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valley by a series of previous defeats, Samori's forces were defeated within the year. On 29 September 1898, Gouraud's unit stumbled upon Samori's encampment and captured him. More importantly, it marked the end of the last large state opposing French colonialism in the West.
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In 1923, he returned to France, where he was the
Military Governor of Paris from 1923 to 1937. He also served on the Supreme Allied War Council from 1927 until his retirement in 1937. General Gouraud died in Paris in 1946.
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in
Morocco, where colonial policy focused on control of the country through manipulation of tribes, Sufis, and the rural Berber populations. In Syria, this took the form of separate administrations for
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573:, but his father objected because he feared that the marines would be a bad influence on his son. Gouraud respected his father's wish and was instead posted to the 21st Foot Chasseur Regiment at
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605:. The young captain was feted in the highest political circles of Paris, where he was introduced to powerful businessmen and politicians with interests in the colonial project. Among them were
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676:. He was wounded on 30 June, and subsequently lost his right arm. From December 1915 to December 1916 and from June 1917 until the end of the war he commanded the
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The capture of Samori made Henri
Gouraud a celebrated figure in France, at the same time as nationalists were recovering from the setback against the British at
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Elizabeth
Thompson. Colonial Citizens: Republican Rights, Paternal Privilege, and Gender in French Syria and Lebanon. Columbia University Press, (2000)
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617:". Thanks to the patronage of the "parti colonial", Henri Gouraud pursued a career across French Africa for the next fifteen years, with postings in
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is considered to be over 800 years old, and was "discovered" by
Gouraud's troops during the French campaign against anti-colonial resistance on the
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Proclamation of the state of
Greater Lebanon, Gouraud with Grand Mufti of Beirut Sheikh Mustafa Naja, and on his right is the Maronite Patriarch
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in 1888 as part of the "Grand
Triomphe" promotion, a well-chosen name as it included sixty future generals. He graduated in 1890 and joined the
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After the war, Gouraud served from 1919 to 1922 as representative of the French
Government in the Middle East and commander of the French
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on 1 September 1920. Gouraud became the French High
Commissioner in Syria and Lebanon, effective head of the colonial government there.
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589:. He developed a reputation as an effective if lucky commander. In 1898, he was ordered to head one of a number of units fighting
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Philippe
Gouraud. Le general Henri Gouraud au Liban et en Syrie (1919â1923) (Comprendre le Moyen-Orient). L'Harmattan (1993).
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781:. These territories were reorganised a number of times by Gouraud's decrees, the most famous being the creation of the
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between France and Britain, Gouraud was commander of forces sent to enforce the French division of the Levant.
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of Mauritania, where he led a campaign against Bedouin tribes who threatened transport between the colonies of
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to Doctor Xavier Gouraud and Marie Portal, the first of six children. The Gouraud family originally came from
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M'Baye Gueye, Albert Adu Boahen. West Africa; the fight for survival â a continent resists colonization
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Between 20 January and 10 February 1920, Gouraud's troops were moved north to support forces in the
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military region, and from 1914 to 1915 in command of all French colonial troops in western Morocco.
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Mountain Range is named for Gouraud; this forest is one of the few remaining habitats of the
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on the Western Front, where he gained distinction for his use of elastic defense during the
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Gouraud's administration in Syria borrowed much from his time as a young man working under
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810:. We have returned. My presence here consecrates the victory of the Cross over the Crescent
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La Pacification de Mauritanie. Journal des marches et opérations de la colonne de l'Adrar
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communities, with the aim of dividing their interests from those of urban nationalists.
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This article incorporates translations of the French language Knowledge articles
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Martin Klein. Slavery and Colonial Rule in French West Africa. Cambridge (1998)
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Particularly unpopular following the French taking of Damascus, the folk hero
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569:. He expected to be posted overseas as the Troupes de marine served in the
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Gouraud, as Military Governor of Paris, escorting Canadian Prime Minister
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General Gouraud crossing through al-Khandaq street on 13 September 1920,
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Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
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Foreign recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (United States)
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A commemorative statue to Général Gouraud stands in a garden next to
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House of Stone: A Memoir of Home, Family, and a Lost Middle East
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1291:"General Gouraud: "Saladin, We're Back!" Did He Really Say It?"
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Slava i Äast: Odlikovanja meÄu Srbima, Srbi meÄu odlikovanjima
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which led to the withdrawal of French troops back to Syria.
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chleuhs.com, Histoires : L'agonie du cĂšdre dit Gouraud
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with "Sénégal et Soudan" "Maroc" "Mauritanie et Adrar" bars
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staged a failed attempt on Gouraud's life on 23 June 1921.
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Members of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres
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came to a head. Gouraud led French forces which crushed
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Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
1165:. Campaign Series #8. London: Osprey. pp. 15â16.
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550:, then Paris. Gouraud was educated at home and at the
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Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914â1918 (France)
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that had been proclaimed there on 11 November 1918.
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French military personnel of the Franco-Turkish War
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Kingmakers: The Invention of the Modern Middle East
108:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1250:Meyer, Karl Ernest; Brysac, Shareen Blair (2008).
735:. Gouraud directed the suppression of a rising of
538:Henri Gouraud was born on Rue de Grenelle in the
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684:. On 22 November 1918, he entered the city of
514:general, best known for his leadership of the
510:; 17 November 1867 â 16 September 1946) was a
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946:MĂ©daille commĂ©morative de la guerre 1914â1918
724:, which divided the occupied remnants of the
400:Provisional Government of the French Republic
2544:Ăcole SpĂ©ciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr alumni
2524:Grand Cross of the Order of Ouissam Alaouite
2459:French colonial governors and administrators
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757:There, Gouraud's ongoing attempt to control
644:in France, colonel Gouraud was stationed in
2509:Recipients of the Ordre du Nichan El-Anouar
1376:, Globaltwitcher.com, ed. Nicklas Stromberg
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975:Commander of the Nicham El-Anouar (Tunisia)
716:. As commander of French forces during the
71:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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1409:Le général Gouraud durant la Grande Guerre
1342:. Belgrade: SluĆŸbeni Glasnik. p. 144.
1040:1912 Peugeot 146, Gen. Gourard's staff car
668:In mid-1915 he served as commander of the
625:. In 1907, he was promoted to colonel and
613:, future founders of what was called the "
335:9 October 1919 â 23 November 1922
257:
2494:Recipients of the Order of the White Lion
1414:Biographie de Henri Joseph EugĂšne Gouraud
1163:Gallipoli 1915: Frontal Assault on Turkey
233:Learn how and when to remove this message
168:Learn how and when to remove this message
1035:
865:
818:
812:." The quote is sometimes attributed to
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210:of all important aspects of the article.
2449:French colonial governors of Mauritania
1453:Newspaper clippings about Henri Gouraud
951:Médaille commémorative de Syrie-Cilicie
14:
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1258:. W. W. Norton & Company. p.
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585:Henri Gouraud was assigned in 1894 to
522:. Following this, he became the first
206:Please consider expanding the lead to
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1018:Zinder-Tchad. Souvenirs d'un Africain
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2539:French politicians with disabilities
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1085:in the years 1917â19. Moreover, the
792:primarily for this role, and for an
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106:adding citations to reliable sources
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2504:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
2429:French Army generals of World War I
970:Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
941:Médaille Interalliée de la Victoire
926:Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the
696:French Mandate of Syria and Lebanon
642:centre des Hautes Ă©tudes militaires
627:commissaire du Gouvernement général
24:
18:Henri Gouraud (French Army officer)
2454:Colonial governors of French Niger
2444:People of French Equatorial Africa
1014:Souvenirs d'un Africain, Au Soudan
1004:
656:. He was placed in command of the
32:Henri Gouraud (computer scientist)
25:
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2419:CollĂšge Stanislas de Paris alumni
1696:Ambroise-François de Bournonville
1446:
1274:Awake, Saladin. We have returned.
1161:Haythornthwaite, Philip (2004) .
928:Order of St Michael and St George
52:This article has multiple issues.
2474:High commissioners of the Levant
1590:Guillaume de Poitiers: 1478â14..
1374:Barbary Macaque: Macaca sylvanus
930:(United Kingdom, 27 August 1915)
800:, Gouraud allegedly went to the
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2469:People of the Franco-Syrian War
1950:Catherine-Dominique de PĂ©rignon
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1077:was named for the General; the
765:'s short-lived monarchy at the
524:High Commissioner of the Levant
323:High Commissioner of the Levant
198:may be too short to adequately
93:needs additional citations for
60:or discuss these issues on the
1769:Louis-Auguste-Augustin d'Affry
1399:fr:Henri Joseph EugĂšne Gouraud
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915:Grand Cross (28 December 1918)
912:Grand Officer (10 August 1914)
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208:provide an accessible overview
13:
1:
2534:Military personnel from Paris
1998:François Certain de Canrobert
1391:
1312:. Penguin. pp. 220, 225.
773:, defeated the forces of the
640:In 1911, after attending the
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2439:People of French West Africa
2192:Military governors of Paris
2178:Carl-Heinrich von StĂŒlpnagel
2164:Military governors of Paris
1869:Military governors of Paris
1835:Barthélemy Catherine Joubert
1762:of the Armed Forces in Paris
7:
2479:Military governors of Paris
2166:under the German occupation
2004:Achille Baraguey d'Hilliers
1986:Achille Baraguey d'Hilliers
1871:after the French Revolution
1618:Antoine de La Rochefoucauld
1497:Military governors of Paris
1457:20th Century Press Archives
1403:fr:Mandat français en Syrie
1134:. UNESCO Courier, May 1984.
986:Distinguished Service Medal
876:Tomb of the Unknown Soldier
872:William Lyon Mackenzie King
648:, where he was promoted to
540:7th arrondissement of Paris
499:Henri Joseph EugĂšne Gouraud
366:Henri Joseph EugĂšne Gouraud
10:
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1654:Charles-Emmanuel de Savoie
1051:in the 7th arrondissement.
769:on 23 July 1920, occupied
682:Second Battle of the Marne
672:that was committed to the
670:French Expeditionary Corps
563:Saint Cyr Military Academy
552:CollĂšge Stanislas de Paris
528:Military governor of Paris
281:Military governor of Paris
29:
27:French general (1867â1946)
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2070:Paul-Vincent Faure-Biguet
2064:Georges-Auguste Florentin
1868:
1787:Jacques-François de Menou
1775:Jacques-François de Menou
1759:
1525:Waléran III de Luxembourg
1503:
1420:On his time in the Levant
1371:C. Michael Hogan, (2008)
1338:AcoviÄ, Dragomir (2012).
1114:is named for the General.
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998:Order of KaraÄorÄe's Star
963:Order of Ouissam Alaouite
935:Croix de guerre 1914â1918
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1914:Louis SĂ©bastien Grundler
1847:François Joseph Lefebvre
1660:Jean-Francois de Faudoas
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1048:Place du Général-Gouraud
909:Commander (11 July 1909)
903:Knight (18 October 1898)
796:anecdote. Following the
788:He is remembered in the
783:State of Greater Lebanon
30:For another person, see
2231:Louis-Constant MorliĂšre
1708:Gabriel de Rochechouart
1636:François de Montmorency
1506:under the Ancien RĂ©gime
1327:. Penguin. p. 226.
1295:damascus-foundation.org
1207:25 January 2012 at the
1201:Ballade strasbourgeoise
992:Order of the White Lion
826:of Gouraud in Syria by
804:, kicked it, and said:
779:French Mandate of Syria
737:Turkish National Forces
2424:Politicians from Paris
2106:Michel-Joseph Maunoury
2094:Victor-Constant Michel
2088:Michel-Joseph Maunoury
2082:Jean-Baptiste Dalstein
2046:FĂ©lix-Gustave Saussier
1750:Louis de Cossé-Brissac
1738:Charles Louis d'Albert
1690:François de L'Hospital
1606:Gilbert de Montpensier
1323:Rogan, Eugene (2011).
1308:Rogan, Eugene (2011).
1065:tree near the town of
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571:French colonial empire
462:10th Infantry Division
2183:Dietrich von Choltitz
2124:Charles Emile Moinier
1992:Bernard Pierre Magnan
1956:Nicolas-Joseph Maison
1938:Nicolas-Joseph Maison
1926:Pierre-Augustin Hulin
1920:Nicolas-Joseph Maison
1908:Louis de Rochechouart
1902:Pierre-Augustin Hulin
1805:Jacques Maurice Hatry
1744:Jean de Cossé-Brissac
1714:Charles III de Créquy
1531:Jean II de Luxembourg
1381:19 April 2012 at the
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906:Officer (31 May 1904)
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722:Sykes-Picot Agreement
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441:Years of service
1823:Jean-François Moulin
1612:Charles II d'Amboise
1600:Antoine de Chabannes
1585:Antoine de Chabannes
1325:The Arabs: A History
1310:The Arabs: A History
1087:CĂšdre Gouraud Forest
1000:with swords (Serbia)
968:Grand Cordon of the
816:instead of Gouraud.
777:and established the
674:Dardanelles campaign
561:Gouraud entered the
383:Second French Empire
102:improve this article
2363:Xavier de Zuchowicz
2321:Michel Fennebresque
2173:Otto von StĂŒlpnagel
1980:Nicolas Changarnier
1968:Pierre-Claude Pajol
1841:Jean-Antoine Marbot
1760:General commanders
1666:Charles II de Cossé
1579:Charles de Gaucourt
1573:Charles I d'Amboise
1555:Jacques de Villiers
1549:Philippe de Ternant
1504:Governors of Paris
1358:8 July 2011 at the
961:Grand Cross of the
688:, overthrowing the
556:Franco-Prussian War
2213:Paul Legentilhomme
2207:Marie-Pierre KĆnig
2118:Adolphe Guillaumat
2022:Paul de Ladmirault
2010:Louis-Jules Trochu
1974:Tiburce SĂ©bastiani
1962:Auguste de Marmont
1944:Hyacinthe Despinoy
1896:Jean-Andoche Junot
1859:Jean-Andoche Junot
1799:Napoléon Bonaparte
1678:Charles du Plessis
1642:René de Villequier
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956:MĂ©daille Coloniale
921:MĂ©daille militaire
884:
832:
798:Battle of Maysalun
767:Battle of Maysalun
755:
733:Franco-Turkish War
718:Franco-Turkish War
714:Army of the Levant
710:
706:Elias Peter Hoayek
650:général de brigade
635:French West Africa
607:Auguste d'Arenberg
518:at the end of the
516:French Fourth Army
483:Franco-Turkish War
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2375:Hervé Charpentier
2267:Philippe de Camas
2040:Alphonse Lecointe
1441:978-0-231-10661-0
1431:978-2-7384-2073-2
1186:GOURAUD 1867â1946
1083:Timahdite Plateau
978:Commander of the
775:Syrian Revolution
690:Soviet government
567:Troupes de marine
526:(1919â1922) then
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487:Franco-Syrian War
392:16 September 1946
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16:(Redirected from
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2351:Pierre Costedoat
2297:Jacques de Barry
2201:Philippe Leclerc
2130:Pierre Berdoulat
2034:Justin Clinchant
1702:Antoine d'Aumont
1684:Hercule de Rohan
1630:Charles de Cossé
1567:Charles de Melun
1561:Charles d'Artois
1543:Jean de Villiers
1537:Jean de La Baume
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856:Southern Lebanon
741:Battle of Marash
652:, serving under
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2357:Marcel Valentin
2279:Bernard Usureau
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2142:Gaston Billotte
2112:Augustin Dubail
2100:Joseph Gallieni
2052:Ămile Zurlinden
1884:Louis Bonaparte
1870:
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1853:Ădouard Mortier
1811:Pierre Augereau
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1624:Paul de Thermes
1594:Louis d'Orléans
1513:Louis I d'Anjou
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1098:Barbary macaque
1071:Atlas Mountains
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1005:Published works
980:Nichan Iftikhar
893:
880:Arc de Triomphe
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1172:0-275-98288-2
1168:
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1151:. pp.119â121.
1150:
1149:0-521-59324-7
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1056:Les Invalides
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852:Adham Khanjar
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558:(1870â1871).
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530:(1923â1937).
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475:Mandingo Wars
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251:Henri Gouraud
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119: â
118:
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113:Find sources:
107:
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97:
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91:This article
89:
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80:
79:
74:
72:
65:
64:
59:
58:
53:
48:
39:
38:
33:
19:
2381:Bruno Le Ray
2309:Roger PĂ©rier
2291:Jean Favreau
2255:André Demetz
2225:Henri Zeller
2135:
2016:Joseph Vinoy
1829:Joseph Gilot
1781:Jean Thierry
1672:François d'O
1648:François d'O
1373:
1367:
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1110:district of
1091:Middle Atlas
1078:
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1045:Paris has a
1025:
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711:
667:
641:
639:
626:
600:
587:French Sudan
584:
560:
537:
498:
497:
471:Battles/wars
394:(1946-09-16)
341:Succeeded by
330:
311:Succeeded by
288:
268:Auguste LĂ©on
266:portrait by
244:
229:
213:
197:
195:lead section
164:
158:January 2013
155:
145:
138:
131:
124:
112:
100:Please help
95:verification
92:
68:
61:
55:
54:Please help
51:
2414:1946 deaths
2409:1867 births
2383:: 2015â2020
2377:: 2012â2015
2371:: 2007â2012
2365:: 2005â2007
2359:: 2002â2005
2353:: 2000â2002
2347:: 1996â2000
2341:: 1992â1996
2335:: 1991â1992
2329:: 1987â1991
2323:: 1984â1987
2317:: 1982â1984
2311:: 1981â1982
2305:: 1980â1981
2299:: 1977â1980
2293:: 1975â1977
2287:: 1974â1975
2281:: 1971â1974
2275:: 1968â1971
2273:André Meltz
2269:: 1965â1968
2263:: 1962â1965
2257:: 1960â1962
2245:: 1959â1960
2243:Raoul Salan
2239:: 1958â1959
2233:: 1957â1958
2227:: 1953â1957
2221:: 1947â1953
2215:: 1945â1947
2209:: 1944â1945
2154:Henri Dentz
2150:: 1939â1940
2144:: 1937â1939
2138:: 1923â1937
2132:: 1919â1923
2126:: 1918â1919
2114:: 1916â1918
2108:: 1915â1916
2102:: 1914â1915
2096:: 1912â1914
2090:: 1910â1912
2084:: 1906â1910
2078:: 1903â1906
2072:: 1901â1903
2066:: 1900â1901
2060:: 1899â1900
2054:: 1898â1899
2048:: 1884â1898
2042:: 1882â1884
2036:: 1880â1881
2030:: 1878â1880
2024:: 1871â1878
2012:: 1870â1871
2000:: 1865â1870
1994:: 1851â1865
1982:: 1848â1851
1976:: 1842â1848
1970:: 1830â1842
1964:: 1821â1830
1958:: 1819â1821
1952:: 1816â1818
1946:: 1815â1816
1934:: July 1815
1916:: 1814â1815
1904:: 1807â1814
1898:: 1806â1807
1886:: 1805â1806
1880:: 1804â1805
1861:: 1803â1804
1855:: 1800â1803
1849:: 1799â1800
1831:: 1798â1799
1825:: 1797â1798
1807:: 1796â1797
1801:: 1795â1796
1783:: 1794â1795
1777:: 1792â1794
1771:: 1791â1792
1752:: 1780â1791
1746:: 1771â1780
1740:: 1757â1771
1734:: 1739â1757
1728:: 1704â1739
1722:: 1687â1704
1720:LĂ©on Potier
1716:: 1676â1687
1710:: 1669â1675
1704:: 1662â1669
1698:: 1657â1662
1692:: 1648â1657
1686:: 1643â16..
1662:: 1590â1594
1656:: 1589â1590
1650:: 158.â1589
1638:: 15..â1572
1632:: 1562â1563
1626:: 1559â1562
1620:: 15..â15..
1614:: 1493â1496
1608:: 14..â1494
1602:: 1485â1488
1596:: 1483â1485
1587:: 1472â147.
1581:: 14..â1472
1575:: 1467â1470
1569:: 1465â1467
1551:: 14..â14..
1545:: 1429â14..
1539:: 1422â142.
1533:: 1418â1420
1527:: 1411â1413
1515:: 1356â1357
1287:Barr, James
1217:(in French)
1189:(in French)
1104:Rue Gouraud
891:Decorations
862:Later years
763:King Faisal
759:King Faisal
678:Fourth Army
664:World War I
621:, Chad and
595:Niger River
575:Montbéliard
465:Fourth Army
435:French Army
299:Preceded by
2403:Categories
2369:Bruno Dary
2194:since 1944
1392:References
1235:. p.
1095:endangered
1061:A massive
824:Autochrome
794:apocryphal
686:Strasbourg
623:Mauritania
534:Early life
411:Allegiance
372:1867-11-17
264:Autochrome
128:newspapers
57:improve it
1108:Achrafieh
982:(Tunisia)
965:(Morocco)
444:1890â1937
331:In office
293:1923â1937
289:In office
200:summarize
63:talk page
1379:Archived
1356:Archived
1289:(2017).
1231:(2012).
1205:Archived
1026:Au Maroc
1024:, 1945;
1020:, 1944;
1016:, 1939;
1012:, 1910;
771:Damascus
459:Commands
348:(acting)
216:May 2022
1459:of the
1455:in the
1106:in the
1089:in the
1075:Morocco
1069:in the
1028:, 1946
972:(Italy)
878:at the
874:to the
845:Alawite
836:Lyautey
808:Saladin
806:Awake,
739:at the
654:Lyautey
646:Morocco
631:Morocco
603:Fashoda
503:French:
398:Paris,
142:scholar
2389:: 2020
2251:: 1960
2203:: 1944
2156:: 1940
2120:: 1918
2018:: 1871
2006:: 1870
1988:: 1851
1940:: 1815
1928:: 1815
1922:: 1815
1910:: 1814
1892:: 1806
1843:: 1799
1837:: 1799
1819:: 1797
1813:: 1797
1795:: 1795
1789:: 1795
1680:: 1616
1674:: 1594
1668:: 1594
1644:: 1580
1563:: 1465
1557:: 1461
1521:: 1411
1439:
1429:
1266:
1169:
1147:
1112:Beirut
1067:Ifrane
1032:Legacy
830:, 1921
790:Levant
752:Aleppo
591:Samori
581:Africa
548:Angers
544:Vendée
512:French
424:France
421:
270:, 1919
144:
137:
130:
123:
115:
1119:Notes
1063:cedar
988:(USA)
841:Druze
619:Niger
379:Paris
149:JSTOR
135:books
1437:ISBN
1427:ISBN
1401:and
1264:ISBN
1215:.fr
1167:ISBN
1145:ISBN
843:and
633:and
609:and
449:Rank
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