2665:
2656:
2653:
2642:
2610:
2576:Hungerford knot
2546:Cavendish/Savoy
2522:
2459:
2274:
2208:
2145:
2084:
1939:
1906:
1829:
1713:
1658:
1603:
1598:
1558:Heraldic badges
1548:
1520:
1494:
1472:
1466:
1455:
1442:
1419:
1396:
1385:Heraldic Badges
1374:
1346:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1314:
1306:
1302:
1291:
1287:
1279:
1275:
1267:
1263:
1255:
1251:
1243:
1239:
1231:
1227:
1219:
1215:
1207:
1203:
1187:, p. 124.
1183:
1179:
1171:
1167:
1159:
1155:
1144:
1140:
1132:
1128:
1122:Campbell (1987)
1120:
1116:
1105:
1101:
1086:
1082:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1041:
1037:
1033:
996:
968:College of Arms
964:
940:College of Arms
888:
875:Rosa sine Spina
686:
680:
657:Lord Chancellor
594:Prince of Wales
575:and descendants
573:De Bohun family
571:: Badge of the
561:
499:to the Italian
489:Elizabethan era
451:portrait-medals
423:
341:various times.
334:Collar of Esses
318:
317:
316:
315:
307:
294:
293:
292:
284:
283:
225:Philip the Good
192:Prince of Wales
172:
120:
115:
56:personal device
40:Prince of Wales
28:
27:Heraldic badges
23:
22:
18:Heraldic device
15:
12:
11:
5:
4319:
4309:
4308:
4291:
4290:
4288:
4287:
4286:
4285:
4270:
4260:
4250:
4247:
4246:
4244:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4207:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4170:
4168:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4142:
4141:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4120:
4119:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4098:
4097:
4095:Secret society
4092:
4087:
4082:
4071:
4069:
4063:
4062:
4060:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4043:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4021:
4019:
4013:
4012:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3976:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3953:
3952:
3941:
3939:
3933:
3932:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3925:
3920:
3919:
3918:
3913:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3887:
3886:
3881:
3871:
3870:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3849:
3843:
3841:
3837:
3836:
3834:
3833:
3832:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3811:
3810:
3809:
3795:
3789:
3787:
3778:
3767:
3750:
3749:
3746:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3738:
3733:
3732:
3731:
3721:
3720:
3719:
3717:Ecclesiastical
3709:
3703:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3650:
3648:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3602:
3600:
3591:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3575:
3570:
3568:Campaign medal
3565:
3559:
3557:
3542:
3534:
3533:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3488:
3482:
3481:
3479:
3478:
3477:
3476:
3471:
3461:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3380:
3378:
3371:
3349:
3348:
3343:
3341:Order of merit
3338:
3337:
3336:
3334:Colonial order
3331:
3329:Military order
3320:
3318:
3309:
3305:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3297:
3288:
3285:
3280:
3278:Ecclesiastical
3274:
3272:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3263:
3262:
3254:
3253:
3252:
3243:
3241:
3231:
3224:
3212:
3211:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3179:
3178:
3171:
3164:
3156:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3142:
3141:
3124:
3119:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3087:
3086:
3076:
3070:
3068:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3060:
3058:Trophy of arms
3055:
3050:
3049:
3048:
3038:
3037:
3036:
3026:
3021:
3020:
3019:
3017:banner of arms
3009:
3004:
2998:
2996:
2992:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2984:
2979:
2973:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2953:
2945:
2937:
2929:
2919:
2909:
2897:
2895:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2885:
2875:
2866:
2864:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2854:
2843:
2831:
2818:
2816:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2806:
2791:
2790:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2758:
2756:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2746:
2734:
2722:
2710:
2698:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2663:
2650:
2648:
2641:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2624:
2622:
2616:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2603:
2601:Tristram/Bowen
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2532:
2530:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2467:
2465:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2331:
2330:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2284:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2195:
2194:
2189:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2153:
2151:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1949:
1947:
1938:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1916:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1882:
1881:
1880:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1839:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1816:
1815:
1810:
1800:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1788:
1778:
1773:
1772:
1771:
1761:
1756:
1755:
1754:
1744:
1739:
1738:
1737:
1727:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1695:
1694:
1687:Ecclesiastical
1684:
1683:
1682:
1677:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1597:
1596:
1589:
1582:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1561:
1547:
1546:External links
1544:
1543:
1542:
1518:
1509:
1498:
1492:
1477:
1475:on 2011-10-01.
1464:
1446:
1440:
1423:
1417:
1400:
1394:
1379:
1372:
1359:
1350:
1344:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1321:
1312:
1308:Chrimes (1972)
1300:
1285:
1273:
1261:
1249:
1237:
1225:
1213:
1201:
1177:
1165:
1153:
1138:
1126:
1114:
1099:
1080:
1058:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1015:Naval heraldry
1012:
1007:
1002:
995:
992:
980:letters patent
963:
960:
959:
958:
928:
927:
921:
907:
904:Beati Pacifici
887:
884:
883:
882:
868:
862:
856:
855:
854:
851:Catherine Parr
848:
839:
833:
821:
811:
805:
799:
793:
787:
781:
775:
765:
759:
753:
743:
734:
724:
710:
704:
682:Main article:
679:
676:
675:
674:
664:
642:
628:
605:
587:
576:
560:
557:
518:badge of King
422:
419:
386:House of Tudor
359:House of Lords
310:–99), showing
300:Wilton Diptych
296:
295:
286:
285:
277:
276:
275:
274:
273:
269:pilgrim badges
221:Wilton Diptych
213:Sir John Donne
196:British Museum
171:
168:
119:
116:
114:
113:Medieval usage
111:
87:Livery collars
48:heraldic badge
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4318:
4307:
4304:
4303:
4301:
4284:
4281:
4280:
4279:
4271:
4269:
4261:
4257:
4252:
4251:
4248:
4242:
4241:Code of honor
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4199:Battle honour
4197:
4195:
4192:
4191:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4163:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4140:
4137:
4136:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4124:Honor society
4122:
4118:
4115:
4114:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4080:Confraternity
4078:
4077:
4076:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4068:organisations
4064:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4027:
4026:
4023:
4022:
4020:
4014:
4007:
4000:
3993:
3975:
3974:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3951:
3948:
3947:
3946:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3938:
3934:
3924:
3923:Shoulder mark
3921:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3876:
3875:
3872:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3838:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3816:
3815:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3803:
3802:
3801:/Grand Cordon
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3786:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3776:(decorations)
3771:
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3486:Jurisdictions
3483:
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3462:
3460:
3456:
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3435:/Grand Cordon
3433:
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3405:
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3283:Organisations
3281:
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3140:
3137:
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3107:
3106:Sigillography
3104:
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2499:
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2479:
2477:
2476:Laurel wreath
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2205:
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2044:
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2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1979:
1976:
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1956:
1954:
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1640:
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1635:
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1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1617:Grant of arms
1615:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1606:
1602:
1595:
1590:
1588:
1583:
1581:
1576:
1575:
1572:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1554:
1550:
1549:
1541:
1539:
1538:United States
1535:
1534:public domain
1529:
1525:
1524:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1506:
1505:
1499:
1495:
1493:0-415-19788-0
1489:
1486:. Routledge.
1485:
1484:
1478:
1471:
1467:
1461:
1454:
1453:
1447:
1443:
1441:0-19-926220-9
1437:
1433:
1429:
1424:
1420:
1414:
1409:
1408:
1401:
1397:
1395:9781115791069
1391:
1387:
1386:
1380:
1375:
1373:1-85177-401-7
1369:
1365:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1347:
1345:0-631-23590-6
1341:
1337:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1316:
1309:
1304:
1297:
1294:
1289:
1283:, p. 126
1282:
1277:
1271:, p. 117
1270:
1265:
1259:, p. 125
1258:
1253:
1247:, p. 117
1246:
1241:
1235:, p. 126
1234:
1229:
1223:, p. 123
1222:
1217:
1211:, p. 132
1210:
1209:Steane (1999)
1205:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1189:Steane (1999)
1186:
1181:
1174:
1173:Cherry (2003)
1169:
1162:
1161:Cherry (2003)
1157:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1136:, p. 204
1135:
1134:Cherry (2003)
1130:
1124:, p. 524
1123:
1118:
1112:
1108:
1103:
1097:
1094:
1091:, now in the
1090:
1084:
1077:
1074:
1061:
1059:9781602390010
1055:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1039:
1035:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
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1003:
1001:
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989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
956:
952:
949:
948:
947:
945:
941:
937:
936:Royal Cyphers
933:
925:
922:
919:
915:
911:
908:
905:
901:
897:
893:
890:
889:
880:
876:
872:
869:
866:
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860:
857:
852:
849:
847:
843:
840:
837:
834:
831:
828:
827:
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822:
819:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
785:
782:
779:
776:
773:
769:
766:
763:
760:
757:
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751:
747:
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742:
738:
735:
732:
728:
725:
722:
718:
714:
711:
708:
705:
702:
699:
698:
695:
690:
685:
672:
668:
665:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
643:
640:
636:
632:
631:Stafford knot
629:
626:
622:
618:
615:combines the
614:
610:
606:
603:
599:
595:
591:
588:
585:
581:
577:
574:
570:
566:
563:
562:
552:
548:
546:
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538:
534:
530:
521:
517:
513:
509:
506:
502:
496:
494:
490:
486:
483:
479:
475:
466:
462:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
436:
432:
427:
418:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
399:Francis Bacon
395:
387:
384:badge of the
383:
378:
374:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
351:
347:
342:
339:
335:
331:
330:livery collar
327:
323:
322:John of Gaunt
313:
302:
301:
290:
281:
272:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
240:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
209:
205:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
176:
167:
164:
160:
156:
152:
147:
145:
137:
133:
132:Stafford knot
129:
124:
110:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
79:
75:
73:
69:
65:
62:, and also a
61:
57:
53:
49:
41:
37:
32:
19:
4194:Service flag
3971:
3878:
3829:Medal ribbon
3800:
3775:
3761:Named after
3654:Architecture
3616:Human rights
3512:
3434:
3384:Grand master
3367:Post-nominal
3216:Distinctions
3215:
3183:Phaleristics
3096:Phaleristics
3029:Roll of arms
3023:
2995:Applications
2907:Bleu celeste
2893:Rare colours
2586:Ormonde/Wake
2471:Fleur-de-lis
2033:Inescutcheon
1998:Crozier head
1843:Coat of arms
1730:Augmentation
1637:King of Arms
1531:
1521:
1511:
1503:
1482:
1470:the original
1451:
1431:
1406:
1384:
1363:
1354:
1334:
1315:
1303:
1295:
1288:
1276:
1269:Brown (2002)
1264:
1252:
1245:Brown (2002)
1240:
1228:
1216:
1204:
1180:
1168:
1156:
1141:
1129:
1117:
1102:
1089:Hans Memling
1083:
1072:
1070:
1063:. Retrieved
1048:
1038:
976:coat of arms
965:
951:Elizabeth II
929:
903:
879:Semper Eadem
878:
874:
842:Jane Seymour
818:Rose of York
772:Fleur-de-Lys
741:Christo Duce
740:
720:
568:
540:
537:François Ier
525:
500:
497:
477:
471:
459:emblem books
442:
439:
391:
343:
319:
298:
265:Duke of York
241:
220:
200:
155:coat of arms
148:
141:
126:Standard of
76:
68:coat of arms
63:
60:livery badge
59:
55:
47:
45:
4189:Vexillology
4179:Numismatics
4040:Passage fee
4016:Ceremonies
3798:Grand Cross
3773:For wearing
3520:Grand Lodge
3450:Hospitaller
3432:Grand Cross
3377:By function
3230:By conferee
3204:decorations
3196:numismatics
3101:Vexillology
2862:Rare metals
2842:(blood red)
2440:Winged lion
2420:Sea-griffin
2355:Hippocampus
2288:Allocamelus
1930:Fimbriation
1858:Compartment
1835:Achievement
1803:Marshalling
1769:distinction
1627:Law of arms
1612:Authorities
1388:. J. Lane.
1150:silver-gilt
871:Elizabeth I
846:Tudor Roses
836:Anne Boleyn
808:Richard III
731:Escarbuncle
717:Sagittarius
671:Richard III
661:Elizabeth I
607:Roses: the
482:fancy dress
350:tournaments
308: 1395
245:Richard III
161:, making a
91:embroidered
4117:Fellowship
4075:Fraternity
4057:Collar day
4018:and events
3862:Collar pin
3684:Philosophy
3674:Literature
3508:Commandery
3389:Chancellor
3287:Commercial
3046:equestrian
2830:(mulberry)
2556:Harrington
2486:Quatrefoil
2415:Salamander
2360:Hippogriff
2318:Cockatrice
2298:Amphiptere
2270:Wolfsangel
2250:Portcullis
2162:Black swan
2116:Camelopard
1945:Ordinaries
1863:Escutcheon
1813:impalement
1808:quartering
1791:variations
1709:Attributed
1647:pursuivant
1326:References
1076:character.
1065:16 October
914:Charles II
900:dimidiated
824:Henry VIII
778:Richard II
768:Edward III
701:William II
667:White Boar
645:White Hart
609:Tudor rose
565:Bohun swan
533:salamander
516:Salamander
411:Tudor rose
382:Tudor Rose
357:, but the
346:Edward III
312:Richard II
253:white boar
217:Richard II
144:Edward III
136:Bohun swan
64:cognizance
4107:Syndicate
4035:Feoffment
3957:Plaquette
3891:Epaulette
3857:Lapel pin
3852:Award pin
3824:Medal bar
3636:Volunteer
3514:Obedience
3498:Bailiwick
3464:Postulant
3440:Commander
3394:Treasurer
3257:Dynasties
3139:resources
3084:socialist
3007:Hatchment
3002:Bookplate
2982:Carnation
2969:Realistic
2782:Erminites
2620:Tinctures
2571:Hinckaert
2536:Bourchier
2390:Ouroboros
2375:Manticore
2280:Legendary
2255:Reremouse
2192:Przepaska
2121:Hind/stag
2111:Dog/hound
1920:Attitudes
1897:Supporter
1825:Societies
1786:divisions
1735:abatement
1407:Henry VII
1010:Cap badge
910:Charles I
859:Edward VI
814:Henry VII
802:Edward IV
762:Edward II
750:Henry III
737:Richard I
545:Louis XIV
529:Louis XII
435:Louis XII
394:Henry VII
237:sapphires
219:. In the
107:pub names
99:standards
95:appliqued
4300:Category
4211:Nobility
4184:Heraldry
4174:Chivalry
4167:concepts
4165:Related
4066:Related
4047:Festival
4025:Accolade
3911:Campaign
3879:Heraldic
3755:insignia
3729:Scouting
3631:Politics
3583:Civilian
3549:Military
3540:by field
3414:Chaplain
3399:Assessor
3091:Logotype
3034:Illyrian
2916:Brunâtre
2840:Sanguine
2777:Erminois
2745:(purple)
2638:Hatching
2633:Tricking
2596:Stafford
2496:Shamrock
2445:Woodwose
2425:Sea-lion
2395:Pantheon
2370:Lindworm
2313:Chollima
2308:Biscione
2303:Basilisk
2225:Crapaudy
2126:Kangaroo
1988:Componée
1982:Łękawica
1878:pavilion
1873:Mantling
1752:courtesy
1747:Alliance
1675:dominion
1670:National
1601:Heraldry
994:See also
918:James II
796:Henry VI
784:Henry IV
756:Edward I
727:Henry II
619:and the
443:impresas
363:banneret
338:Henry IV
229:Burgundy
3962:Rosette
3916:Service
3884:Pilgrim
3867:Tie pin
3847:Rosette
3819:Necklet
3707:Science
3694:Theatre
3669:History
3646:Culture
3598:Society
3538:Others,
3503:Chapter
3493:Charter
3445:Officer
3404:Bailiff
3308:By type
3271:Private
3067:Related
2935:Cendrée
2918:(brown)
2772:Ermines
2743:Purpure
2733:(green)
2709:(black)
2682:Colours
2662:(white)
2566:Heneage
2508:Thistle
2501:Trefoil
2435:Unicorn
2410:Phoenix
2405:Pegasus
2400:Panther
2385:Musimon
2380:Mermaid
2365:Lampago
2335:Enfield
2328:Chinese
2265:Serpent
2260:Scallop
2230:Dolphin
2204:Pelican
2199:Martlet
2187:Szaszor
2157:Alerion
2131:Leopard
2106:Bull/ox
2080:Saltire
2068:Roundel
2043:Lozenge
2013:Flaunch
1978:Chevron
1968:Bordure
1953:Annulet
1925:Erasure
1912:Charges
1776:Canting
1764:Cadency
1725:Armiger
1699:Burgher
1652:private
1622:History
1536:in the
962:Revival
896:thistle
892:James I
790:Henry V
713:Stephen
707:Henry I
501:impresa
487:of the
478:impresa
476:called
447:emblems
367:esquire
249:fustian
233:spinels
188:Henry V
159:rebuses
138:badges.
118:Origins
3945:Trophy
3937:Prizes
3906:Button
3896:Ribbon
3793:Collar
3785:Formal
3763:people
3736:Beauty
3724:Sports
3689:Poetry
3469:Squire
3455:Knight
3362:Styles
3356:Titles
3316:Orders
3247:States
3208:medals
3206:, and
3200:orders
3198:about
3079:Emblem
3053:Tabard
2977:Proper
2956:
2951:Orange
2948:
2940:
2932:
2924:
2922:
2914:
2912:
2904:
2901:
2880:
2878:
2873:Copper
2870:
2849:
2846:
2837:
2834:
2828:Murrey
2825:
2822:
2815:Stains
2804:Potent
2767:Ermine
2740:
2737:
2728:
2725:
2721:(blue)
2716:
2713:
2704:
2701:
2692:
2689:
2674:(gold)
2669:
2666:
2660:Argent
2657:
2654:
2647:Metals
2513:Turnip
2464:Plants
2450:Wyvern
2340:Garuda
2323:Dragon
2293:Alphyn
2089:Beasts
2073:Bezant
2028:Hamade
2018:Goutte
1973:Canton
1890:slogan
1868:Helmet
1759:Blazon
1718:Topics
1642:herald
1490:
1462:
1438:
1415:
1392:
1370:
1342:
1095:; see
1056:
970:under
865:Mary I
659:under
505:emblem
485:jousts
257:Edward
235:, two
184:livery
151:charge
103:livery
78:Badges
52:emblem
4102:Guild
4030:Vigil
3967:Money
3874:Badge
3840:Other
3814:Medal
3805:with
3679:Music
3606:Peace
3525:Lodge
3409:Prior
3221:Lists
3024:Badge
2943:Ochre
2852:Tenné
2719:Azure
2707:Sable
2697:(red)
2695:Gules
2591:Savoy
2551:Dacre
2541:Bowen
2528:Knots
2430:Tyger
2350:Harpy
2235:Emmet
2213:Other
2182:Eagle
2150:Birds
2038:Label
2023:Gyron
2003:Chief
1993:Cross
1935:Lines
1902:Torse
1885:Motto
1853:Crest
1798:Fraud
1781:Field
1704:Women
1692:papal
1680:civic
1663:Types
1473:(PDF)
1456:(PDF)
1293:Bacon
1031:Notes
72:crest
4134:Club
3901:Ring
3807:sash
3664:Film
3588:List
3554:List
3474:Page
3459:Dame
3194:and
3041:Seal
3012:Flag
2959:Rose
2926:Buff
2882:Buff
2799:Vair
2787:Pean
2754:Furs
2731:Vert
2606:Wake
2581:Lacy
2491:Rose
2455:Yale
2245:Lucy
2177:Dove
2172:Crow
2167:Cock
2141:Wolf
2136:Lion
2101:Boar
2096:Bear
2063:Pile
2058:Pall
2053:Pale
2048:Orle
2008:Fess
1963:Bend
1488:ISBN
1460:ISBN
1436:ISBN
1413:ISBN
1390:ISBN
1368:ISBN
1340:ISBN
1071:The
1067:2020
1054:ISBN
988:flag
924:Anne
916:and
894:: a
816:: a
770:: a
748:and
746:John
429:The
380:The
297:The
182:, a
178:The
134:and
34:The
4052:Vow
3950:War
3753:By
3659:Art
3621:Law
3074:Mon
2481:Oak
2240:Ged
2220:Bee
1958:Bar
1526:at
445:or
405:at
227:of
190:as
163:pun
97:on
93:or
4302::
3202:,
2672:Or
1195:,
1109:,
1069:.
946:.
912:,
655:,
567:,
495:.
305:c.
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3759:(
3590:)
3586:(
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3552:(
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3360:(
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3175:e
3168:t
3161:v
1984:)
1980:(
1593:e
1586:t
1579:v
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