279:
266:
292:
253:
305:
3425:
401:
In
Maryland and southern Pennsylvania, the Helderberg is divided into three formations. These are the New Creek Limestone, the Corriganville Limestone, and the Mandata Shale. The total thickness is about 60 feet. The formations weather easily and are poorly exposed except in cuts and quarries.
447:. The color of the Thacher is dark blueish-black. The limestone is fine to medium grained. It averages 51 feet thick. It makes up the upper part of the Manlius in New York and makes up the entirety of the Manlius in northeastern New Jersey. Moving southwest it become more
442:
The
Thacher Member member of the Manlius along eastern New York and down into parts of northern New Jersey. It is characterised as a "ribbon rock", meaning that it contains very thin layers of alternating limestone and
1996:
1974:
1348:
1623:
1613:
1358:
1333:
1683:
1673:
1550:
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357:
that outcrops in the State New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, New Jersey, and West
Virginia. It also is present subsurface in Ohio and the Canadian Providence of Ontario It preserves
1792:
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830:
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1986:
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732:
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2269:
Gantz, Hundred-foot sand, Fifty-foot sand, Thirty-foot sand, Nineveh-Snee, Gordon Stray, Fourth Sand, Fifth Sand, Bayard Sand, Elizabeth Sand, Sweet
Richard,
2236:
2083:
2016:
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1770:
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727:
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Upper Warren, Lower Warren, Speechely Stray, Speechely, Balltown A, Balltown B, Balltown C, Sheffield, First
Bradford, Second Bradford, Third Bradford, Kane
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2381:
2093:
2027:
2005:
1991:
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1980:
1870:
1718:
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1111:
737:
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2021:
631:
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1160:
717:
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581:"Upper Silurian and Lower Devonian Stratigraphy of Northeastern Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Southeasternmost New York"
3626:
3621:
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525:
Ver
Straeten, Charles; Ebert, James R.; Bartholomew, Alex; Benedict, Lucas; Matteson, Lucas; Shaw, George.
3616:
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580:
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1323:
889:
780:
119:
505:"The Helderberg Group and the Position of the Silurian-Devonian Boundary in North America"
8:
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527:"DEVONIAN STRATIGRAPHY AND K-BENTONITES IN THE CHERRY VALLEY â SCHOHARIE VALLEY REGION"
444:
384:
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419:
was first noted by
Vanuxem (1840, p. 372) as a "waterlime" (hydraulic limestone) near
3359:
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420:
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1958:
1911:
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1027:
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820:
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722:
651:
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369:
258:
602:
579:
EPSTEIN, ANITA G.; EPSTEIN, JACK B.; SPINK, WALTER J.; JENNINGS, DAVID S. (1967).
3301:
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2170:
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2209:
1658:
872:
816:
770:
690:
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2823:
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2175:
2165:
1400:
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1234:
916:
765:
760:
504:
284:
76:
29:
3432:
3049:
2959:
2915:
2884:
2867:
2844:
2527:
2473:
2148:
2052:
1187:
1000:
969:
951:
934:
475:
467:
448:
271:
197:
3397:
3103:
2133:
1195:
659:
479:
387:
is host to the Bald Hill ash bed, dated to 417.6 million years ago.
51:
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2772:
2318:
1950:
1589:
1226:
1018:
943:
546:"COMPARATIVE SEDIMENTOLOGY OF THE HELDERBERG GROUP IN CENTRAL NEW YORK"
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96:
61:
33:
3580:
3291:
2218:
1206:
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670:
436:
424:
391:
219:
101:
45:
2311:
1st Elk Sand, 2nd Elk Sand, 3rd Elk Sand, 4th Elk Sand, 5th Elk Sand
2111:
567:
Geologic map of the
Cumberland quadrangle, Allegany County, Maryland
3575:
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803:
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432:
366:
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91:
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463:
358:
106:
81:
524:
3548:
2718:
1036:
881:
37:
3424:
233:
578:
310:
1182:
646:
372:. The name was coined by T.A Conrad, 1839 in the
3598:
374:New York State Geological Survey Annual Report.
3494:
3463:
1168:
632:
569:, Maryland Geological Survey, Scale 1:24,000.
16:Geologic Group found in the Appalachian Basin
383:The upper portion of the Helderberg, or the
3501:
3487:
3470:
3456:
1175:
1161:
639:
625:
3607:New York (state) geologic formation stubs
565:Glaser, J.D., and Brezinski, D.K., 1994,
455:, as it grades into the Depue Limestone.
543:
3599:
1997:Lower Connoquenessing Sandstone Member
1975:Upper Connoquenessing Sandstone Member
390:The Helderberg is composed chiefly of
3482:
1156:
620:
553:New York State Geological Association
3419:
410:
3508:
13:
1349:Middle Washington Limestone Member
603:"Manlius Limestone, New York, USA"
502:
14:
3638:
1624:Lower Pittsburgh Limestone Member
1614:Upper Pittsburgh Limestone Member
1359:Lower Washington Limestone Member
1334:Upper Washington Limestone Member
544:Demicco, Robet V.; Smith, Jason.
3423:
1684:Lower Saltsburg Sandstone Member
1674:Upper Saltsburg Sandstone Member
1551:Lower Sewickley Sandstone Member
1540:Upper Sewickley Sandstone Member
458:The Thacher contains fossils of
303:
290:
277:
264:
251:
49:
1793:Upper Freeport Limestone Member
1777:Upper Freeport Limestone Member
1735:Lower Mahoning Sandstone Member
1724:Upper Mahoning Sandstone Member
512:United States Geological Survey
439:. The Manlius is 419 - 411 Ma.
405:
149:Kalkberg / Stormsville Members
3431:This article about a specific
595:
591:– via Rutgers Libraries.
572:
559:
537:
518:
496:
1:
1933:Lower Mercer Limestone Member
1923:Upper Mercer Limestone Member
489:
423:. The Manlius is composed of
3442:. You can help Knowledge by
7:
2690:Bobs Ridge Sandstone Member
1840:Kittanning Sandstone Member
1699:Bush Creek Limestone Member
1689:Pine Creek Limestone Member
1619:Little Pittsburgh coal seam
1547:"Meigis Creek" "No. 9 Coal"
1483:Waynesburg Limestone Member
10:
3643:
3418:
2781:Helderberg Group (geology)
2763:Helderberg Group (geology)
2745:Helderberg Group (geology)
2359:Huntley Mountain Formation
1823:Johnstone Limestone Member
1679:Woods Run Limestone Member
1561:Cedarville Sanstone Member
1556:Sewickley Limestone Member
1504:Uniontown Limestone Member
1339:Jollytown Limestone Member
585:Geological Survey Bulletin
3516:
3396:
3333:
3324:
3290:
3281:
3223:
3177:
3084:
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3014:
2950:
2941:
2906:
2875:
2866:
2822:
2813:
2771:
2753:
2717:
2708:
2623:
2569:
2560:
2402:
2217:
2208:
2199:
2132:
2110:
2051:
2042:
1965:Connoquenessing Formation
1949:
1902:Homewood Sandstone Member
1798:Freeport Sandstone Member
1745:
1588:
1488:Uniontown Sanstone Member
1391:
1382:
1373:
1225:
1216:
1205:
1194:
1078:
1035:
1026:
1017:
991:
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933:
915:
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880:
871:
839:
802:
793:
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698:
689:
680:
669:
658:
380:or Helderberg Mountains.
339:
331:
326:
318:
244:
239:
225:
215:
210:
191:
172:
152:Shawnee / Revanna Members
125:
115:
28:
23:
1866:Vanport Limestone Member
1694:Buffalo Sandstone Member
1432:Middle Waynesburg Member
3438:in New York state is a
3365:Pleasent Hill Formation
1782:Butler Sandstone Member
1572:Westone Sanstone Member
1473:Gilboy Sandstone Member
1442:Lower Waynesburg Member
1417:Upper Waynesburg Member
3627:Silurian West Virginia
3622:Devonian West Virginia
2832:Bass Islands Formation
1892:Beaver River Formation
1828:Middle Kittanning Coal
1493:Annabelle Shale Member
1478:Little Waynesburg Coal
1422:Little Washington Coal
155:Depue Limestone Member
137:New Scotland Formation
3612:Devonian Pennsylvania
3187:Wells Creek Formation
3152:Linden Hall Formation
2997:Goat Island Formation
2603:Skaneateles Formation
2552:Murrysville Sandstone
2162:"Big Injun Sandstone"
1834:Lower Kittanning Coal
1818:Upper Kittanning Coal
1669:Upper Bakerstown coal
1566:Redstone-Pomeroy coal
1310:Upper Washington Coal
1117:Sugar River Formation
1088:Kings Falls Formation
1070:Sugar River Formation
831:Skaneatales Formation
826:Ludlowville Formation
756:Rhinestreet Formation
708:Cattaraugus Formation
378:Helderberg Escarpment
335:Helderberg Escarpment
158:Peters Valley Member
143:Flatbrookville Member
3523:Lower/Early Devonian
3370:Waynesboro Formation
3311:Gatesburgh Formation
3267:Stonehenge Formation
3213:Bellefonte Formation
3170:Loyalsburg Formation
3099:Reedsville Formation
2735:Bois Blanc Formation
2615:Mahantango Formation
2442:Lock Haven Formation
2423:Sherman Creek Member
2387:Sherman Creek Member
2232:Lock Haven Formation
2124:Loyalhanna Formation
2120:Greenbrier Limestone
1987:Quakertown Fire Clay
1807:Kittanning Formation
1629:Connellsville Member
1577:Pittsburgh coal seam
1535:Upper Sewickley Coal
1520:Pittsburgh Formation
1407:Waynesburg Formation
1324:Washington Formation
1296:Prosperity Limestone
1286:Claysville Limestone
1281:Fish Creek Sandstone
890:Bois Blanc Formation
781:West Falls Formation
733:Perrysburg Formation
3530:Upper/Late Devonian
3094:Queenston Formation
3061:Tuscarora Formation
3040:Rose Hill Formation
2644:Marcellus Formation
2428:Irish Valley Member
2392:Irish Valley Member
2364:Hampshire Formation
2273:Chadakoin Formation
2252:Cussewago Formation
2237:Riceville Formation
2099:Bluefield Formation
2084:Princeton Formation
2079:Bluestone Formation
2017:Sharon Shale Member
1787:Lower Freeport Coal
1771:Upper Freeport Coal
1664:Pittsburgh Red Beds
1604:Casselman Formation
1510:Fulton Shale Member
1457:Uniontown Formation
1251:Windy Gap Limestone
1055:Indian Castle Shale
728:Panama Conglomerate
433:calcareous mudstone
361:dating back to the
30:Stratigraphic range
3380:Antietam Formation
3375:Tomstown Formation
2927:Syracuse Formation
2896:Camillus Formation
2740:Oriskany Formation
2727:Huntersville Chert
2680:Huntersville Chert
2653:Onondaga Limestone
2547:Knapp Conglomerate
2523:Penn Yan Formation
2437:Brallier Formation
2354:Rockwell Formation
2227:Brallier Formation
2183:Rockwell Formation
2142:Cuyahoga Formation
2061:Shenango Formation
1761:Freeport Formation
1708:Mahoning Formation
1648:Glenshaw Formation
1437:WaynesburgâAâ coal
1427:WaynesburgâBâ coal
1184:Chronostratigraphy
1100:Lowville Formation
854:Onondaga Limestone
713:Chadokin Formation
648:Chronostratigraphy
385:Kalkberg Formation
184:Oriskany Formation
179:Onondaga Limestone
146:Coeymans Formation
134:Minisink Limestone
3617:Silurian New York
3594:
3593:
3589:
3588:
3451:
3450:
3412:
3411:
3405:Grenville Complex
3392:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3360:Potsdam Formation
3355:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3343:Kinzers Formation
3316:Warrior Formation
3277:
3276:
3262:Nittany Formation
3246:Beekmantown Group
3201:Beekmantown Group
3141:Black River Group
3071:
3070:
3010:
3009:
3001:Gasport Formation
2992:Eramosa Formation
2937:
2936:
2809:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2795:Manlius Limestone
2704:
2703:
2608:Tichnor Formation
2542:
2541:
2465:Rhinestreet Shale
2335:Chagrin Formation
2195:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2160:Burgoon Formation
2068:Mauch Chunk Group
2038:
2037:
1938:Lower Mercer Coal
1928:Upper Mercer Coal
1877:Brookville Member
1849:Clarian Formation
1639:Birmingham Member
1634:Morgantown Member
1530:Benwood Limestone
1451:Monongahela Group
1369:
1368:
1276:Nineveh Limestone
1266:Nineveh Sandstone
1261:Gilmore Sandstone
1150:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1130:Black River Group
1125:
1124:
1107:Napanee Formation
1095:Black River Group
1065:Steuben Formation
1050:Hillier Formation
1013:
1012:
1009:
1008:
978:
977:
902:
901:
898:
897:
867:
866:
789:
788:
445:argillaceous rock
421:Manlius, New York
417:Manlius Limestone
411:Manlius Limestone
347:
346:
343:Conrad, T.A. 1839
161:Manlius Limestone
140:Maskenozha Member
3634:
3519:
3518:
3503:
3496:
3489:
3480:
3479:
3472:
3465:
3458:
3427:
3420:
3331:
3330:
3288:
3287:
3257:Axeman Formation
3162:Hatter Formation
3157:Snyder Formation
3132:Rodman Formation
3127:Salona Formation
3122:Coburn Formation
3082:
3081:
2988:Guelph Formation
2971:Vernon Formation
2948:
2947:
2873:
2872:
2856:Bertie Formation
2820:
2819:
2790:Keyser Formation
2715:
2714:
2598:Ludlow Formation
2593:Moscow Formation
2567:
2566:
2518:West River Shale
2460:Angola Formation
2449:West Falls Group
2382:Duncannon Member
2242:Oswayo Formation
2215:
2214:
2206:
2205:
2094:Maxton Sandstone
2089:Hinton Formation
2049:
2048:
2028:Sharon Sandstone
2006:Sharon Formation
1992:Quakertown Shale
1959:Pottsville Group
1912:Mercer Formation
1886:Pottsville Group
1389:
1388:
1380:
1379:
1306:Donley Limestone
1241:Greene Formation
1223:
1222:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1177:
1170:
1163:
1154:
1153:
1045:Denley Formation
1033:
1032:
1024:
1023:
989:
988:
940:
939:
925:Bertie Formation
913:
912:
878:
877:
859:Tioga Bentonites
821:Moscow Formation
800:
799:
776:Sonyea Formation
723:Oswayo Formation
696:
695:
687:
686:
678:
677:
673:
667:
666:
662:
641:
634:
627:
618:
617:
611:
610:
609:. 20 March 2024.
599:
593:
592:
576:
570:
563:
557:
556:
550:
541:
535:
534:
522:
516:
515:
509:
500:
351:Helderberg Group
309:
307:
306:
296:
294:
293:
283:
281:
280:
270:
268:
267:
259:New York (state)
257:
255:
254:
111:
48:
24:Helderberg Group
21:
20:
3642:
3641:
3637:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3632:
3631:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3569:
3553:
3527:Middle Devonian
3512:
3510:Devonian Period
3507:
3477:
3476:
3413:
3408:
3384:
3347:
3320:
3302:Knox Supergroup
3273:
3233:Knox Supergroup
3219:
3196:Knox Supergroup
3173:
3067:
3035:Rochester Shale
3006:
2933:
2902:
2862:
2839:
2837:Akron Formation
2801:
2767:
2749:
2700:
2619:
2577:Tully Limestone
2556:
2538:
2490:Middlesex Shale
2398:
2330:Cleveland Shale
2187:
2171:Berea Sandstone
2128:
2106:
2034:
1981:Quakertown Coal
1977:"2nd Salt Sand"
1963:
1945:
1904:"1st Salt Sand"
1890:
1871:Brookville Coal
1759:
1755:Allegheny Group
1741:
1719:Bush Creek Coal
1602:
1598:Conemaugh Group
1584:
1518:
1467:Waynesburg coal
1455:
1405:
1365:
1354:Washington Coal
1322:
1314:Rockport Member
1239:
1207:
1196:
1190:
1181:
1151:
1134:
1121:
1112:Selby Formation
1074:
1005:
974:
956:
929:
894:
863:
849:Marcellus Shale
835:
819:
812:Tully Limestone
785:
742:
738:Westfield Shale
671:
660:
654:
645:
615:
614:
601:
600:
596:
577:
573:
564:
560:
548:
542:
538:
523:
519:
507:
501:
497:
492:
472:tabulate corals
460:stromatoporoids
413:
408:
304:
302:
291:
289:
278:
276:
265:
263:
252:
250:
131:Port Ewen Shale
110:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
43:
42:
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3640:
3630:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3592:
3591:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3578:
3572:
3570:
3568:
3567:
3562:
3556:
3554:
3552:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3528:
3525:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3506:
3505:
3498:
3491:
3483:
3475:
3474:
3467:
3460:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3428:
3417:
3416:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3402:
3400:
3394:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3356:
3353:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3345:
3339:
3337:
3328:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3318:
3313:
3307:
3306:
3305:
3304:
3296:
3294:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3271:
3270:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3242:
3241:
3240:
3239:
3235:
3229:
3227:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3207:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3198:
3190:
3189:
3183:
3181:
3175:
3174:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3137:
3136:
3135:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3116:
3115:
3113:
3107:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3090:
3088:
3079:
3073:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3046:
3045:
3044:
3043:
3037:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3020:
3018:
3012:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3004:
3003:
3002:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2983:
2982:
2980:Lockport Group
2976:
2975:
2974:
2973:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2956:
2954:
2945:
2939:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2931:
2930:
2929:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2912:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2900:
2899:
2898:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2881:
2879:
2870:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2834:
2828:
2826:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2784:
2783:
2777:
2775:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2765:
2759:
2757:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2731:Needmore Shale
2723:
2721:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2696:Needmore Shale
2693:
2692:
2691:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2682:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2649:
2648:
2647:
2646:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2633:Hamilton Group
2629:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2612:
2611:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2582:Hamilton Group
2575:
2573:
2564:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2554:
2549:
2543:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2536:
2535:
2534:
2525:
2520:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2509:
2505:
2495:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2487:
2485:Cashaqua Shale
2479:
2478:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2468:
2467:
2462:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2425:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2412:Catskill Group
2408:
2406:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2396:
2395:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2371:Catskill Group
2367:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2349:Java Formation
2345:
2344:
2343:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2283:Bradford Group
2279:
2278:
2277:
2276:
2275:, First Warren
2270:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2255:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2223:
2221:
2212:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2185:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2138:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2126:
2116:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2103:
2102:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2057:
2055:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2025:
2019:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1978:
1969:
1968:
1961:
1955:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1905:
1896:
1895:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1880:
1879:
1874:
1868:
1863:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1837:
1831:
1825:
1820:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1765:
1764:
1757:
1751:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1737:
1732:
1726:
1721:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1659:Ames Limestone
1653:
1652:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1642:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1608:
1607:
1600:
1594:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1574:
1569:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1545:Sewickley Coal
1542:
1537:
1532:
1524:
1523:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1507:
1501:
1498:Uniontown Coal
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1461:
1460:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1411:
1410:
1403:
1397:
1395:
1386:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1344:Jollytown Coal
1341:
1336:
1328:
1327:
1319:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1256:Windy Gap Coal
1253:
1245:
1244:
1237:
1231:
1229:
1220:
1211:
1200:
1192:
1191:
1180:
1179:
1172:
1165:
1157:
1148:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1132:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1084:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1060:Rust Formation
1057:
1052:
1047:
1041:
1039:
1030:
1021:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1003:
997:
995:
986:
980:
979:
976:
975:
973:
972:
966:
964:
958:
957:
955:
954:
948:
946:
937:
931:
930:
928:
927:
921:
919:
910:
904:
903:
900:
899:
896:
895:
893:
892:
886:
884:
875:
869:
868:
865:
864:
862:
861:
856:
851:
845:
843:
837:
836:
834:
833:
828:
823:
817:Hamilton Group
814:
808:
806:
797:
791:
790:
787:
786:
784:
783:
778:
773:
771:Java Formation
768:
763:
758:
752:
750:
744:
743:
741:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
704:
702:
693:
684:
675:
664:
656:
655:
644:
643:
636:
629:
621:
613:
612:
594:
571:
558:
536:
517:
503:Berdan, Jean.
494:
493:
491:
488:
412:
409:
407:
404:
376:Named for the
363:Early Devonian
355:geologic group
345:
344:
341:
337:
336:
333:
329:
328:
324:
323:
320:
316:
315:
314:
313:
300:
287:
274:
261:
246:
242:
241:
237:
236:
227:
223:
222:
217:
213:
212:
208:
207:
206:
205:
200:
193:
189:
188:
187:
186:
181:
174:
170:
169:
168:
167:
166:
165:
164:Thacher Member
162:
156:
153:
150:
147:
144:
141:
138:
135:
132:
127:
123:
122:
117:
113:
112:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3639:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3533:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3520:
3515:
3511:
3504:
3499:
3497:
3492:
3490:
3485:
3484:
3481:
3473:
3468:
3466:
3461:
3459:
3454:
3453:
3447:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3434:
3433:stratigraphic
3429:
3426:
3422:
3421:
3415:
3414:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3399:
3395:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3336:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3323:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3308:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3280:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3253:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3222:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3192:
3191:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3171:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3148:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3118:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3111:Trenton Group
3109:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3074:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3042:"Red Clinton"
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3032:
3031:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3024:Clinton Group
3022:
3021:
3019:
3017:
3013:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2984:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2967:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2940:
2928:
2925:
2924:
2923:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2878:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2865:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2842:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2812:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2786:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2770:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2752:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2720:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2707:
2697:
2694:
2689:
2688:
2687:
2686:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2622:
2616:
2613:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2589:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2572:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2533:
2532:Geneseo Shale
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2503:Harrell Shale
2500:
2499:Genesee Group
2497:
2496:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2481:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2456:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2419:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2401:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2378:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2326:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2308:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2290:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2266:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2259:Venango Group
2257:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2247:Bedford Shale
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2184:
2181:
2177:
2176:Bedford Shale
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2166:Sunbury Shale
2164:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2131:
2125:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2101:"Little Lime"
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:"No. 4a Coal"
1861:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1814:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:"No. 6a Coal"
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1736:
1733:
1731:"No. 7a Coal"
1730:
1729:Mahoning Coal
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1610:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:"No 8a. Coal"
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1516:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1500:"No. 10 Coal"
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:"No. 11 Coal"
1468:
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1458:
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1452:
1449:
1448:
1443:
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1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
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1412:
1408:
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1402:
1401:Dunkard Group
1399:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1381:
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1372:
1360:
1357:
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1259:
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1236:
1235:Dunkard Group
1233:
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1204:
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1199:
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769:
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766:Geneseo Shale
764:
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761:Genesee Group
759:
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754:
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531:Research Gate
528:
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480:tentaculitids
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468:rugose corals
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367:Late Silurian
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322:United States
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285:West Virginia
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44:419â393
39:
35:
31:
27:
22:
19:
3444:expanding it
3430:
3168:
3050:Medina Group
2960:Salina Group
2916:Salina Group
2885:Salina Group
2845:Salina Group
2780:
2762:
2744:
2528:Burket Shale
2474:Sonyea Group
2149:Pocono Group
2053:Serpukhovian
2024:"No. 1 Coal"
1983:"No. 2 Coal"
1940:"No. 3 Coal"
1873:"No. 4 Coal"
1860:Clarian Coal
1836:"No. 5 Coal"
1830:"No. 6 Coal"
1773:"No. 7 Coal"
1579:"No. 8 Coal"
1506:"Great Lime"
1301:Tenmile Coal
1291:Dunkard Coal
1271:Nineveh Coal
1188:Pennsylvania
1001:Salina Group
970:Salina Group
952:Salina Group
606:
597:
588:
584:
574:
561:
552:
539:
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476:tranchiopods
457:
449:argillaceous
441:
416:
414:
406:Stratigraphy
400:
389:
382:
373:
350:
348:
327:Type section
272:Pennsylvania
198:Salina Group
18:
3104:Utica Shale
2340:Huron Shale
2134:Tournaisian
2122:"Big Lime"
2022:Sharon Coal
3601:Categories
3539:Lochkovian
3016:Llandovery
2877:Ludfordian
2773:Lochkovian
2664:Moorehouse
2319:Ohio Shale
1951:Bashkirian
1590:Kasimovian
1227:Cisuralian
944:Ludfordian
490:References
484:ostracodes
453:arenaceous
429:grainstone
34:Lochkovian
3581:Famennian
3436:formation
3292:Furongian
2670:Edgecliff
2301:Elk Group
2219:Famennian
1747:Moscovian
700:Famennian
437:bindstone
425:limestone
392:limestone
332:Named for
220:Limestone
211:Lithology
203:Tonoloway
173:Underlies
126:Sub-units
3576:Frasnian
3565:Givetian
3560:Eifelian
3326:Series 2
2952:Homerian
2908:Gorstian
2625:Eifelian
2571:Givetian
2404:Frasnian
1393:Gzhelian
1080:Sandbian
993:Homerian
962:Gorstian
841:Eifelian
804:Givetian
748:Frasnian
718:NE Shale
652:New York
464:crinoids
396:dolomite
340:Named by
298:Maryland
240:Location
230:Dolomite
192:Overlies
3544:Pragian
3335:Stage 4
2943:Wenlock
2824:Pridoli
2755:Pragian
984:Wenlock
917:Pridoli
359:fossils
319:Country
216:Primary
3549:Emsian
3179:Middle
2868:Ludlow
2719:Emsian
2667:Nedrow
2661:Seneca
2562:Middle
2112:Viséan
1037:Katian
935:Ludlow
882:Emsian
795:Middle
607:Mindat
482:, and
370:period
308:
295:
282:
269:
256:
245:Region
38:Emsian
3225:Lower
3086:Upper
2710:Lower
2210:Upper
1028:Upper
873:Lower
691:Upper
549:(PDF)
508:(PDF)
353:is a
234:Chert
226:Other
120:Group
3440:stub
589:1243
451:and
435:and
415:The
394:and
365:and
349:The
311:Ohio
116:Type
52:Preê
1186:of
650:of
3603::
3398:pĐ
2733:,
2729:,
2530:/
2501:/
1208:Pz
1197:Ph
672:Pz
661:Ph
605:.
587:.
583:.
551:.
529:.
510:.
486:.
478:,
474:,
470:,
466:,
462:,
431:,
427:,
398:.
232:,
102:Pg
46:Ma
32::
3502:e
3495:t
3488:v
3471:e
3464:t
3457:v
3446:.
3283:Đ
3203::
3077:O
2815:S
2201:D
2044:M
1967::
1894::
1763::
1606::
1522::
1459::
1409::
1384:â
1375:C
1326::
1243::
1218:P
1176:e
1169:t
1162:v
1019:O
908:S
682:D
640:e
633:t
626:v
555:.
533:.
514:.
107:N
97:K
92:J
87:T
82:P
77:C
72:D
67:S
62:O
57:ê
41:~
36:-
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