Health insurance - Knowledge

487:

in particular for pre-existing conditions (usually referred to within the industry as PEA, which stands for "pre-existing ailment"). Funds are entitled to impose a waiting period of up to 12 months on benefits for any medical condition the signs and symptoms of which existed during the six months ending on the day the person first took out insurance. They are also entitled to impose a 12-month waiting period for benefits for treatment relating to an obstetric condition, and a 2-month waiting period for all other benefits when a person first takes out private insurance. Funds have the discretion to reduce or remove such waiting periods in individual cases. They are also free not to impose them, to begin with, but this would place such a fund at risk of "adverse selection", attracting a disproportionate number of members from other funds, or from the pool of intending members who might otherwise have joined other funds. It would also attract people with existing medical conditions, who might not otherwise have taken out insurance at all because of the denial of benefits for 12 months due to the PEA Rule. The benefits paid out for these conditions would create pressure on premiums for all the fund's members, causing some to drop their membership, which would lead to further rises in premiums, and a vicious cycle of higher premiums-leaving members would ensue.

554:. This public insurance is tax-funded out of general government revenues, although British Columbia and Ontario levy a mandatory premium with flat rates for individuals and families to generate additional revenues – in essence, a surtax. Private health insurance is allowed, but in six provincial governments only for services that the public health plans do not cover (for example, semi-private or private rooms in hospitals and prescription drug plans). Four provinces allow insurance for services also mandated by the Canada Health Act, but in practice, there is no market for it. All Canadians are free to use private insurance for elective medical services such as laser vision correction surgery, cosmetic surgery, and other non-basic medical procedures. Some 65% of Canadians have some form of supplementary private health insurance; many of them receive it through their employers. Private-sector services not paid for by the government account for nearly 30 percent of total health care spending. 274:(Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974) plan. Typically, these companies promote themselves as having ties to major insurance providers. However, in the context of an ERISA plan, these insurance companies do not actively participate in insurance practices; instead, they handle administrative tasks. Consequently, ERISA plans are exempt from state regulations and fall under federal jurisdiction, overseen by the US Department of Labor (USDOL). Specific details about benefits or coverage can be found in the Summary Plan Description (SPD). Should there be a need for an appeal, the process typically involves initiating it through the insurance company and then reaching out to the Employer's Plan Fiduciary. If a resolution is still not achieved, the decision can be escalated to the USDOL for review to ensure compliance with ERISA regulations, and, if necessary, legal action can be taken by filing a lawsuit in federal court. 667:

funds (there are five: General, Independent, Agricultural, Student, Public Servants) now all reimburse at the same rate. Secondly, since 2000, the government now provides health care to those who are not covered by a mandatory regime (those who have never worked and who are not students, meaning the very rich or the very poor). This regime, unlike the worker-financed ones, is financed via general taxation and reimburses at a higher rate than the profession-based system for those who cannot afford to make up the difference. Finally, to counter the rise in health care costs, the government has installed two plans, (in 2004 and 2006), which require insured people to declare a referring doctor in order to be fully reimbursed for specialist visits, and which installed a mandatory co-pay of €1 for a doctor visit, €0.50 for each box of medicine prescribed, and a fee of €16–18 per day for hospital stays and for expensive procedures.

910:(ACC). The ACC scheme covers most of the costs of related to treatment of injuries acquired in New Zealand (including overseas visitors) regardless of how the injury occurred, and also covers lost income (at 80 percent of the employee's pre-injury income) and costs related to long-term rehabilitation, such as home and vehicle modifications for those seriously injured. Funding from the scheme comes from a combination of levies on employers' payroll (for work injuries), levies on an employee's taxable income (for non-work injuries to salary earners), levies on vehicle licensing fees and petrol (for motor vehicle accidents), and funds from the general taxation pool (for non-work injuries to children, senior citizens, unemployed people, overseas visitors, etc.) 1158:

Policy Group (i.e. Senior physicians) stating that the BMA was "extremely concerned that the policies of some private healthcare insurance companies are preventing or restricting patients exercising choice about (i) the consultants who treat them; (ii) the hospital at which they are treated; (iii) making top up payments to cover any gap between the funding provided by their insurance company and the cost of their chosen private treatment." It went in to "call on the BMA to publicise these concerns so that patients are fully informed when making choices about private healthcare insurance." The practice of insurance companies deciding which consultant a patient may see as opposed to GPs or patients is referred to as

880:. Moral hazard is avoided by mandating that insurance companies provide at least one policy that meets a government set minimum standard level of coverage, and all adult residents are obliged by law to purchase this coverage from an insurance company of their choice. All insurance companies receive funds from the equalization pool to help cover the cost of this government-mandated coverage. This pool is run by a regulator which collects salary-based contributions from employers, which make up about 50% of all health care funding, and funding from the government to cover people who cannot afford health care, which makes up an additional 5%. 503:: People whose taxable income is greater than a specified amount (in the 2011/12 financial year $ 80,000 for singles and $ 168,000 for couples) and who do not have an adequate level of private hospital cover must pay a 1% surcharge on top of the standard 1.5% Medicare Levy. The rationale is that if the people in this income group are forced to pay more money one way or another, most would choose to purchase hospital insurance with it, with the possibility of a benefit if they need private hospital treatment – rather than pay it in the form of extra tax as well as having to meet their own private hospital costs. 1126:

reconstructive or weight loss treatment; deafness; dental/oral treatment (such as fillings, gum disease, jaw shrinkage, etc.); dialysis; drugs and dressings for out-patient or take-home use† ; experimental drugs and treatment; eyesight; HRT and bone densitometry; learning difficulties, behavioural and developmental problems; overseas treatment and repatriation; physical aids and devices; pre-existing or special conditions; pregnancy and childbirth; screening and preventive treatment; sleep problems and disorders; speech disorders; temporary relief of symptoms. († = except in exceptional circumstances)

1282:, argued this provision was required in order to provide "guaranteed issue" and a "community rating," which address unpopular features of America's health insurance system such as premium weightings, exclusions for pre-existing conditions, and the pre-screening of insurance applicants. During 26–28 March, the Supreme Court heard arguments regarding the validity of the Act. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act was determined to be constitutional on 28 June 2012. The Supreme Court determined that Congress had the authority to apply the individual mandate within its taxing powers. 845: 1338: 377: 550:, the federal government mandates and enforces the requirement that all people have free access to what are termed "medically necessary services," defined primarily as care delivered by physicians or in hospitals, and the nursing component of long-term residential care. If provinces allow doctors or institutions to charge patients for medically necessary services, the federal government reduces its payments to the provinces by the amount of the prohibited charges. Collectively, the public provincial health insurance systems in Canada are frequently referred to as 892:

buying the same policy, and every person will get at least the minimum level of coverage. This applies to all people permanently living and working in the Netherlands. International students that move to the Netherlands for study purposes have to take out compulsory Dutch health insurance if they also decide to work (zero-hour contracts included) or do a paid internship during their stay. In that case, they'll need to take out the compulsory basic package of Dutch health insurance. Additional insurance is optional, depending on the student's personal needs.

515:: The government subsidises the premiums for all private health insurance cover, including hospital and ancillary (extras), by 10%, 20% or 30%, depending on age. The Rudd Government announced in May 2009 that as of July 2010, the Rebate would become means-tested, and offered on a sliding scale. While this move (which would have required legislation) was defeated in the Senate at the time, in early 2011 the Gillard Government announced plans to reintroduce the legislation after the Opposition loses the balance of power in the Senate. The 472:. Some, such as Police Health, have membership restricted to particular groups, but the majority have open membership. Membership to most health funds is now also available through comparison websites. These comparison sites operate on a commission-basis by agreement with their participating health funds. The Private Health Insurance Ombudsman also operates a free website that allows consumers to search for and compare private health insurers' products, which includes information on price and level of cover. 659:

of doctors and experts decides if the medicine provides a valuable enough medical benefit to be reimbursed (most medicine is reimbursed, including homeopathy). In parallel, the government fixes the reimbursement rate for medical services: this means that a doctor is free to charge the fee that he wishes for a consultation or an examination, but the social security system will only reimburse it at a pre-set rate. These tariffs are set annually through negotiation with doctors' representative organisations.

7107: 497:: If a person has not taken out private hospital cover by 1 July after their 31st birthday, then when (and if) they do so after this time, their premiums must include a loading of 2% per annum for each year they were without hospital cover. Thus, a person taking out private cover for the first time at age 40 will pay a 20 percent loading. The loading is removed after 10 years of continuous hospital cover. The loading applies only to premiums for hospital cover, not to ancillary (extras) cover. 968:

hospitals or, ward A or B1. However, insured is still required to pay a portion of the bill amount. This is in accordance with Singapore's healthcare philosophy which promotes personal responsibility with getting individuals to share the cost of healthcare. With this philosophy, deductible, co-insurance and peroration are applied on most of the Health Insurance plans in Singapore. Such health insurance plans provide an option to purchase a health insurance rider to cover these charges.

396: 306:: Instead of, or in addition to, paying a fixed amount up front (a co-payment), the co-insurance is a percentage of the total cost that an insured person may also pay. For example, the member might have to pay 20% of the cost of a surgery over and above a co-payment, while the insurance company pays the other 80%. If there is an upper limit on coinsurance, the policy-holder could end up owing very little, or a great deal, depending on the actual costs of the services they obtain. 187: 129: 959:, is a universal health insurance covering all Singapore Citizens and Permanent Residents. MediShield Life covers hospitalization costs for a stay in ward B2 or C in a Public hospital. For the hospitalization in a Private hospital, or in ward A or B1 in Public hospital, MediShield Life coverage is pegged to B2 or C ward prices and insured is required to pay the remaining bill amount. This remaining bill amount can be paid using 1224:(AHRQ) found that in 2011, private insurance was billed for 12.2 million U.S. inpatient hospital stays and incurred approximately $ 112.5 billion in aggregate inpatient hospital costs (29% of the total national aggregate costs). Public programs provide the primary source of coverage for most senior citizens and for low-income children and families who meet certain eligibility requirements. The primary public programs are 348:: A document that may be sent by an insurer to a patient explaining what was covered for a medical service, and how payment amount and patient responsibility amount were determined. In the case of emergency room billing, patients are notified within 30 days post service. Patients are rarely notified of the cost of emergency room services in-person due to patient conditions and other logistics until receipt of this letter. 88: 732:

chief consideration for hospital reimbursement is the number of hospital days as opposed to procedures or diagnosis. Drug costs have increased substantially, rising nearly 60% from 1991 through 2005. Despite attempts to contain costs, overall health care expenditures rose to 10.7% of GDP in 2005, comparable to other western European nations, but substantially less than that spent in the U.S. (nearly 16% of GDP).

1173:

Buisson, in November 2012, estimated that more than 250,000 operations were performed on patients with private medical insurance each year at a cost of £359 million. In addition, £609 million was spent on emergency medical or surgical treatment. Private medical insurance does not normally cover emergency treatment but subsequent recovery could be paid for if the patient were moved into a private patient unit.

4227: 829:

Japanese citizens, permanent residents, and non-Japanese with a visa lasting one year or longer are required to be enrolled in either National Health Insurance or Employee Health Insurance. National Health Insurance is designed for those who are not eligible for any employment-based health insurance program. The Late-stage Elderly Medical System is designed for people who are age 75 and older.

1416:, called consumer-driven healthcare plans which place more costs on employees, while employees benefit by paying lower monthly premiums. Additionally, having a high-deductible plan allows employees to open a health savings account, which allows them to contribute pre-tax savings towards future medical needs. Some employers will offer multiple plans to their employees. 1028:(within three months of taking up residence or being born in the country). It is therefore the same throughout the country and avoids double standards in healthcare. Insurers are required to offer this basic insurance to everyone, regardless of age or medical condition. They are not allowed to make a profit off this basic insurance, but can on supplemental plans. 546:, the armed forces, and Members of Parliament). Consequently, each province administers its own health insurance program. The federal government influences health insurance by virtue of its fiscal powers – it transfers cash and tax points to the provinces to help cover the costs of the universal health insurance programs. Under the 861:, the Late-stage Elderly Medical System represents one third of the country's total healthcare cost. When retiring employees shift from Employee Health Insurance to the Late-stage Elderly Medical System, the national cost of health insurance is expected to increase since individual healthcare costs tend to increase with age. 1043:

selecting an insurance company to which one pays a premium, usually on a monthly basis. The insured person pays the insurance premium for the basic plan up to 8% of their personal income. If a premium is higher than this, the government gives the insured person a cash subsidy to pay for any additional premium.

602:(GHS, also known as GESY) which is an independent insurance fund through which clinics, private doctors, pharmacists, laboratories, microbiological laboratories, and physiotherapists will be paid so that they can offer medical care to permanent residents of Cyprus who will be paying contributions to this fund. 362:"reasonable and customary" charges, which may be less than the provider's usual fee. The provider may also have a separate contract with the insurer to accept what amounts to a discounted rate or capitation to the provider's standard charges. It generally costs the patient less to use an in-network provider. 300:: The amount that the insured person must pay out of pocket before the health insurer pays for a particular visit or service. For example, an insured person might pay a $ 45 co-payment for a doctor's visit, or to obtain a prescription. A co-payment must be paid each time a particular service is obtained. 1321:

by for-profit corporations. State legislatures had to intervene and expressly legalize health insurance as an exception to that traditional rule. Today, most comprehensive private health insurance programs cover the cost of routine, preventive, and emergency health care procedures. They also cover or

1260:

companies began to appear to help patients deal with the complexities of the healthcare system. The complexity of the healthcare system has resulted in a variety of problems for the American public. A study found that 62 percent of persons declaring bankruptcy in 2007 had unpaid medical expenses of $

1050:

As far as the compulsory health insurance is concerned, the insurance companies cannot set any conditions relating to age, sex or state of health for coverage. Although the level of premium can vary from one company to another, they must be identical within the same company for all insured persons of

1046:

The compulsory insurance can be supplemented by private "complementary" insurance policies that allow for coverage of some of the treatment categories not covered by the basic insurance or to improve the standard of room and service in case of hospitalization. This can include complementary medicine,

1031:

The universal compulsory coverage provides for treatment in case of illness or accident and pregnancy. Health insurance covers the costs of medical treatment, medication and hospitalization of the insured. However, the insured person pays part of the costs up to a maximum, which can vary based on the

840:

The Late-stage Elderly Medical System began in 1983 following the Health Care for the Aged Law of 1982. It allowed many health insurance systems to offer financial assistance to elderly people. There is a medical coverage fee. To be eligible, those insured must be either: older than 70, or older than

828:

There are three major types of insurance programs available in Japan: Employee Health Insurance (健康保険 Kenkō-Hoken), National Health Insurance (国民健康保険 Kokumin-Kenkō-Hoken), and the Late-stage Elderly Medical System (後期高齢医療制度 Kouki-Kourei-Iryouseido). Although private health insurance is available, all

700:

Beginning with 10% of blue-collar workers in 1885, mandatory insurance has expanded; in 2009, insurance was made mandatory on all citizens, with private health insurance for the self-employed or above an income threshold. As of 2016, 85% of the population is covered by the compulsory Statutory Health

658:

The first government responsibility is the fixing of the rate at which medical expenses should be negotiated, and it does so in two ways: The Ministry of Health directly negotiates prices of medicine with the manufacturers, based on the average price of sale observed in neighboring countries. A board

506:

The Australian government announced in May 2008 that it proposes to increase the thresholds, to $ 100,000 for singles and $ 150,000 for families. These changes require legislative approval. A bill to change the law has been introduced but was not passed by the Senate. An amended version was passed on

403:

The Commonwealth Fund completed its thirteenth annual health policy survey in 2010. A study of the survey "found significant differences in access, cost burdens, and problems with health insurance that are associated with insurance design". Of the countries surveyed, the results indicated that people

1316:

business model. During the middle-to-late 20th century, traditional disability insurance evolved into modern health insurance programs. One major obstacle to this development was that early forms of comprehensive health insurance were enjoined by courts for violating the traditional ban on corporate

1304:

Accident insurance was first offered in the United States by the Franklin Health Assurance Company of Massachusetts. This firm, founded in 1850, offered insurance against injuries arising from railroad and steamboat accidents. Sixty organizations were offering accident insurance in the U.S. by 1866,

967:

As the MediShield Life benefits are capped for B2 or C ward hospitalization in public hospitals, Integrated Shield plans provide coverage for the hospitalization in private hospitals, or ward A or B1 in public hospitals. Integrated Shield insurance plans cover large hospitalization bills for Private

731:

Co-payments were introduced in the 1980s in an attempt to prevent over utilization. The average length of hospital stay in Germany has decreased in recent years from 14 days to 9 days, still considerably longer than average stays in the United States (5 to 6 days). Part of the difference is that the

507:

16 October 2008. There have been criticisms that the changes will cause many people to drop their private health insurance, causing a further burden on the public hospital system, and a rise in premiums for those who stay with the private system. Other commentators believe the effect will be minimal.

486:

The private health system in Australia operates on a "community rating" basis, whereby premiums do not vary solely because of a person's previous medical history, the current state of health, or (generally speaking) their age (but see Lifetime Health Cover below). Balancing this are waiting periods,

331:

Out-of-Network Provider: A health care provider that has not contracted with the plan. If using an out-of-network provider, the patient may have to pay full cost of the benefits and services received from that provider. Even for emergency services, out-of-network providers may bill patients for some

293:

before the health insurer pays its share. For example, policy-holders might have to pay a $ 7500 deductible per year, before any of their health care is covered by the health insurer. It may take several doctor's visits or prescription refills before the insured person reaches the deductible and the

883:

The remaining 45% of health care funding comes from insurance premiums paid by the public, for which companies compete on price, though the variation between the various competing insurers is only about 5%. However, insurance companies are free to sell additional policies to provide coverage beyond

266:

between an insurance provider (e.g. an insurance company or a government) and an individual or his/her sponsor (that is an employer or a community organization). The contract can be renewable (annually, monthly) or lifelong in the case of private insurance. It can also be mandatory for all citizens

1172:

Nearly one in three patients receiving NHS hospital treatment is privately insured and could have the cost paid for by their insurer. Some private schemes provide cash payments to patients who opt for NHS treatment, to deter use of private facilities. A report, by private health analysts Laing and

963:

but limits are applied on the MediSave usage. MediShield Life does not cover overseas medical expenses and the treatment of serious pre-existing illnesses for which one has been receiving treatment during the 12 months before the start of the MediShield Life coverage. MediShield Life also does not

891:

Insurance companies are not allowed to have co-payments, caps, or deductibles, or deny coverage to any person applying for a policy, or charge anything other than their nationally set and published standard premiums. Therefore, every person buying insurance will pay the same price as everyone else

674:

Finally, for fees that the mandatory system does not cover, there is a large range of private complementary insurance plans available. The market for these programs is very competitive, and often subsidised by the employer, which means that premiums are usually modest. 85% of French people benefit

666:

Today, this system is more or less intact. All citizens and legal foreign residents of France are covered by one of these mandatory programs, which continue to be funded by worker participation. However, since 1945, a number of major changes have been introduced. Firstly, the different health care

650:

The resulting programme is profession-based: all people working are required to pay a portion of their income to a not-for-profit health insurance fund, which mutualises the risk of illness, and which reimburses medical expenses at varying rates. Children and spouses of insured people are eligible

361:

Some, if not most, health care providers in the United States will agree to bill the insurance company if patients are willing to sign an agreement that they will be responsible for the amount that the insurance company does not pay. The insurance company pays out of network providers according to

282:

Premium: The amount the policy-holder or their sponsor (e.g. an employer) pays to the health plan to purchase health coverage. (US specific) According to the healthcare law, a premium is calculated using 5 specific factors regarding the insured person. These factors are age, location, tobacco use,

2286:

Carrin and James have identified 1988—105 years after Bismarck's first sickness fund laws—as the date Germany achieved universal health coverage through this series of extensions to minimum benefit packages and expansions of the enrolled population. Bärnighausen and Sauerborn have quantified this

327:

In-Network Provider: (U.S. term) A health care provider on a list of providers preselected by the insurer. The insurer will offer discounted coinsurance or co-payments, or additional benefits, to a plan member to see an in-network provider. Generally, providers in network are providers who have a

1265:

exceeded $ 5000. Nearly 80 percent who filed for bankruptcy had health insurance. The Medicare and Medicaid programs were estimated to soon account for 50 percent of all national health spending. These factors and many others fueled interest in an overhaul of the health care system in the United

1084:

system that provides coverage to everyone normally resident in the UK. It is not strictly an insurance system because (a) there are no premiums collected, (b) costs are not charged at the patient level and (c) costs are not pre-paid from a pool. However, it does achieve the main aim of insurance

832:

National Health Insurance is organised on a household basis. Once a household has applied, the entire family is covered. Applicants receive a health insurance card, which must be used when receiving treatment at a hospital. There is a required monthly premium, but co-payments are standardized so

357:

of the plan. Such plans are routinely part of national health insurance programs. For example, in the province of Quebec, Canada, prescription drug insurance is universally required as part of the public health insurance plan, but may be purchased and administered either through private or group

313:

Coverage limits: Some health insurance policies only pay for health care up to a certain dollar amount. The insured person may be expected to pay any charges in excess of the health plan's maximum payment for a specific service. In addition, some insurance company schemes have annual or lifetime

1157:

In 2009, the main representative body of British Medical physicians, the British Medical Association, adopted a policy statement expressing concerns about developments in the health insurance market in the UK. In its Annual Representative Meeting which had been agreed earlier by the Consultants

617:) provide individual and group medical insurance plans. The plans are divided into two main categories plans providing coverage from inpatient expenses (i.e. hospitalization, operations) and plans covering inpatient and outpatient expenses (such as doctor visits, medications, physio-therapies). 1042:

The insured person has full freedom of choice among the approximately 60 recognized healthcare providers competent to treat their condition (in their region) on the understanding that the costs are covered by the insurance up to the level of the official tariff. There is freedom of choice when

887:

Funding from the equalization pool is distributed to insurance companies for each person they insure under the required policy. However, high-risk individuals get more from the pool, and low-income persons and children under 18 have their insurance paid for entirely. Because of this, insurance

317:

Out-of-pocket maximum: Similar to coverage limits, except that in this case, the insured person's payment obligation ends when they reach the out-of-pocket maximum, and health insurance pays all further covered costs. Out-of-pocket maximum can be limited to a specific benefit category (such as

1300:

In the late 19th century, "accident insurance" began to be available, which operated much like modern disability insurance. This payment model continued until the start of the 20th century in some jurisdictions (like California), where all laws regulating health insurance actually referred to

836:

Employee Health Insurance covers diseases, injuries, and death regardless of whether an incident occurred at a workplace. Employee Health Insurance covers a maximum of 180 days of medical care per year for work-related diseases or injuries and 180 days per year for other diseases or injuries.

391:

The Commonwealth Fund, in its annual survey, "Mirror, Mirror on the Wall", compares the performance of the health care systems in Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Germany, Canada and the U.S. Its 2007 study found that, although the U.S. system is the most expensive, it consistently

1125:

aging, menopause and puberty; AIDS/HIV; allergies or allergic disorders; birth control, conception, sexual problems and sex changes; chronic conditions; complications from excluded or restricted conditions/ treatment; convalescence, rehabilitation and general nursing care ; cosmetic,

335:

Prior Authorization: A certification or authorization that an insurer provides prior to medical service occurring. Obtaining an authorization means that the insurer is obligated to pay for the service, assuming it matches what was authorized. Many smaller, routine services do not require

1112:

Private health care has continued parallel to the NHS, paid for largely by private insurance, but it is used by less than 8% of the population, and generally as a top-up to NHS services. There are many treatments that the private sector does not provide. For example, health insurance on

798:

In India, provision of healthcare services and their efficiency varies state-wise. Public health services are prominent in most of the regions with the national government playing an important role in funding, framing and implementing policies and operating public health insurances.

3570:

Internal Revenue Service, Department of the, Treasury.; Employee Benefits Security Administration, Department of, Labor.; Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Department of Health and Human, Services. (3 August 2018). "Short-Term, Limited-Duration Insurance. Final rule".

1236:, funded jointly by the federal government and states but administered at the state level, which covers certain very low income children and their families. Together, Medicare and Medicaid accounted for approximately 63 percent of the national inpatient hospital costs in 2011. 575:, if there were unacceptably long wait times for treatment, as was alleged in this case. The ruling has not changed the overall pattern of health insurance across Canada, but has spurred on attempts to tackle the core issues of supply and demand and the impact of wait times. 670:

An important element of the French insurance system is solidarity: the more ill a person becomes, the less the person pays. This means that for people with serious or chronic illnesses, the insurance system reimburses them 100% of expenses, and waives their co-pay charges.

721:). Germany's health care system was 77% government-funded and 23% privately funded as of 2004. While public health insurance contributions are based on the individual's income, private health insurance contributions are based on the individual's age and health condition. 2417:

The Sickness Insurance Law (1883). Eligibility. The Sickness Insurance Law came into effect in December 1884. It provided for compulsory participation by all industrial wage earners (i.e., manual laborers) in factories, ironworks, mines, shipbuilding yards, and similar

267:

in the case of national plans. The type and amount of health care costs that will be covered by the health insurance provider are specified in writing, in a member contract or "Evidence of Coverage" booklet for private insurance, or in a national for public insurance.

928:

that has implemented community-based health insurance schemes in order to reduce the financial barriers that prevent poor people from seeking and receiving needed health services. This scheme has helped reach 90% of the country's population with health care coverage.

875:

In 2006, a new system of health insurance came into force in the Netherlands. This new system avoids the two pitfalls of adverse selection and moral hazard associated with traditional forms of health insurance by using a combination of regulation and insurance

651:

for benefits, as well. Each fund is free to manage its own budget, and used to reimburse medical expenses at the rate it saw fit, however following a number of reforms in recent years, the majority of funds provide the same level of reimbursement and benefits.

1870: 3292: 735:

Germans are offered three kinds of social security insurance dealing with the physical status of a person and which are co-financed by employer and employee: health insurance, accident insurance, and long-term care insurance. Long-term care insurance

3325: 283:

individual vs. family enrollment, and which plan category the insured chooses. Under the Affordable Care Act, the government pays a tax credit to cover part of the premium for persons who purchase private insurance through the Insurance Marketplace.

2332:

Initially the health insurance law of 1883 covered blue-collar workers in selected industries, craftspeople and other selected professionals. It is estimated that this law brought health insurance coverage up from 5 to 10 per cent of the total

1305:

but the industry consolidated rapidly soon thereafter. While there were earlier experiments, the origins of sickness coverage in the U.S. effectively date from 1890. The first employer-sponsored group disability policy was issued in 1911.

74:, health insurance is defined as "coverage that provides for the payments of benefits as a result of sickness or injury. It includes insurance for losses from accident, medical expense, disability, or accidental death and dismemberment". 1345:

Hospital and medical expense policies were introduced during the first half of the 20th century. During the 1920s, individual hospitals began offering services to individuals on a pre-paid basis, eventually leading to the development of

783:

In Greece anyone can cover the hospitalization expenses using a private insurance policy, that can be bought by any of the local or multinational insurance companies that operate in the region (e.g. Metlife, Interamerican, Aetna, IMG).

1388:

grew from about 25% US employees with employer-sponsored coverage to the vast majority. With managed care, insurers use various techniques to address costs and improve quality, including negotiation of prices ("in-network" providers),

404:

in the United States had more out-of-pocket expenses, more disputes with insurance companies than other countries, and more insurance payments denied; paperwork was also higher although Germany had similarly high levels of paperwork.

1032:

individually chosen plan, premiums are then adjusted accordingly. The whole healthcare system is geared towards to the general goals of enhancing general public health and reducing costs while encouraging individual responsibility.

352:

Prescription drug plans are a form of insurance offered through some health insurance plans. In the U.S., the patient usually pays a copayment and the prescription drug insurance part or all of the balance for drugs covered in the

422:, which provides free universal access to hospital treatment and subsidised out-of-hospital medical treatment. It is funded by a 2% tax levy on all taxpayers, an extra 1% levy on high income earners, as well as general revenue. 2287:

long-term progressive increase in the proportion of the German population covered by public and private insurance. Their graph is reproduced below as Figure 1: German Population Enrolled in Health Insurance (%) 1885–1995.

1215:

The United States health care system relies heavily on private health insurance, which is the primary source of coverage for most Americans. As of 2018, 68.9% of American adults had private health insurance, according to

309:

Exclusions: Not all services are covered. Billed items like use-and-throw, taxes, etc. are excluded from admissible claim. The insured are generally expected to pay the full cost of non-covered services out of their own

1240:

is a federal-state partnership that serves certain children and families who do not qualify for Medicaid but who cannot afford private coverage. Other public programs include military health benefits provided through

3521: 1874: 833:

payers are only expected to cover ten to thirty percent of the cost, depending on age. If out-of-pocket costs exceed pre-determined limits, payers may apply for a rebate from the National Health Insurance program.

884:

the national minimum. These policies do not receive funding from the equalization pool but cover additional treatments, such as dental procedures and physiotherapy, which are not paid for by the mandatory policy.

3300: 567:, that the province's prohibition on private insurance for health care already insured by the provincial plan violated the Quebec Charter of Rights and Freedoms, and in particular, the sections dealing with the 976:

Unlike Singapore Citizens and Permanent Residents, Foreigners are not automatically covered by the MediShield Life. Foreigners can purchase the health insurance plans from several life insurers in Singapore.

3569: 3333: 3862:

Torio CM, Andrews RM. National Inpatient Hospital Costs: The Most Expensive Conditions by Payer, 2011. HCUP Statistical Brief #160. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. August 2013.

1039:), the place of residence of the insured person and the degree of supplementary benefit coverage chosen (complementary medicine, routine dental care, semi-private or private ward hospitalization, etc.). 947:

in the world. During this long life, encountering uncertain situations requiring hospitalization are inevitable. Health insurance or medical insurance cover high healthcare costs during hospitalization.

542:, health care is mainly a provincial government responsibility in Canada (the main exceptions being federal government responsibility for services provided to aboriginal peoples covered by treaties, the 662:

The second government responsibility is oversight of the health-insurance funds, to ensure that they are correctly managing the sums they receive, and to ensure oversight of the public hospital network.

63:, to provide the money to pay for the health care benefits specified in the insurance agreement. The benefit is administered by a central organization, such as a government agency, private business, or 1035:

The Swiss healthcare system is a combination of public, subsidized private and totally private systems. Insurance premiums vary from insurance company to company, the excess level individually chosen (

392:

under-performs compared to the other countries. One difference between the U.S. and the other countries in the study is that the U.S. is the only country without universal health insurance coverage.

2077: 2777: 1089:

arising from ill-health. The costs of running the NHS (est. £104 billion in 2007–8) are met directly from general taxation. The NHS provides the majority of health care in the UK, including

270:(US specific) In the U.S., there are two types of health insurance – tax payer-funded and private-funded. A private-funded insurance plan example includes an employer-sponsored self-funded 3452: 1326:. Insurance companies determine what drugs are covered based on price, availability, and therapeutic equivalents. The list of drugs that an insurance program agrees to cover is called a 2697: 999:

average of 80.8. Men's life expectancy was 79.7 years, higher than the OECD average of 78.1 years, and women's life expectancy was 85.7 years, higher than the average of 83.4 years.

4012:

added subdivision (b), which defines "health insurance" as "an individual or group disability insurance policy that provides coverage for hospital, medical, or surgical benefits."

3483: 2751: 2259: 2633: 3512: 2154: 588: 752:

The National Health System in Greece covers both out and in-patient treatment. The out-patient treatment is carried out by social administrative structures as following:

4174: 639:

representatives in the French parliament. The Conservative Gaullists were opposed to a state-run healthcare system, while the Communists were supportive of a complete

3704: 1204:

which lengthened the maximum contract term to 364 days and renewal for up to 36 months. This new rule, in combination with the expiration of the penalty for the

811: 6250: 3948:

Siska, A, et al, Health Spending Projections Through 2018: Recession Effects Add Uncertainty to The Outlook Health Affairs, March/April 2009; 28(2): w346-w357.

1586: 584: 2339: 728:

basis, but the number of physicians allowed to accept Statutory Health Insurance in a given locale is regulated by the government and professional societies.

1197: 2016: 314:

coverage maxima. In these cases, the health plan will stop payment when they reach the benefit maximum, and the policy-holder must pay all remaining costs.

3987: 1986: 2762: 964:

cover treatment of congenital anomalies (medical conditions that are present at birth), cosmetic surgery, pregnancy-related charges and mental illness.

1165:

The private sector has been used to increase NHS capacity despite a large proportion of the British public opposing such involvement. According to the

294:

insurance company starts to pay for care. Furthermore, most policies do not apply co-pays for doctor's visits or prescriptions against your deductible.

3783: 1824: 5038: 2791: 1675: 2986: 1051:

the same age group and region, regardless of sex or state of health. This does not apply to complementary insurance, where premiums are risk-based.

3174: 3901:

Himmelstein, D. U.; Thorne, D.; Warren, E.; Woolhandler, S. (2009). "Medical Bankruptcy in the United States, 2007: Results of a National Study".

3730: 3465: 3250: 1968: 1169:, government funding covered 86% of overall health care expenditures in the UK as of 2004, with private expenditures covering the remaining 14%. 328:

contract with the insurer to accept rates further discounted from the "usual and customary" charges the insurer pays to out-of-network providers.

271: 2367: 5053: 4318: 1366: 197: 3598: 483:. The ombudsman publishes an annual report that outlines the number and nature of complaints per health fund compared to their market share 2117: 4298: 2708: 2266: 1665:

by Gary Caxton, Institution for Health Care Research and Policy, Georgetown University, on behalf of the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation.

1270:. This Act includes an 'individual mandate' that every American must have medical insurance (or pay a fine). Health policy experts such as 490:

The Australian government has introduced a number of incentives to encourage adults to take out private hospital insurance. These include:

3146: 5048: 888:

companies no longer find insuring high-risk individuals an unappealing proposition, avoiding the potential problem of adverse selection.

17: 4200: 631:

The national system of health insurance was instituted in 1945, just after the end of the Second World War. It was a compromise between

6088: 6066: 4424: 3866: 3494: 1267: 1221: 1217: 1209: 744:(gesetzliche Unfallversicherung) is covered by the employer and basically covers all risks for commuting to work and at the workplace. 3885: 3705:"What Is the Impact on Enrollment and Premiums if the Duration of Short-Term Health Insurance Plans Is Increased? | Commonwealth Fund" 6992: 3105: 2595: 1463: 1365:

of 1974 (ERISA) regulated the operation of a health benefit plan if an employer chooses to establish one, which is not required. The

1291: 2270: 6836: 6398: 5513: 3437: 3232: 3202: 2630: 2340:"One hundred and eighteen years of the German health insurance system: are there any lessons for middle- and low income countries?" 2240:

John S. Ambler, "The French Welfare State: surviving social and ideological change," New York University Press, 30 September 1993,

4097:

Managed Care: Integrating the Delivery and Financing of Health Care – Part A, Health Insurance Association of America, 1995, p. 9

2170: 7017: 3380: 1362: 1006:(NHI), which is mandatory. Anyone residing in South Korea, regardless of nationality or occupation, can purchase this insurance. 71: 2609: 6888: 6334: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5637: 5627: 5058: 1530: 4166: 3625:"The Short-Term, Limited-Duration Coverage Final Rule: The Background, The Content, And What Could Come Next | Health Affairs" 3545:"The Short-Term, Limited-Duration Coverage Final Rule: The Background, The Content, And What Could Come Next | Health Affairs" 5043: 2966: 2925: 2445: 2410: 2245: 2164: 2131: 1763: 1591: 1182: 3809: 2735: 2497:"Statutory health insurance in Germany: a health system shaped by 135 years of solidarity, self-governance, and competition" 324:: An amount paid by an insurer to a health care provider, for which the provider agrees to treat all members of the insurer. 6893: 5781: 5263: 4313: 1369:

of 1985 (COBRA) gives an ex-employee the right to continue coverage under an employer-sponsored group health benefit plan.

992: 944: 1024:

and is regulated by the Swiss Federal Law on Health Insurance. Health insurance is compulsory for all persons residing in

4259: 4117: 3757: 3332:. Swiss Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH), Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA. 21 December 2012. Archived from 1279: 4454: 3299:. Swiss Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH), Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA. 8 January 2012. Archived from 1804: 1347: 480: 2763:

https://www.niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2023-02/Health-Insurance-for-India%E2%80%99s-Missing-Middle_08-12-2021.pdf

2662:

Borger C, Smith S, Truffer C, et al. (2006). "Health spending projections through 2015: changes on the horizon".

1929:

Schoen C et al. (2010). How Health Insurance Design Affects Access To Care And Costs, By Income, In Eleven Countries.

841:

65 with a recognized disability. The Late-stage Elderly Medical System includes preventive and standard medical care.

7130: 6305: 6093: 6061: 4383: 4231: 4102: 4085: 4029: 907: 245: 227: 168: 146: 115: 101: 3121: 7115: 4449: 1186: 425:

The private health system is funded by a number of private health insurance organizations. The largest of these is

906:

Since 1974, New Zealand has had a system of universal no-fault health insurance for personal injuries through the

479:. Complaints and reporting of the private health industry is carried out by an independent government agency, the 7125: 6205: 5028: 4419: 4409: 2027: 1381: 1377: 1351: 1015: 956: 3991: 3358: 399:

Life Expectancy of the total population at birth among several OECD member nations. Data source: OECD's iLibrary

7191: 7135: 6898: 6270: 6222: 5488: 5436: 5033: 3272: 1994: 1949: 1246: 870: 599: 150: 1047:

routine dental treatment and private ward hospitalization, which are not covered by the compulsory insurance.

59:

expenses over the risk pool, an insurer can develop a routine finance structure, such as a monthly premium or

6986: 6878: 6290: 5838: 1842:"OECD.StatExtracts, Health, Health Expenditure and Financing, Main Indicators, Health Expenditure since 2000" 802:

The vast majority of Indians are covered by either a comprehensive public health insurance scheme run by the

543: 51:. As with other types of insurance, risk is shared among many individuals. By estimating the overall risk of 1871:"Mirror, Mirror on the Wall: An International Update on the Comparative Performance of American Health Care" 7067: 6240: 5291: 5191: 4439: 4340: 3678: 3651: 3624: 3544: 1662: 1515: 1500: 810:

or a private health insurance scheme providing comprehensive coverage and that is tightly regulated by the

756:

EOPPY (National Organization for the Provision of Health Services): contracted private healthcare providers

2078:

Middle class, middle income and caught in the cross-hairs as Labor turns its sights on a welfare crackdown

1818: 1683: 960: 7211: 7181: 7052: 6265: 5008: 4705: 4651: 4490: 4325: 3490: 1439: 1413: 1275: 1201: 823: 3810:"Trump's new insurance rules are panned by nearly every healthcare group that submitted formal comments" 3410: 1934: 6981: 6863: 6339: 5791: 5483: 5391: 4656: 4520: 4414: 3469: 1965: 1561: 1393:, and requirements for quality assurance such as being accredited by accreditation schemes such as the 1081: 901: 1614:"Health care payments in Vietnam: patients' quagmire of caring for health versus economic destitution" 1162:. The NHS offers patients a choice of hospitals and consultants and does not charge for its services. 7201: 7186: 7171: 7145: 7140: 6961: 6635: 6546: 6425: 4735: 4624: 4434: 4335: 2293: 1308:

Before the development of medical expense insurance, patients were expected to pay health care costs

1166: 1062:

in 2012 was for men 80.5 years compared to 84.7 years for women. These are the world's best figures.

1003: 986: 803: 762:

State hospitals, rural and regional medical units, health centers of the ESY (National Health System)

434: 2822: 7150: 7120: 6811: 6613: 6372: 6329: 6295: 5796: 5786: 5468: 5256: 5108: 4860: 4765: 4730: 4710: 4378: 4330: 4124: 4042: 3936: 3652:"Reports Find Risk Of Non-ACA-Compliant Plans To Be Higher Than Federal Estimates | Health Affairs" 1739: 1540: 1520: 1495: 1337: 1225: 413: 7077: 6956: 6858: 6796: 6608: 6235: 6122: 6056: 5969: 5229: 4911: 4700: 4568: 4515: 4373: 4363: 4252: 3062:

Wisman, Rosann; Heller, John; Clark, Peggy (2011). "A blueprint for country-driven development".

1571: 1566: 1071: 938: 690: 558: 457: 381: 345: 321: 139: 2383:

As Germany has the world's oldest SHI system, it naturally lends itself to historical analyses.

7206: 7196: 6931: 6883: 6853: 6690: 6658: 6648: 6465: 6450: 6430: 6312: 6083: 6078: 5353: 5003: 4636: 4464: 4009: 2545: 1545: 1525: 1401: 1390: 1309: 807: 572: 539: 516: 290: 2436: 2401: 6873: 6868: 6806: 6751: 6700: 6322: 5853: 5826: 5498: 5426: 5018: 4904: 4833: 4688: 4573: 4535: 4196: 3958: 3012: 2958: 1473: 1385: 1323: 1250: 1055: 1021: 684: 626: 614: 533: 209: 107: 4080:

Thomas P. O'Hare, "Individual Medical Expense Insurance," The American College, 2000, p. 7,

3882: 2464: 2052: 7176: 6941: 6717: 6670: 6490: 6485: 6260: 6255: 6230: 6170: 6014: 5994: 5946: 5816: 5731: 5569: 5127: 5070: 4693: 4673: 4500: 4388: 4308: 4056: 4005: 2432:

The origin of the welfare state in England and Germany, 1850–1914: social policies compared

2260:"The long road to universal health coverage. A century of lessons for development strategy" 1451: 1425: 1327: 925: 919: 837:

Employers and employees must contribute evenly to be covered by Employee Health Insurance.

765:

Private health professionals: Medical professionals and services not contracted with EOPYY.

465: 419: 384: 354: 339: 2544:

Ehrich, Jochen; Grote, Ulrike; Gerber-Grote, Andreas; Strassburg, Michael (October 2016).

2294:"Social health insurance: Key factors affecting the transition towards universal coverage" 1705: 1341:

The numbers of Americans lacking health insurance and the uninsured rate from 1987 to 2008

844: 376: 205: 8: 6846: 6841: 6779: 6727: 6445: 6413: 6403: 6285: 6275: 5806: 5801: 5622: 5602: 5523: 5443: 5421: 5401: 5249: 5186: 5181: 5176: 5161: 5023: 4983: 4745: 4715: 4583: 4444: 4368: 4358: 4024:

Fundamentals of Health Insurance: Part A, Health Insurance Association of America, 1997,

2649: 1331: 1147: 1130:

There are a number of other companies in the United Kingdom which include, among others,

793: 318:

prescription drugs) or can apply to all coverage provided during a specific benefit year.

4641: 3974: 3864: 3834: 3434: 3210: 6946: 6910: 6774: 6663: 6643: 6516: 6480: 6367: 6349: 6280: 5916: 5776: 5756: 5711: 5612: 5597: 5222: 5134: 5013: 4938: 4755: 4720: 4631: 4588: 4558: 4530: 4525: 4495: 4469: 4293: 4245: 3926: 3599:"Analysis of The CBO's shifting view on the impact of the Obamacare individual mandate" 3277: 3087: 2931: 2810: 2316: 2218: 2193: 2115: 1640: 1613: 1550: 1490: 1430:

The private health insurance market, known in Russian as "voluntary health insurance" (

1205: 779:

Private hospitals and clinics that are not contracted with the National Health Carrier.

741: 563: 263: 3690: 3663: 3636: 3556: 3384: 3075: 2513: 2496: 2355: 1897:"OECD.StatExtracts, Health, Health Status, Life expectancy, Total population at birth" 7057: 7037: 6769: 6734: 6566: 6460: 6440: 6359: 6212: 6147: 5821: 5771: 5746: 5706: 5701: 5632: 5478: 5083: 4953: 4845: 4809: 4799: 4760: 4750: 4678: 4668: 4598: 4098: 4081: 4025: 3918: 3580: 3079: 2962: 2935: 2921: 2861: 2853: 2849: 2679: 2617: 2575: 2567: 2526: 2518: 2441: 2406: 2359: 2320: 2312: 2241: 2223: 2160: 2127: 1645: 1117:

is generally not covered or covered with restricting clauses. Typical exclusions for

877: 710: 694: 644: 551: 547: 520: 4136: 3930: 3091: 3037: 2907: 605:

In addition to GESY, more than 12 local and international insurance companies (e.g.

7027: 6816: 6784: 6744: 6739: 6536: 6526: 6344: 6132: 6105: 6100: 5954: 5921: 5911: 5761: 5689: 5493: 5431: 5411: 5396: 5196: 5151: 5096: 5088: 5078: 4855: 4779: 4619: 4593: 4578: 4485: 4303: 3910: 3686: 3659: 3632: 3552: 3359:"Bevölkerungsbewegung – Indikatoren: Todesfälle, Sterblichkeit und Lebenserwartung" 3071: 2954: 2913: 2845: 2671: 2557: 2508: 2351: 2308: 2213: 2205: 2090: 1635: 1625: 1612:

Pekerti, Andre; Vuong, Quan-Hoang; Ho, Tung; Vuong, Thu-Trang (25 September 2017).

1535: 1510: 1468: 1431: 1394: 1229: 858: 453: 449: 445: 48: 1896: 1841: 7087: 7022: 6831: 6801: 6789: 6653: 6551: 6418: 5751: 5518: 5321: 5296: 5286: 5208: 5171: 5147: 4948: 4943: 4923: 4882: 4877: 4824: 4819: 4683: 4663: 4540: 4505: 4121: 3914: 3889: 3870: 3441: 2912:. Routledge studies in the modern world economy (1 ed.). London: Routledge. 2739: 2732: 2637: 1972: 1953: 1828: 1779: 1576: 1478: 1442:, has experienced sustained levels of growth. It was introduced in October 1992. 1313: 1257: 1059: 725: 640: 469: 3679:"New Reports On Potential Negative Impacts Of Short-Term Plans | Health Affairs" 3513:"NHS wasting £1 billion a year treating patients with private medical insurance" 2596:

World Health Organization Statistical Information System: Core Health Indicators

2562: 1400:

Employers and employees may have some choice in the details of plans, including

7072: 6821: 6722: 6675: 6377: 6190: 6185: 6180: 6036: 5964: 5721: 5679: 5363: 5331: 5114: 4963: 4646: 4510: 4404: 4350: 2492: 1151: 1098: 1086: 64: 1733: 7165: 7047: 6966: 6951: 6936: 6707: 6685: 6591: 6475: 6408: 6382: 6317: 6160: 6117: 6112: 5959: 5843: 5741: 5463: 5316: 5301: 4917: 4838: 4786: 4725: 4563: 4429: 4149: 3326:"The compulsory health insurance in Switzerland: Your questions, our answers" 2857: 2571: 2522: 2397:

A comparative approach to policy analysis: health care policy in four nations

1556: 1505: 1484: 1159: 1131: 1102: 568: 523:

have long been against the rebate, referring to it as "middle-class welfare".

461: 430: 371: 56: 7082: 7062: 7042: 7032: 7007: 6761: 6596: 6576: 6561: 6531: 6521: 6300: 6155: 6137: 6073: 6051: 6009: 5999: 5896: 5886: 5858: 5589: 5579: 5406: 5346: 5166: 4978: 4973: 4933: 4894: 4004:

See California Insurance Code Section 106 (defining disability insurance).

3922: 3584: 3083: 2879: 2865: 2683: 2675: 2640:. Group-economics.allianz.com (25 July 2005). Retrieved on 26 October 2011. 2579: 2530: 2363: 2227: 1649: 1630: 1409: 1373: 1355: 1295: 1271: 1262: 1090: 475:

Most aspects of private health insurance in Australia are regulated by the

4114: 2917: 395: 6695: 6618: 6586: 6046: 5989: 5607: 5564: 5539: 5508: 5503: 5458: 5383: 5373: 5358: 5311: 5201: 5156: 4829: 4614: 1025: 303: 60: 52: 4150:

What Employers Need to Know About the Hottest Trends in Health Insurance

2209: 1154:. Similar exclusions apply, depending on the policy which is purchased. 6905: 6712: 6625: 6603: 6571: 6470: 6455: 6435: 6200: 6165: 6127: 6041: 6004: 5936: 5931: 5926: 5891: 5848: 5833: 5811: 5736: 5574: 5554: 5473: 5341: 5336: 5306: 5272: 5100: 5092: 4968: 4889: 4850: 4794: 4043:

People ex rel. State Board of Medical Examiners v. Pacific Health Corp.

3293:"Requirement to take out insurance, "Frequently Asked Questions" (FAQ)" 1405: 1318: 297: 286: 153: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3484:"Survey of the general public's views on NHS system reform in England" 3106:"Universal coverage of health services: tailoring its implementation." 7092: 7012: 6826: 6511: 5865: 5766: 5726: 5696: 5617: 5453: 5416: 5142: 4958: 4928: 4899: 4268: 3731:"ACA Open Enrollment: For Consumers Considering Short-Term Policies…" 3383:. World Economic Forum. 2013. pp. 12, 14, 478–81. Archived from 1354:(HMOs) originated beginning in 1929, through the 1930s and on during 1114: 1106: 636: 44: 278:

The individual insured person's obligations may take several forms:

128: 6926: 5984: 5974: 5906: 5901: 5870: 5716: 5671: 5549: 5544: 5448: 5326: 4866: 3361:(in German). Swiss Federal Statistical Office, Neuchâtel 2013. 2012 2987:"Risk adjustment under the health insurance act in the Netherlands" 2495:; Blümel, Miriam; Knieps, Franz; Bärnighausen, Till (August 2017). 1946: 1253:. Some states have additional programs for low-income individuals. 1233: 1094: 776:

Private Clinics contracted with the National Health Carrier (EOPYY)

759:

PEDY (National Primary Healthcare Network) units: public healthcare

632: 426: 3900: 3784:"Short-Term Limited Duration Insurance Can Now Be Less Short-Term" 2742:

by the National Organization for the Provision of Health Services.

2610:"Finanztip : Finanztip – Das gemeinnützige Verbraucherportal" 47:

that covers the whole or a part of the risk of a person incurring

6556: 6506: 6245: 6195: 5979: 5684: 5368: 4804: 4740: 2543: 1618:

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

1581: 1242: 387:) among several OECD member nations. Data source: OECD's iLibrary 3297:

bag.admin.ch/themen/krankenversicherung/06377/index.html?lang=en

3038:"Health insurance for international Students in the Netherlands" 2465:"Private or public? An introduction health insurance in Germany" 2116:

Development, Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and (2004).

429:, which was, until 2014, a government-owned entity, when it was 6680: 6028: 5667: 4459: 4226: 4167:"ДМС в России – добровольное медицинское страхование – MetLife" 2909:

Ageing, Long-term Care Insurance and Healthcare Finance in Asia

2698:"Statutory Accident Insurance Cover During Foreign Assignments" 952:

Health insurance for Singapore Citizens and Permanent Residents

2836:

Yamauchi, Toyoaki (March 1999). "Healthcare system in Japan".

2661: 6541: 5241: 5119: 2491: 1237: 1139: 610: 440:

Australian health funds can be either 'for profit' including

4237: 3455:. British Medical Association. Retrieved on 26 October 2011. 6581: 6024: 4814: 2123: 2080:. Theage.com.au (1 May 2011). Retrieved on 26 October 2011. 1143: 1118: 996: 606: 441: 342:: the list of drugs that an insurance plan agrees to cover. 3330:

bag.admin.ch/themen/krankenversicherung/index.html?lang=en

1706:"How Health Insurance Marketplace Plans Set Your Premiums" 1232:

program for seniors and certain disabled individuals; and

5559: 2194:"The Chaoulli challenge: getting a grip on waiting lists" 1412:. As of 2015, a trend has emerged for employers to offer 1135: 589:

Pharmaceutical industry in the People's Republic of China

1805:"Bill Text - AB-1611 Emergency hospital services: Costs" 1278:, as well as the American medical insurance lobby group 654:

The government has two responsibilities in this system.

4197:"За медуслуги платят более половины российских горожан" 4139:. National Center for Health Statistics (2003). CDC.gov 1330:. Additionally, some prescriptions drugs may require a 1077: 812:

Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India

6251:

List of countries by rate of fatal workplace accidents

2752:

List of Health Insurance companies operating in Greece

2608:

GmbH, Finanztip Verbraucherinformation gemeinnützige.

1904:

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development

1849:

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development

1587:

The Hospital Uninsured Patient Discount Act (Illinois)

1397:

and the American Accreditation Healthcare Commission.

1334:

before an insurance program agrees to cover its cost.

2459: 2457: 2337: 1956:. PrivateHealth.gov.au. Retrieved on 26 October 2011. 1322:

partially cover the cost of certain prescription and

1202:

Short-Term, Limited-Duration Health Insurance (STLDI)

4020: 4018: 2091:"Goedkope zorgverzekering (VGZ) met royale dekking!" 1873:. The Commonwealth Fund. 15 May 2007. Archived from 1292:

Health insurance in the United States § History

1266:

States. In 2010 President Obama signed into law the

773:

State hospitals of the National Health System (ESY).

3858: 3856: 3758:"Doak pushes for short-term health insurance plans" 3270: 3013:"Dutch health insurance for international Students" 2159:. Canadian Institute for Health Information. 2007. 2053:"Medicare levy surcharge effect 'trivial': inquiry" 1611: 585:

Healthcare reform in the People's Republic of China

3511: 2454: 2338:Bärnighausen, Till; Sauerborn, Rainer (May 2002). 1200:issued a final rule which made federal changes to 852: 4015: 3273:"Swiss health care thrives without public option" 3061: 2951:Health Care Issues in the United States and Japan 2434:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 2399:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 1925: 1923: 1921: 1766:. Healthharbor.com. Retrieved on 26 October 2011. 7163: 3853: 2487: 2485: 1889: 1212:, has been the subject of independent analysis. 4057:"Prior Authorization - HealthCare.gov Glossary" 3476: 3203:"Health Insurance Singapore | Kloodo Singapore" 2790:(in Japanese and English). 2017. Archived from 3318: 2980: 2978: 2705:Deutsche Gesetzliche Unfallversicherung (DGUV) 1918: 1759: 1757: 1367:Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act 1002:Health care in South Korea is provided by the 418:The Australian public health system is called 5257: 4253: 4137:Health Care in America: Trends in Utilization 3285: 2482: 2388: 2156:National Health Expenditure Trends, 1975–2007 1605: 1218:The Center for Disease Control and Prevention 675:from complementary private health insurance. 194:The examples and perspective in this section 2772: 2770: 2423: 1975:. Phio.org.au. Retrieved on 26 October 2011. 1261:1000 or more, and in 92% of these cases the 972:Health insurance for Foreigners in Singapore 848:healthcare expenditure in Japan by age group 769:The in-patient treatment is carried out by: 3408: 3351: 2975: 2948: 2291: 1834: 1754: 1350:organizations. The predecessors of today's 1121:schemes (and many other insurers) include: 116:Learn how and when to remove these messages 5264: 5250: 4260: 4246: 3381:"The Human Capital Report, Insight Report" 3266: 3264: 2906:Luk, Sabrina Ching Yuen (6 January 2020). 2292:Carrin, Guy; James, Chris (January 2005). 2191: 2119:Private Health Insurance in OECD Countries 2109: 1268:Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act 1222:Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality 212:, or create a new section, as appropriate. 6993:Comprehensive Employment and Training Act 4159: 3975:Howstuffworks: How Health Insurance Works 3109:Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2949:Wise, David A.; Yashiro, Naohiro (2006). 2767: 2591: 2589: 2561: 2546:"The Child Health Care System of Germany" 2512: 2251: 2217: 1639: 1629: 1464:ANSI 834 Enrollment Implementation Format 1438:) to distinguish it from state-sponsored 1436:добровольное медицинское страхование, ДМС 246:Learn how and when to remove this message 228:Learn how and when to remove this message 169:Learn how and when to remove this message 6837:Job losses caused by the Great Recession 5514:Simultaneous recruiting of new graduates 3781: 3756:Sweeney, Catherine (14 September 2018). 2835: 2652:. Cdc.gov. Retrieved on 26 October 2011. 2598:. Who.int. Retrieved on 26 October 2011. 2394: 1817:Regie de l'assurance maladie du Quebec. 1336: 1285: 995:was 82.7 years in 2017, higher than the 843: 689:Germany has the world's oldest national 394: 375: 7018:Credentialism and educational inflation 3755: 3261: 2784:The National Health Insurance Guidebook 2429: 1947:Australian Health Insurance Information 1363:Employee Retirement Income Security Act 1058:of about 3.6 out of 1,000. The general 289:: The amount that the insured must pay 72:Health Insurance Association of America 14: 7164: 6889:List of countries by unemployment rate 3373: 3271:Schwartz, Nelson D. (1 October 2009). 2959:10.7208/chicago/9780226903248.001.0001 2901: 2899: 2586: 1531:International healthcare accreditation 1378:health maintenance organizations (HMO) 1080:'s National Health Service (NHS) is a 5245: 4241: 3782:Friedman, Rebecca (11 October 2018). 3735:The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation 3676: 3649: 3622: 3542: 3197: 3195: 3175:"MOH | About Integrated Shield Plans" 3169: 3167: 3010: 1985:Ombudsman, Private Health Insurance. 1984: 1780:"Formulary - HealthCare.gov Glossary" 1728: 1726: 1663:How Private Insurance Works: A Primer 1592:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1481:(a US-based patient advocacy company) 1183:Health insurance in the United States 943:Singaporeans have one of the longest 5782:Practice-based professional learning 2301:International Social Security Review 2257: 2198:Canadian Medical Association Journal 2147: 1774: 1772: 1735:The YouToons Get Ready for Obamacare 740:) emerged in 1994 and is mandatory. 693:system, with origins dating back to 180: 151:adding citations to reliable sources 122: 81: 6335:Workers' right to access the toilet 3233:"The public health system in Korea" 2905: 2896: 1256:In the late 1990s and early 2000s, 697:'s Sickness Insurance Law of 1883. 358:plans, or through the public plan. 24: 4299:Accidental death and dismemberment 4203:from the original on 24 April 2017 4177:from the original on 24 April 2017 4156:. 27 April 2015. Web. 2 July 2015. 4115:"Employer Health Insurance: 2007," 3883:"CPS Health Insurance Definitions" 3192: 3164: 2601: 2258:Bump, Jesse B. (19 October 2010). 1723: 1249:and benefits provided through the 481:Private Health Insurance Ombudsman 380:Health Expenditure per capita (in 25: 7223: 4219: 3807: 3691:10.1377/forefront.20180420.803263 3664:10.1377/forefront.20180303.392660 3637:10.1377/forefront.20180801.169759 3557:10.1377/forefront.20180801.169759 3466:"Open Referral schemes explained" 3251:"Health Insurance in South Korea" 2984: 1769: 1065: 908:Accident Compensation Corporation 709:), with the remainder covered by 598:In 2020 in Cyprus introduced the 477:Private Health Insurance Act 2007 97:This article has multiple issues. 7106: 7105: 6399:Corporate collapses and scandals 4425:Directors and officers liability 4225: 3903:The American Journal of Medicine 2850:10.1046/j.1442-2018.1999.00007.x 2631:Length of hospital stay, Germany 2607: 2313:10.1111/j.1468-246x.2005.00209.x 1382:preferred provider organizations 1352:Health Maintenance Organizations 1280:America's Health Insurance Plans 1187:Health care in the United States 1176: 185: 127: 86: 4189: 4142: 4130: 4108: 4091: 4074: 4049: 4035: 3998: 3980: 3968: 3951: 3942: 3894: 3875: 3827: 3801: 3775: 3749: 3723: 3697: 3670: 3643: 3616: 3591: 3563: 3536: 3524:from the original on 9 May 2022 3504: 3458: 3446: 3428: 3402: 3255:International Student Insurance 3243: 3225: 3139: 3114: 3098: 3055: 3030: 3004: 2953:. University of Chicago Press. 2942: 2872: 2829: 2756: 2745: 2726: 2690: 2655: 2643: 2624: 2537: 2234: 2185: 2083: 2071: 2045: 2009: 1978: 1959: 1940: 1863: 1196:On the 1st of August, 2018 the 1016:Health insurance in Switzerland 853:Issues of the healthcare system 703:Gesetzliche Krankenversicherung 643:of health care along a British 513:Private Health Insurance Rebate 138:needs additional citations for 105:or discuss these issues on the 6899:Employment-to-population ratio 6271:Occupational health psychology 5271: 4199:. Vedomosti. 24 October 2011. 3011:Studenten, Zorgverzekeringen. 2430:Hennock, Ernest Peter (2007). 1811: 1797: 1698: 1668: 1656: 1247:Veterans Health Administration 1009: 980: 924:Rwanda is one of a handful of 895: 871:Health care in the Netherlands 864: 738:Gesetzliche Pflegeversicherung 365: 258:A health insurance policy is: 43:in South Africa) is a type of 13: 1: 6987:Works Progress Administration 6879:Unemployment Convention, 1919 6291:Personal protective equipment 5839:Occupational Outlook Handbook 4267: 3493:. 1 June 2007. Archived from 3453:BMA policies – search results 3409:HM Treasury (21 March 2007). 3076:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60778-2 2838:Nursing & Health Sciences 2514:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31280-1 2356:10.1016/S0277-9536(01)00137-X 2344:Social Science & Medicine 1598: 1312:, under what is known as the 1020:Healthcare in Switzerland is 544:Royal Canadian Mounted Police 77: 7068:Psychopathy in the workplace 6241:Human factors and ergonomics 5192:Savings and loan association 3915:10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.04.012 3147:"MOH | MediShield Life FAQs" 2650:Length of hospital stay, U.S 2395:Leichter, Howard M. (1979). 2192:Hadorn, D. (2 August 2005). 1516:Health insurance marketplace 1501:Health Insurance Innovations 1487:– cross-national comparisons 1376:insurance schemes including 932: 407: 332:additional costs associated. 7: 7053:Narcissism in the workplace 6266:Occupational exposure limit 4625:Insurance-linked securities 3988:"Encarta: Health Insurance" 2563:10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.04.045 1820:Prescription drug insurance 1456: 1440:Mandatory Medical Insurance 1192:Short Term Health Insurance 824:Health care system in Japan 715:Private Krankenversicherung 208:, discuss the issue on the 18:Health benefits (insurance) 10: 7228: 6982:Civil Works Administration 6864:Technological unemployment 6340:Workplace health promotion 5792:Professional certification 5489:Personality–job fit theory 4314:Total permanent disability 3017:studentenverzekeringen.nl/ 2017:"Parlininfoweb.aph.gov.au" 1562:Quality-adjusted life year 1449: 1423: 1289: 1180: 1082:publicly funded healthcare 1069: 1013: 984: 936: 917: 902:Health care in New Zealand 899: 868: 821: 791: 682: 678: 624: 582: 531: 411: 369: 7101: 7000: 6962:Guaranteed minimum income 6919: 6760: 6634: 6547:Organizational commitment 6499: 6391: 6358: 6221: 6146: 6023: 5945: 5879: 5666: 5588: 5532: 5382: 5279: 5217: 5069: 5054:Health insurance coverage 4994: 4778: 4607: 4549: 4478: 4397: 4349: 4319:Business overhead expense 4284: 4275: 4120:October 11, 2007, at the 2550:The Journal of Pediatrics 1987:"Medicare Levy Surcharge" 1445: 1435: 1419: 1167:World Health Organization 1004:National Health Insurance 987:Healthcare in South Korea 913: 804:National Health Authority 747: 620: 600:General Healthcare System 593: 527: 435:Australian Stock Exchange 7131:Aspects of organizations 6812:Involuntary unemployment 6373:Equal pay for equal work 6296:Repetitive strain injury 5797:Professional development 5787:Professional association 5469:Letter of recommendation 4455:Protection and indemnity 4125:Kaiser Family Foundation 3683:Health Affairs Forefront 3656:Health Affairs Forefront 3629:Health Affairs Forefront 3549:Health Affairs Forefront 3111:, 2008; 86(11): 817–908. 3042:Student Health Insurance 1740:Kaiser Family Foundation 1541:Philosophy of healthcare 1521:Health insurance mandate 1496:Healthcare in Costa Rica 1310:out of their own pockets 993:life expectancy at birth 945:life expectancy at birth 817: 787: 578: 427:Medibank Private Limited 414:Health care in Australia 7116:Aspects of corporations 7078:Slow movement (culture) 6957:Employer of last resort 6859:Structural unemployment 6797:Frictional unemployment 6236:Epilepsy and employment 6123:Performance-related pay 6057:National average salary 5970:996 working hour system 4912:Explanation of benefits 4384:Variable universal life 4046:, 12 Cal.2d 156 (1938). 3440:31 January 2009 at the 3122:"MOH | News Highlights" 2738:26 October 2021 at the 2733:The Greek Health System 1906:. OECD's iLibrary. 2013 1851:. OECD's iLibrary. 2013 1572:Single-payer healthcare 1567:Self-funded health care 1402:health savings accounts 1072:National Health Service 939:Healthcare in Singapore 691:social health insurance 559:Supreme Court of Canada 501:Medicare Levy Surcharge 346:Explanation of benefits 7126:Aspects of occupations 6932:Unemployment insurance 6884:Unemployment extension 6854:Reserve army of labour 6659:Constructive dismissal 6466:Sleeping while on duty 6431:Exploitation of labour 6313:Sick building syndrome 5484:Person–environment fit 5354:Independent contractor 5049:Health insurance costs 4450:Professional liability 4010:California Legislature 4006:Caselaw.lp.findlaw.com 3468:. BUPA. Archived from 2707:. 2013. Archived from 2676:10.1377/hlthaff.25.w61 1971:6 January 2016 at the 1631:10.3390/ijerph14101118 1546:Prescription analytics 1526:Hospital accreditation 1391:utilization management 1386:point of service plans 1342: 1324:over-the-counter drugs 1301:disability insurance. 1128: 849: 808:Ayushman Bharat Yojana 724:Reimbursement is on a 540:Constitution of Canada 400: 388: 7192:Universal health care 7136:Aspects of workplaces 6874:Unemployment benefits 6869:Types of unemployment 6807:Graduate unemployment 6701:Letter of resignation 6330:Workers' compensation 6323:Occupational fatality 5827:Vocational university 5427:Employment counsellor 4905:Out-of-pocket expense 4766:Workers' compensation 4420:Collateral protection 4410:Business interruption 4154:Entrepreneur Magazine 3869:14 March 2017 at the 3677:Keith, Katie (2018). 3650:Keith, Katie (2018). 3623:Keith, Katie (2018). 3543:Keith, Karen (2018). 2918:10.4324/9781315115689 2664:Health Aff (Millwood) 1966:PHIO's Annual Reports 1831:Accessed 3 June 2011. 1676:"How Insurance Works" 1553:(a US lobbying group) 1474:Health administration 1414:high-deductible plans 1340: 1286:History and evolution 1251:Indian Health Service 1123: 1099:long-term health care 1056:infant mortality rate 847: 685:Healthcare in Germany 627:Health care in France 534:Health care in Canada 495:Lifetime Health Cover 398: 379: 6942:Job creation program 6718:Mandatory retirement 6671:Employee offboarding 6491:Workplace incivility 6486:Workplace harassment 6261:Occupational disease 6256:Occupational burnout 6171:Disability insurance 6015:Workweek and weekend 5995:Retroactive overtime 5817:Vocational education 5732:Continuing education 5570:Permanent employment 5128:Corpus Juris Civilis 4234:at Wikimedia Commons 3881:U.S. Census Bureau, 3709:commonwealthfund.org 3500:on 27 February 2008. 2636:12 June 2011 at the 1991:privatehealth.gov.au 1764:Prior Authorizations 1452:Healthcare in Taiwan 1426:Healthcare in Russia 926:low income countries 920:Healthcare in Rwanda 470:HBF Health Insurance 206:improve this section 196:may not represent a 147:improve this article 6847:Recession-proof job 6842:Lists of recessions 6780:Economic depression 6728:Retirement planning 6609:Work–life interface 6446:Employee monitoring 6414:Corporate behaviour 6404:Accounting scandals 6286:Occupational stress 6276:Occupational injury 5807:Reflective practice 5802:Professional school 5524:Work-at-home scheme 5444:Induction programme 5422:Employment contract 5402:Business networking 5187:Rochdale Principles 5182:Mutual savings bank 5177:Mutual organization 5162:Cooperative banking 5079:Mesopotamian banker 4359:Longevity insurance 3959:"SCOTUS ACA Ruling" 3520:. 6 November 2012. 3339:on 14 December 2013 2985:Dutch, Government. 2210:10.1503/cmaj.050812 2173:on 14 February 2008 2033:on 17 December 2008 1952:18 May 2021 at the 1900:(Online Statistics) 1845:(Online Statistics) 1827:25 May 2020 at the 1372:Through the 1990s, 1332:prior authorization 1210:Affordable Care Act 1148:Groupama Healthcare 1085:which is to spread 1054:Switzerland has an 794:Healthcare in India 7212:Types of insurance 7182:Health care reform 7110:See also templates 6947:Job creation index 6911:Youth unemployment 6775:Discouraged worker 6664:Wrongful dismissal 6644:At-will employment 6517:Civil conscription 6481:Workplace bullying 6368:Affirmative action 6350:Workplace wellness 6281:Occupational noise 5917:Long service leave 5777:Overspecialization 5757:Induction training 5712:Career development 4939:Insurable interest 4440:Payment protection 4341:Payment protection 3888:5 May 2010 at the 3762:The Journal Record 3306:on 3 December 2013 3278:The New York Times 2507:(10097): 882–897. 2469:allaboutberlin.com 1551:ProtectSeniors.Org 1491:Health care reform 1343: 1206:Individual Mandate 850: 742:Accident insurance 564:Chaoulli v. Quebec 433:and listed on the 401: 389: 7159: 7158: 7058:Post-work society 7038:Kiss up kick down 6770:Barriers to entry 6735:Severance package 6567:Human trafficking 6461:Sexual harassment 6441:Employee handbook 6360:Equal opportunity 6223:Safety and health 6213:Take-home vehicle 5822:Vocational school 5772:Lifelong learning 5747:Further education 5707:Career counseling 5702:Career assessment 5479:Overqualification 5239: 5238: 5084:Code of Hammurabi 5059:Vehicle insurance 4954:Replacement value 4846:Actual cash value 4810:Adverse selection 4800:Actuarial science 4774: 4773: 4706:Kidnap and ransom 4679:Extended warranty 4326:Income protection 4230:Media related to 3814:Los Angeles Times 3737:. 29 October 2018 3579:(150): 38212–43. 3390:on 5 October 2013 3070:(9781): 1902–03. 2968:978-0-226-90292-0 2927:978-1-315-11568-9 2447:978-0-521-59212-3 2412:978-0-521-22648-6 2246:978-0-8147-0626-8 2166:978-1-55465-167-2 2133:978-92-64-00668-3 1997:on 22 August 2011 878:equalization pool 711:private insurance 701:Insurance (SHI) ( 695:Otto von Bismarck 548:Canada Health Act 256: 255: 248: 238: 237: 230: 179: 178: 171: 120: 70:According to the 37:medical insurance 27:Type of insurance 16:(Redirected from 7219: 7202:Health education 7187:Health economics 7172:Health insurance 7146:Critique of work 7141:Corporate titles 7109: 7108: 7028:Evil corporation 6894:Employment rates 6817:Jobless recovery 6785:Great Depression 6745:Golden parachute 6740:Golden handshake 6537:Job satisfaction 6527:Critique of work 6345:Workplace phobia 6176:Health insurance 6133:Wage compression 6101:Progressive wage 5955:35-hour workweek 5922:No call, no show 5912:Leave of absence 5762:Knowledge worker 5690:Master craftsman 5494:Personality hire 5432:Executive search 5412:Curriculum vitae 5397:Background check 5266: 5259: 5252: 5243: 5242: 5197:Social insurance 5152:Friendly society 5044:Health insurance 4872:Short rate table 4620:Catastrophe bond 4521:Lenders mortgage 4282: 4281: 4262: 4255: 4248: 4239: 4238: 4232:Health insurance 4229: 4213: 4212: 4210: 4208: 4193: 4187: 4186: 4184: 4182: 4163: 4157: 4146: 4140: 4134: 4128: 4127:, September 2007 4112: 4106: 4095: 4089: 4078: 4072: 4071: 4069: 4067: 4053: 4047: 4039: 4033: 4022: 4013: 4002: 3996: 3995: 3994:on 17 July 2009. 3990:. Archived from 3984: 3978: 3972: 3966: 3965: 3963: 3955: 3949: 3946: 3940: 3934: 3898: 3892: 3879: 3873: 3860: 3851: 3850: 3848: 3846: 3831: 3825: 3824: 3822: 3820: 3805: 3799: 3798: 3796: 3794: 3779: 3773: 3772: 3770: 3768: 3753: 3747: 3746: 3744: 3742: 3727: 3721: 3720: 3718: 3716: 3701: 3695: 3694: 3674: 3668: 3667: 3647: 3641: 3640: 3620: 3614: 3613: 3611: 3609: 3595: 3589: 3588: 3573:Federal Register 3567: 3561: 3560: 3540: 3534: 3533: 3531: 3529: 3515: 3508: 3502: 3501: 3499: 3488: 3480: 3474: 3473: 3472:on 14 July 2014. 3462: 3456: 3450: 3444: 3432: 3426: 3425: 3423: 3421: 3415: 3406: 3400: 3399: 3397: 3395: 3389: 3377: 3371: 3370: 3368: 3366: 3355: 3349: 3348: 3346: 3344: 3338: 3322: 3316: 3315: 3313: 3311: 3305: 3289: 3283: 3282: 3268: 3259: 3258: 3247: 3241: 3240: 3229: 3223: 3222: 3220: 3218: 3213:on 28 March 2022 3209:. Archived from 3199: 3190: 3189: 3187: 3185: 3171: 3162: 3161: 3159: 3157: 3143: 3137: 3136: 3134: 3132: 3118: 3112: 3104:Carrin G et al. 3102: 3096: 3095: 3059: 3053: 3052: 3050: 3048: 3034: 3028: 3027: 3025: 3023: 3008: 3002: 3001: 2999: 2997: 2982: 2973: 2972: 2946: 2940: 2939: 2903: 2894: 2893: 2891: 2889: 2884: 2876: 2870: 2869: 2833: 2827: 2826: 2820: 2816: 2814: 2806: 2804: 2802: 2797:on 1 August 2020 2796: 2789: 2774: 2765: 2760: 2754: 2749: 2743: 2730: 2724: 2723: 2721: 2719: 2714:on 14 April 2021 2713: 2702: 2694: 2688: 2687: 2659: 2653: 2647: 2641: 2628: 2622: 2621: 2616:. Archived from 2605: 2599: 2593: 2584: 2583: 2565: 2541: 2535: 2534: 2516: 2489: 2480: 2479: 2477: 2475: 2461: 2452: 2451: 2439: 2427: 2421: 2420: 2404: 2392: 2386: 2385: 2380: 2378: 2372: 2366:. Archived from 2335: 2329: 2327: 2298: 2289: 2283: 2281: 2275: 2269:. Archived from 2264: 2255: 2249: 2238: 2232: 2231: 2221: 2189: 2183: 2182: 2180: 2178: 2169:. Archived from 2151: 2145: 2144: 2142: 2140: 2126:Health Project. 2113: 2107: 2106: 2104: 2102: 2087: 2081: 2075: 2069: 2068: 2066: 2064: 2059:. 12 August 2008 2049: 2043: 2042: 2040: 2038: 2032: 2026:. Archived from 2021: 2013: 2007: 2006: 2004: 2002: 1993:. Archived from 1982: 1976: 1963: 1957: 1944: 1938: 1927: 1916: 1915: 1913: 1911: 1901: 1893: 1887: 1886: 1884: 1882: 1877:on 29 March 2009 1867: 1861: 1860: 1858: 1856: 1846: 1838: 1832: 1815: 1809: 1808: 1801: 1795: 1794: 1792: 1790: 1776: 1767: 1761: 1752: 1751: 1749: 1747: 1730: 1721: 1720: 1718: 1716: 1702: 1696: 1695: 1693: 1691: 1686:on 14 April 2021 1682:. Archived from 1672: 1666: 1660: 1654: 1653: 1643: 1633: 1609: 1511:Health economics 1469:Economic capital 1437: 1395:Joint Commission 1317:practice of the 1230:social insurance 859:aging population 454:Australian Unity 251: 244: 233: 226: 222: 219: 213: 189: 188: 181: 174: 167: 163: 160: 154: 131: 123: 112: 90: 89: 82: 49:medical expenses 33:Health insurance 21: 7227: 7226: 7222: 7221: 7220: 7218: 7217: 7216: 7162: 7161: 7160: 7155: 7151:Organized labor 7121:Aspects of jobs 7097: 7088:Toxic workplace 7023:Emotional labor 6996: 6920:Public programs 6915: 6832:Great Recession 6802:Full employment 6790:Long Depression 6756: 6654:Banishment room 6630: 6552:Refusal of work 6495: 6419:Corporate crime 6387: 6354: 6217: 6142: 6019: 5941: 5875: 5752:Graduate school 5662: 5584: 5528: 5519:Underemployment 5378: 5322:Self-employment 5297:Contingent work 5287:Academic tenure 5280:Classifications 5275: 5270: 5240: 5235: 5213: 5209:Insurance cycle 5172:Fraternal order 5065: 4996: 4990: 4949:Proximate cause 4944:Insurance fraud 4924:General average 4883:Claims adjuster 4825:Risk management 4820:Risk assessment 4784: 4781: 4770: 4736:Prize indemnity 4603: 4551: 4545: 4474: 4435:Over-redemption 4393: 4345: 4336:National health 4277: 4271: 4266: 4222: 4217: 4216: 4206: 4204: 4195: 4194: 4190: 4180: 4178: 4165: 4164: 4160: 4147: 4143: 4135: 4131: 4122:Wayback Machine 4113: 4109: 4096: 4092: 4079: 4075: 4065: 4063: 4055: 4054: 4050: 4040: 4036: 4023: 4016: 4003: 3999: 3986: 3985: 3981: 3973: 3969: 3961: 3957: 3956: 3952: 3947: 3943: 3899: 3895: 3890:Wayback Machine 3880: 3876: 3871:Wayback Machine 3861: 3854: 3844: 3842: 3841:. 14 April 2020 3833: 3832: 3828: 3818: 3816: 3808:Levey, Noam N. 3806: 3802: 3792: 3790: 3780: 3776: 3766: 3764: 3754: 3750: 3740: 3738: 3729: 3728: 3724: 3714: 3712: 3703: 3702: 3698: 3675: 3671: 3648: 3644: 3621: 3617: 3607: 3605: 3603:Washington Post 3597: 3596: 3592: 3568: 3564: 3541: 3537: 3527: 3525: 3510: 3509: 3505: 3497: 3486: 3482: 3481: 3477: 3464: 3463: 3459: 3451: 3447: 3442:Wayback Machine 3435:BUPA exclusions 3433: 3429: 3419: 3417: 3413: 3407: 3403: 3393: 3391: 3387: 3379: 3378: 3374: 3364: 3362: 3357: 3356: 3352: 3342: 3340: 3336: 3324: 3323: 3319: 3309: 3307: 3303: 3291: 3290: 3286: 3269: 3262: 3249: 3248: 3244: 3231: 3230: 3226: 3216: 3214: 3201: 3200: 3193: 3183: 3181: 3173: 3172: 3165: 3155: 3153: 3145: 3144: 3140: 3130: 3128: 3120: 3119: 3115: 3103: 3099: 3060: 3056: 3046: 3044: 3036: 3035: 3031: 3021: 3019: 3009: 3005: 2995: 2993: 2983: 2976: 2969: 2947: 2943: 2928: 2904: 2897: 2887: 2885: 2882: 2878: 2877: 2873: 2834: 2830: 2818: 2817: 2808: 2807: 2800: 2798: 2794: 2787: 2776: 2775: 2768: 2761: 2757: 2750: 2746: 2740:Wayback Machine 2731: 2727: 2717: 2715: 2711: 2700: 2696: 2695: 2691: 2660: 2656: 2648: 2644: 2638:Wayback Machine 2629: 2625: 2620:on 1 June 2014. 2606: 2602: 2594: 2587: 2542: 2538: 2493:Busse, Reinhard 2490: 2483: 2473: 2471: 2463: 2462: 2455: 2448: 2435: 2428: 2424: 2413: 2400: 2393: 2389: 2376: 2374: 2370: 2350:(10): 1559–87. 2336: 2325: 2323: 2296: 2290: 2279: 2277: 2276:on 6 April 2020 2273: 2262: 2256: 2252: 2239: 2235: 2190: 2186: 2176: 2174: 2167: 2153: 2152: 2148: 2138: 2136: 2134: 2114: 2110: 2100: 2098: 2095:UnitedConsumers 2089: 2088: 2084: 2076: 2072: 2062: 2060: 2051: 2050: 2046: 2036: 2034: 2030: 2019: 2015: 2014: 2010: 2000: 1998: 1983: 1979: 1973:Wayback Machine 1964: 1960: 1954:Wayback Machine 1945: 1941: 1928: 1919: 1909: 1907: 1899: 1895: 1894: 1890: 1880: 1878: 1869: 1868: 1864: 1854: 1852: 1844: 1840: 1839: 1835: 1829:Wayback Machine 1816: 1812: 1803: 1802: 1798: 1788: 1786: 1778: 1777: 1770: 1762: 1755: 1745: 1743: 1732: 1731: 1724: 1714: 1712: 1704: 1703: 1699: 1689: 1687: 1674: 1673: 1669: 1661: 1657: 1610: 1606: 1601: 1596: 1577:Social security 1479:Health Advocate 1459: 1454: 1448: 1428: 1422: 1314:fee-for-service 1298: 1290:Main articles: 1288: 1276:Jonathan Gruber 1258:health advocacy 1189: 1181:Main articles: 1179: 1095:in-patient care 1074: 1068: 1060:life expectancy 1018: 1012: 989: 983: 957:MediShield Life 941: 935: 922: 916: 904: 898: 873: 867: 857:Due to Japan's 855: 826: 820: 796: 790: 750: 726:fee-for-service 687: 681: 641:nationalisation 629: 623: 596: 591: 583:Main articles: 581: 536: 530: 416: 410: 374: 368: 252: 241: 240: 239: 234: 223: 217: 214: 203: 190: 186: 175: 164: 158: 155: 144: 132: 91: 87: 80: 39:(also known as 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7225: 7215: 7214: 7209: 7204: 7199: 7194: 7189: 7184: 7179: 7174: 7157: 7156: 7154: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7128: 7123: 7118: 7112: 7111: 7102: 7099: 7098: 7096: 7095: 7090: 7085: 7080: 7075: 7073:Sunday scaries 7070: 7065: 7060: 7055: 7050: 7045: 7040: 7035: 7030: 7025: 7020: 7015: 7010: 7004: 7002: 6998: 6997: 6990: 6989: 6984: 6979: 6974: 6969: 6964: 6959: 6954: 6949: 6944: 6939: 6934: 6929: 6923: 6921: 6917: 6916: 6914: 6913: 6908: 6903: 6902: 6901: 6896: 6886: 6881: 6876: 6871: 6866: 6861: 6856: 6851: 6850: 6849: 6844: 6839: 6834: 6824: 6822:Phillips curve 6819: 6814: 6809: 6804: 6799: 6794: 6793: 6792: 6787: 6777: 6772: 6766: 6764: 6758: 6757: 6755: 6754: 6749: 6748: 6747: 6742: 6732: 6731: 6730: 6725: 6723:Retirement age 6720: 6710: 6705: 6704: 6703: 6693: 6688: 6683: 6678: 6676:Exit interview 6673: 6668: 6667: 6666: 6661: 6656: 6646: 6640: 6638: 6632: 6631: 6629: 6628: 6623: 6622: 6621: 6616: 6606: 6601: 6600: 6599: 6594: 6589: 6584: 6579: 6574: 6569: 6564: 6554: 6549: 6544: 6539: 6534: 6529: 6524: 6519: 6514: 6509: 6503: 6501: 6497: 6496: 6494: 6493: 6488: 6483: 6478: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6453: 6448: 6443: 6438: 6433: 6428: 6426:Discrimination 6423: 6422: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6395: 6393: 6389: 6388: 6386: 6385: 6380: 6378:Gender pay gap 6375: 6370: 6364: 6362: 6356: 6355: 6353: 6352: 6347: 6342: 6337: 6332: 6327: 6326: 6325: 6315: 6310: 6309: 6308: 6298: 6293: 6288: 6283: 6278: 6273: 6268: 6263: 6258: 6253: 6248: 6243: 6238: 6233: 6227: 6225: 6219: 6218: 6216: 6215: 6210: 6209: 6208: 6198: 6193: 6191:Parental leave 6188: 6186:Marriage leave 6183: 6181:Life insurance 6178: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6158: 6152: 6150: 6144: 6143: 6141: 6140: 6135: 6130: 6125: 6120: 6115: 6110: 6109: 6108: 6098: 6097: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6071: 6070: 6069: 6064: 6054: 6049: 6044: 6039: 6037:Income bracket 6033: 6031: 6021: 6020: 6018: 6017: 6012: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5972: 5967: 5965:Eight-hour day 5962: 5957: 5951: 5949: 5943: 5942: 5940: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5889: 5883: 5881: 5877: 5876: 5874: 5873: 5868: 5863: 5862: 5861: 5856: 5846: 5841: 5836: 5831: 5830: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5804: 5799: 5794: 5789: 5784: 5779: 5774: 5769: 5764: 5759: 5754: 5749: 5744: 5739: 5734: 5724: 5722:Creative class 5719: 5714: 5709: 5704: 5699: 5694: 5693: 5692: 5682: 5680:Apprenticeship 5676: 5674: 5664: 5663: 5661: 5660: 5655: 5650: 5648:Scarlet-collar 5645: 5640: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5594: 5592: 5586: 5585: 5583: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5542: 5536: 5534: 5530: 5529: 5527: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5461: 5456: 5451: 5446: 5441: 5440: 5439: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5414: 5409: 5404: 5399: 5394: 5388: 5386: 5380: 5379: 5377: 5376: 5371: 5366: 5364:Temporary work 5361: 5356: 5351: 5350: 5349: 5344: 5339: 5332:Skilled worker 5329: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5283: 5281: 5277: 5276: 5269: 5268: 5261: 5254: 5246: 5237: 5236: 5234: 5233: 5230:List of topics 5226: 5218: 5215: 5214: 5212: 5211: 5206: 5205: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5159: 5145: 5140: 5139: 5138: 5124: 5123: 5122: 5117: 5115:Burial society 5105: 5104: 5103: 5097:§235–238; §240 5089:§100–105; §126 5081: 5075: 5073: 5067: 5066: 5064: 5063: 5062: 5061: 5056: 5051: 5046: 5041: 5039:Climate change 5031: 5029:United Kingdom 5026: 5021: 5016: 5011: 5006: 5000: 4998: 4992: 4991: 4989: 4988: 4987: 4986: 4976: 4974:Underinsurance 4971: 4966: 4964:Self-insurance 4961: 4956: 4951: 4946: 4941: 4936: 4931: 4926: 4921: 4914: 4909: 4908: 4907: 4902: 4897: 4887: 4886: 4885: 4875: 4874: 4873: 4870: 4858: 4853: 4848: 4843: 4842: 4841: 4836: 4827: 4822: 4817: 4812: 4807: 4797: 4791: 4789: 4776: 4775: 4772: 4771: 4769: 4768: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4743: 4738: 4733: 4731:Political risk 4728: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4711:Legal expenses 4708: 4703: 4698: 4697: 4696: 4686: 4681: 4676: 4671: 4666: 4661: 4660: 4659: 4654: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4628: 4627: 4622: 4611: 4609: 4605: 4604: 4602: 4601: 4596: 4591: 4586: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4566: 4561: 4555: 4553: 4547: 4546: 4544: 4543: 4538: 4533: 4528: 4523: 4518: 4513: 4508: 4503: 4498: 4493: 4491:Builder's risk 4488: 4482: 4480: 4476: 4475: 4473: 4472: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4452: 4447: 4442: 4437: 4432: 4427: 4422: 4417: 4415:Business owner 4412: 4407: 4401: 4399: 4395: 4394: 4392: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4379:Universal life 4376: 4371: 4366: 4361: 4355: 4353: 4347: 4346: 4344: 4343: 4338: 4333: 4331:Long-term care 4328: 4323: 4322: 4321: 4316: 4306: 4301: 4296: 4290: 4288: 4279: 4273: 4272: 4265: 4264: 4257: 4250: 4242: 4236: 4235: 4221: 4220:External links 4218: 4215: 4214: 4188: 4173:(in Russian). 4158: 4148:Straz, Matt. " 4141: 4129: 4107: 4090: 4073: 4061:HealthCare.gov 4048: 4034: 4014: 3997: 3979: 3967: 3950: 3941: 3893: 3874: 3852: 3826: 3800: 3788:Bill of Health 3774: 3748: 3722: 3696: 3669: 3642: 3615: 3590: 3562: 3535: 3503: 3475: 3457: 3445: 3427: 3401: 3372: 3350: 3317: 3284: 3260: 3242: 3224: 3191: 3179:www.moh.gov.sg 3163: 3151:www.moh.gov.sg 3138: 3126:www.moh.gov.sg 3113: 3097: 3054: 3029: 3003: 2974: 2967: 2941: 2926: 2895: 2871: 2828: 2819:|website= 2766: 2755: 2744: 2725: 2689: 2654: 2642: 2623: 2600: 2585: 2536: 2481: 2453: 2446: 2422: 2411: 2387: 2373:on 15 May 2020 2250: 2233: 2184: 2165: 2146: 2132: 2108: 2082: 2070: 2044: 2008: 1977: 1958: 1939: 1935:Free full-text 1931:Health Affairs 1917: 1888: 1862: 1833: 1810: 1796: 1784:HealthCare.gov 1768: 1753: 1742:. 17 July 2013 1722: 1710:HealthCare.gov 1697: 1667: 1655: 1603: 1602: 1600: 1597: 1595: 1594: 1589: 1584: 1579: 1574: 1569: 1564: 1559: 1554: 1548: 1543: 1538: 1533: 1528: 1523: 1518: 1513: 1508: 1503: 1498: 1493: 1488: 1482: 1476: 1471: 1466: 1460: 1458: 1455: 1450:Main article: 1447: 1444: 1421: 1418: 1287: 1284: 1178: 1175: 1152:VitalityHealth 1087:financial risk 1070:Main article: 1067: 1066:United Kingdom 1064: 1014:Main article: 1011: 1008: 991:South Korea's 985:Main article: 982: 979: 937:Main article: 934: 931: 918:Main article: 915: 912: 900:Main article: 897: 894: 869:Main article: 866: 863: 854: 851: 822:Main article: 819: 816: 792:Main article: 789: 786: 781: 780: 777: 774: 767: 766: 763: 760: 757: 749: 746: 683:Main article: 680: 677: 664: 663: 660: 625:Main article: 622: 619: 595: 592: 580: 577: 532:Main article: 529: 526: 525: 524: 510: 509: 508: 498: 412:Main article: 409: 406: 367: 364: 350: 349: 343: 337: 336:authorization. 333: 329: 325: 319: 315: 311: 307: 301: 295: 284: 276: 275: 268: 254: 253: 236: 235: 200:of the subject 198:worldwide view 193: 191: 184: 177: 176: 135: 133: 126: 121: 95: 94: 92: 85: 79: 76: 65:not-for-profit 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7224: 7213: 7210: 7208: 7207:Public health 7205: 7203: 7200: 7198: 7197:Health policy 7195: 7193: 7190: 7188: 7185: 7183: 7180: 7178: 7175: 7173: 7170: 7169: 7167: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7113: 7104: 7103: 7100: 7094: 7091: 7089: 7086: 7084: 7081: 7079: 7076: 7074: 7071: 7069: 7066: 7064: 7061: 7059: 7056: 7054: 7051: 7049: 7048:Make-work job 7046: 7044: 7041: 7039: 7036: 7034: 7031: 7029: 7026: 7024: 7021: 7019: 7016: 7014: 7011: 7009: 7006: 7005: 7003: 6999: 6995: 6994: 6988: 6985: 6983: 6980: 6978: 6975: 6973: 6970: 6968: 6967:Right to work 6965: 6963: 6960: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6952:Job guarantee 6950: 6948: 6945: 6943: 6940: 6938: 6937:Make-work job 6935: 6933: 6930: 6928: 6925: 6924: 6922: 6918: 6912: 6909: 6907: 6904: 6900: 6897: 6895: 6892: 6891: 6890: 6887: 6885: 6882: 6880: 6877: 6875: 6872: 6870: 6867: 6865: 6862: 6860: 6857: 6855: 6852: 6848: 6845: 6843: 6840: 6838: 6835: 6833: 6830: 6829: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6805: 6803: 6800: 6798: 6795: 6791: 6788: 6786: 6783: 6782: 6781: 6778: 6776: 6773: 6771: 6768: 6767: 6765: 6763: 6759: 6753: 6750: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6738: 6737: 6736: 6733: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6715: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6708:Restructuring 6706: 6702: 6699: 6698: 6697: 6694: 6692: 6689: 6687: 6686:Notice period 6684: 6682: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6655: 6652: 6651: 6650: 6647: 6645: 6642: 6641: 6639: 6637: 6633: 6627: 6624: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6611: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6592:Unfree labour 6590: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6580: 6578: 6575: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6565: 6563: 6562:Bonded labour 6560: 6559: 6558: 6555: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6504: 6502: 6498: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6479: 6477: 6476:Whistleblower 6474: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6432: 6429: 6427: 6424: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6409:Control fraud 6407: 6405: 6402: 6401: 6400: 6397: 6396: 6394: 6390: 6384: 6383:Glass ceiling 6381: 6379: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6369: 6366: 6365: 6363: 6361: 6357: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6324: 6321: 6320: 6319: 6318:Work accident 6316: 6314: 6311: 6307: 6306:United States 6304: 6303: 6302: 6299: 6297: 6294: 6292: 6289: 6287: 6284: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6274: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6249: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6228: 6226: 6224: 6220: 6214: 6211: 6207: 6206:United States 6204: 6203: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6161:Casual Friday 6159: 6157: 6154: 6153: 6151: 6149: 6145: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6118:Paid time off 6116: 6114: 6113:Overtime rate 6111: 6107: 6104: 6103: 6102: 6099: 6095: 6094:United States 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6076: 6075: 6072: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6059: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6034: 6032: 6030: 6026: 6022: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5960:Four-day week 5958: 5956: 5953: 5952: 5950: 5948: 5944: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5884: 5882: 5878: 5872: 5869: 5867: 5864: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5851: 5850: 5847: 5845: 5844:Practice firm 5842: 5840: 5837: 5835: 5832: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5750: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5742:Employability 5740: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5729: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5691: 5688: 5687: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5677: 5675: 5673: 5669: 5665: 5659: 5656: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5643:Orange-collar 5641: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5595: 5593: 5591: 5590:Working class 5587: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5537: 5535: 5531: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5464:Job interview 5462: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5442: 5438: 5435: 5434: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5389: 5387: 5385: 5381: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5334: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5317:Part-time job 5315: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5302:Full-time job 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5284: 5282: 5278: 5274: 5267: 5262: 5260: 5255: 5253: 5248: 5247: 5244: 5232: 5231: 5227: 5225: 5224: 5220: 5219: 5216: 5210: 5207: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5154: 5153: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5137: 5136: 5132: 5131: 5130: 5129: 5125: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5112: 5111: 5110: 5106: 5102: 5098: 5094: 5090: 5087: 5086: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5076: 5074: 5072: 5068: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5036: 5035: 5034:United States 5032: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5002: 5001: 4999: 4993: 4985: 4982: 4981: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4955: 4952: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4942: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4919: 4918:Force majeure 4915: 4913: 4910: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4892: 4891: 4888: 4884: 4881: 4880: 4879: 4876: 4871: 4869: 4868: 4864: 4863: 4862: 4859: 4857: 4854: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4844: 4840: 4839:Value of life 4837: 4835: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4802: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4792: 4790: 4788: 4783: 4777: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4734: 4732: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4701:Interest rate 4699: 4695: 4692: 4691: 4690: 4687: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4670: 4667: 4665: 4662: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4649: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4626: 4623: 4621: 4618: 4617: 4616: 4613: 4612: 4610: 4606: 4600: 4597: 4595: 4592: 4590: 4587: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4569:Inland marine 4567: 4565: 4564:GAP insurance 4562: 4560: 4557: 4556: 4554: 4552:Communication 4548: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4507: 4504: 4502: 4499: 4497: 4494: 4492: 4489: 4487: 4484: 4483: 4481: 4477: 4471: 4468: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4431: 4428: 4426: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4413: 4411: 4408: 4406: 4403: 4402: 4400: 4396: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4374:Unitised fund 4372: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4364:Mortgage life 4362: 4360: 4357: 4356: 4354: 4352: 4348: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4334: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4311: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4291: 4289: 4287: 4283: 4280: 4274: 4270: 4263: 4258: 4256: 4251: 4249: 4244: 4243: 4240: 4233: 4228: 4224: 4223: 4202: 4198: 4192: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4162: 4155: 4151: 4145: 4138: 4133: 4126: 4123: 4119: 4116: 4111: 4104: 4103:1-879143-26-7 4100: 4094: 4087: 4086:1-57996-025-1 4083: 4077: 4062: 4058: 4052: 4045: 4044: 4038: 4031: 4030:1-879143-36-4 4027: 4021: 4019: 4011: 4008:In 2001, the 4007: 4001: 3993: 3989: 3983: 3976: 3971: 3960: 3954: 3945: 3938: 3932: 3928: 3924: 3920: 3916: 3912: 3909:(8): 741–46. 3908: 3904: 3897: 3891: 3887: 3884: 3878: 3872: 3868: 3865: 3859: 3857: 3840: 3836: 3830: 3815: 3811: 3804: 3789: 3785: 3778: 3763: 3759: 3752: 3736: 3732: 3726: 3711:. 5 June 2018 3710: 3706: 3700: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3673: 3665: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3646: 3638: 3634: 3630: 3626: 3619: 3604: 3600: 3594: 3586: 3582: 3578: 3574: 3566: 3558: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3539: 3523: 3519: 3514: 3507: 3496: 3492: 3485: 3479: 3471: 3467: 3461: 3454: 3449: 3443: 3439: 3436: 3431: 3412: 3411:"Budget 2007" 3405: 3386: 3382: 3376: 3360: 3354: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3321: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3288: 3281:. p. A1. 3280: 3279: 3274: 3267: 3265: 3256: 3252: 3246: 3238: 3234: 3228: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3198: 3196: 3180: 3176: 3170: 3168: 3152: 3148: 3142: 3127: 3123: 3117: 3110: 3107: 3101: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3058: 3043: 3039: 3033: 3018: 3014: 3007: 2992: 2988: 2981: 2979: 2970: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2945: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2910: 2902: 2900: 2881: 2875: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2832: 2824: 2812: 2793: 2785: 2781: 2780: 2773: 2771: 2764: 2759: 2753: 2748: 2741: 2737: 2734: 2729: 2710: 2706: 2699: 2693: 2685: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2670:(2): w61–73. 2669: 2665: 2658: 2651: 2646: 2639: 2635: 2632: 2627: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2604: 2597: 2592: 2590: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2564: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2540: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2515: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2488: 2486: 2470: 2466: 2460: 2458: 2449: 2443: 2438: 2433: 2426: 2419: 2414: 2408: 2403: 2398: 2391: 2384: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2334: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2295: 2288: 2272: 2268: 2261: 2254: 2247: 2243: 2237: 2229: 2225: 2220: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2204:(3): 271–73. 2203: 2199: 2195: 2188: 2172: 2168: 2162: 2158: 2157: 2150: 2135: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2120: 2112: 2096: 2092: 2086: 2079: 2074: 2058: 2054: 2048: 2029: 2025: 2018: 2012: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1981: 1974: 1970: 1967: 1962: 1955: 1951: 1948: 1943: 1936: 1932: 1926: 1924: 1922: 1905: 1898: 1892: 1876: 1872: 1866: 1850: 1843: 1837: 1830: 1826: 1823: 1821: 1814: 1806: 1800: 1785: 1781: 1775: 1773: 1765: 1760: 1758: 1741: 1737: 1736: 1729: 1727: 1711: 1707: 1701: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1671: 1664: 1659: 1651: 1647: 1642: 1637: 1632: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1608: 1604: 1593: 1590: 1588: 1585: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1575: 1573: 1570: 1568: 1565: 1563: 1560: 1558: 1557:Public health 1555: 1552: 1549: 1547: 1544: 1542: 1539: 1537: 1536:Nyman's model 1534: 1532: 1529: 1527: 1524: 1522: 1519: 1517: 1514: 1512: 1509: 1507: 1506:Health crisis 1504: 1502: 1499: 1497: 1494: 1492: 1489: 1486: 1485:Health system 1483: 1480: 1477: 1475: 1472: 1470: 1467: 1465: 1462: 1461: 1453: 1443: 1441: 1433: 1427: 1417: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1398: 1396: 1392: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1370: 1368: 1364: 1359: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1339: 1335: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1320: 1315: 1311: 1306: 1302: 1297: 1293: 1283: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1264: 1263:medical debts 1259: 1254: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1213: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1194: 1193: 1188: 1184: 1177:United States 1174: 1170: 1168: 1163: 1161: 1160:Open Referral 1155: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1132:Chubb Limited 1127: 1122: 1120: 1116: 1110: 1108: 1104: 1103:ophthalmology 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1083: 1079: 1073: 1063: 1061: 1057: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1038: 1033: 1029: 1027: 1023: 1017: 1007: 1005: 1000: 998: 994: 988: 978: 974: 973: 969: 965: 962: 958: 954: 953: 949: 946: 940: 930: 927: 921: 911: 909: 903: 893: 889: 885: 881: 879: 872: 862: 860: 846: 842: 838: 834: 830: 825: 815: 813: 809: 805: 800: 795: 785: 778: 775: 772: 771: 770: 764: 761: 758: 755: 754: 753: 745: 743: 739: 733: 729: 727: 722: 720: 716: 712: 708: 704: 698: 696: 692: 686: 676: 672: 668: 661: 657: 656: 655: 652: 648: 646: 642: 638: 634: 628: 618: 616: 612: 608: 603: 601: 590: 586: 576: 574: 570: 569:right to life 566: 565: 560: 557:In 2005, the 555: 553: 549: 545: 541: 535: 522: 518: 514: 511: 505: 504: 502: 499: 496: 493: 492: 491: 488: 484: 482: 478: 473: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 447: 443: 438: 436: 432: 428: 423: 421: 415: 405: 397: 393: 386: 383: 378: 373: 372:Health system 363: 359: 356: 347: 344: 341: 338: 334: 330: 326: 323: 320: 316: 312: 308: 305: 302: 299: 296: 292: 291:out-of-pocket 288: 285: 281: 280: 279: 273: 269: 265: 261: 260: 259: 250: 247: 232: 229: 221: 211: 207: 201: 199: 192: 183: 182: 173: 170: 162: 152: 148: 142: 141: 136:This section 134: 130: 125: 124: 119: 117: 110: 109: 104: 103: 98: 93: 84: 83: 75: 73: 68: 66: 62: 58: 57:health system 54: 50: 46: 42: 38: 34: 30: 19: 7083:Toxic leader 7063:Presenteeism 7043:Labor rights 7033:Going postal 7008:Bullshit job 6991: 6976: 6971: 6762:Unemployment 6614:Downshifting 6597:Wage slavery 6577:Penal labour 6532:Dead-end job 6522:Conscription 6301:Right to sit 6175: 6156:Annual leave 6138:Working poor 6074:Minimum wage 6052:Maximum wage 6010:Working time 6000:Six-hour day 5897:Career break 5859:Professional 5653:Black-collar 5623:White-collar 5603:Green-collar 5580:Volunteering 5417:Drug testing 5407:Cover letter 5347:Tradesperson 5228: 5221: 5167:Credit union 5133: 5126: 5107: 4979:Underwriting 4934:Insurability 4916: 4895:Co-insurance 4865: 4861:Cancellation 4652:Catastrophic 4637:Climate risk 4465:Trade credit 4285: 4205:. Retrieved 4191: 4179:. Retrieved 4170: 4161: 4153: 4144: 4132: 4110: 4093: 4076: 4064:. Retrieved 4060: 4051: 4041: 4037: 4000: 3992:the original 3982: 3970: 3953: 3944: 3906: 3902: 3896: 3877: 3843:. Retrieved 3838: 3829: 3817:. Retrieved 3813: 3803: 3791:. Retrieved 3787: 3777: 3765:. Retrieved 3761: 3751: 3739:. Retrieved 3734: 3725: 3713:. Retrieved 3708: 3699: 3682: 3672: 3655: 3645: 3628: 3618: 3606:. Retrieved 3602: 3593: 3576: 3572: 3565: 3548: 3538: 3526:. Retrieved 3517: 3506: 3495:the original 3478: 3470:the original 3460: 3448: 3430: 3418:. Retrieved 3416:. p. 21 3404: 3392:. Retrieved 3385:the original 3375: 3363:. Retrieved 3353: 3341:. Retrieved 3334:the original 3329: 3320: 3308:. Retrieved 3301:the original 3296: 3287: 3276: 3254: 3245: 3237:OECD Library 3236: 3227: 3215:. Retrieved 3211:the original 3206: 3182:. Retrieved 3178: 3154:. Retrieved 3150: 3141: 3129:. Retrieved 3125: 3116: 3108: 3100: 3067: 3063: 3057: 3045:. Retrieved 3041: 3032: 3020:. Retrieved 3016: 3006: 2994:. Retrieved 2991:overheid.nl/ 2990: 2950: 2944: 2908: 2886:. Retrieved 2874: 2844:(1): 45–48. 2841: 2837: 2831: 2799:. Retrieved 2792:the original 2783: 2778: 2758: 2747: 2728: 2716:. Retrieved 2709:the original 2704: 2692: 2667: 2663: 2657: 2645: 2626: 2618:the original 2614:finanztip.de 2613: 2603: 2553: 2549: 2539: 2504: 2500: 2472:. Retrieved 2468: 2431: 2425: 2416: 2396: 2390: 2382: 2375:. Retrieved 2368:the original 2347: 2343: 2331: 2324:. Retrieved 2307:(1): 45–64. 2304: 2300: 2285: 2278:. Retrieved 2271:the original 2253: 2236: 2201: 2197: 2187: 2175:. Retrieved 2171:the original 2155: 2149: 2137:. Retrieved 2118: 2111: 2099:. Retrieved 2094: 2085: 2073: 2061:. Retrieved 2056: 2047: 2035:. Retrieved 2028:the original 2023: 2011: 1999:. Retrieved 1995:the original 1990: 1980: 1961: 1942: 1930: 1908:. Retrieved 1903: 1891: 1879:. Retrieved 1875:the original 1865: 1853:. Retrieved 1848: 1836: 1819: 1813: 1799: 1787:. Retrieved 1783: 1744:. Retrieved 1734: 1713:. Retrieved 1709: 1700: 1688:. Retrieved 1684:the original 1679: 1670: 1658: 1624:(10): 1118. 1621: 1617: 1607: 1429: 1399: 1374:managed care 1371: 1360: 1356:World War II 1344: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1296:Managed care 1272:David Cutler 1255: 1228:, a federal 1214: 1195: 1191: 1190: 1171: 1164: 1156: 1129: 1124: 1111: 1091:primary care 1075: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1036: 1034: 1030: 1019: 1001: 990: 975: 971: 970: 966: 955: 951: 950: 942: 923: 905: 890: 886: 882: 874: 856: 839: 835: 831: 827: 801: 797: 782: 768: 751: 737: 734: 730: 723: 718: 714: 706: 702: 699: 688: 673: 669: 665: 653: 649: 630: 604: 597: 562: 556: 537: 512: 500: 494: 489: 485: 476: 474: 458:'non-profit' 439: 424: 417: 402: 390: 382:PPP-adjusted 360: 351: 277: 257: 242: 224: 215: 195: 165: 156: 145:Please help 140:verification 137: 113: 106: 100: 99:Please help 96: 69: 40: 36: 32: 31: 29: 7177:Health care 6972:Historical: 6696:Resignation 6636:Termination 6619:Slow living 6587:Truck wages 6572:Labour camp 6500:Willingness 6392:Infractions 6047:Living wage 5990:Remote work 5658:Gold-collar 5613:Pink-collar 5608:Grey-collar 5598:Blue-collar 5565:Labour hire 5540:Cooperative 5504:Recruitment 5459:Job hunting 5392:Application 5374:Wage labour 5359:Labour hire 5312:Job sharing 5202:Trade union 5157:Cooperative 4830:Uncertainty 4689:Index-based 4657:Multi-peril 4615:Reinsurance 4574:Public auto 4479:Residential 3835:"FastStats" 3518:Independent 3394:21 November 3365:21 November 3343:21 November 3310:21 November 3217:19 February 3184:19 February 3156:19 February 3131:19 February 2718:10 November 2556:: S71–S86. 2474:10 February 2418:workplaces. 2333:population. 2265:. Seattle: 2177:19 November 2139:19 November 2101:28 November 2063:28 November 1690:21 November 1410:coinsurance 1319:professions 1026:Switzerland 1010:Switzerland 981:South Korea 896:New Zealand 865:Netherlands 806:called the 538:As per the 366:Comparisons 304:Coinsurance 61:payroll tax 53:health risk 41:medical aid 7166:Categories 6906:Wage curve 6713:Retirement 6626:Workaholic 6604:Work ethic 6471:Wage theft 6456:Labour law 6451:Evaluation 6436:Dress code 6201:Sick leave 6166:Child care 6128:Salary cap 6042:Income tax 6005:Shift work 5937:Time clock 5932:Sick leave 5927:Sabbatical 5892:Break room 5880:Attendance 5849:Profession 5834:Mentorship 5812:Retraining 5737:E-learning 5633:New-collar 5628:Red-collar 5575:Supervisor 5555:Internship 5474:Onboarding 5342:Technician 5337:Journeyman 5307:Gig worker 5273:Employment 4997:by country 4995:Insurance 4969:Total loss 4890:Deductible 4851:Cash value 4795:Act of God 4780:Insurance 4694:Parametric 4674:Expatriate 4550:Transport/ 4516:Landlords' 4501:Earthquake 4389:Whole life 4309:Disability 4066:6 November 3207:kloodo.com 3064:The Lancet 3022:15 January 2501:The Lancet 2097:(in Dutch) 2037:9 February 2024:aph.gov.au 1789:6 November 1715:23 October 1599:References 1424:See also: 1406:deductible 1348:Blue Cross 1150:, WPA and 561:ruled, in 460:including 452:including 431:privatized 370:See also: 322:Capitation 298:Co-payment 287:Deductible 102:improve it 78:Background 7093:Workhouse 7013:Busy work 6827:Recession 6691:Pink slip 6649:Dismissal 6512:Careerism 6106:Singapore 6084:Hong Kong 5947:Schedules 5866:Tradesman 5767:Licensure 5727:Education 5697:Avocation 5638:No-collar 5618:Precariat 5499:Probation 5454:Job fraud 5143:Syndicate 5109:Collegium 5004:Australia 4959:Risk pool 4929:Indemnity 4900:Copayment 4834:Knightian 4746:Terrorism 4716:Liability 4584:Satellite 4445:Pollution 4369:Term life 4278:insurance 4276:Types of 4269:Insurance 3937:full text 2936:213140829 2880:"en.indd" 2858:1441-0745 2821:ignored ( 2811:cite book 2779:国民健康保険の手引 2572:0022-3476 2523:0140-6736 2321:154659524 1328:formulary 1115:pregnancy 1107:dentistry 1037:franchise 1022:universal 933:Singapore 645:Beveridge 637:Communist 609:, Aetna, 408:Australia 355:formulary 340:Formulary 218:June 2021 210:talk page 159:June 2021 108:talk page 45:insurance 7001:See also 6927:Workfare 6752:Turnover 6148:Benefits 6029:salaries 5985:Overtime 5975:Flextime 5907:Gap year 5902:Furlough 5871:Vocation 5854:Operator 5717:Coaching 5672:training 5550:Employer 5545:Employee 5449:Job fair 5327:Side job 5223:Category 5101:§275–277 5019:Pakistan 4867:Pro rata 4756:War risk 4721:No-fault 4632:Casualty 4589:Shipping 4559:Aviation 4536:Renters' 4531:Property 4526:Mortgage 4496:Contents 4470:Umbrella 4430:Fidelity 4398:Business 4294:Accident 4207:24 April 4201:Archived 4181:23 April 4175:Archived 4118:Archived 3931:25720725 3923:19501347 3886:Archived 3867:Archived 3585:30074743 3522:Archived 3438:Archived 3092:13371951 3084:21641465 3047:30 March 2996:21 March 2866:10894651 2801:30 March 2736:Archived 2684:16495287 2634:Archived 2580:27666278 2531:28684025 2377:10 March 2364:12061488 2326:10 March 2280:10 March 2228:16076823 2057:ABC News 1969:Archived 1950:Archived 1910:23 April 1855:23 April 1825:Archived 1746:24 March 1680:hcsc.com 1650:28946711 1457:See also 1245:and the 1234:Medicaid 1226:Medicare 961:MediSave 633:Gaullist 573:security 552:Medicare 468:and the 450:'mutual' 420:Medicare 310:pockets. 264:contract 204:You may 67:entity. 6977:U.S.A.: 6582:Peonage 6557:Slavery 6507:Boreout 6246:Karoshi 6196:Pension 5980:On-call 5685:Artisan 5369:Laborer 5148:Benefit 5135:Digesta 5071:History 4805:Actuary 4761:Weather 4751:Tuition 4741:Takaful 4669:Deposit 4599:Vehicle 4171:MetLife 3839:cdc.gov 3819:4 March 3793:4 March 3767:4 March 3741:4 March 3715:4 March 3608:4 March 2888:1 March 2219:1180658 2001:29 June 1881:7 March 1641:5664619 1582:Welfare 1432:Russian 1243:TRICARE 1208:of the 679:Germany 647:model. 615:Metlife 6681:Layoff 6231:Crunch 6089:Europe 6079:Canada 6067:Europe 5668:Career 5509:Résumé 5384:Hiring 5292:Casual 5024:Serbia 4984:Profit 4856:Broker 4782:policy 4594:Travel 4579:Marine 4486:Boiler 4460:Surety 4304:Dental 4286:Health 4101: 4084: 4028: 3929: 3921: 3845:26 May 3583: 3420:11 May 3090: 3082: 2965: 2934: 2924: 2864: 2856: 2786:] 2682: 2578: 2570: 2529: 2521: 2444: 2409: 2362: 2319: 2244: 2226: 2216: 2163: 2130: 1648: 1638: 1446:Taiwan 1420:Russia 1408:, and 1294:, and 1220:. The 1105:, and 914:Rwanda 748:Greece 621:France 594:Cyprus 528:Canada 521:Greens 6542:McJob 6062:World 6025:Wages 5887:Break 5533:Roles 5120:Guild 5014:India 5009:China 4878:Claim 4684:Group 4664:Cyber 4642:Crime 4608:Other 4541:Title 4506:Flood 3962:(PDF) 3927:S2CID 3528:4 May 3498:(PDF) 3487:(PDF) 3414:(PDF) 3388:(PDF) 3337:(PDF) 3304:(PDF) 3088:S2CID 2932:S2CID 2883:(PDF) 2795:(PDF) 2788:(PDF) 2782:[ 2712:(PDF) 2701:(PDF) 2371:(PDF) 2317:S2CID 2297:(PDF) 2274:(PDF) 2263:(PDF) 2031:(PDF) 2020:(PDF) 1384:, or 1238:SCHIP 1140:Aviva 818:Japan 788:India 611:Cigna 579:China 462:GMHBA 456:; or 272:ERISA 6027:and 5670:and 5437:list 5093:§234 4815:Risk 4785:and 4647:Crop 4511:Home 4405:Bond 4351:Life 4209:2017 4183:2017 4099:ISBN 4082:ISBN 4068:2019 4026:ISBN 3935:See 3919:PMID 3847:2020 3821:2019 3795:2019 3769:2019 3743:2019 3717:2019 3610:2019 3581:PMID 3530:2014 3422:2007 3396:2013 3367:2013 3345:2013 3312:2013 3219:2021 3186:2021 3158:2021 3133:2021 3080:PMID 3049:2023 3024:2024 2998:2023 2963:ISBN 2922:ISBN 2890:2022 2862:PMID 2854:ISSN 2823:help 2803:2023 2720:2020 2680:PMID 2576:PMID 2568:ISSN 2527:PMID 2519:ISSN 2476:2019 2442:ISBN 2407:ISBN 2379:2013 2360:PMID 2328:2013 2282:2013 2267:PATH 2242:ISBN 2224:PMID 2179:2007 2161:ISBN 2141:2007 2128:ISBN 2124:OECD 2103:2017 2065:2017 2039:2016 2003:2012 1912:2014 1883:2009 1857:2014 1791:2019 1748:2022 1717:2019 1692:2019 1646:PMID 1361:The 1274:and 1198:DHHS 1185:and 1144:Bupa 1119:Bupa 1076:The 997:OECD 635:and 607:Bupa 587:and 571:and 519:and 444:and 442:Bupa 385:US$ 55:and 5560:Job 4787:law 4726:Pet 4152:". 3911:doi 3907:122 3687:doi 3660:doi 3633:doi 3553:doi 3491:BMA 3072:doi 3068:377 2955:doi 2914:doi 2846:doi 2672:doi 2558:doi 2554:177 2509:doi 2505:390 2437:157 2402:121 2352:doi 2309:doi 2214:PMC 2206:doi 2202:173 1636:PMC 1626:doi 1136:AXA 719:PKV 717:or 707:GKV 705:or 517:ALP 466:HCF 446:nib 149:by 35:or 7168:: 5099:; 5095:; 5091:; 4169:. 4059:. 4017:^ 3925:. 3917:. 3905:. 3855:^ 3837:. 3812:. 3786:. 3760:. 3733:. 3707:. 3685:. 3681:. 3658:. 3654:. 3631:. 3627:. 3601:. 3577:83 3575:. 3551:. 3547:. 3516:. 3489:. 3328:. 3295:. 3275:. 3263:^ 3253:. 3235:. 3205:. 3194:^ 3177:. 3166:^ 3149:. 3124:. 3086:. 3078:. 3066:. 3040:. 3015:. 2989:. 2977:^ 2961:. 2930:. 2920:. 2898:^ 2860:. 2852:. 2840:. 2815:: 2813:}} 2809:{{ 2769:^ 2703:. 2678:. 2668:25 2666:. 2612:. 2588:^ 2574:. 2566:. 2552:. 2548:. 2525:. 2517:. 2503:. 2499:. 2484:^ 2467:. 2456:^ 2440:. 2415:. 2405:. 2381:. 2358:. 2348:54 2346:. 2342:. 2330:. 2315:. 2305:58 2303:. 2299:. 2284:. 2222:. 2212:. 2200:. 2196:. 2122:. 2093:. 2055:. 2022:. 1989:. 1933:. 1920:^ 1902:. 1847:. 1782:. 1771:^ 1756:^ 1738:. 1725:^ 1708:. 1678:. 1644:. 1634:. 1622:14 1620:. 1616:. 1434:: 1404:, 1380:, 1358:. 1146:, 1142:, 1138:, 1134:, 1109:. 1101:, 1097:, 1093:, 1078:UK 814:. 613:, 464:, 448:; 437:. 262:A 111:. 5265:e 5258:t 5251:v 5150:/ 4832:/ 4261:e 4254:t 4247:v 4211:. 4185:. 4105:. 4088:. 4070:. 4032:. 3977:. 3964:. 3939:. 3933:. 3913:: 3849:. 3823:. 3797:. 3771:. 3745:. 3719:. 3693:. 3689:: 3666:. 3662:: 3639:. 3635:: 3612:. 3587:. 3559:. 3555:: 3532:. 3424:. 3398:. 3369:. 3347:. 3314:. 3257:. 3239:. 3221:. 3188:. 3160:. 3135:. 3094:. 3074:: 3051:. 3026:. 3000:. 2971:. 2957:: 2938:. 2916:: 2892:. 2868:. 2848:: 2842:1 2825:) 2805:. 2722:. 2686:. 2674:: 2582:. 2560:: 2533:. 2511:: 2478:. 2450:. 2354:: 2311:: 2248:. 2230:. 2208:: 2181:. 2143:. 2105:. 2067:. 2041:. 2005:. 1937:. 1914:. 1885:. 1859:. 1822:. 1807:. 1793:. 1750:. 1719:. 1694:. 1652:. 1628:: 736:( 713:( 249:) 243:( 231:) 225:( 220:) 216:( 202:. 172:) 166:( 161:) 157:( 143:. 118:) 114:( 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.