66:
261:
128:
25:
579:
614:. Already in 1566, at the age of two, he was elected Lutheran administrator of the Halberstadt bishopric by the cathedral chapter; however, a condition of his election was an agreement that the cathedral chapter would lead the prince-bishopric under its own authority until Henry Julius reached the age of 14.
761:
to mediate failed and in 1606, Emperor Rudolf II banned the city. In 1607, Henry Julius again went to the emperor's court, in order to negotiate the details of the ban. In return, he was given the emperor's full support in dealing with the
Brunswick insurgents. Nevertheless, all attacks on the city
638:
begun by his father, although he allowed
Catholic office holders to keep their privileges — except that he strictly prohibited priests from having mistresses. In view of his moderate policies, he also was offered the position of an administrator of the Minden prince-bishopric and was elected by the
625:. Even though he was only twelve years old, Henry Julius participated in theological debates among the faculty that were held in Latin. After finishing his study in law, he was employed by his father as a court judge. When he came of age, he was rated one of the most educated princes of his time.
773:
reached a historic peak. Early in his career he expelled the Jews from his state. He was also a committed burner of witches; one contemporary chronicler wrote that
Lechelnholze Square looked like a little forest, so crowded were the stakes.
633:
Henry Julius took over administration of the
Halbertstadt prince-bishopric in 1578, he became active as a temporal as well as spiritual ruler. He improved general education in the episcopal lands, and completed the implementation of the
807:
When
Emperor Rudolf died in 1612, Duke Henry Julius returned to the Prague court to consult his successor, Matthias. On 20 July 1613 he died in Prague, possibly of alcohol abuse. He was buried in the Marienkirche at Wolfenbüttel.
696:, the main lecture hall of the Helmstedt university. However, he lost control of the state's finances and amassed large amounts of public debt. When the rights of the nobles were reduced, the local nobles sued Henry Julius at the
785:
and their theatre company, who staged a shortened version of his "Susanna" for several years. His other plays, five comedies, four tragedies, were not very successful; however, one was a basis for the tall tales of
888:
777:
The duke was a dedicated follower of theatre and acting. In the years 1593 and 1594, he wrote eleven plays, in which he wrote about the moral duty of princes to burn witches. He invited
1672:
145:
38:
1276:
603:
517:
732:
and his "chief director" in 1607. This position gave him much influence in
Imperial affairs. He also managed to resolve the conflict between Rudolf and his brother,
1014:
192:
164:
904:
639:
cathedral chapter in 1582. Nevertheless, expectations were disappointed, when Henry Julius ordered that all sermons ought to be preached according to the
447:
1549:
171:
44:
178:
1603:
851:
309:
662:, and instead of local nobles, lawyers with academic degrees now served as judges. He was also versed in architecture and began to rebuild his
896:
747:
citizens, when they refused to recognize his overlordship. Henry Julius was not willing to confirm the city's traditional privileges and had
160:
828:
442:
621:
in the
Wolfenbüttel lands upon his accession in 1568. In 1576 he appointed Henry Julius first rector of the newly established Protestant
555:
281:
1677:
1443:
1338:
840:
406:
1218:
917:
676:
main church which started in 1608. He also had had extended barracks, walls and fortifications laid out around the city. He invited
607:
1613:
1544:
1516:
1192:
559:
956:
861:
982:
866:
857:
611:
457:
452:
185:
1577:
1040:
599:
507:
299:
1250:
782:
874:
1667:
879:
462:
1687:
473:
229:
211:
109:
87:
52:
80:
892:
832:
1657:
1521:
778:
766:
149:
1076:
551:
336:
251:
1682:
1662:
719:
1620:
1584:
671:
733:
821:
883:
736:
and assisted in temporarily resolving the differences between
Catholic and Protestant estates in the
1593:
563:
74:
844:
758:
622:
138:
654:
In 1589, when Henry Julius succeeded his father as ruler of
Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, he replaced
677:
635:
618:
91:
1624:
1652:
1647:
8:
1588:
1312:
698:
640:
595:
567:
332:
817:
795:
737:
648:
373:
356:
1370:
715:
667:
434:
260:
870:
787:
266:
655:
644:
539:
663:
681:
1641:
1477:
1469:
800:
723:
547:
497:
791:
744:
689:
753:
770:
714:
Though a
Protestant prince, Henry Julius became a close advisor to the
1448:
748:
728:
692:. One of the most important buildings erected under his rule was the
659:
757:) troops deployed, leading to a civil war in 1605. Attempts by King
127:
1455:
The European Witch-Craze of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries
685:
527:
913:
Henry Charles (4 September 1609 – 11 June 1615) died in childhood.
492:
703:
643:. When he resigned from office three years later, to marry the
352:
467:
Dorothea of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Margravine of Brandenburg
726:
several times. He gained Rudolf's confidence, and was named
743:
A serious conflict occurred between Henry Julius and the
578:
901:
Henry Julius (7 October 1597 – 11 July 1606) died young.
722:. From 1600 onwards he stayed at the emperor's court at
1673:
Lutheran administrators of Halberstadt Prince-Bishopric
916:
Anna Augusta (19 May 1612 – 17 February 1673), married
1431:
1429:
932:
Ancestors of Henry Julius, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
824:, on 26 September 1585. They had one child together:
670:
style, including the construction of the Protestant
1444:
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, vol. 11, p. 500-505
765:Under the rule of Henry Julius, the persecution of
546:; 15 October 1564 – 30 July 1613), a member of the
152:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1426:
847:on 19 April 1590. They had ten children together:
843:(25 August 1573 – 19 June 1626), daughter of King
684:and had a canal built through a swampland between
910:Rudolph (15 June 1602 – 13 June 1616) died young.
820:(4 October 1563 – 13 February 1587), daughter of
610:was still under the rule of his grandfather Duke
1639:
873:, administrator of the diocese of Naumburg, and
835:, died in childbirth like her mother before her.
448:Frederick Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
860:(20 February 1592 – 23 January 1642), married
831:(13 February 1587 – 16 October 1609), married
897:Joachim III Frederick, Elector of Brandenburg
558:from 1589 until his death. He also served as
265:Duke Henry Julius of Brunswick, engraving by
882:(19 February 1595 – 26 June 1650), married
484:Anna Augusta, Countess of Nassau-Dillenburg
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1339:Hedwig Jagiellon, Electress of Brandenburg
891:(8 July 1596 – 1 September 1643), married
259:
161:"Henry Julius, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg"
1465:Henry Julius, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
1219:Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg
918:George Louis, Prince of Nassau-Dillenburg
829:Dorothea Hedwig of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
804:, playing on the famous Gröningen organ.
470:Heinrich Julius of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
389:
230:Learn how and when to remove this message
212:Learn how and when to remove this message
110:Learn how and when to remove this message
1193:Joachim I Nestor, Elector of Brandenburg
1155:Henry Julius, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
869:(23 June 1593 – 25 March 1650), married
577:
393:
73:This article includes a list of general
481:Heinrich Karl of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
1640:
1292:
1172:
1168:
1158:
1056:
946:
942:
862:Ernest Casimir, Prince of Nassau-Dietz
811:
651:, he left a virtual Lutheran diocese.
608:Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
1368:
1358:
1354:
1342:
1336:
1326:
1310:
1300:
1296:
1280:
1274:
1264:
1248:
1238:
1234:
1222:
1216:
1206:
1190:
1180:
1176:
1152:
1142:
1129:
1119:
1115:
1103:
1100:
1090:
1074:
1064:
1060:
1044:
1038:
1028:
1012:
1002:
998:
986:
980:
970:
954:
950:
422:
957:Henry IV, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
458:Elisabeth, Duchess of Saxe-Altenburg
150:adding citations to reliable sources
121:
59:
18:
1457:, Harper & Row, New York (1969)
983:Henry V, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
875:John Philip, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
706:. A compromise was struck in 1601.
443:Dorothea, Princess of Anhalt-Zerbst
13:
1041:Julius, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
606:(1540–1602), at the time when the
508:Julius, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
474:Christian the Younger of Brunswick
79:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
1699:
1678:Lutheran prince-bishops of Minden
790:. Duke Henry Julius also invited
478:Rudolph of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
34:This article has multiple issues.
893:Christian William of Brandenburg
854:(15 April 1591 – 21 August 1634)
833:Rudolph, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst
556:Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
453:Sophia, Princess of Nassau-Dietz
282:Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
126:
64:
23:
1522:Prince-Bishopric of Halberstadt
564:Prince-Bishopric of Halberstadt
418:
385:
137:needs additional citations for
42:or discuss these issues on the
16:Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
1:
1419:
589:
270:
923:
600:Julius of Brunswick-Lüneburg
573:
463:Hedwig, Duchess of Pomerania
7:
1077:Henry, Count of Württemberg
822:Augustus, Elector of Saxony
709:
617:His father implemented the
10:
1704:
1628:only de facto, not de jure
1621:Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
1585:Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
1550:Prince-Bishopric of Minden
1286:
1170:
1050:
944:
598:as the eldest son of Duke
568:Prince-Bishopric of Minden
552:Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
252:Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
1688:Middle House of Brunswick
1618:
1610:
1600:
1582:
1574:
1569:
1556:
1542:
1536:
1528:
1514:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1463:
1449:At the House of Welf site
1356:
1348:
1320:
1298:
1294:
1258:
1236:
1228:
1200:
1178:
1174:
1136:
1117:
1109:
1084:
1062:
1058:
1022:
1000:
992:
964:
948:
884:Ulrich, Duke of Pomerania
628:
602:(1528–1589) and his wife
594:Henry Julius was born in
523:
513:
503:
491:
433:
362:
342:
319:
315:
305:
295:
291:3 May 1589 – 30 July 1613
287:
280:
258:
249:
244:
1668:Princes of Wolfenbüttel
1564:Anthony of Schauenberg
1101:5. Maria of Württemberg
845:Frederick II of Denmark
759:Christian IV of Denmark
623:University of Helmstedt
570:between 1582 and 1585.
94:more precise citations.
1658:People from Osterwieck
1594:Prince of Wolfenbüttel
1539:Hermann of Schauenburg
1015:Catherine of Pomerania
678:Hans Vredeman de Vries
673:Beatae Mariae Virginis
666:residence in a lavish
636:Protestant Reformation
619:Protestant Reformation
586:
543:
1625:Prince of Grubenhagen
1277:Hedwig of Brandenburg
839:Henry married second
604:Hedwig of Brandenburg
581:
566:from 1566 and of the
518:Hedwig of Brandenburg
1683:Christian Kabbalists
1663:Princes of Calenberg
1475:Cadet branch of the
1453:Trevor-Roper, H.R.,
1251:Elizabeth of Denmark
841:Elizabeth of Denmark
816:Henry married first
702:(Imperial Court) in
407:Elizabeth of Denmark
392:; died
146:improve this article
1589:Prince of Calenberg
1435:Trevor-Roper, p.154
1313:Sigismund I the Old
812:Marriage and family
699:Reichskammergericht
641:Augsburg Confession
596:Hessen am Fallstein
1614:Philip the Younger
1561:Title next held by
818:Dorothea of Saxony
796:Michael Praetorius
738:Kingdom of Bohemia
649:Dorothea of Saxony
587:
374:Dorothea of Saxony
337:Brunswick-Lüneburg
1636:
1635:
1629:
1601:Succeeded by
1529:Succeeded by
1504:Religious titles
1416:
1415:
1412:
1411:
668:Weser Renaissance
533:
532:
240:
239:
232:
222:
221:
214:
196:
120:
119:
112:
57:
1695:
1627:
1611:Preceded by
1604:Frederick Ulrich
1575:Preceded by
1537:Preceded by
1509:Preceded by
1494:
1487:
1461:
1460:
1436:
1433:
938:
937:
929:
928:
852:Frederick Ulrich
794:to come and see
788:Baron Munchausen
783:Thomas Sackville
426:
424:
420:
397:
395:
391:
387:
349:
329:
327:
310:Frederick Ulrich
275:
272:
267:Dominicus Custos
263:
242:
241:
235:
228:
217:
210:
206:
203:
197:
195:
154:
130:
122:
115:
108:
104:
101:
95:
90:this article by
81:inline citations
68:
67:
60:
49:
27:
26:
19:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1638:
1637:
1631:
1623:
1616:
1606:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1580:
1562:
1553:
1548:
1540:
1532:
1525:
1520:
1512:
1488:
1486:15 October 1564
1482:
1481:
1473:
1466:
1440:
1439:
1434:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1371:Barbara Zápolya
1130:11. Eva of Salm
926:
814:
712:
631:
592:
576:
544:Heinrich Julius
487:
429:
428:
416:
412:
409:
399:
383:
379:
376:
351:
347:
331:
330:15 October 1564
325:
323:
276:
273:
236:
225:
224:
223:
218:
207:
201:
198:
155:
153:
143:
131:
116:
105:
99:
96:
86:Please help to
85:
69:
65:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1701:
1691:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1634:
1633:
1617:
1612:
1608:
1607:
1602:
1599:
1581:
1576:
1572:
1571:
1570:Regnal titles
1567:
1566:
1560:
1555:
1541:
1538:
1534:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1513:
1510:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1500:
1499:Regnal titles
1496:
1495:
1474:
1467:
1464:
1459:
1458:
1451:
1446:
1438:
1437:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1414:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1004:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
994:
993:
991:
988:
987:
985:
979:
976:
975:
972:
971:
969:
966:
965:
963:
960:
959:
953:
951:
949:
947:
945:
943:
941:
934:
933:
927:
925:
922:
921:
920:
914:
911:
908:
902:
899:
886:
877:
864:
855:
837:
836:
813:
810:
711:
708:
630:
627:
591:
588:
575:
572:
531:
530:
525:
521:
520:
515:
511:
510:
505:
501:
500:
495:
489:
488:
486:
485:
482:
479:
476:
471:
468:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
439:
437:
431:
430:
414:
410:
405:
404:
403:
402:
381:
377:
372:
371:
370:
369:
366:
364:
360:
359:
350:(aged 48)
344:
340:
339:
321:
317:
316:
313:
312:
307:
303:
302:
297:
293:
292:
289:
285:
284:
278:
277:
264:
256:
255:
247:
246:
238:
237:
220:
219:
134:
132:
125:
118:
117:
72:
70:
63:
58:
32:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1700:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1615:
1609:
1605:
1596:
1595:
1590:
1586:
1579:
1573:
1568:
1565:
1559:
1552:
1551:
1546:
1545:Administrator
1535:
1531:Henry Charles
1524:
1523:
1518:
1517:Administrator
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1485:
1480:
1479:
1478:House of Este
1472:
1471:
1470:House of Welf
1462:
1456:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1432:
1430:
1425:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1375:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1352:
1351:
1346:
1345:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1324:
1323:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1262:
1261:
1256:
1255:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1232:
1231:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1156:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1140:
1139:
1134:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1113:
1112:
1107:
1106:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1054:
1053:
1048:
1047:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1005:
996:
995:
990:
989:
984:
978:
977:
974:
973:
968:
967:
962:
961:
958:
952:
940:
939:
936:
935:
931:
930:
919:
915:
912:
909:
906:
903:
900:
898:
894:
890:
887:
885:
881:
878:
876:
872:
868:
865:
863:
859:
858:Sophia Hedwig
856:
853:
850:
849:
848:
846:
842:
834:
830:
827:
826:
825:
823:
819:
809:
805:
803:
802:
801:Kapellmeister
797:
793:
789:
784:
780:
779:Robert Browne
775:
772:
768:
763:
760:
756:
755:
750:
746:
741:
739:
735:
731:
730:
725:
724:Prague Castle
721:
717:
707:
705:
701:
700:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
674:
669:
665:
661:
657:
652:
650:
646:
642:
637:
626:
624:
620:
615:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
584:
580:
571:
569:
565:
561:
560:administrator
557:
553:
549:
548:House of Welf
545:
541:
537:
529:
526:
522:
519:
516:
512:
509:
506:
502:
499:
496:
494:
490:
483:
480:
477:
475:
472:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
440:
438:
436:
432:
408:
401:
400:
375:
368:
367:
365:
361:
358:
354:
345:
341:
338:
334:
322:
318:
314:
311:
308:
304:
301:
298:
294:
290:
286:
283:
279:
268:
262:
257:
254:
253:
248:
243:
234:
231:
216:
213:
205:
194:
191:
187:
184:
180:
177:
173:
170:
166:
163: –
162:
158:
157:Find sources:
151:
147:
141:
140:
135:This article
133:
129:
124:
123:
114:
111:
103:
93:
89:
83:
82:
76:
71:
62:
61:
56:
54:
47:
46:
41:
40:
35:
30:
21:
20:
1619:
1583:
1563:
1557:
1543:
1515:
1511:Sigismund II
1493:30 July 1613
1490:
1483:
1476:
1468:
1454:
1154:
838:
815:
806:
799:
792:John Dowland
776:
764:
752:
742:
727:
713:
697:
694:Juleum Novum
693:
690:Oschersleben
672:
664:Wolfenbüttel
653:
632:
616:
593:
583:Juleum Novum
582:
536:Henry Julius
535:
534:
348:(1613-07-30)
346:30 July 1613
250:
245:Henry Julius
226:
208:
199:
189:
182:
175:
168:
156:
144:Please help
139:verification
136:
106:
97:
78:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
1653:1613 deaths
1648:1564 births
907:(1599–1626)
754:Landsknecht
680:to develop
585:, Helmstedt
554:and ruling
296:Predecessor
274: 1600
92:introducing
1642:Categories
1632:1596–1613
1598:1589–1613
1554:1582–1585
1526:1578–1613
1420:References
590:Early life
326:1564-10-15
202:April 2017
172:newspapers
100:April 2017
75:references
39:improve it
924:Ancestors
905:Christian
895:, son of
867:Elisabeth
749:mercenary
745:Brunswick
729:Geheimrat
720:Rudolf II
660:Roman Law
647:princess
574:Biography
306:Successor
45:talk page
889:Dorothea
871:Augustus
762:failed.
734:Matthias
718:emperor
716:Habsburg
710:Politics
686:Hornburg
682:ramparts
528:Lutheran
524:Religion
1547:of the
1519:of the
771:witches
612:Henry V
562:of the
427:
415:
411:
398:
382:
378:
357:Bohemia
186:scholar
88:improve
1578:Julius
1558:Vacant
1489:
880:Hedwig
798:, his
704:Speyer
645:Wettin
629:Career
550:, was
540:German
514:Mother
504:Father
421:
388:
363:Spouse
353:Prague
333:Hessen
300:Julius
188:
181:
174:
167:
159:
77:, but
1491:Died:
1484:Born:
656:Saxon
493:House
435:Issue
425:)
417:(
413:
396:)
384:(
380:
288:Reign
193:JSTOR
179:books
1369:15.
1311:14.
1249:13.
1191:12.
1075:10.
769:and
767:Jews
688:and
498:Welf
423:1590
394:1587
390:1585
343:Died
320:Born
165:news
1591:and
1337:7.
1275:3.
1217:6.
1153:1.
1039:2.
1013:9.
981:4.
955:8.
658:by
148:by
1644::
1428:^
781:,
740:.
542::
419:m.
386:m.
355:,
335:,
271:c.
269:,
48:.
751:(
538:(
328:)
324:(
233:)
227:(
215:)
209:(
204:)
200:(
190:·
183:·
176:·
169:·
142:.
113:)
107:(
102:)
98:(
84:.
55:)
51:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
