Heaven's Gate (religious group)

1115:. Soon after, they were threatened with legal action by Marc and Sarah King, the couple responsible for maintaining the group's website and intellectual property. A representative for the two wrote " is using and adapting our copyrights and trademarks without our permission and the infringement will be taken up with our attorneys. This is not fair use or parody; it is a direct and clear infringement". The teased cover contained a logo almost identical to the Heaven's Gate logo, with similar text and visuals below. When the album officially released, it would be changed substantially to instead feature three figures standing on the moon, accompanied by a UFO overhead. 566: 705:

neatly in its own bed, with faces and torsos covered by a square purple cloth, for privacy. In a 2020 interview with Harry Robinson, two members who were not in Rancho Santa Fe when the suicides happened said that the identical clothing was a uniform representing unity for the mass suicide, while the Nike Decades were chosen because the group "got a good deal on the shoes". Applewhite was also a fan of Nikes "and therefore everyone was expected to wear and like Nikes" within the group. Heaven's Gate had a saying, "Just Do it", echoing Nike's slogan, but pronouncing "Do" as "Doe", to reflect Applewhite's nickname.

734:, and the other with the "farewell messages" of group followers. It also contained a letter stating that, among other things, "we have exited our vehicles just as we entered them." DiAngelo informed his boss of the contents of the packages, and received a ride from him from Los Angeles to the Heaven's Gate home so he could verify the letter. DiAngelo found a back door intentionally left unlocked, and used a video camera to record what he found. After leaving the house, DiAngelo's boss, who had waited outside, encouraged him to make calls alerting the authorities. 901:. The term "ancient astronauts" is used to refer to various forms of the concept that extraterrestrials visited Earth in the distant past. Applewhite and Nettles took part of this concept and taught it as the belief that "aliens planted the seeds of current humanity millions of years ago, and have to come to reap the harvest of their work in the form of spiritually evolved individuals who will join the ranks of flying saucer crews. Only a select few members of humanity will be chosen to advance to this 540:. Many of Applewhite and Nettles' crew hailed from these diverse backgrounds; most of them are described by researchers as having been "longtime truth-seekers", or spiritual hippies who had long since believed in attempting to "find themselves" through spiritual means, combining faiths in a sort of cultural environment well into the mid-1980s. Not all of Applewhite's crew were hippies recruited from alternative religious backgrounds – one such recruit early on was John Craig, a respected 475:

had arranged for the group to go underground. From that point, "Do" and "Ti" (pronounced "doe" and "tee"), as the two now called themselves, led nearly one hundred members across the country, sleeping in tents and sleeping bags, and begging in the streets. Evading detection by the authorities and media enabled the group to focus on Do and Ti's doctrine of helping members of the crew achieve a "higher evolutionary level" above human, which the leaders claimed to have already reached.

671:(UFO) may have been trailing the comet, Applewhite and his 38 followers prepared for ritual suicide, coinciding with the closest approach of the comet, so their souls could reach the Next Level before the closure of "Heaven's Gate". Members believed that after their deaths a UFO would take their souls to another "level of existence above human", which was described as being both physical and spiritual. Their preparations included most members videotaping a farewell message. 289:. The central belief of the group was that followers could transform themselves into immortal extraterrestrial beings by rejecting their human nature, and they would ascend to heaven, referred to as the "Next Level" or "The Evolutionary Level Above Human". The death of Nettles from cancer in 1985 challenged the group's views on ascension; while they originally believed that they would ascend to heaven while alive aboard a 433:, and occasionally visited churches and spiritual groups to speak of their identities, often referring to themselves as "The Two", or "The UFO Two". They believed they would be killed and then resurrected and, in view of others, transported onto a spaceship. This event, which they referred to as "the Demonstration", was to prove their claims. These ideas were poorly received by other religious groups. 723:. Applewhite was the third to last member to die; two people remained after him, and were the only ones found with bags over their heads and not having purple cloths covering their top halves. Before the last of the suicides, similar sets of packages were sent to numerous Heaven's Gate affiliated (or formerly affiliated) individuals, and at least one media outlet, the BBC department responsible for 936:

Evolutionary Level Above Human" (TELAH) was a "physical, corporeal place", another world in our universe, where residents live in pure bliss and nourish themselves by absorbing pure sunlight. At the next level, beings do not engage in sexual intercourse, eating or dying, the things that make humans "mammalian". Heaven's Gate believed that what the Bible calls God is a highly developed

818:. The man left a note dated March 27, which said, "I'm going on the spaceship with Hale–Bopp to be with those who have gone before me," and imitated some of the details of the Heaven's Gate suicides as they had then been reported. The man was found dead by a friend on March 31, and had no known connection with Heaven's Gate. 969:"erase their human personal histories as the histories of souls who formerly occupied the bodies of Applewhite and Nettles". Over time, Applewhite revised his identity in the group to encourage the belief that the "walk-in" that was inhabiting his body was the same that had done so to Jesus 2,000 years ago. Similar to 917:

group's doctrine was confounded because Nettles was "chosen" by the Next Level to be a messenger on Earth, yet her body had died instead of leaving physically to outer space. Their belief system was then revised to include the leaving of consciousness from the body as equivalent to leaving the Earth in a spacecraft.

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who was saved by authorities. Another former member, James Pirkey Jr., died by suicide by a self-inflicted gunshot wound on May 11. In February 1998, Humphrey killed himself in Arizona. His body was found carrying a five dollar bill and four quarters in his pocket; next to him, a note: "do not revive".

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after the notion of walk-ins became popular within the New Age subculture, the Two changed their tune and began describing themselves as extraterrestrial walk-ins." A walk-in can be defined as "an entity who occupies a body that has been vacated by its original soul". Heaven's Gate came to believe an

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Members of Heaven's Gate believed that evil space aliens – Luciferians – falsely represented themselves to Earthlings as "God" and conspired to keep humans from developing. As technically advanced humanoids, these aliens have spacecraft, space-time travel, telepathy, and

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The concept of walk-ins aided Applewhite and Nettles in personally starting from what they considered to be "clean slates". In this clean slate, they were no longer considered to be the people they had been prior to the start of the group, but had taken on a new life; this concept gave them a way to

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The group declared that they were against suicide, as they defined suicide in their own context to mean "to turn against the Next Level when it is being offered", and believed their human bodies were only "vehicles" meant to help them on their journey. Suicide, therefore, would be not allowing their

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Dr. Hale discussed the scientific significance and popular lore of comets and gave a personal account of his discovery. He then lambasted the combination of scientific illiteracy, willful delusions, a radio talk show's deception about an imaginary spacecraft following the comet, and a cult's bizarre

581:(1979), in which Vallée described an unusual public meeting organized by the group. He expressed concerns about contactee groups' authoritarian political and religious outlooks, and Heaven's Gate did not escape criticism. Known to the media (though largely ignored), Heaven's Gate was better known in 474:

reported on the disappearances in one of the first national reports on the developing religious group: "A score of persons from a small Oregon town have disappeared. It's a mystery whether they've been taken on a so-called trip to eternity – or simply been taken." In reality, Applewhite and Nettles

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The Two would gain their first follower in May 1974: Sharon Morgan, who abandoned her children to join them. A month later, Morgan left The Two and returned to her family. Nettles and Applewhite were arrested and charged with credit card fraud for using Morgan's cards, although she had consented to

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Although these basic beliefs of the group stayed generally consistent over the years, "the details of their ideology were flexible enough to undergo modification over time". There are examples of the group's adding to or slightly changing their beliefs, such as: modifying the way one can enter the

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At least three former members of Heaven's Gate died by suicide in the months following the mass suicide. On May 6, 1997, Wayne Cooke and Chuck Humphrey (known as "Rkkody" within the group) attempted suicide in a hotel in a manner similar to that used by the group. Cooke died but Humphrey survived,

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The 39 adherents – 21 women and 18 men between the ages of 26 and 72 – are believed to have died in three groups over three successive days, with the remaining participants cleaning up after each prior group's deaths. The suicides occurred in groups of 15, 15, and 9, between approximately March 22

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Eventually, Applewhite and Nettles resolved to contact extraterrestrials, and they sought like-minded followers. They published advertisements for meetings, where they recruited disciples, called "the crew". At the events, they purported to represent beings from another planet, the Next Level, who

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story, which said $ 5.75 was "the cost to ride the tail of a comet to heaven." No such passage from the writings of Twain is known to exist. After a member died, a living member would arrange the body by removing the plastic bag from the person's head, followed by posing the body so that it lay

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in destitution, proclaiming the gospel of higher-level metamorphosis, the deceit of humans by "false-God spirits", envelopment with sunlight for meditative healing, and the divinity of the "UFO Two". In April 1976, the group stopped recruiting and became reclusive, and instituted a rigid set of

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as an extreme means of maintaining the ascetic lifestyle. The group initially attempted castration by having one of its members, a former nurse, perform the castration, but this almost resulted in the patient's death, and caused at least one member to leave Heaven's Gate. Every castration that

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Initially, recruits had been told that they would be biologically and chemically transformed into extraterrestrial beings and would be transported aboard a spacecraft, which would come to Earth and take them to heaven – the "Next Level". When Bonnie Lou Nettles (Ti) died of cancer in 1985, the

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The lone deputy who first responded to the call entered the home through a side door, saw ten bodies, and was nearly overcome by a "pungent odor". (The bodies were already decomposing in the hot Southern California spring.) After a cursory search by two more deputies found no one alive, they

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They believed that "to be eligible for membership in the Next Level, humans would have to shed every attachment to the planet". This meant all members had to give up all human-like characteristics, such as family, friends, gender, sexuality, individuality, jobs, money, and possessions. "The

696:). Each member carried a five-dollar bill and three quarters in their pockets. According to former members, this was standard for members leaving the home for jobs and "a humorous way to tell us they all had left the planet permanently"; the five-dollar bill was for covering the cost of 973:, this belief stated that the personage of Jesus and the spirit of Jesus were separable. This meant that Jesus was simply the name of the body of an ordinary man that held no sacred properties, that was taken over by an incorporeal sacred entity to deliver "next level" information. 45: 519:

and the use of drugs. Applewhite and Nettles solidified their temporal and religious authority over the group. Benjamin Zeller described the movement as having transformed "from a loosely organized social group to a centralized religious movement comparable to a roving monastery".

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studied the group it was known as Human Individual Metamorphosis (HIM). The group re-invented and renamed itself several times. Applewhite believed he was directly related to Jesus, meaning he was an "Evolutionary Kingdom Level Above Human". His writings, which combined aspects of

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consciousness to leave their human bodies to join the next level; remaining alive instead of participating in the group suicide was considered suicide of their consciousness. In conversation, when referring to a person or a person's body, they routinely used the word "vehicle".

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state. The rest will be left to wallow in the spiritually poisoned atmosphere of a corrupt world." Only individuals who joined Heaven's Gate, follow Applewhite and Nettle's belief system, and make the sacrifices required by membership would be allowed to escape human suffering.

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increased longevity. They use holograms to fake miracles. They are carnal beings with gender, and they stopped training to achieve the Kingdom of God thousands of years ago. Heaven's Gate believed that all existing religions on Earth had been corrupted by these aliens.

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had Nettles substituting for a nurse working with premature babies in the nursery. Applewhite later recalled that he felt that he had known Nettles for a long time and concluded that they had met in a past life. She told him their meeting had been foretold to her by

503:, and science fiction, suggest he believed himself to be Jesus' successor and the "Present Representative" of Christ on Earth. Do and Ti taught early on that Do's bodily "vehicle" was inhabited by the same alien spirit that belonged to Jesus; Ti was presented as 528:, as it became known, was a way for people to merge their diverse religious backgrounds and coalesce around a shared, generalized faith, which followers of new religious sects like Applewhite's crew found to be an appetizing alternative to traditional dogmas in 548:

race. He joined the group in 1975. As its numbers grew in its pre-Internet days, the clan of "UFO followers" seemed to have in common a need for communal belonging to an alternative path to higher existence outside the constraints of institutionalized faith.

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In an earlier suicide bid, on 1 April, a 58-year-old recluse was found dead in his home in a remote mountain canyon in northern California after dying by suicide. He had left a note indicating he believed that he would also join the dead Heaven's Gate cult

453:. According to Benjamin Zeller, while accounts of the meeting differ, all describe it as momentous and agree that Applewhite and Nettles presented themselves as charismatic leaders with an important spiritual message. About 25 individuals joined the group. 636:, in early March 1997, weeks before their mass suicide. In response to his e-mail, Theroux was told that Heaven's Gate could not take part in the documentary: "at the present time a project like this would be an interference with what we must focus on." 709:

and March 26; sources disagree as to the exact dates, with some stating that all three groups committed suicide on March 22, that the groups committed suicide on March 22–24, or on March 24–26. Among the dead was Thomas Nichols, brother of the actress

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A former member of the Heaven's Gate cult was found dead today in a copycat suicide in a motel room near the scene of the group's mass suicide in San Diego County, and another former member was found unconscious in the same room, the authorities

793:, was drawn into the story. Hale's phone "never stopped ringing the entire day". He chose not to respond until the next day at a press conference, after researching the details of the incident. Speaking at the Second World Skeptics Congress in 356:

and Biblical prophecy. The circumstances of their meeting are unclear. According to Applewhite's writings, the two met in a hospital where she worked while he was visiting a sick friend. It has been rumored that it was a psychiatric hospital.

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Willful exit from the body in a dignified manner. Near the end, Applewhite had a revelation that they might have to abandon their human bodies and achieve the next level as Jesus had done. This occurred when 39 members died by suicide and

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ran an article on the group, then known as "The Total Overcomers". Richard Ford, who would play a key role in the 1997 group suicide, discovered Heaven's Gate through this article and eventually joined them, renaming himself Rio DiAngelo.

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Identifying themselves by the business name "Higher Source", the group used its website to proselytize and recruit followers beginning in the early 1990s. Rumors began spreading among the group in the following years that the upcoming

417:. By June 19, Applewhite and Nettles's beliefs had solidified. They concluded that they had been chosen to fulfill biblical prophecies, and they had been given higher-level minds than other people. They wrote a pamphlet that described 810:"We are probably going to have some suicides as a result of this comet." The sad part is that I was really not surprised. Comets are lovely objects, but they don't have apocalyptic significance. We must use our minds, our reason. 2108:

According to material the group posted on its Internet site, the timing of the suicides were probably related to the arrival of the Hale–Bopp comet, which members seemed to regard as a cosmic emissary beckoning them to another

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discussed the theory of the "companion object" in the shadow of Hale–Bopp on several programs as early as November 1996. Speculation has been raised as to whether Bell's programs contributed to Heaven's Gate's group suicide.

316:...our 22 years of classroom here on planet Earth is finally coming to conclusion – 'graduation' from the Human Evolutionary Level. We are happily prepared to leave 'this world' and go with Ti's crew." 445:

sought participants for an experiment. They said that those who agreed to take part in the experiment would be brought to a higher evolutionary level. In April 1975, during a meeting with a group of eighty people in

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Some sociologists agree that the popular movement of alternative religious experience and individualism found in collective spiritual experiences during that period helped contribute to the growth of Heaven's Gate.

989:", an alien spacecraft would descend to Earth and collect Applewhite, Nettles, and their followers, and their human bodies would be transformed through biological and chemical processes to perfected beings. 3721: 1941:, by Elizabeth Gleick, Cathy Booth and Pmes Willwerth (Rancho Santa Fe); Nancy Harbert (Albuquerque); Rachele Kanigal (Oakland) and Richard N. Ostling and Noah Robischon (New York). 730:

Among those on the list of recipients was Rio DiAngelo. The package DiAngelo received on the evening of March 25, as other packages sent had, contained two VHS videotapes, one with

4929: 2155: 293:, they came to believe that the body was merely a "container" or "vehicle" for the soul and that their consciousness would be transferred to "Next Level bodies" upon death. 3939:

Cults, Conspiracies, and Secret Societies, The Straight Scoop on Freemasons, The Illuminati, Skull & Bones, Black Helicopters, The New World Order, and many, many more

254:(1927–1985), known within the movement as Do and Ti. Nettles and Applewhite first met in 1972 and went on a journey of spiritual discovery, identifying themselves as the 4740: 2955:

Goodwin, Megan (2017). "Staying after Class: Memory and Materiality beyond Heaven's Gate Report on the New Religious Movements Group Methods Meeting, 21 November 2014".

1200: 648:. They paid the $ 7,000 per month rent in cash. The same month, the group purchased alien abduction insurance that would cover up to fifty members and would pay out $ 1 1035:

shared. In public, each member of the group always carried a five-dollar bill and a roll of quarters. 8 men in the group, including Applewhite, voluntarily underwent

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The infamy caused by the mass suicides, limited availability, and their sudden discontinuation have been cited as reasons for the high resale value of Nike Decades.

464:. After selling all "worldly" possessions and saying farewell to loved ones, around 20 people vanished from the public eye and joined the group. Later that year, on 3665: 985:

Physical pickup onto a TELAH spacecraft and transfer to a next level body aboard that craft. In this version, what Professor Zeller calls a "UFO" version of the "

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According to Heaven's Gate, once the individual has perfected himself through the "process", there were four methods to enter or "graduate" to the next level:

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In October 1996, the group rented a large house which they called "The Monastery", a 9,200-square-foot (850 m) mansion located near 18341 Colina Norte in

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nine months earlier, which he still possessed. Applewhite spent six months in jail primarily in Missouri, and was released in early 1975, rejoining Nettles.

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Natural death, accidental death, or death from random violence. Here, the "graduating soul" leaves the human container for a perfected next-level body.

2867: 262:, attracting a following of several hundred people in the mid-1970s. In 1976, a core group of a few dozen members stopped recruiting and instituted a 3693: 2295: 1015:

Animals were said to have souls, and a soul in an animal could enter the next level, a human soul, if it becomes a servant of humans, such as in a

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p.m. on March 26, suggesting they "check on the welfare of the residents". Days after the suicides, the caller was revealed to be DiAngelo.

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Decades athletic shoes, and armband patches reading "Heaven's Gate Away Team" (one of many instances of the group's use of the terms of

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million per person (the policy covered abduction, impregnation, or death by aliens). In June 1995, they had purchased land near

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discovered the bodies of the 39 active members of the group, including Applewhite, in a house in the San Diego suburb of

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laws and the quarters were for calling home from pay phones. Another former member stated that it was a reference to a

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hypothesis, which was prominent at the time of the group's formation due to the then-recent publication of works like

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Raine, Susan (2005). "Reconceptualising the Human Body: Heaven's Gate and the Quest for Divine Transformation".

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or Christian in nature. Benjamin Zeller has argued that the theology of Heaven's Gate was primarily rooted in

4225: 3514: 1255: 960:; when the group began, "Applewhite and Nettles taught their followers that they were extraterrestrial beings 437:

their use. The charges were dropped. A routine check brought up that Applewhite had stolen a rental car from

3484: 3459: 4793: 4572: 4392: 4272:(1995). "Waiting for the ships: disillusionment and revitalization of faith in Bo and Peep's UFO cult". In 3352: 2877: 449:, they shared their "simultaneous" revelation that they were the two witnesses in the Bible's story of the 4904: 4692: 3823: 2928: 2307: 1237: 645: 617: 301: 4845: 4598: 4159:

Zeller, Benjamin E. (2010b). "Extraterrestrial Biblical Hermeneutics and the Making of Heaven's Gate".

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to signify themselves as "children of the Next Level". This is mentioned in Applewhite's final video,

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and began creating a compound out of rubber tires and concrete, but had left abruptly in April 1996.

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The group is only open to adults over the age of 18. Members gave up their possessions and lived an

4825: 4761: 4544: 4273: 4246:(1985). "When the Light Goes Out, Darkness Comes: A Study of Defection from a Totalistic Cult". In 4027: 3995: 3819: 3571:"'Heaven's Gate' Review: HBO Max Doc Reveals Bonkers UFO Cult as More Than Just a Pop-Culture Joke" 1094:

aired a sketch where the cult members made it to space. It was followed by a commercial parody for

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Although most people considered the event a mass suicide, sociologist and former member of a cult,

537: 446: 4113:(2000). "The Devil at Heaven's Gate: Rethinking the Study of Religion in the Age of Cyber-Space". 4058:

Destroying the World to Save it: Aum Shinrikyō, Apocalyptic Violence, and the New Global Terrorism

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Sunday, the next team of fifteen followed. Finally, there were seven on Monday, and then only two.

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yearnings for ascending to another level of existence that led to the Heaven's Gate mass suicides.

3829: 3376: 2035: 1905: 1085:, based on the exploits of Applewhite and Nettles, then relatively unknown, which aired in 1982. 1071: 490:". The group also had several names prior to the adoption of the name Heaven's Gate. At the time 353: 22: 2382:

The Copycat Effect: How the Media and Popular Culture Trigger the Mayhem in Tomorrow's Headlines

4949: 4919: 4832: 4675: 3694:"Michael C. Hall & Grace Caroline Currey Join Heaven's Gate Cult Biopic 'The Leader' – AFM" 3670: 2765: 2645: 2537: 1542: 948:

Next Level, changing the way they described themselves, placing more importance on the idea of

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Fifteen members died that night. Fifteen more died the next day, followed by nine on March 26.

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The group earned revenue by offering professional website development under the business name

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as a Texan, a veiled reference to Applewhite. Furthermore, they concluded that they were the

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providing more in-depth information, including interviews with former members and relatives

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Prophets and Protons: New Religious Movements and Science in Late Twentieth-Century America

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An Interview with Astronomer Alan Hale – CTV call-in (Knoxville Freethought Forum 4/23/13)

1007:, Applewhite was afraid the American government would murder the members of Heaven's Gate. 924:

The members of the group adopted names consisting of three letters followed by the suffix

892: 789:. When the news broke of its relation to Comet Hale–Bopp, the co-discoverer of the comet, 8: 4839: 4486: 4465: 2040: 1090: 664: 653: 569:

Title of a flyer for a Heaven's Gate recruitment meeting, Berkeley, California, May, 1994

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News of the mass suicide motivated the copycat suicide of a 58-year-old man living near

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Goerman, Patricia (2011). "Heaven's Gate: The Dawning of a New Religious Movement". In

3897: 3698: 2982: 2809: 2770: 2291: 2221: 2094: 1464: 430: 410: 259: 3818:(2004). ""Come On Up, and I Will Show Thee": Heaven's Gate as a Postmodern Group". In 2563: 1098:, featuring the tagline, "Worn by level-headed Christians," as well as footage of the 4719: 4635: 4377: 4330: 4304: 4285: 4255: 4229: 4191: 4145: 4102: 4065: 4053: 4039: 4009: 3981: 3951: 3922: 3910: 3901: 3889: 3879: 3847: 3833: 3801: 3519: 3464: 3439: 3396: 3048: 2974: 2933: 2386: 2241:"Going to Heaven on a UFO – an interview with Heaven's Gate cult members 22 years on" 2213: 2128: 1910: 1776: 1708: 1589: 1249: 957: 888: 856:

Scholars disagree over whether the theology of Heaven's Gate is fundamentally either

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was the sign that the group had been looking for, as well as the speculation that an

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housed the secret to their ultimate salvation and ascent into the kingdom of heaven.

333: 4512: 4411: 1764: 574: 491: 348:, over an alleged relationship with one of his male students. On March 1972, he met 4645: 4415: 4406: 4170: 4124: 4094: 4090: 4005: 3871: 3867: 3789: 3785: 3401: 3040: 2966: 2693: 2259:"How Heaven's Gate's Choice Of Nikes For Mass Suicide Became A Cultural Touchstone" 2060: 1993: 1967: 1772: 1144: 996: 848:, operating as the TELAH Foundation, are believed to maintain the group's website. 841: 710: 466: 457: 414: 386: 374: 1143:

Heaven's Gate was the subject of the 10-part podcast of the same name produced by

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retreated until a search warrant could be procured. All 39 bodies were ultimately

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In February 2023, a movie following the story of Applewhite and Nettles entitled

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extraterrestrial walk-in is "a walk-in that is supposedly from another planet".

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During March 19–20, 1997, Marshall Applewhite taped himself in a video entitled

4914: 4709: 4551: 4470: 4216:(1982). "Bo and Peep: A Case Study of the Origins of Messianic Leadership". In 3547: 3343: 2800: 2783: 2581: 1984: 1923: 1188: 909:

Heaven's Gate, paralleling ancient astronaut theorists like Erich Von Däniken,

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15 people on March 24, another 15 on March 25, and the final nine on March 26

2341: 2217: 1882: 1712: 1576: 1210: 1111: 830: 675: 623: 511: 496: 426: 422: 390: 255: 239: 128: 4174: 4128: 3515:"Fascination over Heaven's Gate cult continues, 20 years after mass suicide" 3109:"Anatomy of a mass suicide: The dark, twisted story behind a UFO death cult" 3044: 2970: 2419:"Suicide, Nikes, and comet space ships: the story of the Heaven's Gate cult" 4655: 4614: 4522: 4507: 4491: 4269: 4247: 4243: 4213: 4161: 4115: 3969: 3781: 3427: 2957: 1956: 1455: 1183: 1106: 1051: 1031:

life devoid of indulgences. The group was tightly knit, and everything was

1000: 970: 910: 881: 826: 786: 586: 382: 325: 286: 65: 3357: 2045: 1738:"The Online Legacy of a Suicide Cult and the Webmasters Who Stayed Behind" 1616: 4420: 4019: 3961: 3784:; Taylor, David (2002). "Making Sense of the Heaven's Gate Suicides". In 3726: 3633: 3435: 1580: 533: 450: 394: 378: 263: 3029:"Extraterrestrial Biblical Hermeneutics and the Making of Heaven's Gate" 2986: 2225: 2201: 1989:"Heaven's Gate left mounds of old tires and a few friends in New Mexico" 755:

Caller: This is regarding a mass suicide, and I can give you the address

4855: 4217: 4110: 4030:(2003). "Legitimating Suicide: Heaven's Gate and New Age Ideology". In 3607: 1131: 1099: 1036: 1028: 1004: 902: 794: 782: 701: 687: 500: 398: 155: 145: 4714: 1492: 1417: 1130:

In 2021, Heaven's Gate was one of the subjects in the first season of

487: 456:

In September 1975, Applewhite and Nettles preached at a motel hall in

3754: 3638:"For 'Heaven's Gate' Podcast Host, The Cult Story Hits Close To Home" 3575: 3113: 1802: 1537: 1193: 1055: 1016: 770: 692: 594: 525: 479: 438: 151: 4665: 3915:

Heaven's Gate: Postmodernity and Popular Culture in a Suicide Group

3392:"Internet Provided Way To Pay Bills, Spread Message Before Suicide" 2844: 2346: 956:

concepts. One of these concepts was the belief of extraterrestrial

865: 806:

Hale said that well before Heaven's Gate, he had told a colleague:

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Caller: Yes, I need to report an anonymous tip, who do I talk to?

44: 3619: 2637: 2529: 2303: 1742: 1124: 995:

Outside persecution that leads to death. After the deaths of the

986: 953: 877: 873: 857: 845: 585:

circles, and through a series of academic studies by sociologist

529: 341: 282: 278: 83: 79: 4389: 4660: 4583: 3863: 3859: 3750:"The Heaven's Gate Nikes and the Sneakerheads Who Collect Them" 3490: 461: 218: 4351: 2061:"Mass suicide involved sedatives, vodka, and careful planning" 727:, for which Heaven's Gate had earlier declined participation. 3265: 3263: 3005: 2520:. March 25, 2011. Archived from the original on June 16, 2019 1395: 1393: 1391: 1019:, and "sees itself as a family member in that human family". 949: 932:, filmed March 19–20, 1997, just days prior to the suicides. 714: 679: 510:

The crew used various recruitment methods as they toured the

418: 345: 95: 4741:

Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God

4281: 1585:"UFO Religion – Making Sense of the Heaven's Gate Suicides" 1201:

Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God

1123:, a documentary miniseries about the cult, was released on 1095: 678:

mixed with apple sauce or pudding, and washed it down with

627: 243: 3858:. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion. Vol. 20. 3287: 3260: 2698:"Science and Reason, Foibles and Fallacies, and Doomsdays" 1388: 1147:

to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the mass suicide.

1109:

posted a concept album art for their then-upcoming album,

209:

Human Individual Metamorphosis, Total Overcomers Anonymous

3642: 3199: 3197: 3172: 3170: 2904: 2628:. finitist. Archived from the original on August 11, 2019 2600: 2517: 2489: 2065: 1480: 1376: 1301: 1082: 582: 290: 3133: 3131: 2031:"Package to office alerts ex-member to the fate of cult" 1854: 1680: 1668: 1656: 1330: 1328: 763:

San Diego County 911 call, March 26, 1997, 3:15 p.m. PST

242:

committed by its members in 1997. Commonly designated a

3226: 3224: 2124:

The Manson Women and Me: Monsters, Morality, and Murder

1340: 1289: 1267: 1265: 864:

but with New Age elements. Scholars have described the

829:, referred to the event as "murder". UCLA psychiatrist 781:

The Heaven's Gate deaths were widely publicized in the

4323:

The Call of the Weird: Travels in American Subcultures

4301:

Beyond Human Mind: The Soul Evolution of Heaven's Gate

3324: 3275: 3236: 3209: 3194: 3167: 3155: 3088: 3066: 3064: 3062: 1405: 1088:

In its first live episode following the mass suicide,

4930:

Religious belief systems founded in the United States

4278:

The Gods Have Landed: New Religions from Other Worlds

3248: 3182: 3143: 3128: 2993: 2090:"Families Learning of 39 Cultists Who Died Willingly" 1957:

Edith Lederer, "Alien Abduction Insurance Cancelled!"

1831:"Art Bell, Heaven's Gate, and Journalistic Integrity" 1557: 1364: 1325: 976: 3974:

Bounded Choice: True Believers and Charismatic Cults

3221: 2156:"Heaven's Gate Cult Still Alive and Checking Emails" 1433: 1352: 1262: 880:, and as such it has been mainly characterized as a 752:

Sheriff's Department: Okay, this is regarding what?

3722:"The creepy reason these Nikes are worth a fortune" 3076: 3059: 2900:"UPI Focus: Former cult member: deaths were murder" 2805:"Ex-Cultist Dies In Suicide Pact; 2d Is 'Critical'" 1313: 1277: 304:. They had participated in a coordinated series of 4001:Odd Gods: New Religions & the Cult Controversy 3483: 2359:March 23: The first group of 15 swallow applesauce 2044: 1244:. Archived from the original on December 12, 1997. 366:, persuading him that he had a divine assignment. 352:, a 44-year-old married nurse with an interest in 2410: 913:as recording events of extraterrestrial contact. 544:and ranch owner who came close to winning a 1970 4876: 4252:Religious Movements: Genesis, Exodus and Numbers 2650:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 2542:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 2367:March 25: The remaining cultists kill themselves 833:described the dead members as "victims of a hoax 4769:Jonestown: The Life and Death of Peoples Temple 4370: 2372: 1855:Dan Friesen; Jordan Holmes (January 30, 2018). 1769:Messengers of Deception: UFO Contacts and Cults 1731: 1729: 1523: 1521: 1519: 1517: 1515: 1513: 1511: 4935:Religious organizations disestablished in 1997 3506: 2029:Meyer, Norma; Medina, Hildy (March 28, 1997). 560: 4599: 4436: 1460:"Eyes on Glory: Pied Pipers of Heaven's Gate" 1450: 1448: 741:received an anonymous tip through 911 at 3:15 4254:. Paragon House Publishers. pp. 11–63. 2477: 2202:"American Eye: Mark Twain and Heaven's Gate" 1726: 1508: 1102:-clad corpses of the Heaven's Gate members. 369:Applewhite and Nettles pondered the life of 4940:Religious organizations established in 1974 3780: 2666:"Second World Skeptics Congress (Schedule)" 2596:"First autopsies completed in cult suicide" 2453:"22 years ago, Heaven's Gate couldn't wait" 2444: 2333: 2187:Heaven's Gate: The Cult of Cults, Episode 4 2185:Tweel, Clay (director) (December 3, 2020). 2028: 1701:"For Cowboy in Cult, Long Ride Into Sunset" 1575: 1399: 1307: 840:Two former members, Marc and Sarah King of 4606: 4592: 4450: 4443: 4429: 3852:"Heaven's Gate and Charismatic Leadership" 3846: 3814: 3011: 1906:"Group: 39 Found Dead in Apparent Suicide" 1502: 1486: 1445: 1423: 1382: 336:in the early 1970s. He was fired from the 308:, coinciding with the closest approach of 3568: 2763: 2616: 2564:"At Least 39 Found Dead in Luxury Estate" 2088:Ayres, B. Drummond Jr. (March 29, 1997). 1950: 1880: 1158:. In October 2023, it was announced that 999:in Waco, Texas, and the events involving 478:Applewhite and Nettles used a variety of 4298: 3383: 3027:Zeller, Benjamin E. (November 1, 2010). 2926: 2726: 2485:"Some members of suicide cult castrated" 2450: 2238: 2199: 2193: 2120: 1795: 1735: 564: 4317: 4181: 4158: 4135: 3935: 3908: 3747: 3691: 3632: 3512: 3426: 3330: 3293: 3281: 3269: 3254: 3242: 3215: 3203: 3188: 3176: 3161: 3149: 3137: 3094: 2999: 2954: 2692: 2416: 2378: 1983: 1736:Feinberg, Ashley (September 17, 2014). 1686: 1674: 1662: 1563: 1527: 1498: 1427: 1411: 1370: 1346: 1334: 1271: 4877: 4801:Guyana Tragedy: The Story of Jim Jones 4052: 3968: 3663: 3375:. Season 2. Episode 3. June 17, 2019. 3107:Zeller, Benjamin (November 16, 2014). 3106: 3026: 2799: 2397:On March 22, 1997, thirty-nine members 2339: 1828: 1763: 1698: 1597:from the original on December 29, 2010 1454: 1358: 1319: 1295: 4587: 4424: 4268: 4242: 4212: 4184:Heaven's Gate: America's UFO Religion 4109: 4078: 4026: 3994: 3719: 3692:Wiseman, Andreas (October 30, 2023). 3540: 3460:"Hollywood knocks at 'Heaven's Gate'" 3389: 3373:People's Magazine Investigates: Cults 3307:"Last Chance To Advance Beyond Human" 3230: 3082: 3070: 3022: 3020: 2834: 2832: 2795: 2793: 2766:"Cult Inspires First Copycat Suicide" 2688: 2686: 2561: 2557: 2555: 2553: 2506: 2504: 2502: 2500: 2286: 2284: 2282: 2280: 2189:(Docuseries). Event occurs at 21:14. 2087: 2024: 2022: 2020: 2018: 2016: 1900: 1898: 1896: 1894: 1439: 1283: 1065: 717:in the original television series of 4895:1997 disestablishments in California 3569:Lattanzio, Ryan (December 3, 2020). 3342: 2290: 2239:Robinson, Harry (January 20, 2020). 2162:. September 17, 2015. Archived from 1974:April 1997, Retrieved March 12, 2008 246:, it was founded in 1974 and led by 4776:House of Secrets: The Burari Deaths 3822:; Petersen, Jesper Aagaard (eds.). 3390:Weise, Elizabeth (March 28, 1997). 2927:Monmaney, Terence (April 4, 1997). 1884:Louis Theroux's Weird Weekends: UFO 1796:Gardetta, Dave (January 21, 1994). 1635: 573:Heaven's Gate received coverage in 296:On March 26, 1997, deputies of the 13: 4360:"Profiles: Heaven's Gate Timeline" 4206: 3748:Caffier, Justin (March 15, 2017). 3664:Ritman, Alex (February 16, 2023). 3364: 3017: 2829: 2790: 2683: 2550: 2497: 2417:Reimann, Matt (October 14, 2016). 2385:. Simon and Schuster. p. 80. 2277: 2013: 1891: 977:Techniques to enter the next level 285:, and has been characterized as a 14: 4961: 4910:Christian new religious movements 4344: 3485:"An Endorsement Nike Didn't Want" 2729:"Heaven's Gate member found dead" 2513:Heaven's Gate suicides remembered 1857:"Project Camelot's War on Heaven" 1140:entitled "A Tale of Two Cults". 1134:'s documentary television series 1062:prior to its collective suicide. 1040:followed was done in a hospital. 868:of Heaven's Gate as a mixture of 739:San Diego County Sheriff's Office 674:To kill themselves, members took 546:Colorado House of Representatives 515:behavioral guidelines, including 298:San Diego County Sheriff's Office 273:of Heaven's Gate as a mixture of 16:American UFO religion (1974–1997) 4613: 4559:Heaven's Gate: The Cult of Cults 4412:College Lecture on Heaven's Gate 3854:. In Zeller, Benjamin E. (ed.). 3741: 3713: 3685: 3657: 3513:Wilkens, John (March 21, 2017). 2929:"Free Will, or Thought Control?" 2876:. March 18, 2007. Archived from 2764:Stanziano, Don (April 2, 1997). 2741:from the original on May 9, 2022 1829:Genoni, Thomas Jr. (July 1997). 1699:Brooke, James (March 31, 1997). 1120:Heaven's Gate: The Cult of Cults 851: 626:contacted Heaven's Gate for his 616:host Dan Friesen blames more on 43: 4885:Heaven's Gate (religious group) 3773: 3626: 3590: 3562: 3534: 3476: 3452: 3420: 3336: 3299: 3100: 2948: 2920: 2892: 2860: 2757: 2720: 2658: 2588: 2251: 2232: 2178: 2148: 2114: 2081: 2053: 1977: 1930: 1874: 1848: 1835:Committee for Skeptical Inquiry 1822: 1789: 1757: 1692: 1638:"The Facts about Heaven's Gate" 1629: 1626:, webpage retrieved 2008-10-10. 1609: 1569: 1169: 1060:computer-mediated communication 1058:, due to its heavy reliance on 639: 328:minister and a former soldier, 4945:Sexual abstinence and religion 4373:"All about Heaven's Gate cult" 4095:10.1016/j.religion.2005.06.003 3978:University of California Press 3720:Jolly, Nathan (May 13, 2017). 3541:Burks, Tosten (July 3, 2018). 2562:Calvo, Dana (March 27, 1997). 2340:Thomas, Evan (April 6, 1997). 1230: 725:Louis Theroux's Weird Weekends 633:Louis Theroux's Weird Weekends 389:and studied passages from the 30:Heaven's Gate (disambiguation) 1: 4900:Ancient astronaut speculation 4182:Zeller, Benjamin E. (2014a). 4136:Zeller, Benjamin E. (2010a). 3794:Cults, Religion, and Violence 3353:Cult Education & Recovery 2727:Cornwell, Tim (May 7, 1997). 2306:Crime Library. Archived from 2200:Schrager, Cynthia D. (1997). 2043:. p. A-1. Archived from 1223: 713:, best known for her role as 198:39 (pre-1997); 2? (post-1997) 4890:1974 establishments in Texas 4794:Guyana: Crime of the Century 3468:. April 3, 1997 – via 2300:All about Heaven's Gate cult 1914:. March 27, 1997. p. 33 1605:– via www.ucalgary.ca. 1022: 797:, Germany on July 24, 1998: 776: 269:Scholars have described the 7: 3825:Controversial New Religions 2873:The San Diego Union-Tribune 2868:"Heaven's Gate: A timeline" 2451:dweisman (March 27, 2019). 1533:"Heaven's Gate: The Sequel" 1177: 952:, and adding several other 646:Rancho Santa Fe, California 561:Contemporary media coverage 10: 4966: 4222:Millennialism and Charisma 3828:(1st ed.). New York: 3798:Cambridge University Press 3348:"'Heaven's Gate' Suicides" 2363:March 24: Fifteen more die 1154:was introduced during the 837:There was villainy here." 669:unidentified flying object 371:St. Francis of Assisi 319: 27: 20: 4810: 4785: 4753: 4728: 4688:Order of the Solar Temple 4628: 4621: 4568: 4536: 4500: 4479: 4458: 4188:New York University Press 4142:New York University Press 3876:10.1163/9789004435537_019 3856:Handbook of UFO Religions 2206:The North American Review 1254:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 1216:Tokyo subway sarin attack 1206:Order of the Solar Temple 1054:described the group as a 482:over the years, notably " 213: 205: 191: 183: 165: 134: 124: 101: 89: 71: 61: 51: 42: 37: 4826:Chitty Chitty Death Bang 4762:Jonestown: Paradise Lost 4545:Chitty Chitty Death Bang 3936:Goldwag, Arthur (2009). 2121:Meredith, Nikki (2018). 1947:. Monday, April 7, 1997. 870:Christian millenarianism 538:evangelical Christianity 447:Studio City, Los Angeles 338:University of St. Thomas 275:Christian millenarianism 238:known primarily for the 76:Christian millenarianism 4403:Heaven's Gate VHS Tapes 4352:"Heaven's Gate Website" 4175:10.1525/nr.2010.14.2.34 4129:10.1525/nr.2000.3.2.268 4089:(2). Elsevier: 98–117. 3830:Oxford University Press 3377:Investigation Discovery 3045:10.1525/nr.2010.14.2.34 2971:10.1525/nr.2017.20.4.80 2379:Coleman, Loren (2004). 2036:San Diego Union-Tribune 1400:Balch & Taylor 2002 1308:Balch & Taylor 2002 579:Messengers of Deception 517:banning sexual activity 507:, Do's "older member". 411:Robert A. Heinlein 405:. Applewhite also read 21:For the 1980 film, see 4833:The Field Where I Died 4303:. Rio DiAngelo Press. 4299:DiAngelo, Rio (2007). 4032:Partridge, Christopher 3671:The Hollywood Reporter 2401:consumed phenobarbital 1937:"The Marker We've Been 1050:The cultural theorist 887:The group adopted the 816:Marysville, California 812: 804: 766: 570: 236:new religious movement 56:New religious movement 4925:New Age organizations 4390:Heaven's Gate Podcast 4371:Ramsland, Katherine. 3911:Chryssides, George D. 3848:Chryssides, George D. 3816:Chryssides, George D. 3598:"A Tale of Two Cults" 1166:had joined the cast. 1164:Grace Caroline Currey 911:interpreted the Bible 898:Chariots of the Gods? 808: 799: 747: 568: 415:Arthur C. Clarke 409:, including works by 332:began his foray into 4819:El cerco de Numancia 4329:. pp. 207–221. 4062:Macmillan Publishers 4038:. Psychology Press. 3870:. pp. 369–388. 3636:(January 29, 2018). 3603:Dark Side of the 90s 3432:The Information Bomb 3360:on January 14, 2002. 2324:The first team of 15 2310:on December 11, 2006 2263:Oxygen Official Site 1798:"They Walk Among Us" 1593:. pp. 439–440. 1156:Berlin Film Festival 1137:Dark Side of the 90s 630:documentary series, 28:For other uses, see 23:Heaven's Gate (film) 4636:1906 Badung puputan 4466:Marshall Applewhite 3408:on January 13, 2009 3296:, pp. 171–172. 3272:, pp. 123–124. 3014:, pp. 369–374. 2848:. February 20, 1998 2457:Escondido Grapevine 2292:Ramsland, Katherine 2265:. December 10, 2020 2041:Copley News Service 1091:Saturday Night Live 654:Manzano, New Mexico 330:Marshall Applewhite 248:Marshall Applewhite 171:Marshall Applewhite 115:Marshall Applewhite 4905:Apocalyptic groups 4811:In popular culture 4671:Nazi Germany, 1945 4395:2018-10-24 at the 4226:Queen's University 4054:Lifton, Robert Jay 3919:Ashgate Publishing 2880:on October 3, 2008 2810:The New York Times 2771:North County Times 2702:Skeptical Inquirer 2095:The New York Times 2049:on March 24, 2020. 1987:(March 30, 1997). 1962:2020-11-12 at the 1705:The New York Times 1622:2009-01-29 at the 1531:(March 21, 2007). 1465:The New York Times 1458:(April 28, 1997). 1298:, pp. 44, 48. 1066:In popular culture 620:rather than Bell. 571: 431:Book of Revelation 373:and read works by 264:monastic lifestyle 4872: 4871: 4749: 4748: 4581: 4580: 4385:on March 5, 2005. 4378:The Crime Library 4366:on March 2, 2013. 4336:978-0-306-81503-4 4261:978-0-913757-43-7 4197:978-1-4798-0381-1 4151:978-0-8147-9720-4 4071:978-0-8050-6511-4 4045:978-0-415-26324-5 3957:978-0-307-39067-7 3928:978-0-7546-6374-4 3885:978-90-04-43437-0 3839:978-0-19-515682-9 3807:978-0-521-66898-9 3790:Melton, J. Gordon 3786:Bromley, David G. 3610:. August 26, 2021 3520:Los Angeles Times 3465:Los Angeles Times 3397:The Seattle Times 3371:"Heaven's Gate". 2934:Los Angeles Times 2840:"'Do Not Revive'" 2694:Frazier, Kendrick 2493:. March 28, 1997. 2392:978-1-4165-0554-9 2166:on April 11, 2021 2134:978-0-8065-3860-0 2127:. Citadel Press. 1911:Los Angeles Times 1810:on March 28, 2007 1689:, pp. 65–66. 1677:, pp. 59–65. 1665:, pp. 41–42. 1636:Mizrach, Steven. 1590:Christian Century 1349:, pp. 42–43. 1076:made-for-TV movie 893:Erich Von Däniken 889:ancient astronaut 785:as an example of 602:Coast to Coast AM 592:In January 1994, 429:described in the 364:extraterrestrials 334:Biblical prophecy 229: 228: 4957: 4646:Dance of Zalongo 4626: 4625: 4608: 4601: 4594: 4585: 4584: 4445: 4438: 4431: 4422: 4421: 4416:Internet Archive 4407:Internet Archive 4386: 4381:. Archived from 4367: 4362:. Archived from 4355: 4340: 4314: 4295: 4270:Balch, Robert W. 4265: 4244:Balch, Robert W. 4239: 4214:Balch, Robert W. 4201: 4178: 4155: 4132: 4106: 4075: 4049: 4023: 4006:Prometheus Books 3991: 3965: 3932: 3905: 3868:Brill Publishers 3843: 3811: 3767: 3766: 3764: 3762: 3745: 3739: 3738: 3736: 3734: 3717: 3711: 3710: 3708: 3706: 3689: 3683: 3682: 3680: 3678: 3661: 3655: 3654: 3652: 3650: 3630: 3624: 3623: 3617: 3615: 3594: 3588: 3587: 3585: 3583: 3566: 3560: 3559: 3557: 3555: 3538: 3532: 3531: 3529: 3527: 3510: 3504: 3503: 3501: 3499: 3494:. April 21, 1997 3487: 3480: 3474: 3473: 3456: 3450: 3449: 3424: 3418: 3417: 3415: 3413: 3404:. Archived from 3387: 3381: 3380: 3368: 3362: 3361: 3356:. Archived from 3346:(October 1999). 3340: 3334: 3328: 3322: 3321: 3319: 3317: 3303: 3297: 3291: 3285: 3279: 3273: 3267: 3258: 3252: 3246: 3240: 3234: 3228: 3219: 3213: 3207: 3201: 3192: 3186: 3180: 3174: 3165: 3159: 3153: 3147: 3141: 3135: 3126: 3125: 3123: 3121: 3104: 3098: 3092: 3086: 3080: 3074: 3068: 3057: 3056: 3024: 3015: 3009: 3003: 2997: 2991: 2990: 2952: 2946: 2945: 2943: 2941: 2924: 2918: 2917: 2915: 2913: 2908:. March 30, 1997 2896: 2890: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2864: 2858: 2857: 2855: 2853: 2836: 2827: 2826: 2820: 2818: 2797: 2788: 2787: 2781: 2779: 2761: 2755: 2754: 2748: 2746: 2724: 2718: 2717: 2715: 2713: 2690: 2681: 2680: 2678: 2676: 2662: 2656: 2655: 2649: 2641: 2635: 2633: 2620: 2614: 2613: 2611: 2609: 2604:. March 28, 1997 2592: 2586: 2585: 2579: 2577: 2559: 2548: 2547: 2541: 2533: 2527: 2525: 2508: 2495: 2494: 2481: 2475: 2474: 2471: 2465: 2463: 2448: 2442: 2441: 2436: 2434: 2429:on July 15, 2020 2425:. Archived from 2414: 2408: 2407: 2404: 2400: 2376: 2370: 2369: 2366: 2362: 2356: 2354: 2342:"The Next Level" 2337: 2331: 2330: 2327: 2323: 2317: 2315: 2288: 2275: 2274: 2272: 2270: 2255: 2249: 2248: 2236: 2230: 2229: 2197: 2191: 2190: 2182: 2176: 2175: 2173: 2171: 2160:Monster Children 2152: 2146: 2145: 2143: 2141: 2118: 2112: 2111: 2105: 2103: 2085: 2079: 2078: 2076: 2074: 2069:. March 27, 1997 2057: 2051: 2050: 2048: 2026: 2011: 2010: 2008: 2006: 1997:. Archived from 1994:Associated Press 1981: 1975: 1973: 1968:Associated Press 1954: 1948: 1940: 1934: 1928: 1927: 1921: 1919: 1902: 1889: 1888: 1878: 1872: 1871: 1869: 1867: 1852: 1846: 1845: 1843: 1841: 1826: 1820: 1819: 1817: 1815: 1806:. Archived from 1793: 1787: 1786: 1773:Ronin Publishing 1761: 1755: 1754: 1752: 1750: 1733: 1724: 1723: 1721: 1719: 1696: 1690: 1684: 1678: 1672: 1666: 1660: 1654: 1653: 1651: 1649: 1640:. Archived from 1633: 1627: 1613: 1607: 1606: 1604: 1602: 1573: 1567: 1561: 1555: 1554: 1552: 1550: 1545:on March 3, 2015 1541:. Archived from 1529:Bearman, Joshuah 1525: 1506: 1496: 1490: 1484: 1478: 1477: 1475: 1473: 1452: 1443: 1437: 1431: 1421: 1415: 1409: 1403: 1397: 1386: 1380: 1374: 1368: 1362: 1356: 1350: 1344: 1338: 1332: 1323: 1317: 1311: 1305: 1299: 1293: 1287: 1281: 1275: 1269: 1260: 1259: 1253: 1245: 1234: 1145:Glynn Washington 1105:In 2018, rapper 997:Branch Davidians 963: 938:extraterrestrial 836: 764: 758: 744: 711:Nichelle Nichols 651: 467:CBS Evening News 387:King James Bible 379:R. D. Laing 375:Helena Blavatsky 360: 315: 250:(1931–1997) and 234:was an American 225: 222: 220: 214:Official website 179: 173: 47: 35: 34: 4965: 4964: 4960: 4959: 4958: 4956: 4955: 4954: 4875: 4874: 4873: 4868: 4863:Inspector Rishi 4806: 4781: 4745: 4724: 4617: 4612: 4582: 4577: 4564: 4532: 4496: 4487:Comet Hale–Bopp 4475: 4454: 4449: 4397:Wayback Machine 4358: 4350: 4347: 4337: 4311: 4292: 4274:Lewis, James R. 4262: 4236: 4209: 4207:Further reading 4204: 4198: 4152: 4072: 4046: 4028:Lewis, James R. 4016: 3996:Lewis, James R. 3988: 3958: 3929: 3886: 3840: 3820:Lewis, James R. 3808: 3776: 3771: 3770: 3760: 3758: 3746: 3742: 3732: 3730: 3718: 3714: 3704: 3702: 3690: 3686: 3676: 3674: 3662: 3658: 3648: 3646: 3631: 3627: 3613: 3611: 3596: 3595: 3591: 3581: 3579: 3567: 3563: 3553: 3551: 3539: 3535: 3525: 3523: 3511: 3507: 3497: 3495: 3482: 3481: 3477: 3458: 3457: 3453: 3446: 3425: 3421: 3411: 3409: 3388: 3384: 3370: 3369: 3365: 3341: 3337: 3329: 3325: 3315: 3313: 3305: 3304: 3300: 3292: 3288: 3280: 3276: 3268: 3261: 3253: 3249: 3241: 3237: 3229: 3222: 3214: 3210: 3202: 3195: 3187: 3183: 3175: 3168: 3160: 3156: 3148: 3144: 3136: 3129: 3119: 3117: 3105: 3101: 3093: 3089: 3081: 3077: 3069: 3060: 3025: 3018: 3012:Chryssides 2021 3010: 3006: 2998: 2994: 2953: 2949: 2939: 2937: 2925: 2921: 2911: 2909: 2898: 2897: 2893: 2883: 2881: 2866: 2865: 2861: 2851: 2849: 2838: 2837: 2830: 2816: 2814: 2803:(May 7, 1997). 2801:Purdum, Todd S. 2798: 2791: 2777: 2775: 2762: 2758: 2744: 2742: 2734:The Independent 2725: 2721: 2711: 2709: 2691: 2684: 2674: 2672: 2664: 2663: 2659: 2643: 2642: 2631: 2629: 2622: 2621: 2617: 2607: 2605: 2594: 2593: 2589: 2575: 2573: 2560: 2551: 2535: 2534: 2523: 2521: 2510: 2509: 2498: 2483: 2482: 2478: 2469: 2461: 2459: 2449: 2445: 2432: 2430: 2415: 2411: 2402: 2398: 2393: 2377: 2373: 2364: 2360: 2352: 2350: 2338: 2334: 2325: 2321: 2313: 2311: 2296:"Death Mansion" 2289: 2278: 2268: 2266: 2257: 2256: 2252: 2237: 2233: 2198: 2194: 2184: 2183: 2179: 2169: 2167: 2154: 2153: 2149: 2139: 2137: 2135: 2119: 2115: 2101: 2099: 2086: 2082: 2072: 2070: 2059: 2058: 2054: 2027: 2014: 2004: 2002: 1985:Mendoza, Martha 1982: 1978: 1971: 1964:Wayback Machine 1955: 1951: 1938: 1935: 1931: 1917: 1915: 1904: 1903: 1892: 1881:Louis Theroux. 1879: 1875: 1865: 1863: 1861:Knowledge Fight 1853: 1849: 1839: 1837: 1827: 1823: 1813: 1811: 1794: 1790: 1783: 1765:Vallee, Jacques 1762: 1758: 1748: 1746: 1734: 1727: 1717: 1715: 1697: 1693: 1685: 1681: 1673: 1669: 1661: 1657: 1647: 1645: 1644:on May 17, 2008 1634: 1630: 1624:Wayback Machine 1614: 1610: 1600: 1598: 1583:(May 7, 1997). 1574: 1570: 1562: 1558: 1548: 1546: 1526: 1509: 1503:Chryssides 2004 1497: 1493: 1487:Chryssides 2004 1485: 1481: 1471: 1469: 1453: 1446: 1438: 1434: 1426:, p. 356; 1424:Chryssides 2004 1422: 1418: 1410: 1406: 1398: 1389: 1383:Chryssides 2004 1381: 1377: 1369: 1365: 1357: 1353: 1345: 1341: 1333: 1326: 1318: 1314: 1306: 1302: 1294: 1290: 1282: 1278: 1270: 1263: 1247: 1246: 1238:"Heaven's Gate" 1236: 1235: 1231: 1226: 1180: 1172: 1160:Michael C. Hall 1068: 1025: 979: 961: 930:Do's Final Exit 854: 834: 779: 765: 762: 756: 742: 732:Do's Final Exit 665:Comet Hale–Bopp 661:Do's Final Exit 649: 642: 613:Knowledge Fight 563: 555:Comet Hale–Bopp 472:Walter Cronkite 407:science fiction 359:Another account 358: 322: 313: 310:Comet Hale–Bopp 306:ritual suicides 302:Rancho Santa Fe 217: 201: 175: 169: 161: 120: 33: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4963: 4953: 4952: 4947: 4942: 4937: 4932: 4927: 4922: 4917: 4912: 4907: 4902: 4897: 4892: 4887: 4870: 4869: 4867: 4866: 4859: 4852: 4843: 4836: 4829: 4822: 4814: 4812: 4808: 4807: 4805: 4804: 4797: 4789: 4787: 4786:Dramatizations 4783: 4782: 4780: 4779: 4772: 4765: 4757: 4755: 4751: 4750: 4747: 4746: 4744: 4743: 4738: 4732: 4730: 4726: 4725: 4723: 4722: 4717: 4712: 4710:Peoples Temple 4707: 4706: 4705: 4700: 4695: 4685: 4680: 4679: 4678: 4668: 4663: 4658: 4653: 4648: 4643: 4638: 4632: 4630: 4623: 4619: 4618: 4611: 4610: 4603: 4596: 4588: 4579: 4578: 4576: 4575: 4569: 4566: 4565: 4563: 4562: 4555: 4552:Bounded Choice 4548: 4540: 4538: 4534: 4533: 4531: 4530: 4525: 4520: 4515: 4513:Jacques Vallée 4510: 4504: 4502: 4498: 4497: 4495: 4494: 4489: 4483: 4481: 4477: 4476: 4474: 4473: 4471:Bonnie Nettles 4468: 4462: 4460: 4456: 4455: 4448: 4447: 4440: 4433: 4425: 4419: 4418: 4409: 4400: 4387: 4368: 4356: 4346: 4345:External links 4343: 4342: 4341: 4335: 4319:Theroux, Louis 4315: 4310:978-1427618559 4309: 4296: 4291:978-0791423295 4290: 4266: 4260: 4240: 4235:978-0853892168 4234: 4208: 4205: 4203: 4202: 4196: 4179: 4156: 4150: 4133: 4123:(2): 268–302. 4107: 4076: 4070: 4050: 4044: 4024: 4014: 3998:, ed. (2001). 3992: 3986: 3966: 3956: 3933: 3927: 3906: 3884: 3844: 3838: 3812: 3806: 3777: 3775: 3772: 3769: 3768: 3740: 3712: 3684: 3656: 3625: 3589: 3561: 3533: 3505: 3475: 3451: 3445:978-1859847459 3444: 3438:. p. 41. 3419: 3382: 3363: 3335: 3333:, p. 143. 3323: 3298: 3286: 3284:, p. 184. 3274: 3259: 3247: 3245:, p. 193. 3235: 3233:, p. 368. 3220: 3218:, p. 182. 3208: 3206:, p. 104. 3193: 3181: 3179:, p. 155. 3166: 3164:, p. 102. 3154: 3142: 3127: 3099: 3097:, p. 213. 3087: 3075: 3058: 3016: 3004: 2992: 2947: 2919: 2891: 2859: 2828: 2789: 2784:Newspapers.com 2774:. pp. A-4 2756: 2719: 2682: 2657: 2615: 2587: 2582:Newspapers.com 2549: 2496: 2476: 2443: 2409: 2391: 2371: 2332: 2276: 2250: 2231: 2192: 2177: 2147: 2133: 2113: 2080: 2052: 2012: 2001:on May 2, 2021 1976: 1949: 1929: 1924:Newspapers.com 1890: 1873: 1847: 1821: 1788: 1782:978-0915904389 1781: 1756: 1725: 1691: 1679: 1667: 1655: 1628: 1615:Ryan J. Cook, 1608: 1577:Hexham, Irving 1568: 1556: 1507: 1505:, p. 357. 1501:, p. 60; 1491: 1489:, p. 356. 1479: 1444: 1442:, p. 276. 1432: 1416: 1414:, p. 108. 1404: 1402:, p. 211. 1387: 1385:, p. 355. 1375: 1363: 1361:, p. 306. 1351: 1339: 1337:, p. 123. 1324: 1312: 1310:, p. 210. 1300: 1288: 1286:, p. 111. 1276: 1261: 1228: 1227: 1225: 1222: 1221: 1220: 1219: 1218: 1208: 1203: 1198: 1197: 1196: 1189:Peoples Temple 1186: 1179: 1176: 1171: 1168: 1079:Mysterious Two 1067: 1064: 1024: 1021: 1013: 1012: 1008: 993: 990: 978: 975: 862:Evangelicalism 853: 850: 778: 775: 760: 641: 638: 618:Courtney Brown 575:Jacques Vallée 562: 559: 505:God the Father 492:Jacques Vallée 385:. They kept a 350:Bonnie Nettles 321: 318: 252:Bonnie Nettles 227: 226: 215: 211: 210: 207: 203: 202: 200: 199: 195: 193: 189: 188: 185: 181: 180: 177:Bonnie Nettles 167: 163: 162: 160: 159: 149: 138: 136: 132: 131: 126: 122: 121: 119: 118: 112: 109:Bonnie Nettles 105: 103: 99: 98: 93: 87: 86: 73: 69: 68: 63: 62:Classification 59: 58: 53: 49: 48: 40: 39: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4962: 4951: 4950:UFO religions 4948: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4938: 4936: 4933: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4920:Mass suicides 4918: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4883: 4882: 4880: 4865: 4864: 4860: 4857: 4853: 4851: 4849: 4848:Stargate SG-1 4844: 4842: 4841: 4837: 4834: 4830: 4827: 4823: 4821: 4820: 4816: 4815: 4813: 4809: 4803: 4802: 4798: 4796: 4795: 4791: 4790: 4788: 4784: 4778: 4777: 4773: 4771: 4770: 4766: 4764: 4763: 4759: 4758: 4756: 4754:Documentaries 4752: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4734: 4733: 4731: 4727: 4721: 4718: 4716: 4713: 4711: 4708: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4694: 4691: 4690: 4689: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4677: 4674: 4673: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4651:Heaven's Gate 4649: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4641:Burari deaths 4639: 4637: 4634: 4633: 4631: 4627: 4624: 4620: 4616: 4609: 4604: 4602: 4597: 4595: 4590: 4589: 4586: 4574: 4571: 4570: 4567: 4561: 4560: 4556: 4554: 4553: 4549: 4546: 4542: 4541: 4539: 4535: 4529: 4528:Irving Hexham 4526: 4524: 4521: 4519: 4518:Louis Theroux 4516: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4506: 4505: 4503: 4499: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4485: 4484: 4482: 4478: 4472: 4469: 4467: 4464: 4463: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4452:Heaven's Gate 4446: 4441: 4439: 4434: 4432: 4427: 4426: 4423: 4417: 4413: 4410: 4408: 4404: 4401: 4398: 4394: 4391: 4388: 4384: 4380: 4379: 4374: 4369: 4365: 4361: 4357: 4353: 4349: 4348: 4338: 4332: 4328: 4327:Da Capo Press 4324: 4320: 4316: 4312: 4306: 4302: 4297: 4293: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4275: 4271: 4267: 4263: 4257: 4253: 4249: 4248:Stark, Rodney 4245: 4241: 4237: 4231: 4227: 4223: 4219: 4215: 4211: 4210: 4199: 4193: 4189: 4185: 4180: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4164: 4163: 4157: 4153: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4134: 4130: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4117: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4083: 4077: 4073: 4067: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4041: 4037: 4036:UFO Religions 4033: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4015:1-57392-842-9 4011: 4007: 4003: 4002: 3997: 3993: 3989: 3987:0-520-23194-5 3983: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3970:Lalich, Janja 3967: 3963: 3959: 3953: 3949: 3945: 3944:Vintage Books 3941: 3940: 3934: 3930: 3924: 3920: 3916: 3912: 3907: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3881: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3861: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3845: 3841: 3835: 3831: 3827: 3826: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3809: 3803: 3799: 3795: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3782:Balch, Robert 3779: 3778: 3757: 3756: 3751: 3744: 3729: 3728: 3723: 3716: 3701: 3700: 3695: 3688: 3673: 3672: 3667: 3660: 3645: 3644: 3639: 3635: 3629: 3621: 3609: 3606:. Episode 7. 3605: 3604: 3599: 3593: 3578: 3577: 3572: 3565: 3550: 3549: 3544: 3537: 3522: 3521: 3516: 3509: 3493: 3492: 3486: 3479: 3471: 3470:Baltimore Sun 3467: 3466: 3461: 3455: 3447: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3428:Virilio, Paul 3423: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3398: 3393: 3386: 3378: 3374: 3367: 3359: 3355: 3354: 3349: 3345: 3339: 3332: 3327: 3312: 3311:Heaven's Gate 3308: 3302: 3295: 3290: 3283: 3278: 3271: 3266: 3264: 3257:, p. 31. 3256: 3251: 3244: 3239: 3232: 3227: 3225: 3217: 3212: 3205: 3200: 3198: 3191:, p. 95. 3190: 3185: 3178: 3173: 3171: 3163: 3158: 3152:, p. 99. 3151: 3146: 3140:, p. 38. 3139: 3134: 3132: 3116: 3115: 3110: 3103: 3096: 3091: 3085:, p. 17. 3084: 3079: 3073:, p. 16. 3072: 3067: 3065: 3063: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3023: 3021: 3013: 3008: 3002:, p. 71. 3001: 2996: 2988: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2959: 2951: 2936: 2935: 2930: 2923: 2907: 2906: 2901: 2895: 2879: 2875: 2874: 2869: 2863: 2847: 2846: 2841: 2835: 2833: 2825: 2812: 2811: 2806: 2802: 2796: 2794: 2785: 2773: 2772: 2767: 2760: 2753: 2740: 2736: 2735: 2730: 2723: 2712:September 18, 2707: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2689: 2687: 2675:September 18, 2671: 2670:amber.zine.cz 2667: 2661: 2653: 2647: 2646:cite AV media 2639: 2632:September 11, 2627: 2626: 2619: 2603: 2602: 2597: 2591: 2583: 2571: 2570: 2565: 2558: 2556: 2554: 2545: 2539: 2538:cite AV media 2531: 2519: 2515: 2514: 2507: 2505: 2503: 2501: 2492: 2491: 2486: 2480: 2473: 2458: 2454: 2447: 2440: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2413: 2406: 2394: 2388: 2384: 2383: 2375: 2368: 2349: 2348: 2343: 2336: 2329: 2314:September 20, 2309: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2287: 2285: 2283: 2281: 2264: 2260: 2254: 2246: 2242: 2235: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2196: 2188: 2181: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2151: 2136: 2130: 2126: 2125: 2117: 2110: 2097: 2096: 2091: 2084: 2068: 2067: 2062: 2056: 2047: 2042: 2038: 2037: 2032: 2025: 2023: 2021: 2019: 2017: 2000: 1996: 1995: 1990: 1986: 1980: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1958: 1953: 1946: 1945: 1933: 1925: 1913: 1912: 1907: 1901: 1899: 1897: 1895: 1886: 1885: 1877: 1862: 1858: 1851: 1836: 1832: 1825: 1809: 1805: 1804: 1799: 1792: 1784: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1760: 1749:September 30, 1745: 1744: 1739: 1732: 1730: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1695: 1688: 1683: 1676: 1671: 1664: 1659: 1643: 1639: 1632: 1625: 1621: 1618: 1617:Heaven's Gate 1612: 1596: 1592: 1591: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1572: 1566:, p. 34. 1565: 1560: 1544: 1540: 1539: 1534: 1530: 1524: 1522: 1520: 1518: 1516: 1514: 1512: 1504: 1500: 1495: 1488: 1483: 1467: 1466: 1461: 1457: 1456:Bearak, Barry 1451: 1449: 1441: 1436: 1430:, p. 40. 1429: 1425: 1420: 1413: 1408: 1401: 1396: 1394: 1392: 1384: 1379: 1373:, p. 40. 1372: 1367: 1360: 1355: 1348: 1343: 1336: 1331: 1329: 1322:, p. 43. 1321: 1316: 1309: 1304: 1297: 1292: 1285: 1280: 1274:, p. 77. 1273: 1268: 1266: 1257: 1251: 1243: 1242:Heaven's Gate 1239: 1233: 1229: 1217: 1214: 1213: 1212: 1211:Aum Shinrikyo 1209: 1207: 1204: 1202: 1199: 1195: 1192: 1191: 1190: 1187: 1185: 1182: 1181: 1175: 1167: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1148: 1146: 1141: 1139: 1138: 1133: 1128: 1126: 1122: 1121: 1116: 1114: 1113: 1112:Eternal Atake 1108: 1103: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1092: 1086: 1084: 1080: 1077: 1074:produced the 1073: 1063: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1048: 1046: 1045:Higher Source 1041: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1020: 1018: 1009: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 991: 988: 984: 983: 982: 974: 972: 966: 959: 955: 951: 945: 941: 939: 933: 931: 927: 922: 918: 914: 912: 907: 904: 900: 899: 894: 890: 885: 883: 879: 875: 871: 867: 863: 859: 852:Belief system 849: 847: 843: 838: 832: 831:Louis J. West 828: 823: 819: 817: 811: 807: 803: 798: 796: 792: 788: 784: 774: 772: 759: 753: 750: 746: 740: 735: 733: 728: 726: 722: 721: 716: 712: 706: 703: 699: 695: 694: 689: 685: 681: 677: 676:phenobarbital 672: 670: 666: 662: 657: 655: 647: 637: 635: 634: 629: 625: 624:Louis Theroux 621: 619: 615: 614: 608: 604: 603: 597: 596: 590: 588: 584: 580: 576: 567: 558: 556: 550: 547: 543: 539: 535: 531: 527: 521: 518: 513: 512:United States 508: 506: 502: 498: 497:Millennialism 493: 489: 485: 481: 476: 473: 469: 468: 463: 459: 454: 452: 448: 442: 440: 434: 432: 428: 427:two witnesses 424: 423:reincarnation 420: 416: 412: 408: 404: 400: 396: 392: 391:New Testament 388: 384: 380: 376: 372: 367: 365: 355: 351: 347: 343: 339: 335: 331: 327: 324:The son of a 317: 311: 307: 303: 299: 294: 292: 288: 284: 280: 276: 272: 267: 265: 261: 257: 256:two witnesses 253: 249: 245: 241: 240:mass suicides 237: 233: 232:Heaven's Gate 224: 216: 212: 208: 206:Other name(s) 204: 197: 196: 194: 190: 186: 182: 178: 172: 168: 164: 157: 153: 150: 147: 143: 140: 139: 137: 133: 130: 129:United States 127: 123: 116: 113: 110: 107: 106: 104: 100: 97: 94: 92: 88: 85: 81: 77: 74: 70: 67: 64: 60: 57: 54: 50: 46: 41: 38:Heaven's Gate 36: 31: 24: 19: 4861: 4847: 4838: 4817: 4799: 4792: 4774: 4767: 4760: 4656:Igbo Landing 4650: 4615:Mass suicide 4557: 4550: 4523:Janja Lalich 4508:Robert Balch 4492:UFO religion 4451: 4383:the original 4376: 4364:the original 4322: 4300: 4277: 4251: 4221: 4183: 4169:(2): 34–60. 4166: 4162:Nova Religio 4160: 4137: 4120: 4116:Nova Religio 4114: 4086: 4080: 4057: 4035: 4018:– via 4000: 3973: 3960:– via 3938: 3914: 3855: 3824: 3793: 3774:Bibliography 3759:. 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