1001:
274:
Constitutionalist sympathies. However, the most radical attack by Haydar Khan took place on 28 February 1908, when a bomb was thrown at the Shah's motorcade. Haydar Khan who by that time became known under the pseudonym "Bombist" for his terrorist activities, was found responsible for the plot and was arrested, but he was soon released at the insistence of his parliamentary Social
Democrat comrades. This single act of violence was followed by the
31:
209:
and the
Iranians. Upon humiliating an official (Saham ol mulk Motavalibashi) in Khorasan, he comments in his memoirs, "I had only one purpose in mind, which was to show the people of Khorasan (Iran) who had little or no education and understanding that was also an ordinary human being." He remained
327:
In March 1911, Haydar Khan was forced to leave Iran. The
Conservatives had regrouped, and the Russians, who invaded Iran and occupied Azerbaijan, did not wish to permit a revolutionary neighbor on their border. After obtaining money from the deposed Shah in Russia (by pretending that he would help
269:
on whose orders Haydar Khan committed the act. Ali Asghar Khan had just persuaded the Shah to work with
Parliament, where he had a strong enough base to guarantee its cooperation. As a result of his death, the parliamentary coalition he had constructed quickly evaporated. Moreover, the Shah became
273:
Other members of the political elite who attempted to bridge the gap between the Shah and the
Constitutionalists were also the targets of Haydar Khan's political terrorism. These included Mirza Ahmad Khan Ala-al-Dawla and the Khedmat Society, which included members of the old regime who professed
270:
more suspicious of
Parliament, and, as the politicized crowd saw the revolutionary potential of prime minister's removal, Parliament became less willing to accommodate the Shah. The lines became sharply drawn, increasing the likelihood of violent conflict.
293:, where he helped in the provision of men and material for the revolutionaries, before returning to fight them. Once the Shah had been dethroned, he joined the radical Democratic Party and organized the assassination in January 1910 of Ayatollah Mirza
204:
Haydar Khan arrived in Iran as an inexperienced young man with no knowledge of
Persian and was unfamiliar with Iranian society and culture, but was driven to action by his restlessness, his sense of mission, and a belief in his exceptional love for
379:
472:
352:
and the
Communist Party of Persia in Gilan. Although accounts of this episode vary in their account of the details, it is almost certain that he was killed by a group of Jangalis quickly afterwards, with or without
234:
was about to unfold. He may have exaggerated his part in the
Constitutional Revolution when he claimed that he was the one who sent the first group of people to take refuge on the grounds of the
983:
316:
groups, veterans of the armed struggle during the
Constitutional revolution who were now providing military support for the Conservatives. Haydar Khan and the Democrats supported
537:
279:
1038:
192:
in 1886. As a student of Tbilisi Polytechnic University, he became more closely acquainted with the ideas of and history of socialism; in 1898, he joined the
1058:
1053:
724:
219:
324:
head of the police force, and succeeded in disarming them. Sattar Khan died soon afterwards as a consequence of an injury he sustained in action.
530:
1068:
874:
1063:
1004:
523:
1073:
246:, Haydar Khan, now more experienced and knowledgeable, played a significant role in moving Iranian politics in a radical direction.
193:
235:
704:
664:
628:
254:
341:
494:
603:
176:. His father was Ali-Akbar Afshar, a physician, and his mother was Zahra. Because local people tend to call his father
546:
231:
133:
1043:
100:
739:
598:
300:
Later, Haydar Khan, in support of the Democrats and the governmental forces during the government of the popular
942:
649:
275:
973:
882:
669:
947:
927:
250:
1033:
282:, and both sides were armed. Consequently, in 1909, for the first time in the Middle East, a monarch was
1048:
729:
694:
659:
623:
567:
239:
849:
819:
294:
168:
in electrical engineering, before he was invited to Iran, in 1901, to set up an electrical plant for
137:
78:
978:
357:'s knowledge. Following this, his body was extensively embalmed and smuggled out of the country to
349:
344:
in 1921 as one of the leaders of the Iranian delegation. Haydar Khan was sent back to Iran by the
887:
864:
804:
789:
734:
679:
572:
337:
243:
93:
932:
854:
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613:
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988:
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405:
261:. Haydar Khan admitted that he had masterminded the assassination, and this was confirmed by
1028:
1023:
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8:
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674:
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provided an opportunity for Haydar Khan to return to the Caucasus and participate in the
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was signed in St. Petersburg in 1907, bisecting Iran into two spheres of influence,
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restore him, the Shah, to his former throne), Haydar Khan left for Europe.
189:
153:
834:
824:
689:
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317:
305:
829:
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52:
984:
Russian Empire involvement in the Persian Constitutional Revolution
290:
321:
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211:
173:
165:
161:
358:
258:
215:
180:("Uncle," in Persian and Azeri language), they also called him
157:
149:
66:
48:
30:
297:, who led the conservative wing of the Constitutionalists.
206:
257:, the powerful Persian premier, was shot in front of the
399:
397:
395:
393:
391:
545:
125:; December 20, 1880 – October 15, 1921) was an
348:
to settle the conflict which was raging between the
388:
289:During this conflict, Haydar Khan first escaped to
152:, but immigrated with his family at a young age to
471:
1015:
265:, who, however, denies that there had existed a
1039:People of the Persian Constitutional Revolution
531:
1059:Communist Party of the Soviet Union members
538:
524:
495:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
403:
278:. The Shah and the Constitutionalists now
29:
1054:Emigrants from the Russian Empire to Iran
1016:
304:, participated in attacks against the
194:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
1069:Communist Party of Persia politicians
519:
469:
230:He arrived Tehran in 1903, where the
188:in Azeri language). He immigrated to
132:revolutionary, key figure during the
377:
302:Mirza Hasan Khan Mostawfi-al-Mamalek
160:, Armenia). He received training in
1064:Democrat Party (Persia) politicians
433:Historical Dictionary of Azerbaijan
122:
13:
604:Malek Mansur Mirza Shoa O-Saltaneh
463:
14:
1085:
705:Mirza Abdul'Rahim Talibov Tabrizi
547:Persian Constitutional Revolution
232:Persian Constitutional Revolution
134:Persian Constitutional Revolution
16:Iranian revolutionary (1880–1921)
1074:20th-century Iranian politicians
1000:
999:
740:Mirza Sayyed Mohammad Tabatabai
435:. Scarecrow Press, 1999; p. 17.
650:Kamran Mirza Nayeb es-Saltaneh
438:
422:
371:
143:
136:and among the founders of the
1:
883:Zahra Khanom Tadj es-Saltaneh
670:Mohammad Vali Khan Tonekaboni
364:
238:. However, upon the death of
199:
948:Russian occupation of Tabriz
928:Persian Constitution of 1906
599:Mass'oud Mirza Zell-e Soltan
276:Shah's closing of Parliament
225:
7:
815:Jahangir-Khan Sur-e-Esrafil
473:"Ḥaydar K̲h̲ān Amū Ug̲h̲lī"
378:رحيم, رضازادۀ ملك، (1973).
286:in the name of the people.
10:
1090:
730:Haji-Mirza Hassan Roshdieh
695:Morteza Gholi Khan Hedayat
660:Abdol-Hossein Farman Farma
624:Abdol-Hossein Farman Farma
568:Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar
470:Hairi, Abdul-Hadi (1971).
214:and after that he went to
63:October 15, 1921 (aged 41)
997:
961:
915:
873:
850:Jamshid Bahman Jamshidian
642:
586:
560:
553:
404:Sheikholeslami, Alireza.
295:Sayyed Abdullah Behbahani
249:On the very day that the
138:Communist Party of Persia
123:حیدرخان عمواوغلی تاریوردی
87:
74:
59:
37:
28:
21:
979:Jungle Movement of Gilan
974:1921 Persian coup d'état
331:
280:stood against each other
1044:Iranian revolutionaries
888:Bibi Khanoom Astarabadi
865:Edward Granville Browne
805:Mohammad Farrokhi Yazdi
790:Mahammad Amin Rasulzade
735:Jamal al-Din al-Afghani
680:Ali-Qoli Khan Bakhtiari
573:Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar
503:. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
446:"ḤAYDAR KHAN ʿAMU-OḠLI"
406:"HAYDAR KHAN ʿAMU-OḠLI"
338:1917 Russian Revolution
251:Anglo-Russian Agreement
101:Social Democratic Party
855:William Morgan Shuster
755:Mirza Abutaleb Zanjani
614:Sheikh Fazlollah Noori
989:Iranian Enlightenment
898:Bibi Maryam Bakhtiari
840:Haydar Khan Amo-oghli
810:Mirza Fatali Akhundov
429:Tadeusz Swietochowski
384:(in Persian). روزبه،.
242:and the accession of
112:Haydar Khan Amo-oghli
23:Haydar Khan Amo-oghli
785:Mohammad Ali Tarbiat
619:Mirza Nasrullah Khan
431:, Brian C. Collins.
410:Encyclopædia Iranica
240:Mozaffar ad-Din Shah
893:Sediqeh Dowlatabadi
800:Mohammad-Taqi Bahar
780:Mirza Alakbar Sabir
675:Mostowfi ol-Mamalek
218:as the engineer of
1034:Iranian communists
943:Majlis Bombardment
860:Howard Baskerville
845:Mirza Reza Kermani
765:Ali-Akbar Dehkhoda
700:Mehdi Qoli Hedayat
643:Constitutionalists
381:حيدرخان عمواوغلى /
222:electrical plant.
1049:People from Urmia
1011:
1010:
953:Triumph of Tehran
911:
910:
770:Rais al-Mojahedin
750:Mohammad Khiabani
710:Mirza Malkam Khan
594:Abdol Majid Mirza
244:Mohammad Ali Shah
109:
108:
45:December 20, 1880
1081:
1003:
1002:
938:the First Majlis
916:Important events
725:Heydar Latifiyan
715:Hassan Taqizadeh
634:Vladimir Liakhov
578:Ahmad Shah Qajar
558:
557:
540:
533:
526:
517:
516:
512:
475:
457:
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454:
452:
442:
436:
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420:
419:
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401:
386:
385:
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267:Terror Committee
263:Hassan Taqizadeh
220:Haj Amin Al-zarb
170:Imam Reza shrine
124:
105:
98:
83:
42:Heydar Tariverdi
33:
19:
18:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1007:
993:
957:
933:Siege of Tabriz
923:Tobacco Protest
907:
869:
775:Mirzadeh Eshghi
745:Hassan Modarres
685:Colonel Pessian
665:Ali Asghar Khan
638:
582:
549:
544:
466:
464:Further reading
461:
460:
450:
448:
444:
443:
439:
427:
423:
414:
412:
402:
389:
376:
372:
367:
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255:Ali Asghar Khan
236:British Embassy
228:
202:
148:He was born in
146:
103:
99:
96:
89:
88:Other political
81:
79:Communist Party
75:Political party
70:
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55:
46:
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24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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629:Amin al-Soltan
626:
621:
616:
611:
609:Sheikh Khaz'al
606:
601:
596:
590:
588:
587:Authoritarians
584:
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94:Democrat Party
91:
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969:Qajar dynasty
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820:Saad ad-Daula
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720:Ahmad Kasravi
718:
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688:
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658:
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655:Hassan Pirnia
653:
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496:
491:
487:
483:
482:Ménage, V. L.
479:
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468:
467:
447:
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430:
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411:
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396:
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347:
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342:Baku Congress
339:
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217:
213:
210:15 months in
208:
197:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
156:(present-day
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151:
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128:
120:
116:
113:
102:
95:
92:
86:
80:
77:
73:
68:
62:
58:
54:
50:
40:
36:
32:
27:
20:
903:Zainab Pasha
839:
795:Aref Qazvini
500:
493:
449:. Retrieved
440:
432:
424:
413:. Retrieved
409:
380:
373:
355:Mirza Kuchek
335:
326:
299:
288:
272:
266:
248:
229:
203:
190:Alexandropol
185:
181:
177:
154:Alexandropol
147:
114:
111:
110:
90:affiliations
69:, Qajar Iran
1029:1921 deaths
1024:1880 births
835:Nikol Duman
825:Sattar Khan
690:Yeprem Khan
554:Key figures
499:Volume III:
490:Schacht, J.
486:Pellat, Ch.
451:15 November
318:Yeprem Khan
306:Sattar Khan
144:Early years
104:(1904–1910)
97:(1910–1917)
82:(1917–1921)
1018:Categories
830:Bāqer Khān
760:Iraj Mirza
415:2011-10-30
365:References
346:Bolsheviks
310:Baqer Khan
200:In Mashhad
53:Qajar Iran
509:495469525
478:Lewis, B.
284:dethroned
226:In Tehran
182:Amo-oghli
130:left-wing
115:Tariverdi
1005:Category
962:See also
561:Monarchs
492:(eds.).
350:Jangalis
322:Armenian
291:Caucasia
314:Mojahed
212:Mashhad
174:Mashhad
127:Iranian
119:Persian
507:
501:H–Iram
488:&
359:France
320:, the
259:Majles
216:Tehran
186:Cousin
166:Tiflis
162:Erivan
158:Gyumri
875:Women
476:. In
332:Death
150:Urmia
67:Gilan
49:Urmia
505:OCLC
453:2015
336:The
312:and
308:and
207:Iran
164:and
60:Died
38:Born
178:Amo
172:in
1020::
497:.
484:;
480:;
408:.
390:^
361:.
196:.
140:.
121::
51:,
539:e
532:t
525:v
511:.
455:.
418:.
184:(
117:(
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