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568:(14 February) 1869. b. Hooker, based on interviews with Williams' son (Henry F. S. Williams) and daughter (Agnes W. Burns), puts the date at March 1869. As Hooker states in his book (p. 3): "Most modern writers have hyphenated his name without justification." c. c. Sherwood supports Ronald Noel's research in ''Henry Sylvestre-Williams: a new enquiry into an old hero'' M. Phil Dissertation, UWI St. Augustine 2006, p. 22, that located the registration of Williams' birth on 24 March 1867 in Barbados and maintained that Williams migrated to Trinidad with his parents and as a small boy.
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194:, was in favour of reform in government and was constantly at odds with the white ruling class. He frequently gave judgments against the establishment and was so beloved by the man in the street that he was known as "Papa Gorrie". Williams exhorted the teachers to act as professionals. This is a free country, he reminded them, even if it is a Crown Colony. Gorrie undoubtedly would have influenced his thinking.
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317:(APS), speaking in particular about South Africa. The meeting of these minds resulted in the formation of the African Association. Stating that "the time has come when the voice of Black men should be heard independently in their own affairs", Williams gave his first address as honorary general secretary in the common-room at Gray's Inn, and Kinloch was the association's first treasurer.
313:'s 60th anniversary celebrations as an officer of the Trinidad Light Infantry Volunteers, mentioned to Williams a South African woman, Mrs A. V. Kinloch, whom Lazare had heard discuss "under what oppressions the black races of Africa lived" at a meeting of the Writers' Club in London. Williams himself subsequently met Kinloch, who was touring Britain on behalf of the
269:. This took him to all parts of the British Isles speaking under the auspices of parish churches. He also lectured on thrift for the National Thrift Society whose chairman, Dr Greville Walpole, wrote that Williams's "heroic struggle to make ends meet won his admiration because the little he was able to earn by his lectures simply defrayed the cost of living."
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The then 29-year-old
Williams became friendly with 32-year-old Agnes Powell, who worked as a secretary with the Temperance Society. She was the eldest of a family of three sons and four daughters of Captain Francis Powell of Kent, who was prominent in local Masonic and Conservative political circles.
403:
On his return to London, Williams decided to run for public office, as he felt there should be an
African spokesman in Parliament and his South African experience had given him the knowledge he needed to speak competently on these affairs. The blacks and coloureds were "my people" and on his arrival
257:
In his book on the life of
Williams, Owen Mathurin notes: "Williams was not as fortunate as some of his fellow Trinidadians who had come to study for professions at the expense of wealthy parents or as young winners of a government scholarship who received singular remittances." It was therefore not
197:
Around that time, one of
Williams' acquaintances, a coloured lawyer named Edgar Maresse Smith, petitioned the Governor to declare 1 August a holiday for the celebration of Emancipation. Robinson did not support it but Gorrie did. Even at that time, there was in Trinidad a highly educated, articulate
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He knew that non-whites were badly treated, but still he took this step. He was soon agitating for the rights of blacks. He also presided over the opening of a coloured preparatory school staffed by West
Indians. He was eventually boycotted by the Cape Law Society for it was felt he was "preaching
128:
in 1897 to "promote and protect the interests of all subjects claiming
African descent, wholly or in part, in British colonies and other place, especially Africa, by circulating accurate information on all subjects affecting their rights and privileges as subjects of the British Empire, by direct
273:
Williams and Agnes Powell married in 1898 in the face of the strongest opposition of her father, who refused to give his consent and thereafter refused to receive
Williams. They had five children; the first, Henry Francis Sylvestre, was born the following year.
339:
After this
Williams set about spreading the word and he embarked on lecture tours to set up branches in Jamaica, Trinidad and the United States. On 28 June 1901 the Trinidad branch of the Pan African Association was formed, with branches in Naparima,
183:. According to the records, he was one of only three teachers with certificates in that year. A year later he was the only certified teacher at the school in Canaan, just south of San Fernando; and the following year he was transferred to
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around the same time, went on to practise in South Africa, staying there from 1903 to 1905. Williams was the first black man to be admitted to the bar in the Cape Colony, on 29 October 1903, having presented to the court in
324:). The three-day gathering took place at Westminster Town Hall on 23, 24, and 25 July with delegates comprising "men and women of African blood and descent" from West and South Africa, the West Indies, the United States and
336:, was a participant and his Address to the Nations with its prophetic statement "The problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the colour-line" came to be regarded as the defining statement of the conference.
356:. He spent two months here and after his departure for the US even more local branches were formed. However, after this the profile of the Association suffered because he was not able to give it his full attention.
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However, service as a councillor did not take him away from his interest in and devotion to Africa. He became involved with
Liberian affairs and went there in 1908 at the invitation of president
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Some
English people felt the Association would not last three months but by 1900 Williams was ready to hold the first Pan-African Conference (subsequent gatherings were known as
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Mr. Sylvester Williams was admitted as a barrister in the Supreme Court of Cape Colony last month. He is a West Indian. He was educated for the most part at
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Williams started his working life at the age of 17, becoming a teacher with a Class III Certification, and in 1887 he was posted to the government school in
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Williams date and place of birth is contested. Biographies written by Marika Sherwood, Trinidadian journalist Owen Mathurin and Professor James R. Hooker,
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Williams wrote to newspapers and journals on matters touching on Pan-African interests and during this time earned some money through lecturing for the
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In January 1890, Williams became a founding member of the Trinidad Elementary Teachers Union. The feature address was given by Chief Justice Sir
468:, Trinidad and Tobago, held a conference on "Henry Sylvester Williams and Pan-Africanism: A Retrospection and Projection" on 7–12 January 2001.
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187:, where he remained until he left Trinidad in 1891. A cultured man, he was also qualified to teach singing and played the piano regularly.
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he gave the Colonial Office his views. "We should not be deprived of equal justice because of the colour of our skins," he said.
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to read for the bar. He satisfied the entrance requirements by passing a preliminary examination in Latin, English and History.
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164:, Trinidad, He was the eldest son of Elizabeth and Henry Bishop Williams, a wheelwright from Barbados. Williams grew up in
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In 1908, he returned to Trinidad, where he rejoined the bar and practised until his death four years later.
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that black people could not be entrusted with self-government. Thomas's ideas certainly inspired Williams.
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were among the first people of African descent to be elected to public office in Britain.
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Williams died on 26 March 1911, at the age of 42. He was buried at Lapeyrouse Cemetery,
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812:(Contributions in Afro-American & African Studies), Greenwood Press, 1976, 224 pp.
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Origins of Pan-Africanism: Henry Sylvester Williams, Africa, and the African Diaspora
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Some time after June 1897, Williams formed the African Association (later called the
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Black Ice: The Lost History of the Colored Hockey League of the Maritimes, 1895–1926
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Origins of Pan-Africanism: Henry Sylvester Williams, Africa and the African diaspora
384:, London. He has practised for several years in London, mainly at the Old Bailey. –
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The Pan-African Movement: A History of Pan-Africanism in America, Europe and Africa
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The Pan-African Movement: A History of Pan-Africanism in America, Europe and Africa
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212:(1889), in which he refuted and questioned the view espoused by Oxford historian
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Henry Sylvester Williams and the Origins of the Pan African Movement 1869 – 1911
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Henry Sylvester Williams and the Origins of the Pan-African Movement, 1869–1911
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The date and place of birth for Williams is contested. He was born in 1869 in
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lawyer, activist, councillor and writer who was among the founders of the
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Returning to London that year, he published a monthly journal called the
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101:(24 March 1867 or 15 February 1869 – 26 March 1911) was a
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descent. He attended the Arouca School, which at the time was run by a
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Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League
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a certificate issued on 20 September confirming his credentials:
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A memorial plaque on the site of his former London home at 38
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332:, who was to become the movement's torchbearer at subsequent
235:, Henry became a co-founder of the pioneering and innovative
223:, but could only get work shining shoes. He moved in 1893 to
734:""Pan-Africanism: The Early Founders", Assata Shakur Forums"
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seditious doctrines to the natives against the white man".
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Pan-African Freedom Movement for East and Central Africa
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to further his education, before subsequently moving to
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Members of St Marylebone Metropolitan Borough Council
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Trinidadian politician, lawyer and writer (1869–1911)
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Popular and Social League of the Great Sahara Tribes
168:, a village where the majority of residents were of
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Trinidad and Tobago emigrants to the United Kingdom
198:and race-conscious group of black men, among them
799:Henry Sylvester Williams: Imperial Pan-Africanist
682:Henry Sylvester Williams: Imperial Pan-Africanist
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593:Imperial Cities: Landscape, Display and Identity
144:. In 1903 he went to practise as a barrister in
129:appeals to the Imperial and local Governments."
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482:Williams was named 16th on a 2003 list of the "
309:, who at the time was in London taking part in
239:(1895–1936), featuring teams from Nova Scotia,
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231:, to study for a law degree. While living in
1750:Trinidad and Tobago male non-fiction writers
706:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
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596:, Manchester University Press, 2003, p. 260.
581:, Stryker-Indigo Publishing, New York, 2004.
466:University of the West Indies, St. Augustine
1720:20th-century Trinidad and Tobago historians
832:"Henry Sylvester Williams’s Black Atlantic"
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855:
836:Atlantic History in the Nineteenth Century
112:As a young man, Williams travelled to the
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1451:Organisation of African Trade Union Unity
1725:20th-century Trinidad and Tobago lawyers
1411:All-African People's Revolutionary Party
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1790:Trinidad and Tobago non-fiction writers
1170:I. T. A. Wallace-Johnson
703:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
638:"The Pan-African Congresses, 1900–1945"
277:Henry Sylvester Pan-African perspective
258:until 1897 he enrolled as a student of
250:In 1895, he went to London and entered
1775:Progressive Party (London) politicians
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305:). His good friend, Trinidad attorney
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1446:International African Service Bureau
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684:, London: Rex Collings, 1975, p. 64.
651:“To the Nations of the World” (1900)
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267:Church of England Temperance Society
1795:Trinidad and Tobago pan-Africanists
1487:Rassemblement DĂ©mocratique Africain
479:, was unveiled on 12 October 2007.
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1800:British Trinidad and Tobago people
1416:All-African Trade Union Federation
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759:City of Westminster green plaques.
541:Henry Sylvester Williams Biography
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628:, London: Methuen, 1974, p. 177.
590:Felix Driver and David Gilbert,
132:In 1900, Williams organised the
37:S. Williams (1905) by E.H. Mills
1730:Alumni of King's College London
1602:All-African Peoples' Conference
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1385:African Leadership University
611:The Caribbean Review of Books
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1441:First Pan-African Conference
720:UK public library membership
134:First Pan-African Conference
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1341:Henry Sylvester Williams
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794:, London: Methuen, 1974.
777:100 Great Black Britons.
99:Henry Sylvester-Williams
25:Henry Sylvester-Williams
1745:British pan-Africanists
1650:Pan-Africanism category
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1617:Union of African States
1607:East African Federation
1556:Ethnic groups of Africa
1461:Pan African Association
1050:Jean-Jacques Dessalines
996:United States of Africa
512:. New York: Routledge.
484:100 Great Black Britons
303:Pan-African Association
176:known as Stoney Smith.
124:, where he founded the
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919:Anti-Western sentiment
712:10.1093/ref:odnb/59529
607:"The imperial African"
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307:Emmanuel Mzumbo Lazare
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287:Pan-African Conference
237:Coloured Hockey League
1755:Members of Gray's Inn
1740:Black British writers
1336:Frances Cress Welsing
838:. Palgrave Macmillan.
819:, London: Routledge,
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413:National Liberal Club
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252:King's College London
138:Westminster Town Hall
1518:Black Star of Africa
1471:Pan-African Congress
1421:Conseil de l'Entente
1201:Edward Wilmot Blyden
1125:Abdias do Nascimento
1090:Toussaint Louverture
830:Eichhorn N. (2019),
764:16 July 2012 at the
407:Williams joined the
390:, 12 November 1903.
378:Dalhousie University
245:Prince Edward Island
229:Halifax, Nova Scotia
225:Dalhousie University
214:James Anthony Froude
107:Pan-African movement
1571:Conflicts in Africa
1561:Languages of Africa
1535:Pan-African colours
1256:Yosef Ben-Jochannan
899:African nationalism
174:Chinese Trinidadian
126:African Association
75:Trinidad and Tobago
1587:African philosophy
1566:Religion in Africa
1291:Zephania Mothopeng
1241:Amy Ashwood Garvey
1216:John Henrik Clarke
1206:Stokely Carmichael
1191:Molefi Kete Asante
1145:John Nyathi Pokela
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808:Owen C. Mathurin,
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825:978-0-415-87959-0
815:Marika Sherwood,
797:James R. Hooker,
718:(Subscription or
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564:puts the date at
202:, Maresse Smith,
200:John Jacob Thomas
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365:Mahatma Gandhi
348:, Manzanilla,
311:Queen Victoria
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1705:1860s births
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1311:Paul Robeson
1236:Frantz Fanon
1211:Aimé Césaire
1080:Modibo KeĂŻta
1025:Dennis Akumu
988:
981:
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909:Afrocentrism
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742:. Retrieved
738:the original
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70:(1911-03-26)
18:
1710:1911 deaths
1373:Educational
1186:Marimba Ani
1110:Thabo Mbeki
1018:Politicians
970:Black power
425:John Archer
417:Progressive
361:Pan-African
297:, July 1900
192:John Gorrie
150:Cape Colony
103:Trinidadian
1699:Categories
1286:Ali Mazrui
1196:Steve Biko
1010:Proponents
801:, London:
722:required.)
490:References
477:Marylebone
382:Gray's Inn
322:Congresses
260:Gray's Inn
209:Froudacity
156:Early life
136:, held at
81:Occupation
59:, Trinidad
49:1869-02-15
1394:Political
1276:Malcolm X
1271:Fela Kuti
1115:Tom Mboya
976:NĂ©gritude
939:Sankarism
934:Nkrumaism
929:Garveyism
827:, 354 pp.
528:466361113
370:Cape Town
354:Chaguanas
84:Barrister
1549:Dynamics
1030:Idi Amin
958:Concepts
892:Variants
885:Ideology
762:Archived
508:(2011).
411:and the
350:Tunapuna
185:San Juan
1612:Kwanzaa
1580:Related
1511:Symbols
1498:ZANU–PF
326:Liberia
170:African
122:England
1179:Others
990:Ujamaa
983:Ubuntu
949:Zikism
823:
744:9 July
716:
526:
516:
460:Legacy
295:London
233:Canada
166:Arouca
162:Arouca
142:London
118:Canada
57:Arouca
834:. In
346:Arima
227:, in
821:ISBN
746:2012
524:OCLC
514:ISBN
464:The
243:and
116:and
65:Died
43:Born
708:doi
486:".
451:38
419:on
289:at
140:in
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47:(
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