Havana syndrome - Knowledge

285: 1077:, Relman said that the committee identified "microwave radiation that occurs in a pulsed or intermittent form" as "the most plausible" mechanism for the injuries, but that it could not confidently identify any cause given the lack of "direct evidence that this could explain the entire story for sure or even parts of it". Relman said that the committee lacked information to assess "what the various sources of such pulsed microwave energy might be" but that the facts left the committee "with this very sort of disconcerting notion that it had been produced deliberately by other actors whose purposes we really weren't in a position to fathom". Relman said that "the bottom line is that this is still a perplexing story that still needs further investigation." 1089:

explanation for patients' symptoms had to be established from sufficient evidence" and "could not be inferred merely by the absence of other causal mechanisms or the lack of definitive structural injuries". In its assessment of possible social and psychological causes, the committee notes the possibility of stress-based psychological responses, and that these were more likely to be triggered by possible threats attributed to human sources than other stressors. It concludes that these could not have caused the acute "audio-vestibular" symptoms some patients experienced, such as sudden unexplained sounds. The scope of the provided data limited the committee's ability to investigate psychological and social factors.

2508: 912:) rather than those of a technological device. Stubbs and Montealegre-Z matched the song's "pulse repetition rate, power spectrum, pulse rate stability, and oscillations per pulse" to the recording. Stubbs and Montealegre wrote, "the causes of the health problems reported by embassy personnel are beyond the scope of this paper" and called for "more rigorous research into the source of these ailments, including the potential psychogenic effects, as well as possible physiological explanations unrelated to sonic attacks." This conclusion was comparable to a 2017 hypothesis by Cuban scientists that the sound on the same recording is that of 460: 8601: 7042: 7249: 7032: 360:

promptly address serious health concerns. The government has sought to dismiss the suit, arguing in November 2019 that it was not negligent and did not breach its duties to its employees. In court filings, the government acknowledged that several of the 14 plaintiffs in the suit had concussion-like symptoms but said that no definitive cause or medical diagnosis had been ascertained. In a November 2019 statement, Global Affairs Canada said, "We continue to investigate the potential causes of the unusual health symptoms."

198:, which stated that it was highly unlikely that a directed energy attack had caused the health incidents. In March 2023, seven U.S. intelligence agencies completed a review of the proposed cases of Havana syndrome and released an unclassified report with the consensus that "available intelligence consistently points against the involvement of US adversaries in causing the reported incidents" and that a foreign adversary's involvement was "very unlikely". This stance was reiterated in a March 2024 report by the 10901: 9988: 8611: 7259: 503:

harmful sounds, or even mass hysteria." In June 2018, the State Department announced that a task force had been assembled to investigate the reports and expanded their health warning to all of mainland China amid reports some US diplomats outside of Guangzhou had experienced the same symptoms resembling a brain injury. The warning told anyone who experienced "unusual acute auditory or sensory phenomena accompanied by unusual sounds or piercing noises" to "not attempt to locate their source".

1194:, vestibular disturbances, or both. The report concluded, "Of the 95 persons whose medical records CDC evaluated, 15 had illnesses that met the criteria for a presumptive case definition. CDC classified 31 others as possible cases and the remaining 49 as not likely to be a case." Two years later, six of the subjects in the CDC investigation were still being rehabilitated for their injuries, and four were still unable to return to work. The CDC decided not to conduct a retrospective 869:, a group of physicists and scientists who advise the U.S. government, analyzed audio recordings from eight of the original 21 incidents of Havana syndrome and two cellphone videos taken by one patient from Cuba. It concluded that the sounds in the eight recordings were "most likely" caused by insects and that it was "highly unlikely" that microwaves or ultrasound beams were involved, because "No plausible single source of energy (neither radio/microwaves nor sonic) can produce 1006:-inducing incident in Moscow in December 2017 (Polymeropoulos said the event was an attack and "the most terrifying experience of my life", worse than experiences in Iraq and Afghanistan). Polymeropoulos fought with the CIA for years to obtain specialized medical treatment, after the agency cast doubt on the similarities between the symptoms he experienced and those experienced by the diplomats in Havana. Polymeropoulos was ultimately diagnosed at the U.S. government's 11584: 10844: 9931: 8554: 7202: 578: 9978: 10891: 48: 1022:, who was acting defense secretary at the time, said in 2021 that "I knew CIA and Department of State were not taking this shit seriously and we wanted to shame them into it by establishing our task force." Miller said that he began to consider the reports of mysterious symptoms to be a high priority in December 2020, after he conducted an interview with a person with major combat experience who detailed symptoms. 1448:

incident reports; penetrate a building; physiologically affect a human (to include the Frey effect); deliver sufficient power; and be transmitted from an antenna that would not be easily noticed. Considering all these factors, the report concluded that while RF energy between 500 MHz and 30 GHz cannot be conclusively ruled out, it was "highly unlikely" to be the cause of the incidents.

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busy intersection, he suddenly felt as though his head were going to explode. His two-year-old son, in a car seat in the back, started screaming. As the officer sped out of the intersection, the pressure in his head ceased, and his son went quiet. A remarkably similar incident was reported by a CIA officer who was stationed in the same city, and who had no connection to the military officer."

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Foreign Minister Carlos Fernandez de Cossio told Reuters, "The unfortunate thing is the U.S. government leveraged to derail bilateral relations ... and discredit Cuba." Reuters went to report that "Cuba has for years labeled as 'science fiction' the idea that 'Havana Syndrome' resulted from an attack by a foreign agent, and its top scientists in 2021 found no evidence of such allegations."

1485:" and "Intelligence officers vigorously studied what happened in the hours, days and weeks surrounding the incidents... In some instances they found malfunctioning HVAC systems, which can cause discomfort to humans, and in other cases there were computer mice that created surprising disruptions... We weren't finding what we expected to find... There is no one explanation for any of this." 1053:(NASEM) commissioned by the State Department released its report, concluding, "Overall, directed pulsed RF energy ... appears to be the most plausible mechanism in explaining these cases among those that the committee considered", but that "each possible cause remains speculative" and that "the report should not be viewed as conclusive". Chaired by 1556:

to any hostile foreign actions. Despite the ongoing debate and varying opinions within the intelligence community, the report held that official stance is that the symptoms are likely caused by a combination of environmental factors, pre-existing conditions, or conventional illnesses, rather than any form of directed energy attack by a foreign nation.

1256:, "While investigators have not determined definitively that these incidents are caused by a specific weapon, some believe any such device would be primarily transported by vehicle", and "Some could be small enough to fit into a large backpack, and an individual can be targeted from 500 to 1,000 yards away." James Lin of the 561:, a lawn adjacent to the south side of the White House. Both incidents were similar to those that were reported to have struck dozens of U.S. personnel overseas, including CIA and State Department personnel. Federal agencies investigated the incident at The Ellipse, and Defense Department officials briefed members of the 1528:, the vice chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee, issued a statement on March 2 rejecting the finding, saying, "Something happened here, and just because you don't have all the answers doesn't mean that it didn't happen." Rubio said his panel would continue an independent review of the claims. 1512:

revealed that when the Cuban attack reports began, he "pretty quickly" came to believe that this was not in Cuba's interest, and in any case thought it was beyond that nation's capabilities. He assumed Russia was involved, but said that he chose not to brief the president on that belief as he did not

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On the second question, the report examined mechanisms related to electromagnetic energy (all frequencies, from RF to ionizing) and acoustic energy (infrasound, audible, and ultrasound). Ionizing radiation and acoustic energy were easily ruled out, as was RF energy at frequencies less than 500 MHz or

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In September 2021, it was reported that within the U.S. government, analysts had debated whether the alleged attacks reflected a deliberate attempt to cause injury, or whether the reported symptoms were "a consequence of a high-tech attempt to steal classified information from phones and computers of

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cited a number of incidents recounted by Mark Vandroff, who served as the senior director for defense policy at the National Security Council: "One of the most dramatic episodes involved a U.S. military officer stationed in a country with a large Russian presence. As the officer pulled his car into a

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such as persistent postural-perceptual dizziness ("a syndrome characterized primarily by chronic symptoms of dizziness and perceived unsteadiness, often triggered by acute or chronic vestibular disease, neurological or medical illness or psychological distress") could explain some of the symptoms the

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ended family postings to Cuba and withdrew all staff with families. Several of the Canadians who were affected in 2017 were reported to still be unable to resume their work due to the severity of their ailments. The lack of knowledge of the cause of Havana syndrome, as of February 2019, had made

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The original 21 events in Cuba were characterized as starting with strange grating noises coming from a specific direction. Some people experienced pressure, vibration, or a sensation comparable to driving a car with the window partly rolled down. These noises lasted from 20 seconds to 30 minutes and

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Five of the seven agencies involved in generating the report concluded "the available intelligence consistently points against the involvement of US adversaries in causing the reported incidents" and that a foreign adversary's involvement was "very unlikely". One of the other agencies concluded that

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reported that the U.S. government's "working hypothesis" was that GRU agents "have been aiming microwave-radiation devices at U.S. officials to collect intelligence from their computers and cell phones, and that these devices can cause serious harm to the people they target". The U.S. government has

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In February, the U.S. State Department said that its ongoing investigation was "a high priority" for the department. Also in February, sources familiar with the various ongoing investigations told CNN that a primary obstacle to progress by the U.S. government in investigating the syndrome was a lack

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The 2020 NASEM analysis appeared to show that psychological issues were not the likely cause of the injuries, but the different ways in which people were affected left open the possible influence of psychological and social factors. The report reads, "the likelihood of mass psychogenic illness as an

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Near the end of the Trump administration, the Defense Department established a task force to investigate reports of attacks on DoD personnel abroad. The DoD established the task force partly due to frustration over what DoD officials considered to be a sluggish and lackluster response by the CIA and

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could be the culprit, but found nothing they could link to the claimed medical symptoms. The FBI and Cuban authorities met to discuss the situation; the Cubans stated that the U.S. neither agreed to share the diplomats' medical records with Cuban authorities nor allowed Cuban investigators access to

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In August 2017, the United States expelled two Cuban diplomats in retaliation for perceived Cuban responsibility. The next month, the U.S. State Department stated that it was removing non-essential staff from the U.S. embassy and warned U.S. citizens not to travel to Cuba. In October 2017, President

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On March 1, 2024, a report by the National Intelligence Council concluded that it is "very unlikely" that a foreign adversary was responsible for Havana syndrome. The comprehensive assessment aligned with previous CIA reports and emphasized a lack of credible evidence linking these health incidents

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Two of the seven agencies had "high confidence in this judgment while three agencies have moderate confidence". Two other agencies judged "that deliberate causal mechanisms are unlikely to have caused AHIs" but those agencies had "low confidence because they judge(d) that radiofrequency (RF) energy

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released a report, titled "Intelligence Community Assessment", which was jointly prepared by seven U.S. intelligence agencies. The report concluded "that there is no credible evidence that a foreign adversary has a weapon or collection device that is causing AHIs". The agencies preparing the report

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issued an interim assessment concluding that the syndrome is not the result of "a sustained global campaign by a hostile power" and that 976 of the 1000 reviewed cases could be explained by natural causes such as environmental causes, undiagnosed medical conditions, or stress, although it could not

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visited the city and came to the assessment that the individuals were experiencing a mass psychogenic illness. The Behavioral Analysis Unit profilers did not speak to any of the affected people directly, instead relying on transcripts of previous interviews that the FBI had conducted with patients.

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charged with responding to the incidents. Six months later, Spratlen left her position as coordinator of the task force because she "reached the threshold of hours of labor" that she could perform as a retiree. Her resignation had been demanded by people angered by her handling of a conference call

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In 2019, the Canadian government announced that it was reducing its embassy staff in Havana after a 14th Canadian diplomat reported symptoms of Havana syndrome in late December 2018. In February 2019, several Canadian diplomats sued the Canadian government, arguing that it failed to protect them or

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Upon release of the report, Cuba's Vice Foreign Minister Carlos Fernandez de Cossio told Reuters, "The unfortunate thing is the U.S. government leveraged to derail bilateral relations... and discredit Cuba." Reuters also reported that "Cuba has for years labeled as 'science fiction' the idea that

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said, "The intelligence community assessment released today by ODNI reflects more than two years of rigorous, painstaking collection, investigative work, and analysis by IC agencies including CIA... We applied the agency's very best operational, analytic, and technical tradecraft to what is one of

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Regardless of the answer to the first question, how consistent are the events with a directed energy attack or other physical mechanism? In other words, is it possible for there to be a single underlying cause that can be physiologically linked to the reported symptoms and physically linked to the

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that "could generate misleading or obscured findings". The CDC concluded, "The evaluations conducted thus far have not identified a mechanism of injury, process of exposure, effective treatment, or mitigating factor for the unexplained cluster of symptoms experienced by those stationed in Havana."

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found that the FBI's investigation into the incidents was stymied by conflict with the CIA and the State Department; the CIA was reluctant to reveal, even to other U.S. government agencies, the identities of affected officers because of concern about possible leaks. Federal rules on the privacy of

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Some U.S. embassy workers have experienced lasting health problems, including an unidentified diplomat who now needs a hearing aid. In 2017, the U.S. State Department concluded that the health problems were either the result of an attack or due to exposure to an unknown device, but that it was not

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A subsequent review in December 2023 by Bartholomew RE and Baloh RW stated that Havana syndrome is a health scare fueled by "moral panic". They suggested it was "a socially constructed catch-all category for an array of pre-existing health conditions, responses to environmental factors, and stress

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onset of neurological symptoms associated with a perceived localized loud sound such as screeching, chirping, clicking, or piercing noises. Two-thirds experienced visual disturbances such as blurred vision and sensitivity to light. More than half reported intense pressure or vibration in the head,

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Top officials in both the Trump and the Biden Administrations privately suspect that Russia is responsible for the Havana Syndrome. Their working hypothesis is that agents of the G.R.U., the Russian military's intelligence service, have been aiming microwave-radiation devices at U.S. officials to

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On the first question, the report found that 80–90% of the incidents could be easily explained by everyday occurrences or other unrelated factors. For the 10–20% that could not be easily explained, JASON was not able to perform a statistical analysis due to lack of data on a comparable background

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stationed in Guangzhou, accused the department of a "deliberate, high-level cover-up" and of failing to protect their employees. Marc Polymeropoulos, a 26-year CIA veteran, who retired in 2019, similarly felt betrayed by CIA leadership, accusing the agency of failing to respond appropriately to a

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In 2020 it was reported that a 2014 NSA report raised suspicions that Russia used a microwave weapon to target a person's living quarters, causing nervous system damage; and Russia has an interest in disrupting cooperation among the U.S., China, and Cuba. The U.S. diplomats stationed in China and

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with worn bearings. The report's findings were first reported by Reuters in July 2019. Parts of JASON's report were declassified in September 2021. While biomedical engineer Kenneth Foster (an opponent of the microwave theory) cited the findings as evidence against the theory, biomedical engineer

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The cause of Havana syndrome remains unknown and controversial. In 2019 and 2020, some U.S. government representatives attributed the incidents to attacks by unidentified foreign actors, and various U.S. officials blamed the reported symptoms on a variety of unidentified and unknown technologies,

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The 2020 NASEM study found that it was unlikely that "acute high-level exposure to OPs and/or pyrethroids contributed" to the illnesses, due to a lack of evidence of exposures to those pesticides or clinical histories consistent with such exposure, but the study committee "could not rule out the

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The U.S. government has not released the number of affected persons, but media reporting indicated a total of 130 possible cases by the end of May 2021, rising to more than 200 by mid-September 2021. The cases variously affected CIA, U.S. military, and State Department personnel and their family

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Upon release of the March 2023 U.S. intelligence agencies' unclassified report which concluded that "available intelligence consistently points against the involvement of US adversaries in causing the reported incidents" and that a foreign adversary's involvement was "very unlikely", Cuba's Vice

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In March 2018, some Canadian diplomats traveled to Pittsburgh to consult with the neurologist that had previously diagnosed brain issues in US diplomats. The neurologist concluded that MRIs of the Canadians showed evidence of brain damage that was similar to what the neurologist reported for the

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In response to the incidents, the U.S. State Department announced in March 2018 that it would continue to staff its embassy in Havana at the minimum level required to perform "core diplomatic and consular functions"; the embassy had been operating under "ordered departure status" since September

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Within this range, the report examined several factors derived from the incident reports as a whole, but focusing on the 10–20% of the incidents not easily explainable by everyday causes. These factors include the ability to create an RF beam that can: be focused to a degree consistent with the

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and convened by the Cuban government reported that "the narrative of the 'mysterious syndrome' is not scientifically acceptable in any of its components." The panel addressed the microwave hypothesis directly, writing, "No known form of energy can selectively cause brain damage (with laser-like

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Many current and former U.S. officials stated that Russia was likely responsible for the alleged attacks, a suspicion shared by both Trump and Biden administration officials. This view was shared by CIA analysts on Russia, State Department officials, outside science experts, and several of the

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investigation found that the State Department had "produced inconsistent assessments of patients and events, ignored outside medical diagnoses and withheld basic information from Congress". Despite the general view within the U.S. government that Russia was responsible, two U.S. officials told

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News that the recordings the JASON report analyzed could not represent actual cases of Havana syndrome, since sound recorders cannot record microwaves. The JASON report also concluded, "It cannot be ruled out that while the perceived sounds, while not harmful, are introduced by an adversary as

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reported that at least two additional U.S. diplomats stationed at the Guangzhou consulate had been evacuated from China and reported that "it remains unclear whether the illnesses are the result of attacks at all. Other theories have included toxins, listening devices that accidentally emitted

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that people are waiting for". Also in September, it was reported that multiple anecdotes from various Western diplomats stationed overseas, including in Russia, describe mysterious ailments during past decades that might be due to microwave devices. Also in September, a panel of 16 scientists

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reported that in its 2023 Assessment, government officials said: "There is no one explanation for these incidents. Instead, there are many different possible causes including environmental as well as social factors and preexisting medical conditions." The officials also told CNN that "The

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After the reports of the incident at The Ellipse nearby the White House in Washington, Defense Department investigators briefed members of Congress, even though it occurred within the U.S.; this was because the DoD investigation was more advanced than the FBI or the intelligence community

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In October 2021, it was reported that an unclassified NSA report from 2014 indicated a hostile country in the 1990s possessed a "high powered microwave system weapon that may have the ability to weaken, intimidate or kill an enemy over time and without leaving evidence". Also in October,

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The Cuban government offered to cooperate with the U.S. in an investigation of the incidents. It employed about 2,000 scientists and law enforcement officers who interviewed 300 neighbors of diplomats, examined two hotels, and medically examined non-diplomats who could have been exposed.

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compiled by the patients' neuropsychologists and other physicians, who had already ruled out mass psychogenic illness, noting that "many of the victims didn't know about the other people who were sick, and their bodies couldn't have feigned some of the symptoms they were exhibiting."

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research's "gross methodological flaws" and registering concern that it had been published. In the board's view, "Allowing such confused and conflicting explanations of methodology and analysis to pass unchallenged is a slippery path for science, and dangerous for society at large".

1014:, who represented almost a dozen clients who had also become ill under similar circumstances, said that Polymeropoulos was the only one of his clients who had received treatment at Walter Reed, with others obtaining treatment only from personal doctors or academic medical centers. 1220:, and State Department, which conducted separate and "largely siloed" investigations. The limited coordination among the agencies was due in part to "the highly classified nature of some details and the privacy restrictions of health records, and that has hampered progress". 1362:) said in 2021 that it was working with Burns and the CIA on connection with the investigation, saying, "We have already held fact finding hearings on these debilitating attacks, many of which result in medically confirmed cases of Traumatic Brain Injury, and will do more." 4666: 8763: 193:

issued an interim assessment concluding that the syndrome is not the result of "a sustained global campaign by a hostile power." Foreign involvement was ruled out in 976 cases of the 1,000 reviewed. In February 2022, the State Department released a report by the

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National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Standing Committee to Advise the Department of State on Unexplained Health Effects on U.S. Government Employees and Their Families at Overseas Embassies (2020). Relman, David A.; Pavlin, Julie A. (eds.).

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rather than a "novel clinical entity". They cite the vagueness and inconsistency of symptoms as well as the circumstances they developed in (affected staff would have been under significant stress as the U.S. had just reopened its embassy in Cuba) as a cause.

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On February 1, 2022, a declassified US intelligence report (IC Experts Panel on Anomalous Health Incidents) called pulsed electromagnetic energy and ultrasound plausible causes and said that concealable devices exist that could produce the observed symptoms.

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In December 2020, the CIA established a task force to investigate. The agency set up the task force after continued reports of debilitating attacks against CIA officers in various places around the world. The CIA expanded its investigation under Director

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In August 2017, reports began surfacing that American and Canadian diplomatic personnel in Cuba had experienced unusual, unexplained health problems dating to late 2016. As of June 2018, the number of American citizens experiencing symptoms was 26.

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possibility, although slight, that exposure to insecticides, particularly OPs, increased susceptibility to the triggering factor(s) that caused the Embassy personnel cases". NASEM also found it "highly unlikely" that an infectious disease (such as

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and convened by the Cuban government addressed the microwave hypothesis, writing, "No known form of energy can selectively cause brain damage (with laser-like spatial accuracy) under the conditions described for the alleged incidents in Havana."

812:; (2) the signs and symptoms the diplomats reported matched symptoms from RF/MW exposure (problems with sleep, cognition, vision, balance, speech; headaches; sensations of pressure or vibration; nosebleeds; brain injury and brain swelling); (3) " 1655:, passed by Congress in December 2021, included a section directing the president to designate a senior official as "anomalous health incidents interagency coordinator" to oversee efforts across the federal government and to coordinate with the 5515: 1365:

In September 2021, the BBC wrote the syndrome has "a real impact on the country's ability to operate overseas", reporting that one official called the deciphering of the cause "the most difficult intelligence challenge they have ever faced".

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summarized the results by saying, "The finding undercuts a years-long narrative, propped up by more than a thousand reports from government employees, that a foreign adversary used pulsed electro-magnetic energy waves to sicken Americans."

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deception so as to mask an entirely unrelated mode of causing illness." The report also concluded that while the cause of the condition was unknown, "psychogenic effects may serve to explain important components of the reported injuries".

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of ferrets; the Department of Defense described the project as an attempt to "develop and test a novel laboratory animal model to mimic mild concussive head injury" similar to those reported by the embassy personnel in Havana and China.

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stated it was collaborating with American investigators. Aside from Havana, Vienna has reported the most incidents. While no suspects were named for the Vienna cases, it has been noted that Vienna was hosting indirect talks between the

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the reported medical effects." The group determined with "high confidence" that the two videos were sounds from the Indies short-tailed cricket, and also noted a "low confidence" hypothesis that the noises may have been from a

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The HAVANA Act gives an untaxed lump-sum payment of up to one year's full salary ($ 187,300 for higher-ranking employees) to government employees that provide evidence of neurological injury. The payment is in addition to

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published in August 2022 by Asadi-Pooya AA explored the scientific literature on Havana syndrome, proposing several possible causes for the condition. The review stated that a plausible explanation given was the use of a

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One of the CIA officials with symptoms in Australia and Taiwan was one of the agency's top five officials. The Russian embassy in Australia dismissed reports of Russian operatives targeting CIA personnel in Australia.

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in Vienna (the top U.S. intelligence officer in the country) was recalled over concerns over his management; he had been criticized for not taking quicker action in response to the Havana syndrome cases at his post.

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After the incident was made public, the Cuban foreign minister accused the U.S. of lying about the incident and denied Cuban involvement in or knowledge of the cause of the health problems the diplomats experienced.

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conducted a "Cuba Unexplained Events Investigation". The two-year investigation of the medical records of 95 American diplomats and family members in Havana who reported symptoms resulted in a final report, marked

820:. The Moscow Signal was inferred to be a Soviet espionage technique that might have also had health effects. Neuroscientist Allan H. Frey, for whom the Frey effect is named, considers the microwave theory viable. 2159: 1541:

interview, he maintained that "these events were perpetrated either by foreign actors, or it is an experiment gone horribly wrong". He suggested that the truth was "buried in the information they've classified".

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of the National Security Archive noted that the 2018 report concluded that the department's "initial investigation assessment of what was going on" was marred by chaos, disorganization, and excessive secrecy.

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Starting in early 2018, U.S. diplomats in China began reporting symptoms consistent with Havana syndrome. The first such incident was reported by an American diplomat in China in April 2018 at the

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Are the events known as anomalous health incidents (AHI) truly anomalous? In other words, is there a unique cluster of symptoms that exceed their prevalence in a comparable background population?

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the CIA director and the secretary of state to provide financial support for personnel with brain injuries. The bill passed the House and Senate unanimously and was signed into law by president

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not publicly accused Russia; U.S. intelligence officials privately call the events "attacks" but publicly call them "anomalous health incidents". According to two officials interviewed by

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provides a documented mechanism of RF/MW injury compatible with reported signs and symptoms"; and (4) in the past, the U.S. embassy in Moscow was subject to a microwave beam called the

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happened while the diplomats were either at home or in hotel rooms. Other people nearby (including family members and guests in neighboring rooms) did not experience the same symptoms.

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investigation resulted in an April 2020 determination that there was "a substantial likelihood of wrongdoing" by State Department leadership. Mark Lenzi, who was a State Department

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It is being called Havana syndrome and officials in Canada and the United States, where more than 20 diplomats have been affected, are trying to identify the cause of the injuries.

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reviewed thousands of possible cases of Havana syndrome. The reported stated that there continues to be scientific debate about whether a weapon could produce such health effects.

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blaming the Cuban government, and would not say who was to blame. Affected people described symptoms such as hearing loss, memory loss, and nausea. Speculation centered around a

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analyzed audio recordings made by American personnel in Havana during incidents associated with Havana syndrome. The conclusion was that the sounds were the calling song of the

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Beginning in 2022, several major studies were published with none finding any evidence of the reported conditions being the result of actions by a hostile power; some cited

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Stubbs, Alexander L.; Montealegre-Z, Fernando (2019). "Recording of 'sonic attacks' on U.S. diplomats in Cuba spectrally matches the echoing call of a Caribbean cricket".

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Cuba who reported ailments were working to increase cooperation with those countries, and some CIA analysts voiced suspicion Russia thus sought to derail their work.

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testified that U.S. diplomatic staff in Guangzhou had reported symptoms "very similar" to, and "entirely consistent" with, those reported from Cuba. On June 6, 2018,

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requests. (Some material in the released report was redacted for medical privacy reasons.) The CDC developed a "case definition" of Havana syndrome, consisting of a

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from multiple inaudible ultrasonic signals—from malfunctioning or improperly placed Cuban surveillance equipment could have been the origin of the reported sounds.

11259: 11254: 11249: 11227: 9235: 9125: 9075: 6226: 2822: 4307: 4255: 3458: 2933: 2794: 1602:", and that telephone and travel data pinpointing the locations of these agents correlated with the timings and locations of Havana syndrome incidents worldwide. 1335:

In November 2021, Secretary of State Blinken appointed two senior U.S. diplomats to oversee the department's internal Health Incident Response Task Force: career

853:, bioengineers Kenneth R. Foster, and Andrei G. Pakhomov, and UCLA neurologist Robert Baloh, said that the microwave hypothesis was implausible; Baloh called the 11387: 11266: 9757: 9677: 8512: 7416: 5560: 1652: 600: 3702: 3433: 2332: 11499: 9767: 8046: 7931: 7797: 5880: 3171: 6935: 3361: 2902: 779:". While some of those affected recovered swiftly, others had symptoms for months. The study concluded that "the diplomats appear to have sustained injury to 11177: 10926: 7426: 4992: 4954: 2955: 219:

and hearing loss occurred in one-third of cases, and dizziness or unsteady gait affected one-quarter. Physical examinations have revealed abnormalities with

138:

that lasted for months, such as balance and cognitive problems, insomnia, and headaches. The first cases were reported by U.S. and Canadian embassy staff in

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Beginning in late 2017, suspected attacks targeting U.S. intelligence personnel were reported in an expanding set of locations around the world, including

6257: 5839: 11616: 8924: 4427: 3755: 3095: 2848: 2079: 1656: 512: 5137: 5090: 4835: 3894: 2274: 10936: 10921: 10638: 10349: 10074: 9752: 8392: 8191: 7294: 7279: 7067: 6674: 3821: 4697: 3852: 3384: 3325: 1620:

several U.S. Senators called for further investigations into the causes of the anomalous health incidents. Anomalous health incidents' victims lawyer

11554: 11303: 10983: 10425: 10129: 10122: 8846: 8669: 8641: 8631: 8034: 5665: 4557: 1236:

also took part), Spratlen did not take a position on whether the syndrome was psychogenic, a response that affected diplomats called "invalidating".

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members. Some reports, after investigation, were determined to be possibly related to Havana syndrome, while others were determined to be unrelated;

234:

that last for months, such as balance and cognitive problems, insomnia, and headaches. The longevity of symptoms is not yet clear, and they are less

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by Beatrice Alexandra Golomb rejected the idea that a sonic attack was the source of the symptoms and concluded that the facts were consistent with

10872: 10533: 10018: 10008: 8684: 8679: 7946: 7230: 6586: 5582: 451:

reported in 2021 that "One former official reckons around half the cases reported by US officials are possibly linked to attacks by an adversary."

5441: 4333: 3012: 808:(RF/MW) exposure. Golomb wrote that (1) the nature of the noises the diplomats reported was consistent with sounds caused by pulsed RF/MW via the 9058: 8664: 8582: 6183: 6151: 6117: 2111: 3291: 1294:

established two outside panels, one to investigate possible causes and the other to develop defensive countermeasures for personnel protection;

10800: 10064: 9959: 9506: 8861: 8402: 8001: 7976: 7115: 5670: 5355: 4190: 4077: 569:

in April 2021. Investigators told members of Congress that they had not been able to determine the cause of the events or who was responsible.

6093: 2609: 2053:"Unraveling Havana Syndrome: New evidence links the GRU's assassination Unit 29155 to mysterious attacks on U.S. officials and their families" 11428: 11099: 10054: 10044: 9727: 9385: 8689: 7996: 7951: 7891: 3640: 3224: 3193: 3037: 6121: 5960: 4592: 11544: 11392: 11114: 10963: 10951: 9544: 9460: 9245: 7901: 1007: 628:, Germany, including from two U.S. officials who sought medical treatment. Several new cases were reported at the embassy in October 2021. 6738: 6444: 6407: 3725: 2516: 2431: 1474:

is a plausible cause for AHIs, based in part on the findings of the IC Expert Panel and the results of research by some US laboratories."

178:

could not determine the cause of the symptoms; however, U.S. intelligence and government officials expressed suspicions to the press that

11686: 11666: 11587: 11192: 10865: 10778: 9782: 9737: 9732: 9588: 8557: 7324: 7223: 6878: 6529: 5733: 5234: 1884: 1535:, founder of the James Madison Project, who represents some Havana syndrome patients, disputed the report's conclusions. In a March 2023 959: 794:, said in an interview that microwaves were "considered a main suspect" underlying the phenomenon. A 2018 study published in the journal 759: 6822: 6039: 11671: 11509: 11459: 11060: 10376: 10144: 9934: 8575: 5067: 3875: 1821: 1217: 1171: 920: 720: 1444:

greater than 30 GHz. This left the region of RF energy in the 500 MHz to 30 GHz range, which was not easily ruled out.

11676: 10847: 10151: 10023: 9952: 9792: 9574: 9450: 8299: 8186: 7971: 7166: 4132: 2728:

Hurley, Dan (March 22, 2018). "The Mystery Behind Neurological Symptoms Among US Diplomats in Cuba: Lots of Questions, Few Answers".

1521:'Havana Syndrome' resulted from an attack by a foreign agent, and its top scientists in 2021 found no evidence of such allegations." 5903: 2026: 11681: 11464: 11313: 11055: 11005: 10628: 9822: 9410: 8696: 7921: 7883: 7362: 7342: 7156: 7013: 6697: 6014: 2346:

collect intelligence from their computers and cell phones, and that these devices can cause serious harm to the people they target.

6556:

Dieckmann, Cornelius; Dobrokhotov, Roman; Grozev, Christo; Lüdke, Steffen; Schadwinkel, Alina; Schmid, Fidelius (March 31, 2024).

6280: 5812: 1598:, known for undertaking foreign operations, received awards and promotions for work related to the development and deployment of " 10995: 10773: 9100: 9001: 8876: 8649: 8417: 7608: 7284: 6061: 4159: 3479: 3352:"The Mystery of the Havana Syndrome: Unexplained brain injuries afflicted dozens of American diplomats and spies. What happened?" 3144: 1283: 2672: 1794: 11149: 10946: 10475: 10413: 9860: 9358: 9310: 9204: 9184: 8011: 7458: 7062: 5937: 5772: 5475: 4368:"Neurological Manifestations Among US Government Personnel Reporting Directional Audible and Sensory Phenomena in Havana, Cuba" 4047: 2871: 1645: 5695: 2986: 11438: 11372: 11318: 11288: 11172: 11162: 10668: 9742: 9549: 9333: 8881: 8636: 7688: 7411: 7171: 6909: 5538: 5396: 3545: 6614: 5797: 5324: 5282: 3986: 3932: 3579: 11661: 11606: 11157: 11077: 11072: 10931: 10227: 10028: 10013: 9179: 9110: 8790: 8387: 8306: 7700: 7653: 7314: 7309: 7289: 3954: 2764: 1854: 978:

alleged victims. Russia has a history of researching, developing, and using weapons that cause brain injuries, such as the

625: 595:, including diplomats, intelligence officials, and some children of U.S. employees, had Havana syndrome-like symptoms. The 581: 289: 6642: 6373: 3609: 1644:

introduced a bill (S. 1828), cosponsored by a bipartisan group of nine other senators, that would close a loophole in the

189:

factors, environmental causes, or pre-existing medical conditions as possible causes of the disease. In January 2022, the

11651: 11367: 10916: 10633: 10339: 9787: 9762: 9164: 8851: 8654: 7956: 7304: 7274: 7205: 7006: 6530:"Havana Syndrome mystery continues as a lead military investigator says bar for proof was set impossibly high - CBS News" 5014: 4216: 1609:

dismissed the report as "nothing more than baseless, unfounded accusations by the media." In response to the report, the

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CIA station chief in Vienna recalled amid criticism of management and handling of mysterious 'Havana Syndrome' incidents

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United States House Select Committee on Strategic Competition between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party

9559: 9465: 9365: 9225: 8871: 8626: 8039: 7991: 7598: 7253: 4297: 4247: 3455: 2929: 1771: 897: 613: 5519:

Consensus Study Report: An Assessment of Illness in U.S. Government Employees and Their Families at Overseas Embassies

485:, reported a different incident in September 2017; the employee's report was discounted by the U.S. State Department. 11641: 11474: 10296: 10190: 10003: 9554: 9518: 8741: 8605: 8472: 8367: 8016: 7896: 7093: 6249: 6192: 6162: 6128: 5349: 3694: 3523: 3423: 2322: 1291: 679: 639: 596: 284: 6847: 5870: 3167: 11549: 11529: 10501: 9982: 9847: 9635: 9528: 9375: 9152: 8497: 8255: 8143: 8006: 7851: 7678: 7568: 7563: 7108: 6788: 3351: 1735: 1420:

On February 10, 2022, the State Department released unclassified portions of a report it had commissioned from the

672: 10369: 10317: 2080:"Explained: CIA officer on India trip reports Havana Syndrome; what is known about its symptoms and causes so far" 11636: 11539: 11494: 11109: 10359: 10161: 9874: 9797: 9662: 9380: 8996: 8965: 8372: 8136: 8026: 7926: 7763: 7695: 7176: 6711: 4731: 3679: 2359: 562: 489: 6773: 4614:

Cortex Editorial Board (November 2018). "Responsibility of neuropsychologists: The case of the 'sonic attack'".

3257: 11611: 11212: 10139: 9853: 9430: 8991: 8856: 8746: 8487: 8397: 8345: 8164: 7981: 7751: 7391: 7347: 7141: 5696:"Scientists Are Slamming A Report Saying Microwave Attacks Could Have Caused 'Havana Syndrome' In US Diplomats" 3120:

In court filing, Canadian government argues diplomats exaggerated 'Havana Syndrome' claims behind $ 28M lawsuit

2022: 1617: 994: 566: 5283:"CIA launches task force to probe invisible attacks on US diplomats and spies as one victim finds some relief" 4419: 3092: 1186:

event) consisted of one or more of the following symptoms: head pressure, disorientation, nausea or headache,

338:

2017, but the status was set to expire. This announcement served to extend the staff reductions indefinitely.

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said that the investigation had "gotten closer" to making a determination, "but not close enough to make the

757:

researchers examined 21 affected diplomats posted to Cuba, and the preliminary results were published in the

353: 199: 10586: 8764:

Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation between the United States of America and the Republic of China

11534: 11187: 11104: 10678: 9777: 9692: 9415: 9038: 8701: 8357: 8350: 8338: 8213: 8208: 7736: 7436: 7181: 5522: 5147: 5098: 4689: 3848: 3317: 1704: 1462: 1163: 796: 772: 712: 11342: 11139: 10753: 10291: 10232: 9895: 9837: 9722: 9712: 9496: 9213: 8948: 8422: 8377: 7780: 7623: 7485: 7146: 6156:"IC Targeting and Collection Efforts Point Away From Adversary Involvement in Anomalous Health Incidents" 4883:"U.S. diplomats in Cuba have unusual brain syndrome, but there's no proof they were attacked, study says" 1610: 1489: 1397: 1287: 1031: 1027: 998: 905: 538: 534: 190: 175: 5788:"Report Points to Microwave 'Attack' as Likely Source of Mystery Illnesses That Hit Diplomats and Spies" 5591:"New Report Assesses Illnesses Among U.S. Government Personnel and Their Families at Overseas Embassies" 3201: 1190:, or auditory or visual syndromes. The second phase of symptoms, occurring sometime later, consisted of 11484: 11217: 10683: 10470: 10445: 10364: 9832: 8953: 8936: 8785: 8457: 8382: 8316: 8169: 8051: 7817: 7758: 7658: 7603: 7036: 3048: 2543:

IC Targeting and Collection Efforts Point Away From Adversary Involvement in Anomalous Health Incidents

1412:, described as "a multi-domain assessment that should be used to evaluate patients for potential AHI". 955: 787: 754: 705: 553:

In 2019, a White House official reported experiencing debilitating symptoms while walking her dog in a

377:

reported that Cuban officials stated that they analyzed air and soil samples and considered a range of

1972: 1667:

In 2021, Congress passed the Helping American Victims Afflicted by Neurological Attacks (HAVANA) Act,

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said he believed that Cuba was responsible for the occurrences, calling them a "very unusual attack".

11469: 11347: 11167: 10743: 10591: 10511: 10156: 9827: 9772: 9682: 9652: 8827: 8759:

Treaty between the United States and China for the Relinquishment of Extraterritorial Rights in China

8502: 8412: 8362: 8294: 8289: 8121: 8086: 7588: 7332: 6986: 5143: 5094: 1756: 1316: 1307: 1295: 1167: 780: 716: 391: 5660: 5341:

Havana Syndrome: Mass Psychogenic Illness and the Real Story Behind the Embassy Mystery and Hysteria

4181: 4069: 1039:

Havana Syndrome: Mass Psychogenic Illness and the Real Story Behind the Embassy Mystery and Hysteria

11397: 11067: 10956: 10648: 10576: 10564: 10408: 10107: 10079: 9270: 9265: 8477: 8462: 8442: 7961: 7827: 7770: 7583: 7421: 7381: 7057: 6591: 5765:"'Sonic attacks' suffered by US diplomats likely caused by microwave energy, government study says" 1766: 1680: 1591: 1379: 954:

reported that U.S. diplomats and intelligence officers, including senior leaders, had clashed with

936: 776: 557:; the incident was publicly reported in 2020. In November 2020, a similar incident was reported on 186: 179: 6670:"Silent Weapons: Examining Foreign Anomalous Health Incidents Targeting Americans In The Homeland" 6587:"Senior DOD official experienced 'Havana syndrome' symptoms at NATO summit in July, Pentagon says" 215:

ear pain, diffuse head pain, and cognitive problems such as forgetfulness and poor concentration.

11646: 11514: 11124: 11087: 10978: 10829: 10768: 10738: 9909: 9697: 9169: 8907: 8250: 8159: 8131: 8106: 8056: 7839: 7731: 7480: 7470: 7369: 7083: 5968: 5813:"State Department names senior official to lead response to mysterious 'Havana syndrome' attacks" 4588: 4248:"Study: Malfunctioning Surveillance Gear, Not Sonic Weapons, Could Explain Cuba Embassy 'Attack'" 1606: 1336: 1125: 1925:

Asadi-Pooya AA (December 2023). "Havana syndrome: a scoping review of the existing literature".

1712:

also reported that the U.S. Department of Defense had recently tested RF waves on primates. The

727:. The documents indicate that the State Department botched the handling of the initial reports. 11524: 11298: 11013: 10795: 10618: 9867: 9802: 9702: 9501: 9435: 9405: 9080: 8126: 8066: 7906: 7618: 7533: 7463: 6408:"'Havana syndrome' not caused by energy weapon or foreign adversary, intelligence review finds" 2830: 2509:"'Havana syndrome' not caused by energy weapon or foreign adversary, intelligence review finds" 1700: 1629: 1599: 1590:

published an investigative report claiming that the syndrome was possibly caused by actions of

1421: 1299: 1257: 1198:

because of the length of time between the event and the onset of symptoms, which could lead to

1195: 1113: 913: 866: 697: 252: 195: 56: 8795: 5614:

Hubler, Graham K.; Hoffman, Stuart W.; Andreadis, Tim D.; DePalma, Ralph G. (August 4, 2020).

5380:

An Assessment of Illness in U.S. Government Employees and Their Families at Overseas Embassies

4955:"Sonic attack or mass paranoia? New evidence stokes debate over diplomats' mysterious illness" 3063:"Ailing Canadian diplomats who served in Cuba have 'visible and real' health impacts, Trudeau" 974:

that Haspel was not convinced of Russia's responsibility, or even whether an attack occurred.

390:

U.S. diplomats' homes to conduct tests. In 2021, a panel of 16 scientists affiliated with the

11631: 11626: 11621: 11402: 11293: 11092: 10733: 10708: 10653: 10613: 9455: 9445: 9440: 9353: 9258: 9189: 9011: 8931: 8902: 8816: 8407: 8321: 7846: 7832: 7726: 7716: 7683: 7643: 7633: 7613: 7553: 7386: 7352: 7337: 7088: 6374:"Foreign Adversaries 'Very Unlikely' to Blame for Havana Syndrome, Intelligence Review Finds" 6029: 4986: 2057: 1746: 1573: 1019: 925: 901: 879: 801: 737: 724: 382: 348: 10247: 11207: 11028: 11023: 11018: 10783: 10569: 10518: 10506: 10327: 10286: 10252: 10217: 10059: 9647: 9348: 9285: 9218: 9006: 8539: 8525: 8311: 8176: 7941: 7911: 7856: 7822: 7775: 7648: 7558: 6343:"Exclusive: Declassified report suggests 'Havana syndrome' could result from energy weapon" 6312:"Rubio rejects intelligence finding that 'Havana syndrome' not linked to foreign adversary" 5576: 4919: 4861: 4763:"Special Report: Inside a Trump-era purge of military scientists at a legendary think tank" 1133: 1030:, who took office in 2021; Burns appointed a senior CIA officer who had previously led the 482: 8800: 4010:"Russia issues extraordinary statement over reports CIA agents were attacked in Australia" 8: 11570: 10528: 10435: 10386: 10322: 10264: 10195: 9642: 9305: 9115: 9105: 9085: 8986: 8960: 8941: 8839: 8810: 8736: 8532: 8437: 8427: 8091: 7807: 7401: 6615:"Senators call for renewed Havana Syndrome assessment after 60 Minutes report - CBS News" 4910:

Stone, Richard (December 8, 2017). "Cuban panel claims stress caused mystery illnesses".

3794: 2018: 1311: 1121: 828: 805: 693: 260: 256: 7511: 4923: 2586: 2561: 689:

reported that a non-public FBI report found no evidence of an intentional sonic attack.

10763: 10718: 10658: 10274: 10257: 10178: 10134: 10089: 10049: 9707: 9687: 9564: 9425: 9275: 9135: 8726: 8482: 8452: 7628: 7516: 7187: 6993: 5875: 5792: 5642: 5615: 5552: 5410: 5210: 4732:"A Declassified State Department Report Says Microwaves Didn't Cause 'Havana Syndrome'" 4639: 4534: 4477: 4392: 4367: 4302: 2745: 2364: 1668: 1470:

foreign involvement was "unlikely", and the seventh agency declined to make a finding.

1278: 1224: 1129: 950: 932: 498: 395:

spatial accuracy) under the conditions described for the alleged incidents in Havana."

64: 6223:"US intelligence community cannot link 'Havana Syndrome' cases to a foreign adversary" 5961:"Secretary of State Blinken appoints two diplomats to lead 'Havana Syndrome' response" 4465: 4189:(Technical report). University of Michigan. March 1, 2018. Tech Report CSE-TR-001-18. 4167: 3480:"Member of CIA chief's team reported Havana syndrome symptoms on recent trip to India" 3136: 2741: 519:, after incidents of Havana syndrome were reported. These reported cases also delayed 11357: 11283: 10748: 10549: 10391: 10354: 9842: 9817: 9717: 9569: 9395: 8914: 8778: 8731: 8721: 8467: 8447: 8181: 8101: 8076: 7668: 7521: 7396: 6796: 6415: 6381: 5647: 5556: 5544: 5534: 5414: 5402: 5392: 5345: 5215: 5197: 4935: 4643: 4631: 4526: 4518: 4481: 4469: 4397: 4366:

Swanson II, Randel L.; Hampton, Stephen; Green-McKenzie, Judith; et al. (2018).

2591: 2470: 2119: 2000: 1992: 1942: 1822:"White House investigating 'unexplained health incidents' similar to Havana syndrome" 1481:

investigative efforts were 'extremely aggressive' and involved 'a high degree of risk

1340: 1232:

with affected employees. During the call with employees (in which Secretary of State

1191: 1187: 965:

and State Department leaders, over the nature and causes of the suspected attacks. A

554: 231: 220: 171: 167: 135: 10758: 10581: 6474: 5933: 5467: 5442:"'Havana Syndrome' likely caused by pulsed microwave energy, government study finds" 4538: 4217:"Computer scientists may have solved the mystery behind the 'sonic attacks' in Cuba" 4039: 3790:"Controversy surrounds research on State Department employees sickened in 'attacks'" 2749: 1703:

for a study to expose 48 ferrets to RF waves, comparing the effects to those from a

541:

reported symptoms consistent with those of Havana syndrome on a diplomatic visit to

511:

In August 2021, it was reported that two American diplomats were evacuated from the

11202: 11050: 10808: 10698: 10491: 10237: 10185: 10117: 10112: 9916: 9657: 9625: 9130: 9090: 9048: 8805: 8768: 7916: 7663: 7374: 6975: 5637: 5627: 5526: 5384: 5205: 5189: 4962: 4927: 4890: 4828:"The Sounds That Haunted U.S. Diplomats in Cuba? Lovelorn Crickets, Scientists Say" 4623: 4508: 4461: 4387: 4379: 3847:

Wright, Jasmine; Liptak, Kevin; Diamond, Jeremy; Sullivan, Kate (August 24, 2021).

3822:"Two U.S. diplomats to be evacuated from Vietnam after "Havana Syndrome" incidents" 2737: 2581: 2573: 1984: 1934: 1720:

demanded that the Pentagon end live-animal testing in relation to Havana syndrome.

1344: 1175: 837: 813: 686: 655: 654:

In October 2021, it was reported that U.S. embassy personnel and their families in

624:

In the months preceding August 2021, cases of Havana syndrome were reported at the

412: 211: 159: 131: 6970: 4931: 4452:

Nelson R (December 2021). "Havana syndrome might be the result of energy pulses".

11564: 11362: 11323: 11197: 11134: 10973: 10968: 10822: 10554: 10496: 10381: 10173: 9672: 9667: 9630: 9610: 9511: 9481: 9317: 9159: 9033: 8897: 8492: 8223: 7802: 7790: 7746: 7506: 7406: 6034: 5339: 4627: 3978: 3961: 3924: 3462: 3099: 3044: 2956:"Trump says Cuba 'responsible' for alleged sonic attacks, but offers no evidence" 2826: 2247: 2241:

CIA Recalls Vienna Station Chief In Move Related to Handling of 'Havana Syndrome'

2216: 2163: 1988: 1384: 1179: 1070: 1062: 850: 585: 6696:. No. 109. American Institute of Physics. December 15, 2021. Archived from 4659:"Scientists and doctors zap theory that microwave weapon injured Cuba diplomats" 4558:"Long before Havana Syndrome, the U.S. reported microwaves beamed at an embassy" 3876:"Havana Syndrome linked to Russian military agency GRU, investigation indicates" 134:

onset of symptoms associated with a perceived localised loud sound, followed by

11559: 11237: 11082: 10713: 9390: 9253: 9053: 8981: 8822: 8279: 8272: 8116: 8081: 7741: 7721: 7638: 7475: 7357: 7121:

Chinese government interference in the 2019 and 2021 Canadian federal elections

6766:"Biden Signs Legislation to Compensate Victims of Mysterious 'Havana Syndrome'" 5133: 3785: 3428: 3389: 3356: 3013:"Blood and bureaucracy: Inside Canada's panicked response to 'Havana syndrome'" 2903:"US stops issuing visas in Cuba, cuts embassy staff, urges no travel to island" 2327: 1625: 1595: 1514: 1233: 1203: 1183: 1074: 1058: 775:

of the same age, but described "a new syndrome in the diplomats that resembles

728: 682: 516: 408: 247: 6879:"The Pentagon is funding experiments on animals to recreate 'Havana Syndrome'" 6643:"Congress hears testimony on Russia's sonic attacks on US officials in Havana" 5616:"Pulsed Microwave Energy Transduction of Acoustic Phonon Related Brain Injury" 3641:"Uzbekistan incident raises suspicions of Russian involvement in Cuba attacks" 2577: 2395:"CIA says 'Havana Syndrome' not result of sustained campaign by hostile power" 1508:

Following release of the March 2023 report, Trump's national security adviser

1178:(two-stage) syndrome. The first phase of symptoms (sometimes closely after an 11600: 11352: 11038: 10900: 10815: 10788: 10559: 10455: 10403: 10398: 10344: 9987: 9620: 9522: 9400: 9300: 9295: 9290: 8773: 8610: 8328: 8111: 7861: 7593: 7258: 6800: 6419: 6385: 6094:"TBICoE: Anomalous Health Incident (AHI) Acute Assessment Training 2022–2023" 6062:"Havana Syndrome could be caused by pulsed energy devices – US expert report" 5632: 5201: 5193: 5019: 4522: 4298:"U.S. Diplomats and Spies Battle Trump Administration Over Suspected Attacks" 3672:"Pompeo Says Mysterious Sickness Among Diplomats in Cuba Has Spread to China" 3385:"Ottawa doctor treating Canadian diplomats with mysterious 'Havana syndrome'" 2123: 1996: 1761: 1713: 1641: 1329: 1159: 1041:, was published; it argued in support of the psychogenic illness hypothesis. 983: 817: 675: 617: 605: 523: 235: 10069: 7432:

Great Lakes–Saint Lawrence River Basin Sustainable Water Resources Agreement

6475:"Havana syndrome: Report links mystery illness to Russian intelligence unit" 6007:"Reports of possible 'Havana syndrome' attacks are now documented in the US" 4966: 4895: 4882: 4365: 3695:"Pompeo says China incident 'entirely consistent' with Cuba 'sonic attacks'" 2360:"Most 'Havana Syndrome' Cases Unlikely Caused by Foreign Power, C.I.A. Says" 2210:

US investigating possible mysterious directed energy attack near White House

1938: 1648:

that would normally not cover damage to organs such as the brain and heart.

1396:

In January 2022, having performed a comprehensive study of 1,000 cases, the

11242: 10450: 10269: 10222: 10210: 10200: 9888: 9812: 9491: 9343: 9147: 9068: 9063: 8333: 8284: 8218: 8061: 7936: 7873: 7868: 7578: 7538: 7526: 7103: 6647: 6506: 6182: 6150: 6116: 6066: 5651: 5548: 5406: 5219: 5178:"Challenging the diagnosis of 'Havana Syndrome' as a novel clinical entity" 5177: 5015:"Medical Records Can't Explain "Havana Syndrome," A Buried CDC Report Says" 4939: 4635: 4530: 4473: 4401: 4383: 2614: 2595: 2004: 1946: 1826: 1751: 1325: 1054: 768: 530: 331: 319: 293: 139: 59:

is one of the locations where the syndrome has reportedly been experienced.

6281:"John Bolton chose not to brief Trump on Russia Havana syndrome suspicion" 6250:"Intel community bats down main theory behind 'Havana Syndrome' incidents" 4497:"Diplomats' Mystery Illness and Pulsed Radiofrequency/Microwave Radiation" 3895:"US investigating possible 'Havana syndrome' attack near White House: CNN" 3515: 3284:"Cuba blasts U.S. for years of disregarding evidence on 'Havana Syndrome'" 3038:"'Havana Syndrome' forces Canada to halve its diplomatic presence in Cuba" 1971:

Connolly, Matthew; Hawkshaw, Mary J.; Sataloff, Robert T. (July 1, 2024).

771:

tract abnormalities" in affected diplomats beyond what might be seen in a

11033: 10988: 10941: 10673: 10663: 10242: 10205: 10168: 9615: 9598: 9371:

United States–Hong Kong Agreement for the Surrender of Fugitive Offenders

9021: 8228: 6910:"PETA asks Pentagon to cease animal testing related to 'Havana syndrome'" 6690:"Congress Passes National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022" 6562: 5091:"CDC Report on the 'Havana Syndrome': Medical Mystery Remains Unresolved" 4513: 4496: 2475:"'Havana syndrome' not caused by foreign adversary, US intelligence says" 2265:"Russian spy unit suspected of directed-energy attacks on U.S. personnel" 2112:"Havana Syndrome Attacks Widen With CIA Officer's Evacuation From Serbia" 1740: 1585: 1525: 1513:

think Trump would support that theory due to his prior associations with

1509: 1359: 1355: 1199: 1066: 962: 809: 558: 493: 6502:"'Havana syndrome' linked to Russian unit, media investigation suggests" 2987:"US Embassy in Cuba to reduce staff indefinitely after 'health attacks'" 2820:

U.S. does not believe Cuba is behind sonic attacks on American diplomats

1795:"Anomalous Health Incidents and the Health Incident Response Task Force" 1493:

the largest and most intensive investigations in the agency's history."

11276: 10688: 10460: 10440: 10430: 10420: 10332: 10084: 9603: 9199: 8919: 8233: 8096: 8071: 7548: 7501: 5317:"Microwave weapons that could cause Havana Syndrome exist, experts say" 3546:"China Pledges to Investigate Fears of Sonic Attacks on U.S. Diplomats" 3456:

Austria probes reports of Havana Syndrome among US diplomats in Vienna.

2795:"At Least 16 U.S. Embassy Staff In Cuba Treated After 'Health Attacks'" 2646:"Cuban Diplomats Expelled After US Embassy Staff 'Incidents' In Havana" 2052: 1729: 1579: 1228: 1082: 701: 436: 432: 323: 264: 7447:

New England Governors and Eastern Canadian Premiers' Annual Conference

6764:

Barnes, Julian E.; Sanger, David E.; Rogers, Katie (October 8, 2021).

6737:

Martinez, Didi; Breslauer, Brenda; Lederman, Josh (December 8, 2020).

5840:"Diplomat overseeing 'Havana Syndrome' response is out after 6 months" 2051:

Dobrokhotov, Roman; Grozev, Christo; Weiss, Michael (March 31, 2024).

11479: 11443: 11423: 9593: 9580: 9421:

Taiwan Allies International Protection and Enhancement Initiative Act

9016: 8260: 7785: 7543: 6982: 5440:

Breslauer, Brenda; Dilanian, Ken; Lederman, Josh (December 5, 2020).

4420:"Microwave Weapons Are Prime Suspect in Ills of U.S. Embassy Workers" 3225:"Cubans Forcefully Reject Blame for U.S. Diplomats' Mystery Ailments" 3093:

Canadian Diplomats Sue Their Government Over Mysterious Cuban Disease

2671:

Connor, Tracy; Murray, Mary; Williams, Abigail (September 17, 2017).

2432:"An Analysis of Data and Hypotheses Related to the Embassy Incidents" 1849: 1696: 1672: 1621: 1537: 1532: 1401:

rule out foreign involvement in 24 cases, many of those from Havana.

1011: 883:

James Lin (a proponent of the microwave theory) wrote in an email to

467: 424: 224: 10604:

1999 Baltimore Orioles–Cuba national baseball team exhibition series

5468:"'Havana syndrome' likely caused by directed microwaves – US report" 3925:"'Havana syndrome'-like mystery illness affects Vienna US diplomats" 3849:"Possible Havana syndrome incident delayed Harris flight to Vietnam" 577: 11418: 10723: 10623: 10608: 9881: 8267: 6739:"10 senators propose new bill to help victims of 'Havana Syndrome'" 6619: 6534: 5843: 5530: 5388: 4866: 4334:"Fresh row over mysterious sickness affecting US diplomats in Cuba" 2269: 1743:, a late-19th to early-20th century name for a form of tropic fever 1496: 979: 884: 448: 428: 378: 216: 5984:"State Dept. names new team to oversee 'Havana Syndrome' response" 1085:, which was an epidemic in Cuba in 2016–17) caused the illnesses. 919:

In response to a December 2017 State Department request, the U.S.

711:

A 2018 State Department report was declassified and posted on the

599:

confirmed in July 2021 that it was investigating the reports. The

10693: 8432: 7299: 6449: 4100:"Tillerson to order new probe of Havana embassy health 'attacks'" 1003: 440: 386: 47: 6188:"DNI Statement on the Intelligence Community Assessment on AHIs" 5871:"Spy Agencies Turn to Scientists as They Wrestle With Mysteries" 5734:"New cases of 'Havana Syndrome' grow as cause remains a mystery" 3693:

Jiang, Steven; Westcott, Ben; Vazquez, Maegan (March 23, 2018).

3610:"US diplomats evacuated from China amid 'sonic attack' concerns" 2872:"How Canadian diplomats in Cuba are being acoustically attacked" 2699:"U.S. says another American suffers illness at its Cuba embassy" 1378:

After the initial reports of the incidents in Havana, the FBI's

10890: 10279: 7248: 7031: 6823:"Some Havana Syndrome Victims to Draw Six-Figure U.S. Payments" 6558:"Did Russian agents use microwave weapons against US diplomats" 6555: 2610:"Mystery of sonic weapon attacks at US embassy in Cuba deepens" 632: 592: 420: 416: 151: 6030:"What causes Havana Syndrome? Not foreign attackers, CIA says" 4183:

On Cuba, Diplomats, Ultrasound, and Intermodulation Distortion

4160:"Tillerson tells AP Cuba still risky; FBI doubts sonic attack" 2845:"Using sound to attack: The diverse world of acoustic devices" 1227:, a career foreign service officer, to oversee the department 631:

In 2021, the CIA evacuated an intelligence officer serving in

11383:

Defending Elections from Threats by Establishing Redlines Act

9043: 8835:

Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations

8600: 7812: 7041: 5613: 5377:

Relman, David A.; Pavlin, Julie A., eds. (December 5, 2020).

4589:"Editorial: Neurological Symptoms Among US Diplomats in Cuba" 3726:"'Sonic attack' fears as more US diplomats fall ill in China" 1049:

In December 2020, a study by an expert committee of the U.S.

542: 478: 155: 147: 143: 9903:

Stealth War: How China Took Over While America's Elite Slept

6848:"HAVANA Act - Authorized Payment Frequently Asked Questions" 5904:"Claims of Microwave Attacks Are Scientifically Implausible" 3580:"U.S. Diplomats Evacuated in China as Medical Mystery Grows" 9977: 9487:

United States-China Economic and Security Review Commission

8508:

Canadian television stations available in the United States

8239:

Movements for the annexation of Canada to the United States

3846: 1717: 1440:

population, small numbers, and generally low data quality.

1408:

In late 2022 the US Defense Health Agency issued Form 244,

609: 7967:

Canada–United States Consultative Committee on Agriculture

6445:"Kremlin dismisses report Russia behind 'Havana Syndrome'" 5176:

Bartholomew, Robert E; Baloh, Robert W (January 1, 2020).

4792:

Lederman, Josh; Weissenstein, Michael (October 12, 2017).

4690:"Is 'Havana Syndrome' an 'Act of War' or 'Mass Hysteria'?" 3979:"Havana syndrome: Berlin police probe cases at US embassy" 2930:"Trump blames Cuba for mysterious attacks on US diplomats" 742:

employee medical records also hindered the investigation.

658:, had developed symptoms consistent with Havana syndrome. 9195:

Alleged Chinese spy cases persecuted in the United States

9143:

Concerns over Chinese involvement in 5G wireless networks

6736: 5595:

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

5439: 4587:

Muth, Christopher C.; Lewis, Steven L. (March 20, 2018).

4133:"Retired ambassador to Libya to lead Cuba attacks review" 3483: 2673:"Victim of Cuba embassy 'attacks' frustrated by response" 2019:"FY2022 NDAA: Care for Anomalous Health Incident Victims" 1477: 1223:

In March 2021, the State Department appointed ambassador

1051:

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

374: 10729:

Cuban football players who defected to the United States

9281:

Development of Chinese Nationalist air force (1937–1945)

9236:

Chinese interference in the 2024 United States elections

9126:

Animal Science Products v. Hebei Welcome Pharmaceuticals

9076:

United States bombing of the Chinese embassy in Belgrade

5838:

Lederman, Josh; Breslauer, Brenda (September 22, 2021).

2441:. United States Department of State. February 10, 2022. 1970: 1306:

U.S. officials". Also in September, CIA Deputy Director

1298:

external scientists would be permitted to view relevant

635:

suspected of being a victim of the neurological attack.

11388:

Defending American Security from Kremlin Aggression Act

9678:

Air route authority between the United States and China

7417:

Agreement Concerning the Shipwrecked Vessel RMS Titanic

6872: 6870: 6868: 6789:"C.I.A. Begins Compensating Victims of Havana Syndrome" 5139:

Briefing Book #739: CDC Report on the 'Havana Syndrome'

4794:"Dangerous sound? What Americans heard in Cuba attacks" 4070:"The world this week, Oct 16th 2021 edition – Politics" 3137:"Cuba official accuses US of lying about sonic attacks" 1883:. Department of State. January 10, 2018. Archived from 1797:. United States Department of State. November 5, 2022. 1653:

National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022

935:

and Robert Baloh proposed that the syndrome represents

896:

In January 2019, biologists Alexander L. Stubbs of the

849:

As early as 2018, some scientists, including physicist

767:) in March 2018. The researchers found "no evidence of 11500:

United States military and prostitution in South Korea

11378:

Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act

9768:

Sino-American Joint Commission on Rural Reconstruction

7798:

Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Canadian procurement

7574:

1950 Rivière-du-Loup B-50 nuclear weapon loss incident

4613: 3756:"U.S. expands China health alert amid illness reports" 3454:

Hruby, Denise and Hansler, Jennifer. (July 19, 2021).

3194:"Statement by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Cuba" 2050: 1640:

In response to Havana syndrome, United States Senator

1628:, later testified on the subject of the report at the 1276:

Citing unnamed intelligence and government officials,

790:

study of 21 affected diplomats in Havana published in

82:

Sensation of intense pressure or vibration in the head

11178:

Itar-Tass Russian News Agency v. Russian Kurier, Inc.

8518:

United States television stations available in Canada

6936:"Letter from PETA to the Honorable Christine Wormuth" 5008: 5006: 5004: 5002: 4725: 4723: 4721: 4719: 4717: 4715: 4291: 4289: 4287: 4285: 4283: 4281: 4279: 4277: 4275: 4273: 3516:"'Havana syndrome' and the mystery of the microwaves" 3350:

Entous, Adam; Anderson, Jon Lee (November 19, 2018).

2316: 2314: 2312: 11267:

Donald Trump's disclosures of classified information

11233:

Links between Trump associates and Russian officials

9175:

United States Department of Defense China Task Force

7987:

FATCA agreement between Canada and the United States

7442:

United States Senate Committee on Canadian Relations

6865: 5060:

CUBA Unexplained Events Investigation - Final Report

4791: 4657:

Kaplan, Sarah; Achenbach, Joel (September 6, 2018).

4040:"Havana syndrome reported at US embassy in Colombia" 3692: 3473: 3471: 3417: 3415: 3345: 3343: 2670: 2310: 2308: 2306: 2304: 2302: 2300: 2298: 2296: 2294: 2292: 1675:

on October 8, 2021, becoming Public Law No. 117-46.

638:

Three White House staffers reported symptoms at the

9758:

National Committee on United States–China Relations

8925:

Allegations of biological warfare in the Korean War

6098:

DHA J-7 CEPO Continuing Education Management System

4859: 3248: 3246: 3223:Mitchell, Andrea; Murray, Mary (October 24, 2017). 1657:

White House Office of Science and Technology Policy

1616:Following the report, in a letter addressed to the 1559: 685:was chosen to lead the board. Also in January, the 10639:Coordination of United Revolutionary Organizations 9753:Kissinger Institute on China and the United States 7932:Canada–United States Automotive Products Agreement 7068:Consulate General of Canada in Hong Kong and Macao 6763: 6675:United States House Committee on Homeland Security 6221:Atwood, Kylie; Hansler, Jennifer (March 2, 2023). 6122:"Updated Assessment of Anomalous Health Incidents" 4999: 4712: 4591:. Vol. 319, no. 11. pp. 1098–1100. 4552: 4550: 4548: 4270: 3254:"Cuban scientists reject 'Havana Syndrome' claims" 2869: 2263:Seligman, Lara; Desiderio, Andrew (May 10, 2021). 2235: 2233: 2231: 2229: 2227: 2225: 1613:said that a "foreign adversary is very unlikely." 271:reactions that were lumped under a single label". 11555:United States and the Russian invasion of Ukraine 10984:Permanent Mission of Russia to the United Nations 10426:1996 shootdown of Brothers to the Rescue aircraft 10130:United States Senate Committee on Cuban Relations 10123:Monument to the Victims of the USS Maine (Havana) 9029:1946 United States Air Force C-47 Crash at Yan'an 8847:State visit by Deng Xiaoping to the United States 7427:Canada–United States Safe Third Country Agreement 6438: 6436: 6372:Barnes, Julian E.; Entous, Adam (March 1, 2023). 5837: 5338:Baloh, Robert W.; Bartholomew, Robert E. (2020). 4991:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 ( 4127: 4125: 3468: 3412: 3340: 3256:. Yahoo! News. September 13, 2021. Archived from 2289: 2262: 1973:"Havana syndrome: Overview for otolaryngologists" 11598: 11224:Russian interference in United States elections 10534:Trade Sanction Reform and Export Enhancement Act 8867:2015 United States–China Cybersecurity Agreement 5337: 5235:"The Big Misunderstanding About Havana Syndrome" 5175: 4158:Lederman, Josh; Lee, Matthew (January 8, 2018). 3955:U.S. Officials in Germany Hit by Havana Syndrome 3578:Myers, Steven Lee; Perlez, Jane (June 6, 2018). 3243: 2985:Koran, Laura; Oppmann, Patrick (March 2, 2018). 2559: 1456: 1410:Anomalous Health Incident (AHI) Acute Assessment 786:In 2018, Douglas H. Smith, the lead author of a 9059:1996 United States campaign finance controversy 8513:Foreign television channels available in Canada 6469: 6467: 6184:Office of the Director of National Intelligence 6152:Office of the Director of National Intelligence 6118:Office of the Director of National Intelligence 5786:Swanson, Ana; Wong, Edward (December 5, 2020). 5171: 5169: 4656: 4545: 3168:"Cuban Minister rejects US sonic attack claims" 2222: 2204: 2202: 2200: 2198: 2196: 1789: 1787: 1427:The JASON report examined two broad questions: 1373: 591:In 2021, dozens of U.S. personnel stationed in 341: 312: 10801:United Nations Security Council Resolution 144 10075:Cuba–United States Maritime Boundary Agreement 10065:Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance 8862:State visit by Xi Jinping to the United States 8403:Great Recycling and Northern Development Canal 8393:Windsor–Detroit International Freedom Festival 8047:Areas disputed by Canada and the United States 8002:Alaska-Alberta Railway Development Corporation 7977:American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 7116:Detention of Michael Spavor and Michael Kovrig 6433: 4122: 3349: 3222: 2194: 2192: 2190: 2188: 2186: 2184: 2182: 2180: 2178: 2176: 1524:Despite the report's conclusion, U.S. Senator 1343:as overall coordinator and retired Ambassador 661: 11304:Viktor Bout–Brittney Griner prisoner exchange 11100:Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism 10873: 9960: 9728:Committee for a Democratic Far Eastern Policy 8583: 7892:Comparison of Canadian and American economies 7231: 7014: 6442: 6406:Harris, Shane; Hudson, John (March 2, 2023). 6248:Seligman, Lara; Banco, Erin (March 1, 2023). 6247: 6220: 4687: 4361: 4359: 3060: 2927: 2507:Harris, Shane; John, Hudson (March 1, 2023). 2046: 2044: 1920: 1918: 1916: 1914: 1912: 1910: 1908: 1906: 1904: 1902: 1132:. Please discuss this issue on the article's 363: 210:Most of the affected individuals reported an 85:Pain in the ear or more diffusely in the head 9461:United States Innovation and Competition Act 7947:Canada–United States softwood lumber dispute 7902:Exclusive economic zone of the United States 6464: 6405: 6371: 6111: 6109: 6107: 5727: 5725: 5723: 5721: 5581:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 5509: 5507: 5505: 5503: 5501: 5499: 5497: 5495: 5493: 5376: 5166: 5128: 5126: 5124: 5122: 5052: 5050: 5048: 5046: 5044: 5042: 4495:Golomb, Beatrice Alexandra (November 2018). 3424:"Vienna Is the New Havana Syndrome Hot Spot" 2984: 2426: 2424: 2422: 2420: 2418: 2416: 1784: 986:" targeting the American embassy in Moscow. 385:were to blame, and even looked into whether 10779:United States and state-sponsored terrorism 9738:Hua Yuan Science and Technology Association 9733:Congressional-Executive Commission on China 9589:Anti-Chinese sentiment in the United States 7285:Former Residence of the Canadian Ambassador 5785: 4688:Bokat-Lindell, Spencer (October 26, 2021). 4372:Journal of the American Medical Association 4295: 4157: 3577: 3277: 3275: 2765:"New audio adds to mystery of Cuba attacks" 2389: 2387: 2258: 2256: 2173: 1924: 760:Journal of the American Medical Association 11617:Medical controversies in the United States 11510:Russian Embassy School in Washington, D.C. 10964:Consulate-General of Russia, San Francisco 10952:Consulate-General of Russia, New York City 10937:Ambassadors of the United States to Russia 10922:Ambassadors of Russia to the United States 10880: 10866: 10377:Leyla Express and Johnny Express incidents 9967: 9953: 9507:U.S.–China Strategic and Economic Dialogue 8590: 8576: 7295:Ambassadors of the United States to Canada 7280:Ambassadors of Canada to the United States 7238: 7224: 7021: 7007: 6933: 5310: 5308: 5276: 5274: 5272: 5270: 5268: 5266: 5264: 5262: 5260: 5068:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 4356: 3318:"The Mystery of the Immaculate Concussion" 2900: 2560:Bartholomew RE, Baloh RW (December 2023). 2506: 2105: 2103: 2101: 2041: 1966: 1964: 1962: 1960: 1958: 1956: 1899: 1218:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1170:obtained the 2018 CDC report, pursuant to 1037:In 2020, a book by Bartholomew and Baloh, 921:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 381:. They also examined the possibility that 46: 10152:United States Military Government in Cuba 10055:Cuban–American Treaty of Relations (1934) 10045:Cuban–American Treaty of Relations (1903) 10024:United States Interests Section in Havana 9793:Harvard Summit for Young Leaders in China 9575:Anti-American sentiment in mainland China 9451:Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act 9386:United States–China Relations Act of 2000 8642:Ambassadors of the United States to China 8632:Ambassadors of China to the United States 7952:Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement 7167:Chinese government interference in Canada 6104: 6004: 5934:"State Department website, July 12, 2021" 5718: 5641: 5631: 5490: 5209: 5119: 5039: 4894: 4865: 4855: 4853: 4821: 4819: 4586: 4512: 4447: 4445: 4391: 4327: 4325: 3784: 3509: 3507: 3505: 3061:Campion-Smith, Bruce (February 7, 2019). 2788: 2786: 2762: 2639: 2637: 2585: 2502: 2500: 2413: 2323:"Are U.S. Officials Under Silent Attack?" 2151: 2149: 2147: 2145: 2110:Strobel, Warren P. (September 28, 2021). 1686: 1662: 253:directed-energy or radio frequency weapon 11393:Russian–Venezuelan Threat Mitigation Act 11314:Russian spies in the Russo-Ukrainian War 11115:U.S.–Russia Joint Commission on POW/MIAs 10629:Commission for Assistance to a Free Cuba 10019:Ambassadors of the United States to Cuba 10009:Ambassadors of Cuba to the United States 9823:Human Rights Record of the United States 9545:History of China–United States relations 9411:Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act 8697:Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs 7922:Foreign ownership of companies of Canada 7813:North American Aerospace Defense Command 7363:International Pacific Halibut Commission 7157:Canadian Chamber of Commerce in Shanghai 6876: 6714:. United States Congress. May 25, 2021. 6640: 6584: 6499: 6278: 5762: 5731: 5658: 5182:Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 5132: 4760: 4413: 4411: 3573: 3571: 3311: 3309: 3281: 3272: 3200:. Minrex. August 9, 2017. Archived from 3165: 3114: 3112: 2384: 2253: 1635: 1594:. The report states that members of the 1210: 841:published an editorial referring to the 576: 548: 458: 283: 16:Affliction affecting US officials abroad 11061:Destruction of Syria's chemical weapons 10996:Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs 9783:US–China Peoples Friendship Association 9101:2012 China anti-Japanese demonstrations 8558:Category:Canada–United States relations 8418:North American Water and Power Alliance 7609:Shootings of Alfred and Rosemary Podgis 5810: 5693: 5478:from the original on September 28, 2022 5305: 5257: 5232: 5012: 4742:from the original on September 30, 2021 4729: 4418:Broad, William J. (September 1, 2018). 3892: 3736:from the original on September 12, 2018 3526:from the original on September 28, 2022 3490:from the original on September 20, 2021 2909:from the original on September 29, 2017 2851:from the original on September 26, 2018 2679:from the original on September 28, 2017 2465: 2463: 2109: 2098: 1953: 1239: 255:, with other possible causes including 11599: 11460:Russian Empire–United States relations 10476:Assassination attempts on Fidel Castro 10414:Operations Safe Haven and Safe Passage 10350:Cuba–United States aircraft hijackings 9935:Category:China–United States relations 9861:A Great Wall: Six Presidents and China 9359:Chinese Student Protection Act of 1992 9311:Sino-American Cooperative Organization 9205:Timeline of the Cox Report controversy 9185:Chinese espionage in the United States 8300:Benedict Arnold's expedition to Quebec 8012:North American SuperCorridor Coalition 7459:Canadian response to Hurricane Katrina 6786: 6612: 6527: 6309: 5868: 5744:from the original on November 10, 2021 5314: 5293:from the original on February 25, 2021 5280: 4850: 4825: 4816: 4669:from the original on December 16, 2018 4568:from the original on November 26, 2021 4494: 4451: 4442: 4331: 4322: 4214: 3873: 3669: 3638: 3590:from the original on November 18, 2018 3513: 3502: 3477: 3436:from the original on September 2, 2021 3421: 3383:Payne, Elizabeth (November 30, 2018). 3364:from the original on November 27, 2018 3231:from the original on December 25, 2017 2936:from the original on November 26, 2017 2870:Catherine McIntyre (August 24, 2017). 2842: 2801:from the original on December 21, 2018 2792: 2783: 2727: 2643: 2634: 2622:from the original on November 26, 2018 2549:. National Intelligence Council. 2024. 2536: 2534: 2497: 2358:Barnes, Julian E. (January 20, 2022). 2357: 2320: 2142: 2029:from the original on December 12, 2022 1819: 1801:from the original on December 17, 2022 1010:with traumatic brain injury; attorney 692:In March 2018, Kevin Fu and a team of 347:American counterparts. In early 2018, 76:Sudden onset of a perceived loud sound 11439:Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty 11373:Russian undesirable organizations law 11289:Poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal 11173:Strait of Juan de Fuca laser incident 10861: 10848:Category:Cuba–United States relations 10669:Directorio Revolucionario Estudiantil 9948: 9743:Inter-Parliamentary Alliance on China 9334:United States sanctions against China 8637:Embassy of the United States, Beijing 8571: 8187:Canada–United States sports rivalries 7997:United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement 7219: 7172:Inter-Parliamentary Alliance on China 7002: 6934:Wiśniewska, Maggie (March 13, 2023). 6787:Barnes, Julian E. (August 24, 2022). 6340: 6074:from the original on February 3, 2022 5958: 5914:from the original on October 26, 2021 5901: 5850:from the original on October 14, 2021 5819:from the original on October 28, 2021 5245:from the original on November 8, 2021 4952: 4909: 4880: 4804:from the original on November 5, 2021 4700:from the original on October 26, 2021 4595:from the original on October 16, 2021 4417: 4408: 4310:from the original on October 19, 2020 4245: 4139:from the original on January 10, 2018 4050:from the original on October 13, 2021 4007: 3989:from the original on October 11, 2021 3568: 3397:from the original on December 4, 2018 3382: 3315: 3306: 3166:Gaouette, Nicole (November 2, 2017). 3147:from the original on December 3, 2017 3109: 3073:from the original on February 8, 2019 3019:from the original on February 7, 2019 2966:from the original on October 16, 2017 2771:from the original on October 14, 2017 2448:from the original on October 14, 2022 2401:from the original on January 28, 2022 2372:from the original on January 29, 2022 2208:Katie Bo Williams & Jeremy Herb, 1847: 205: 11465:Soviet Union–United States relations 10947:Consulate-General of Russia, Houston 10932:Embassy of the United States, Moscow 10228:Cuban Democratic Revolutionary Front 10029:Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs 10014:Embassy of the United States, Havana 9180:2022 visit by Nancy Pelosi to Taiwan 9111:Disappearance of David Louis Sneddon 9096:United States diplomatic cables leak 8791:1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China 8388:Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative 8307:Letters to the inhabitants of Canada 7972:Mandatory country-of-origin labeling 7701:2023 Lake Huron high-altitude object 7343:Canadian–American Reciprocity Treaty 7315:Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs 7310:Consulate General of Canada, Chicago 7290:Embassy of the United States, Ottawa 6907: 6443:Faulconbridge, Guy (April 1, 2024). 5981: 5811:Hansler, Jennifer (March 12, 2021). 5763:Crawford, Jamie (December 5, 2020). 5732:McCammon, Sarah (October 15, 2021). 5661:"Microwaves and the Havana Syndrome" 4881:Stone, Richard (February 15, 2018). 4838:from the original on January 5, 2019 4215:Torres, Nora Gámez (March 2, 2018). 4080:from the original on August 18, 2022 3855:from the original on August 24, 2021 3828:from the original on August 24, 2021 3705:from the original on January 6, 2019 3514:Corera, Gordon (September 9, 2021). 3478:Atwood, Kylie (September 20, 2021). 3174:from the original on January 8, 2018 2882:from the original on August 12, 2020 2652:from the original on October 4, 2017 2469: 2460: 1855:American Foreign Service Association 1216:of coordination among the CIA, FBI, 1096: 1034:to lead the agency's investigation. 506: 322:, with some researchers pointing to 11368:Ukraine Freedom Support Act of 2014 10917:Embassy of Russia, Washington, D.C. 10634:Congressional Cuba Democracy Caucus 10340:Banco Nacional de Cuba v. Sabbatino 9788:Massachusetts International Academy 9763:Oberlin Shansi Memorial Association 9165:U.S. WeChat Users Alliance v. Trump 9002:Twain–Ament indemnities controversy 8877:United States–China talks in Alaska 8852:Presidential Rule of Law Initiative 8197:Women's national ice hockey rivalry 7957:North American Free Trade Agreement 7305:Consulate General of Canada, Boston 7275:Embassy of Canada, Washington, D.C. 6948:from the original on March 13, 2023 6889:from the original on March 18, 2023 6820: 6500:Luscombe, Richard (April 1, 2024). 6353:from the original on March 30, 2023 6310:Bolton, Alexander (March 4, 2023). 6291:from the original on March 13, 2023 6279:Pengelly, Martin (March 13, 2023). 6042:from the original on April 21, 2022 6027: 5706:from the original on April 12, 2021 5281:Atwood, Kylie (February 24, 2021). 5077:from the original on April 22, 2021 4761:Levinson, Charles (July 30, 2019). 4730:Vergano, Dan (September 30, 2021). 4258:from the original on April 22, 2018 4227:from the original on April 22, 2018 3905:from the original on April 29, 2021 3893:Beitsch, Rebecca (April 29, 2021). 3723: 3639:Dorsey, Steve (November 28, 2017). 2993:from the original on April 22, 2018 2531: 2130:from the original on August 9, 2022 1646:Federal Employees' Compensation Act 835:The editorial board of the journal 13: 11505:Russian Mission School in New York 11130:Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action 10644:Cuban American National Foundation 10302:United States embargo against Cuba 9466:Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act 9366:United States-Hong Kong Policy Act 9226:Uyghur detainees at Guantanamo Bay 8872:Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action 8627:Embassy of China, Washington, D.C. 8473:Maritimes & Northeast Pipeline 8040:American entry into Canada by land 7992:CSeries dumping petition by Boeing 7599:Arctic Refuge drilling controversy 6745:from the original on June 25, 2021 6718:from the original on June 25, 2021 6322:from the original on March 4, 2023 6260:from the original on March 4, 2023 6229:from the original on March 4, 2023 6200:from the original on March 2, 2023 6172:from the original on March 1, 2023 6138:from the original on March 2, 2023 5959:Gazis, Olivia (November 5, 2021). 5940:from the original on July 13, 2022 5869:Barnes, Julian E. (July 8, 2021). 5659:Teschler, Leland (June 14, 2021). 5448:from the original on March 3, 2021 5421:from the original on March 3, 2023 5383:. National Academies of Sciences. 5358:from the original on March 3, 2023 5233:Gaffney, Adam (November 8, 2021). 4973:from the original on June 22, 2018 4773:from the original on July 30, 2019 4344:from the original on April 6, 2018 3935:from the original on July 17, 2021 3802:from the original on June 10, 2018 3651:from the original on June 12, 2018 3620:from the original on June 12, 2018 3556:from the original on June 12, 2018 2928:Zachary Cohen (October 16, 2017). 2843:Chavez, Nicole (August 10, 2017). 2562:"'Havana Syndrome': A post mortem" 2485:from the original on March 2, 2023 2086:from the original on July 11, 2022 1977:American Journal of Otolaryngology 1153: 900:and Fernando Montealegre-Z of the 898:University of California, Berkeley 827:by two neurologists argued that a 753:At the U.S. government's request, 230:Some affected individuals develop 14: 11698: 11475:Anti-American sentiment in Russia 11319:2022–2023 Pentagon document leaks 11183:Kidnapping of Mormon missionaries 11163:Kola Peninsula submarine incident 10297:United States invasion of Grenada 10004:Embassy of Cuba, Washington, D.C. 9550:Hong Kong–United States relations 8882:United States–China Working Group 8742:Shanghai International Settlement 8368:Pugets Sound Agricultural Company 8017:Pacific Northwest Economic Region 7897:Exclusive economic zone of Canada 7654:Canadian Guantanamo Bay detainees 7412:U.S.–Canada Air Quality Agreement 7094:2011 Canadian government hackings 6964: 6641:Luscombe, Richard (May 8, 2024). 6193:Director of National Intelligence 6163:Director of National Intelligence 6129:Director of National Intelligence 5883:from the original on July 8, 2021 5694:Vergano, Dan (December 7, 2020). 5673:from the original on May 31, 2022 5601:from the original on June 2, 2022 5154:from the original on May 10, 2021 5105:from the original on May 13, 2022 5027:from the original on May 10, 2021 5013:Vergano, Dan (January 15, 2021). 4430:from the original on May 13, 2020 4332:Sample, Ian (February 24, 2018). 4196:from the original on May 31, 2019 4106:. January 9, 2018. Archived from 4020:from the original on June 2, 2021 3766:from the original on June 8, 2018 3670:Harris, Gardiner (May 23, 2018). 3328:from the original on May 29, 2021 3316:Ioffe, Julia (October 19, 2020). 2901:Rich Edson (September 29, 2017). 2793:Doubek, James (August 25, 2017). 2742:10.1097/01.NT.0000532085.86007.9b 2709:from the original on July 3, 2018 2335:from the original on June 1, 2021 2277:from the original on May 11, 2021 1820:Borger, Julian (April 29, 2021). 1624:and one of the report's authors, 1415: 1292:Director of National Intelligence 873:the recorded audio/video signals 680:United States Ambassador to Libya 640:InterContinental London Park Lane 11583: 11582: 11550:Territorial claims in the Arctic 11545:Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition 11193:Russian Guantanamo Bay detainees 11158:Kildin Island submarine incident 10899: 10889: 10843: 10842: 10502:Cuban Assets Control Regulations 9986: 9976: 9930: 9929: 9848:Duke-UNC China Leadership Summit 9636:Artificial Intelligence Cold War 9529:Permanent normal trade relations 9376:Forced Abortion Condemnation Act 8609: 8599: 8553: 8552: 8498:Territorial claims in the Arctic 8204:Comparison of healthcare systems 8144:Territorial claims in the Arctic 8007:International Fuel Tax Agreement 7852:Permanent Joint Board on Defense 7679:Extradition case of Meng Wanzhou 7569:1950 British Columbia B-36 crash 7564:1950 Douglas C-54D disappearance 7257: 7247: 7201: 7200: 7040: 7030: 6927: 6901: 6877:Seligman, Lara (March 9, 2023). 6840: 6814: 6780: 6757: 6730: 6704: 6682: 6662: 6634: 6613:Chasan, Aliza (April 17, 2024). 6606: 6585:Flaherty, Anne (April 1, 2024). 6578: 6549: 6528:Pelley, Scott (March 31, 2024). 6521: 6493: 6399: 6365: 6334: 6303: 6272: 6241: 6214: 6086: 6054: 6028:Seo, Hannah (January 20, 2022). 6021: 6005:Birenbaum, Gabby (May 1, 2021). 5998: 5982:Ryan, Missy (November 5, 2021). 5975: 5952: 5926: 5895: 5862: 5831: 5804: 5779: 5756: 5687: 5460: 5433: 5370: 5331: 5226: 4953:Stone, Richard (June 20, 2018). 4826:Zimmer, Carl (January 4, 2019). 4296:Ana Swanson (October 19, 2020). 4008:Bucci, Nino (October 28, 2020). 3282:Sherwood, Dave (March 3, 2023). 2644:Neuman, Scott (August 9, 2017). 2155:John Hudson & Shane Harris, 1848:Rubin, Eric (November 2, 2021). 1116:to read and navigate comfortably 1101: 492:in May 2018, Secretary of State 481:employee at the U.S. embassy in 11682:Russian intelligence operations 11540:Space Flight Europe-America 500 11495:Anglo-American School of Moscow 11110:The U.S. Russia Investment Fund 10360:Trans World Airlines Flight 106 10162:Cuban Pacification Medal (Army) 9875:The Art of Investing in America 9798:International School of Beijing 9663:String of Pearls (Indian Ocean) 9381:Taiwan Security Enhancement Act 8997:Chae Chan Ping v. United States 8966:Quadrilateral Security Dialogue 8373:Rum-running in Windsor, Ontario 8137:Wales Island (British Columbia) 7764:Vietnam War resisters in Canada 7696:2023 Yukon high-altitude object 7452:Climate Change Action Plan 2001 7206:Category:Canada–China relations 7177:International School of Beijing 6341:Karem, Brian (March 29, 2023). 5315:Borger, Julian (June 2, 2021). 4946: 4903: 4874: 4785: 4754: 4681: 4650: 4607: 4580: 4488: 4239: 4208: 4174: 4151: 4092: 4062: 4032: 4001: 3971: 3947: 3917: 3886: 3874:KAYALI, Laura (April 1, 2024). 3867: 3840: 3814: 3778: 3748: 3717: 3686: 3663: 3632: 3602: 3538: 3448: 3376: 3216: 3186: 3159: 3129: 3085: 3054: 3031: 3005: 2978: 2948: 2921: 2894: 2863: 2836: 2813: 2756: 2721: 2691: 2664: 2602: 2553: 2351: 1282:reported in July 2021 that the 1271: 1044: 860: 832:diplomats in Cuba experienced. 563:Senate Armed Services Committee 490:House Foreign Affairs Committee 98:Balance and vestibular problems 11687:Russia–United States relations 11667:Canada–United States relations 11213:European Deterrence Initiative 10927:Russian ambassador's residence 10896:Russia–United States relations 10140:Army of Cuban Occupation Medal 9854:The Coming Conflict with China 9560:Taiwan–United States relations 9431:Uyghur Human Rights Policy Act 8992:Cheong Ah Moy v. United States 8747:American Concession (Shanghai) 8398:Champlain Hudson Power Express 8346:Great Lakes Fishery Commission 8165:American immigration to Canada 7982:Regulatory Cooperation Council 7752:War Resisters Support Campaign 7348:Boundary Waters Treaty of 1909 7254:Canada–United States relations 7063:Ambassadors of Canada to China 5902:Rofer, Cheryl (May 10, 2021). 4969:(inactive September 1, 2024). 3422:Entous, Adam (July 16, 2021). 2397:. NBC News. January 20, 2022. 2072: 2023:Congressional Research Service 2011: 1869: 1841: 1813: 1772:Russia–United States relations 995:U.S. Office of Special Counsel 857:conclusion "science fiction". 745: 567:House Armed Services Committee 402: 101:Vision and oculomotor problems 1: 11672:China–United States relations 11520:International Launch Services 11490:Congress of Russian Americans 11434:Megatons to Megawatts Program 10597:Guantanamo Bay detention camp 10524:Freedom to Travel to Cuba Act 10370:Cubana de Aviación Flight 455 10318:Cubana de Aviación Flight 493 9808:Yixian glazed pottery luohans 9555:Macau–United States relations 9519:China–United States trade war 8752:United States Court for China 8606:China–United States relations 8244:Montreal Annexation Manifesto 7162:China-Canada Dinosaur Project 7152:Canada China Business Council 6908:Best, Paul (March 13, 2023). 6712:"S.1828 - HAVANA Act of 2021" 4932:10.1126/science.358.6368.1236 4466:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32711-2 3465:CNN. Retrieved July 31, 2021. 2321:Entous, Adam (May 31, 2021). 1777: 1592:Russian military intelligence 1550: 1457:2023 U.S. intelligence report 1352:Senate Intelligence Committee 616:. In September 2021, the CIA 555:Virginia suburb of Washington 488:Answering questions from the 354:Royal Canadian Mounted Police 238:than are the acute symptoms. 200:National Intelligence Council 180:Russian military intelligence 41:Unidentified health incidents 11677:Cuba–United States relations 11530:U.S.–Russia Business Council 11105:Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission 10679:Fair Play for Cuba Committee 9983:Cuba–United States relations 9693:Protestant missions in China 9416:Tibet Policy and Support Act 9039:Lamont v. Postmaster General 8702:Office of China Coordination 8661:American Consulate-Generals 8358:Halifax Fisheries Commission 8351:Great Lakes Areas of Concern 8214:Canadian Society of New York 8209:Canada lunar sample displays 7737:Iraq War resisters in Canada 7182:Miss Chinese Toronto Pageant 5523:The National Academies Press 5148:George Washington University 5099:George Washington University 4628:10.1016/j.cortex.2018.10.001 4246:McKay, Tom (March 3, 2018). 1989:10.1016/j.amjoto.2024.104332 1850:"We're All in This Together" 1736:Cuba–United States relations 1699:funded a $ 750,000 grant to 1503: 1488:Of the report, CIA Director 1463:House Intelligence Committee 1374:FBI Behavioral Analysis Unit 1164:George Washington University 713:George Washington University 645: 342:Impact on Canadian diplomats 313:Impact on American diplomats 274: 39:Unexplained health incidents 7: 11607:Syndromes of unknown causes 11140:International Space Station 11056:U.S.–Russia peace proposals 10774:State Sponsors of Terrorism 10754:Cuban Baseball Hall of Fame 10292:Jamaican political conflict 10233:Cuban Revolutionary Council 9896:The Transpacific Experiment 9838:China Human Rights Biweekly 9723:Chinese Educational Mission 9713:Boxer Indemnity Scholarship 9497:Strategic Economic Dialogue 9214:American espionage in China 8949:Second Taiwan Strait Crisis 8646:Chinese Consulate-Generals 8423:Northwest Area Water Supply 8378:United States passport card 7781:First Special Service Force 7624:Reference Re Ng Extradition 7486:International Space Station 6852:U.S. Department of Commerce 2250:, NPR (September 24, 2021). 2162:September 27, 2021, at the 1732:(hypothetical sonic weapon) 1723: 1611:White House Press Secretary 1600:non-lethal acoustic weapons 1398:Central Intelligence Agency 1288:Central Intelligence Agency 1124:content into sub-articles, 1032:manhunt for Osama bin Laden 999:diplomatic security officer 906:Indies short-tailed cricket 662:Chronology of investigation 191:Central Intelligence Agency 10: 11703: 11485:Center on Global Interests 11218:Operation Atlantic Resolve 10684:Friends of Democratic Cuba 10471:American fugitives in Cuba 10365:Southern Airways Flight 49 9833:New Federal State of China 8954:Third Taiwan Strait Crisis 8937:First Taiwan Strait Crisis 8857:Beijing–Washington hotline 8786:PRC-US Ambassadorial Talks 8488:Portland–Montreal pipeline 8458:Gas Transmission Northwest 8383:Western Climate Initiative 8317:Royal Proclamation of 1763 8170:Expulsion of the Loyalists 8052:1985 Polar Sea controversy 7818:Distant Early Warning Line 7759:Canada and the Vietnam War 7659:Northeast blackout of 2003 7604:Kidnapping of Sidney Jaffe 7392:The Merchant–Heeney Report 7142:Canada–Hong Kong relations 5344:. Springer International. 5136:, ed. (February 2, 2021). 3724:Kuo, Lily (June 7, 2018). 3049:Radio Canada International 2246:November 20, 2021, at the 1172:Freedom of Information Act 1008:Walter Reed Medical Center 880:concrete vibrating machine 823:A March 2018 editorial in 788:University of Pennsylvania 755:University of Pennsylvania 735:A November 2018 report in 723:litigation brought by the 721:Freedom of Information Act 706:intermodulation distortion 427:. Other reports came from 364:Cuban government reactions 176:U.S. intelligence services 128:anomalous health incidents 37:Anomalous health incidents 11580: 11452: 11411: 11348:Russian foreign agent law 11335: 11188:Pristina airport incident 11168:Norwegian rocket incident 11148: 11120:Moscow–Washington hotline 11044:Obama–Medvedev Commission 11004: 10909: 10839: 10592:Guantanamo Bay Naval Base 10542: 10512:Wet feet, dry feet policy 10484: 10310: 10157:Second Occupation of Cuba 10100: 10037: 9996: 9926: 9828:USA pavilion at Expo 2010 9773:US-China Business Council 9653:Peaceful Evolution theory 9537: 9474: 9326: 9244: 8974: 8890: 8828:Ling-Ling and Hsing-Hsing 8712: 8619: 8549: 8503:Simultaneous substitution 8413:International Control Dam 8363:Pacific Salmon Commission 8192:Junior ice hockey rivalry 8152: 8122:Saint Croix Island, Maine 8087:Republic of Indian Stream 8025: 7882: 7709: 7589:Edmonton aircraft bombing 7494: 7333:Treaty of New York (1796) 7323: 7267: 7197: 7134: 7076: 7050: 5740:. Event occurs at 5:59. 5144:National Security Archive 5095:National Security Archive 4135:. CNN. January 10, 2018. 3824:. NBC News. August 2021. 3290:. Reuters. Archived from 3043:January 31, 2019, at the 2825:October 18, 2017, at the 2578:10.1177/00207640231208374 1757:Microwave auditory effect 1317:Cuban Academy of Sciences 1302:in their investigations. 1284:National Security Council 1168:National Security Archive 1057:, the committee included 910:Anurogryllus celerinictus 781:widespread brain networks 717:National Security Archive 700:reported in a study that 601:Austrian foreign ministry 572: 443:, among other countries. 392:Cuban Academy of Sciences 303: 241: 113: 63: 54: 45: 33: 28: 11642:Mass psychogenic illness 11535:Stanford US–Russia Forum 11398:Task Force KleptoCapture 11309:Black Sea drone incident 11068:2017 St. Petersburg raid 10957:John Henry Hammond House 10704:Radio y Televisión Martí 10649:Cuban dissident movement 10565:Cuban migration to Miami 10409:1994 Cuban rafter crisis 10080:Tripartite Accord (1988) 9778:US–China Education Trust 9271:American Volunteer Group 9266:Second Sino-Japanese War 8478:Northern Border Pipeline 8463:Great Lakes Transmission 8443:Alberta Clipper pipeline 8339:Webster–Ashburton Treaty 7962:Northwest Cattle Project 7828:Continental NORAD Region 7771:CIA activities in Canada 7584:CIA activities in Canada 7437:Boston–Halifax relations 7422:Smart Border Declaration 7382:Second Quebec Conference 7058:Embassy of China, Ottawa 5633:10.3389/fneur.2020.00753 5194:10.1177/0141076819877553 3960:August 18, 2021, at the 3098:August 19, 2019, at the 1767:Post-concussion syndrome 1683:or disability payments. 1577:, in collaboration with 1380:Behavioral Analysis Unit 937:mass psychogenic illness 466:of the United States in 454: 57:Hotel Nacional in Havana 11662:Canada–Russia relations 11515:Russian Cultural Center 11343:Jackson–Vanik amendment 11088:Arctic Ocean Conference 10830:638 Ways to Kill Castro 10769:Third Border Initiative 10739:NOAAS Oregon II (R 332) 9910:Red Chinese Battle Plan 9698:Elijah Coleman Bridgman 9339:U.S. immigration policy 9170:COVID-19 misinformation 8908:China Relief Expedition 8251:Annexation Bill of 1866 8160:Anti-Canadian sentiment 8132:Sugar Island (Michigan) 8107:Oregon boundary dispute 8057:Alaska boundary dispute 7840:Operation Yellow Ribbon 7732:Canada and the Iraq War 7481:Arctic Economic Council 7471:Arctic Ocean Conference 7370:First Quebec Conference 7147:Canada–Taiwan relations 7084:Murder of Cecilia Zhang 4967:10.1126/science.aau5386 4896:10.1126/science.aat3410 2219:, CNN (April 29, 2021). 2215:April 29, 2021, at the 2116:The Wall Street Journal 1939:10.1515/reveh-2021-0182 1607:Kremlin Press Secretary 1545: 1451: 1391: 1337:foreign service officer 1300:classified intelligence 1092: 943: 928:, dated December 2019. 914:Jamaican field crickets 891: 666: 352:it challenging for the 279: 11652:Canada–China relations 11637:21st century in Havana 11525:U.S. Russia Foundation 11299:Russian bounty program 11014:Operation Provide Hope 10619:Brothers to the Rescue 9868:The New Chinese Empire 9803:SARS conspiracy theory 9703:Divie Bethune McCartee 9502:Summer Palace Dialogue 9436:Hong Kong Autonomy Act 9406:Hong Kong Be Water Act 9081:Hainan Island incident 8127:Strait of Juan de Fuca 8067:Bering Sea Arbitration 7907:Atlantica (trade zone) 7619:Arrow Air Flight 1285R 7534:Cypress Hills Massacre 7464:Canadaville, Louisiana 7037:Canada–China relations 6992:on Apple Podcasts and 5620:Frontiers in Neurology 4384:10.1001/jama.2018.1742 3461:July 31, 2021, at the 2831:McClatchy News Service 2618:. September 14, 2017. 2082:. September 24, 2021. 1877:"Cuba Travel Advisory" 1701:Wayne State University 1687:Animal experimentation 1663:Financial compensation 1630:United States Congress 1461:On March 1, 2023, the 1383:The unit reviewed the 1258:University of Illinois 1188:vestibular disturbance 1158:In January 2021, both 958:appointees, including 698:University of Michigan 626:U.S. embassy in Berlin 588: 529:In September 2021, an 470: 296: 11657:Canada–Cuba relations 11612:Medical controversies 11470:NATO–Russia relations 11403:Executive Order 14071 11294:Arrest of Trevor Reed 11093:Ilulissat Declaration 10734:Filibuster (military) 10709:US-Cuba Democracy PAC 10654:Cuban Liberty Council 10614:Antonio Maceo Brigade 9456:Executive Order 14032 9446:Executive Order 13959 9441:Executive Order 13936 9354:Executive Order 12711 9259:Alice Dollar incident 9231:2023 balloon incident 9190:Cyberwarfare by China 9012:USS Monocacy incident 8932:Cross-Strait conflict 8903:Eight-Nation Alliance 8408:Lake Champlain Seaway 8290:Godfrey–Milliken Bill 7847:Operation Inland Seas 7833:Operation Noble Eagle 7727:Canadian peacekeeping 7717:2nd Canadian Regiment 7684:Canada convoy protest 7644:Korean Air Flight 085 7634:United States v Burns 7614:1984 Montreal bombing 7554:Trail Smelter dispute 7387:Columbia River Treaty 7353:Migratory Bird Treaty 7126:2023 balloon incident 7089:Murder of Amanda Zhao 6700:on December 21, 2021. 5327:on November 27, 2021. 4798:Associated Press News 3260:on September 13, 2021 3141:Associated Press News 2833:, September 26, 2017. 2170:(September 23, 2021). 1747:Electronic harassment 1681:workers' compensation 1636:Legislative responses 1263:A May 2021 report in 1211:U.S. State Department 1061:, Ronald Brookmeyer, 1020:Christopher C. Miller 1018:Department of State. 948:In October 2020, the 926:for official use only 902:University of Lincoln 802:pulsed radiofrequency 777:persistent concussion 725:James Madison Project 580: 549:Washington, D.C. area 526:'s visit to Vietnam. 462: 383:electromagnetic waves 349:Global Affairs Canada 326:as a possible cause. 287: 265:chemicals/neurotoxins 11073:2018 Helsinki summit 11029:2005 Slovakia Summit 11024:2001 Slovenia Summit 10784:Luis Posada Carriles 10577:Cuban–American lobby 10570:Havana on the Hudson 10507:Cuban Adjustment Act 10328:Cuban Missile Crisis 10287:Operation Northwoods 10253:Bay of Pigs Monument 10218:Bay of Pigs Invasion 10108:Spanish–American War 10060:Good Neighbor policy 9648:Triangular diplomacy 9349:Taiwan Relations Act 9286:China Air Task Force 9219:Hugh Francis Redmond 9007:1905 Chinese boycott 8540:The Fight for Canada 8526:Talking to Americans 8312:Indian barrier state 7942:Macdonald Commission 7912:Branch plant economy 7857:Ogdensburg Agreement 7823:North Warning System 7776:Defence Scheme No. 2 7649:Tarnak Farm incident 7559:Defence Scheme No. 1 6776:on October 18, 2021. 6070:. February 2, 2022. 5994:on November 5, 2021. 5971:on November 5, 2021. 5800:on December 5, 2020. 5775:on December 6, 2020. 5597:. December 5, 2020. 5474:. December 6, 2020. 5070:. December 3, 2019. 4514:10.1162/neco_a_01133 4046:. October 13, 2021. 3143:. November 3, 2017. 3126:(November 26, 2019). 2962:. October 16, 2017. 2566:Int J Soc Psychiatry 2025:. February 7, 2022. 1563:investigative report 1422:JASON Advisory Group 1315:affiliated with the 956:Trump administration 671:In January 2018, at 483:Tashkent, Uzbekistan 257:functional disorders 196:JASON Advisory Group 11125:Shuttle–Mir program 10529:Cuban Democracy Act 10387:Garcia-Mir v. Meese 10323:Matthew Edward Duke 10265:Operation Peter Pan 10196:La Coubre explosion 9643:Ping-pong diplomacy 9306:Operation Beleaguer 9106:Murder of Shao Tong 9086:Operation Shady RAT 8987:Chy Lung v. Freeman 8961:CIA Tibetan program 8942:Operation King Kong 8840:Goldwater v. Carter 8811:Nixon goes to China 8796:Shanghai Communiqué 8737:Gresham-Yang Treaty 8675:Hong Kong and Macau 8533:Lament for a Nation 8438:Alaska gas pipeline 8428:St. Lawrence Seaway 8092:Machias Seal Island 7808:Montreal Laboratory 7402:Great Lakes Charter 6821:Strobel, Warren P. 5988:The Washington Post 5563:on December 9, 2020 4924:2017Sci...358.1236S 4918:(6368): 1236–1237. 4663:The Washington Post 3985:. October 9, 2021. 3966:Wall Street Journal 3795:The Washington Post 3106:(February 7, 2019). 3051:, January 30, 2019. 2513:The Washington Post 1887:on January 30, 2018 829:functional disorder 806:microwave radiation 694:computer scientists 475:Guangzhou consulate 261:psychogenic disease 79:Visual disturbances 11429:Mutual detargeting 11078:2021 Geneva summit 11019:1998 Moscow Summit 10796:Cuba–OAS relations 10764:Straits of Florida 10744:Silver certificate 10719:Venceremos Brigade 10659:CubaOne Foundation 10275:Operation Mongoose 10258:Bay of Pigs Museum 10248:José Antonio Llama 10179:Sugar Intervention 10135:The Paquete Habana 10090:JetBlue Flight 387 10050:Hay-Quesada Treaty 9708:The 1990 Institute 9688:TPE (cable system) 9565:Americans in China 9475:Economic relations 9426:Proclamation 10043 9276:Black Cat Squadron 9246:Military relations 9136:Trial of Anming Hu 8817:Nixon's China Game 8727:Treaty of Tientsin 8483:Northwest Pipeline 8453:Brunswick Pipeline 8295:Invasion of Quebec 7884:Economic relations 7710:Military relations 7629:Pacific Salmon War 7188:Claws of the Panda 6793:The New York Times 6770:The New York Times 6378:The New York Times 5876:The New York Times 5793:The New York Times 4832:The New York Times 4694:The New York Times 4501:Neural Computation 4424:The New York Times 4303:The New York Times 3968:(August 18, 2021). 3676:The New York Times 3584:The New York Times 3550:The New York Times 2471:Wong, Julia Carrie 2365:The New York Times 1927:Rev Environ Health 1695:reported that the 1354:leadership (chair 1279:The New York Times 1225:Pamela L. Spratlen 1196:case–control study 1192:cognitive deficits 972:The New York Times 933:Robert Bartholomew 797:Neural Computation 673:Secretary of State 642:in late May 2019. 589: 499:The New York Times 471: 297: 206:Signs and symptoms 88:Cognitive problems 11594: 11593: 11358:Dima Yakovlev Law 11284:Battle of Khasham 10855: 10854: 10749:Troika of tyranny 10550:Americans in Cuba 10392:Cuban boat people 10355:Pan Am Flight 281 9942: 9941: 9843:Far East Reporter 9818:William H. Hinton 9718:China Aid Society 9570:Chinese Americans 9396:Taiwan Travel Act 8915:Chinese Civil War 8801:Three Communiqués 8779:China White Paper 8732:Burlingame Treaty 8722:Treaty of Wanghia 8565: 8564: 8468:Iroquois Pipeline 8448:Alliance Pipeline 8102:Northwest Passage 8077:Battle of Caribou 7669:Keystone Pipeline 7522:Battle of Windsor 7397:Shakwak Agreement 7338:Rush–Bagot Treaty 7213: 7212: 6971:"Havana Syndrome" 5540:978-0-309-68137-7 5398:978-0-309-68137-7 4507:(11): 2882–2985. 4378:(11): 1125–1133. 4170:on July 23, 2019. 3953:Bojan Pancevski, 3931:. July 17, 2021. 2705:. June 28, 2018. 2473:(March 1, 2023). 1435:incident reports? 1385:patient histories 1341:Jonathan M. Moore 1312:analytic judgment 1151: 1150: 931:In a 2019 paper, 507:Elsewhere in Asia 464:Consulate General 263:, or exposure to 182:was responsible. 172:microwave weapons 121: 120: 104:Auditory problems 23:Medical condition 11694: 11586: 11585: 11203:Illegals Program 11051:Syrian civil war 10910:Diplomatic posts 10904: 10903: 10894: 10893: 10882: 10875: 10868: 10859: 10858: 10846: 10845: 10699:Radio Free Dixie 10519:Helms–Burton Act 10492:Teller Amendment 10238:Operation Ortsac 10186:Cuban Revolution 10113:Ostend Manifesto 9997:Diplomatic posts 9991: 9990: 9981: 9980: 9969: 9962: 9955: 9946: 9945: 9933: 9932: 9917:The China Hustle 9658:Linkage (policy) 9626:Cold War in Asia 9131:China Initiative 9091:Operation Aurora 9049:Project Sabre II 8806:One-China policy 8769:Marshall Mission 8620:Diplomatic posts 8614: 8613: 8604: 8603: 8592: 8585: 8578: 8569: 8568: 8556: 8555: 8035:Border crossings 7917:Deep integration 7664:Arar v. Ashcroft 7512:Frères chasseurs 7375:Quebec Agreement 7268:Diplomatic posts 7262: 7261: 7252: 7251: 7240: 7233: 7226: 7217: 7216: 7204: 7203: 7109:Extradition case 7051:Diplomatic posts 7045: 7044: 7035: 7034: 7023: 7016: 7009: 7000: 6999: 6958: 6957: 6955: 6953: 6947: 6940: 6931: 6925: 6924: 6922: 6920: 6905: 6899: 6898: 6896: 6894: 6874: 6863: 6862: 6860: 6858: 6844: 6838: 6837: 6835: 6833: 6818: 6812: 6811: 6809: 6807: 6784: 6778: 6777: 6772:. Archived from 6761: 6755: 6754: 6752: 6750: 6734: 6728: 6727: 6725: 6723: 6708: 6702: 6701: 6686: 6680: 6679: 6666: 6660: 6659: 6657: 6655: 6638: 6632: 6631: 6629: 6627: 6610: 6604: 6603: 6601: 6599: 6582: 6576: 6575: 6573: 6571: 6553: 6547: 6546: 6544: 6542: 6525: 6519: 6518: 6516: 6514: 6497: 6491: 6490: 6488: 6486: 6471: 6462: 6461: 6459: 6457: 6440: 6431: 6430: 6428: 6426: 6403: 6397: 6396: 6394: 6392: 6369: 6363: 6362: 6360: 6358: 6338: 6332: 6331: 6329: 6327: 6307: 6301: 6300: 6298: 6296: 6276: 6270: 6269: 6267: 6265: 6245: 6239: 6238: 6236: 6234: 6218: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6205: 6181: 6179: 6177: 6171: 6160: 6147: 6145: 6143: 6137: 6126: 6113: 6102: 6101: 6090: 6084: 6083: 6081: 6079: 6058: 6052: 6051: 6049: 6047: 6025: 6019: 6018: 6017:on May 22, 2021. 6013:. Archived from 6002: 5996: 5995: 5990:. Archived from 5979: 5973: 5972: 5967:. Archived from 5956: 5950: 5949: 5947: 5945: 5930: 5924: 5923: 5921: 5919: 5899: 5893: 5892: 5890: 5888: 5866: 5860: 5859: 5857: 5855: 5835: 5829: 5828: 5826: 5824: 5808: 5802: 5801: 5796:. Archived from 5783: 5777: 5776: 5771:. Archived from 5760: 5754: 5753: 5751: 5749: 5729: 5716: 5715: 5713: 5711: 5691: 5685: 5682: 5680: 5678: 5655: 5645: 5635: 5610: 5608: 5606: 5593:(news release). 5586: 5580: 5572: 5570: 5568: 5559:. Archived from 5511: 5488: 5487: 5485: 5483: 5464: 5458: 5457: 5455: 5453: 5437: 5431: 5430: 5428: 5426: 5374: 5368: 5367: 5365: 5363: 5335: 5329: 5328: 5323:. Archived from 5312: 5303: 5302: 5300: 5298: 5278: 5255: 5254: 5252: 5250: 5230: 5224: 5223: 5213: 5173: 5164: 5163: 5161: 5159: 5130: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5110: 5086: 5084: 5082: 5076: 5065: 5054: 5037: 5036: 5034: 5032: 5010: 4997: 4996: 4990: 4982: 4980: 4978: 4950: 4944: 4943: 4907: 4901: 4900: 4898: 4878: 4872: 4871: 4869: 4857: 4848: 4847: 4845: 4843: 4823: 4814: 4813: 4811: 4809: 4789: 4783: 4782: 4780: 4778: 4758: 4752: 4751: 4749: 4747: 4727: 4710: 4709: 4707: 4705: 4685: 4679: 4678: 4676: 4674: 4654: 4648: 4647: 4611: 4605: 4604: 4602: 4600: 4584: 4578: 4577: 4575: 4573: 4554: 4543: 4542: 4516: 4492: 4486: 4485: 4449: 4440: 4439: 4437: 4435: 4415: 4406: 4405: 4395: 4363: 4354: 4353: 4351: 4349: 4329: 4320: 4319: 4317: 4315: 4293: 4268: 4267: 4265: 4263: 4243: 4237: 4236: 4234: 4232: 4212: 4206: 4205: 4203: 4201: 4195: 4188: 4178: 4172: 4171: 4166:. Archived from 4164:Associated Press 4155: 4149: 4148: 4146: 4144: 4129: 4120: 4119: 4117: 4115: 4110:on April 7, 2018 4096: 4090: 4089: 4087: 4085: 4066: 4060: 4059: 4057: 4055: 4036: 4030: 4029: 4027: 4025: 4005: 3999: 3998: 3996: 3994: 3975: 3969: 3951: 3945: 3944: 3942: 3940: 3921: 3915: 3914: 3912: 3910: 3890: 3884: 3883: 3871: 3865: 3864: 3862: 3860: 3844: 3838: 3837: 3835: 3833: 3818: 3812: 3811: 3809: 3807: 3788:(June 8, 2018). 3782: 3776: 3775: 3773: 3771: 3762:. June 7, 2018. 3752: 3746: 3745: 3743: 3741: 3721: 3715: 3714: 3712: 3710: 3690: 3684: 3683: 3682:on June 6, 2020. 3678:. Archived from 3667: 3661: 3660: 3658: 3656: 3636: 3630: 3629: 3627: 3625: 3616:. June 6, 2018. 3606: 3600: 3599: 3597: 3595: 3575: 3566: 3565: 3563: 3561: 3552:. June 7, 2018. 3542: 3536: 3535: 3533: 3531: 3511: 3500: 3499: 3497: 3495: 3475: 3466: 3452: 3446: 3445: 3443: 3441: 3419: 3410: 3409: 3404: 3402: 3380: 3374: 3373: 3371: 3369: 3347: 3338: 3337: 3335: 3333: 3313: 3304: 3303: 3301: 3299: 3294:on March 3, 2023 3279: 3270: 3269: 3267: 3265: 3250: 3241: 3240: 3238: 3236: 3220: 3214: 3213: 3211: 3209: 3204:on April 7, 2018 3190: 3184: 3183: 3181: 3179: 3163: 3157: 3156: 3154: 3152: 3133: 3127: 3116: 3107: 3089: 3083: 3082: 3080: 3078: 3058: 3052: 3035: 3029: 3028: 3026: 3024: 3009: 3003: 3002: 3000: 2998: 2982: 2976: 2975: 2973: 2971: 2952: 2946: 2945: 2943: 2941: 2925: 2919: 2918: 2916: 2914: 2898: 2892: 2891: 2889: 2887: 2867: 2861: 2860: 2858: 2856: 2840: 2834: 2817: 2811: 2810: 2808: 2806: 2790: 2781: 2780: 2778: 2776: 2760: 2754: 2753: 2725: 2719: 2718: 2716: 2714: 2695: 2689: 2688: 2686: 2684: 2668: 2662: 2661: 2659: 2657: 2641: 2632: 2631: 2629: 2627: 2606: 2600: 2599: 2589: 2557: 2551: 2550: 2548: 2538: 2529: 2528: 2526: 2524: 2519:on March 1, 2023 2515:. Archived from 2504: 2495: 2494: 2492: 2490: 2467: 2458: 2457: 2455: 2453: 2447: 2436: 2428: 2411: 2410: 2408: 2406: 2391: 2382: 2381: 2379: 2377: 2355: 2349: 2348: 2342: 2340: 2318: 2287: 2286: 2284: 2282: 2260: 2251: 2237: 2220: 2206: 2171: 2153: 2140: 2139: 2137: 2135: 2107: 2096: 2095: 2093: 2091: 2076: 2070: 2069: 2067: 2065: 2048: 2039: 2038: 2036: 2034: 2015: 2009: 2008: 1968: 1951: 1950: 1922: 1897: 1896: 1894: 1892: 1881:Travel.state.gov 1873: 1867: 1866: 1864: 1862: 1845: 1839: 1838: 1836: 1834: 1817: 1811: 1810: 1808: 1806: 1791: 1669:which authorized 1570: 1484: 1370:investigations. 1345:Margaret Uyehara 1204:selection biases 1146: 1143: 1137: 1105: 1104: 1097: 1028:William J. Burns 814:oxidative stress 687:Associated Press 656:Bogota, Colombia 612:on reviving the 597:State Department 539:William J. Burns 413:Tbilisi, Georgia 356:to investigate. 232:chronic symptoms 160:Washington, D.C. 158:, as well as in 136:chronic symptoms 126:(also known as " 50: 26: 25: 11702: 11701: 11697: 11696: 11695: 11693: 11692: 11691: 11597: 11596: 11595: 11590: 11576: 11565:Second Cold War 11448: 11407: 11363:Guantanamo List 11331: 11272:Havana syndrome 11198:RM Broadcasting 11144: 11135:Exercise RIMPAC 11000: 10974:Lothrop Mansion 10969:Elmcroft Estate 10905: 10898: 10888: 10886: 10856: 10851: 10835: 10555:Cuban Americans 10538: 10497:Platt Amendment 10480: 10466:Havana syndrome 10382:Mariel boatlift 10306: 10174:Negro Rebellion 10096: 10033: 9992: 9985: 9975: 9973: 9943: 9938: 9922: 9673:Hong (business) 9668:Thucydides Trap 9631:Second Cold War 9611:Chinese Century 9533: 9512:Senior Dialogue 9482:Old China Trade 9470: 9322: 9318:Exercise RIMPAC 9240: 9160:TikTok v. Trump 9121:Havana syndrome 9116:Trump–Tsai call 9034:Shen Chong case 8970: 8898:Boxer Rebellion 8886: 8708: 8615: 8608: 8598: 8596: 8566: 8561: 8545: 8493:Vector Pipeline 8224:Hollywood North 8148: 8021: 7878: 7803:Mid-Canada Line 7791:UKUSA Agreement 7747:Kimberly Rivera 7705: 7674:Havana syndrome 7517:Hunters' Lodges 7507:Caroline affair 7490: 7407:Shamrock Summit 7319: 7263: 7256: 7246: 7244: 7214: 7209: 7193: 7130: 7099:Havana syndrome 7072: 7046: 7039: 7029: 7027: 6988:Havana Syndrome 6967: 6962: 6961: 6951: 6949: 6945: 6938: 6932: 6928: 6918: 6916: 6906: 6902: 6892: 6890: 6875: 6866: 6856: 6854: 6846: 6845: 6841: 6831: 6829: 6819: 6815: 6805: 6803: 6785: 6781: 6762: 6758: 6748: 6746: 6735: 6731: 6721: 6719: 6710: 6709: 6705: 6688: 6687: 6683: 6668: 6667: 6663: 6653: 6651: 6639: 6635: 6625: 6623: 6611: 6607: 6597: 6595: 6583: 6579: 6569: 6567: 6554: 6550: 6540: 6538: 6526: 6522: 6512: 6510: 6498: 6494: 6484: 6482: 6473: 6472: 6465: 6455: 6453: 6441: 6434: 6424: 6422: 6412:Washington Post 6404: 6400: 6390: 6388: 6370: 6366: 6356: 6354: 6339: 6335: 6325: 6323: 6308: 6304: 6294: 6292: 6277: 6273: 6263: 6261: 6246: 6242: 6232: 6230: 6219: 6215: 6203: 6201: 6175: 6173: 6169: 6158: 6141: 6139: 6135: 6124: 6114: 6105: 6092: 6091: 6087: 6077: 6075: 6060: 6059: 6055: 6045: 6043: 6035:Popular Science 6026: 6022: 6003: 5999: 5980: 5976: 5957: 5953: 5943: 5941: 5932: 5931: 5927: 5917: 5915: 5900: 5896: 5886: 5884: 5867: 5863: 5853: 5851: 5836: 5832: 5822: 5820: 5809: 5805: 5784: 5780: 5761: 5757: 5747: 5745: 5730: 5719: 5709: 5707: 5692: 5688: 5676: 5674: 5666:EE World Online 5604: 5602: 5589: 5574: 5573: 5566: 5564: 5541: 5512: 5491: 5481: 5479: 5466: 5465: 5461: 5451: 5449: 5438: 5434: 5424: 5422: 5399: 5375: 5371: 5361: 5359: 5352: 5336: 5332: 5313: 5306: 5296: 5294: 5279: 5258: 5248: 5246: 5231: 5227: 5174: 5167: 5157: 5155: 5134:Kornbluh, Peter 5131: 5120: 5108: 5106: 5089: 5080: 5078: 5074: 5063: 5057: 5055: 5040: 5030: 5028: 5011: 5000: 4984: 4983: 4976: 4974: 4951: 4947: 4908: 4904: 4879: 4875: 4858: 4851: 4841: 4839: 4824: 4817: 4807: 4805: 4790: 4786: 4776: 4774: 4759: 4755: 4745: 4743: 4728: 4713: 4703: 4701: 4686: 4682: 4672: 4670: 4655: 4651: 4612: 4608: 4598: 4596: 4585: 4581: 4571: 4569: 4556: 4555: 4546: 4493: 4489: 4460:(10267): 1954. 4450: 4443: 4433: 4431: 4416: 4409: 4364: 4357: 4347: 4345: 4330: 4323: 4313: 4311: 4294: 4271: 4261: 4259: 4244: 4240: 4230: 4228: 4213: 4209: 4199: 4197: 4193: 4186: 4180: 4179: 4175: 4156: 4152: 4142: 4140: 4131: 4130: 4123: 4113: 4111: 4098: 4097: 4093: 4083: 4081: 4068: 4067: 4063: 4053: 4051: 4038: 4037: 4033: 4023: 4021: 4006: 4002: 3992: 3990: 3977: 3976: 3972: 3962:Wayback Machine 3952: 3948: 3938: 3936: 3923: 3922: 3918: 3908: 3906: 3891: 3887: 3872: 3868: 3858: 3856: 3845: 3841: 3831: 3829: 3820: 3819: 3815: 3805: 3803: 3786:Achenbach, Joel 3783: 3779: 3769: 3767: 3754: 3753: 3749: 3739: 3737: 3722: 3718: 3708: 3706: 3691: 3687: 3668: 3664: 3654: 3652: 3637: 3633: 3623: 3621: 3608: 3607: 3603: 3593: 3591: 3576: 3569: 3559: 3557: 3544: 3543: 3539: 3529: 3527: 3512: 3503: 3493: 3491: 3476: 3469: 3463:Wayback Machine 3453: 3449: 3439: 3437: 3420: 3413: 3400: 3398: 3381: 3377: 3367: 3365: 3348: 3341: 3331: 3329: 3314: 3307: 3297: 3295: 3280: 3273: 3263: 3261: 3252: 3251: 3244: 3234: 3232: 3221: 3217: 3207: 3205: 3192: 3191: 3187: 3177: 3175: 3164: 3160: 3150: 3148: 3135: 3134: 3130: 3117: 3110: 3100:Wayback Machine 3090: 3086: 3076: 3074: 3059: 3055: 3045:Wayback Machine 3036: 3032: 3022: 3020: 3011: 3010: 3006: 2996: 2994: 2983: 2979: 2969: 2967: 2954: 2953: 2949: 2939: 2937: 2926: 2922: 2912: 2910: 2899: 2895: 2885: 2883: 2868: 2864: 2854: 2852: 2841: 2837: 2827:Wayback Machine 2818: 2814: 2804: 2802: 2791: 2784: 2774: 2772: 2763:Zachary Cohen. 2761: 2757: 2736:(6): 1, 24–26. 2730:Neurology Today 2726: 2722: 2712: 2710: 2697: 2696: 2692: 2682: 2680: 2669: 2665: 2655: 2653: 2642: 2635: 2625: 2623: 2608: 2607: 2603: 2558: 2554: 2546: 2540: 2539: 2532: 2522: 2520: 2505: 2498: 2488: 2486: 2468: 2461: 2451: 2449: 2445: 2434: 2430: 2429: 2414: 2404: 2402: 2393: 2392: 2385: 2375: 2373: 2356: 2352: 2338: 2336: 2319: 2290: 2280: 2278: 2261: 2254: 2248:Wayback Machine 2238: 2223: 2217:Wayback Machine 2207: 2174: 2168:Washington Post 2164:Wayback Machine 2154: 2143: 2133: 2131: 2108: 2099: 2089: 2087: 2078: 2077: 2073: 2063: 2061: 2049: 2042: 2032: 2030: 2017: 2016: 2012: 1969: 1954: 1923: 1900: 1890: 1888: 1875: 1874: 1870: 1860: 1858: 1846: 1842: 1832: 1830: 1818: 1814: 1804: 1802: 1793: 1792: 1785: 1780: 1726: 1691:In March 2023, 1689: 1665: 1638: 1568: 1565: 1553: 1548: 1506: 1482: 1459: 1454: 1418: 1394: 1376: 1358:and vice chair 1274: 1245: 1213: 1156: 1154:2018 CDC report 1147: 1141: 1138: 1119: 1106: 1102: 1095: 1071:David A. Whelan 1063:Caroline Buckee 1047: 946: 894: 863: 851:Peter Zimmerman 751: 704:—specifically, 669: 664: 648: 586:Vienna, Austria 575: 551: 509: 457: 405: 379:toxic chemicals 366: 344: 315: 306: 282: 277: 244: 208: 124:Havana syndrome 40: 38: 29:Havana syndrome 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 11700: 11690: 11689: 11684: 11679: 11674: 11669: 11664: 11659: 11654: 11649: 11647:Animal testing 11644: 11639: 11634: 11629: 11624: 11619: 11614: 11609: 11592: 11591: 11581: 11578: 11577: 11575: 11574: 11567: 11562: 11560:New Great Game 11557: 11552: 11547: 11542: 11537: 11532: 11527: 11522: 11517: 11512: 11507: 11502: 11497: 11492: 11487: 11482: 11477: 11472: 11467: 11462: 11456: 11454: 11450: 11449: 11447: 11446: 11441: 11436: 11431: 11426: 11421: 11415: 11413: 11409: 11408: 11406: 11405: 11400: 11395: 11390: 11385: 11380: 11375: 11370: 11365: 11360: 11355: 11350: 11345: 11339: 11337: 11333: 11332: 11330: 11329: 11321: 11316: 11311: 11306: 11301: 11296: 11291: 11286: 11281: 11280: 11279: 11269: 11264: 11263: 11262: 11257: 11252: 11247: 11246: 11245: 11240: 11238:Steele dossier 11235: 11222: 11221: 11220: 11210: 11208:Stephen Holmes 11205: 11200: 11195: 11190: 11185: 11180: 11175: 11170: 11165: 11160: 11154: 11152: 11146: 11145: 11143: 11142: 11137: 11132: 11127: 11122: 11117: 11112: 11107: 11102: 11097: 11096: 11095: 11085: 11083:Arctic Council 11080: 11075: 11070: 11065: 11064: 11063: 11058: 11048: 11047: 11046: 11036: 11031: 11026: 11021: 11016: 11010: 11008: 11002: 11001: 10999: 10998: 10993: 10992: 10991: 10981: 10976: 10971: 10966: 10961: 10960: 10959: 10949: 10944: 10939: 10934: 10929: 10924: 10919: 10913: 10911: 10907: 10906: 10885: 10884: 10877: 10870: 10862: 10853: 10852: 10840: 10837: 10836: 10834: 10833: 10826: 10819: 10812: 10805: 10804: 10803: 10793: 10792: 10791: 10786: 10776: 10771: 10766: 10761: 10759:Boquerón, Cuba 10756: 10751: 10746: 10741: 10736: 10731: 10726: 10721: 10716: 10714:Varela Project 10711: 10706: 10701: 10696: 10691: 10686: 10681: 10676: 10671: 10666: 10661: 10656: 10651: 10646: 10641: 10636: 10631: 10626: 10621: 10616: 10611: 10606: 10601: 10600: 10599: 10594: 10589: 10582:Guantánamo Bay 10579: 10574: 10573: 10572: 10567: 10562: 10552: 10546: 10544: 10540: 10539: 10537: 10536: 10531: 10526: 10521: 10516: 10515: 10514: 10504: 10499: 10494: 10488: 10486: 10482: 10481: 10479: 10478: 10473: 10468: 10463: 10458: 10453: 10448: 10446:Carlos Alvarez 10443: 10438: 10436:Elián González 10433: 10428: 10423: 10418: 10417: 10416: 10406: 10401: 10396: 10395: 10394: 10389: 10379: 10374: 10373: 10372: 10367: 10362: 10357: 10347: 10342: 10337: 10336: 10335: 10325: 10320: 10314: 10312: 10308: 10307: 10305: 10304: 10299: 10294: 10289: 10284: 10283: 10282: 10272: 10267: 10262: 10261: 10260: 10255: 10250: 10245: 10240: 10235: 10230: 10225: 10215: 10214: 10213: 10208: 10203: 10198: 10193: 10183: 10182: 10181: 10176: 10166: 10165: 10164: 10154: 10149: 10148: 10147: 10142: 10137: 10132: 10127: 10126: 10125: 10115: 10104: 10102: 10098: 10097: 10095: 10094: 10093: 10092: 10082: 10077: 10072: 10067: 10062: 10057: 10052: 10047: 10041: 10039: 10035: 10034: 10032: 10031: 10026: 10021: 10016: 10011: 10006: 10000: 9998: 9994: 9993: 9972: 9971: 9964: 9957: 9949: 9940: 9939: 9927: 9924: 9923: 9921: 9920: 9913: 9906: 9899: 9892: 9885: 9878: 9871: 9864: 9857: 9850: 9845: 9840: 9835: 9830: 9825: 9820: 9815: 9810: 9805: 9800: 9795: 9790: 9785: 9780: 9775: 9770: 9765: 9760: 9755: 9750: 9745: 9740: 9735: 9730: 9725: 9720: 9715: 9710: 9705: 9700: 9695: 9690: 9685: 9680: 9675: 9670: 9665: 9660: 9655: 9650: 9645: 9640: 9639: 9638: 9628: 9623: 9618: 9613: 9608: 9607: 9606: 9596: 9591: 9586: 9585: 9584: 9572: 9567: 9562: 9557: 9552: 9547: 9541: 9539: 9535: 9534: 9532: 9531: 9526: 9516: 9515: 9514: 9504: 9499: 9494: 9489: 9484: 9478: 9476: 9472: 9471: 9469: 9468: 9463: 9458: 9453: 9448: 9443: 9438: 9433: 9428: 9423: 9418: 9413: 9408: 9403: 9398: 9393: 9391:Wolf Amendment 9388: 9383: 9378: 9373: 9368: 9363: 9362: 9361: 9351: 9346: 9341: 9336: 9330: 9328: 9324: 9323: 9321: 9320: 9315: 9314: 9313: 9308: 9303: 9298: 9293: 9288: 9283: 9278: 9273: 9263: 9262: 9261: 9254:Yangtze Patrol 9250: 9248: 9242: 9241: 9239: 9238: 9233: 9228: 9223: 9222: 9221: 9211: 9210: 9209: 9208: 9207: 9197: 9192: 9182: 9177: 9172: 9167: 9162: 9157: 9156: 9155: 9145: 9140: 9139: 9138: 9128: 9123: 9118: 9113: 9108: 9103: 9098: 9093: 9088: 9083: 9078: 9073: 9072: 9071: 9066: 9056: 9054:Yinhe incident 9051: 9046: 9041: 9036: 9031: 9026: 9025: 9024: 9014: 9009: 9004: 8999: 8994: 8989: 8984: 8982:Rover incident 8978: 8976: 8972: 8971: 8969: 8968: 8963: 8958: 8957: 8956: 8951: 8946: 8945: 8944: 8929: 8928: 8927: 8917: 8912: 8911: 8910: 8905: 8894: 8892: 8888: 8887: 8885: 8884: 8879: 8874: 8869: 8864: 8859: 8854: 8849: 8844: 8843: 8842: 8832: 8831: 8830: 8825: 8823:Harvey Feldman 8820: 8813: 8808: 8803: 8798: 8788: 8783: 8782: 8781: 8776: 8766: 8761: 8756: 8755: 8754: 8749: 8739: 8734: 8729: 8724: 8718: 8716: 8710: 8709: 8707: 8706: 8705: 8704: 8694: 8693: 8692: 8687: 8682: 8677: 8672: 8667: 8659: 8658: 8657: 8652: 8644: 8639: 8634: 8629: 8623: 8621: 8617: 8616: 8595: 8594: 8587: 8580: 8572: 8563: 8562: 8550: 8547: 8546: 8544: 8543: 8536: 8529: 8522: 8521: 8520: 8510: 8505: 8500: 8495: 8490: 8485: 8480: 8475: 8470: 8465: 8460: 8455: 8450: 8445: 8440: 8435: 8430: 8425: 8420: 8415: 8410: 8405: 8400: 8395: 8390: 8385: 8380: 8375: 8370: 8365: 8360: 8355: 8354: 8353: 8343: 8342: 8341: 8336: 8326: 8325: 8324: 8322:Indian Reserve 8319: 8309: 8304: 8303: 8302: 8292: 8287: 8282: 8280:Continentalism 8277: 8276: 8275: 8273:Unionest Party 8270: 8265: 8264: 8263: 8253: 8248: 8247: 8246: 8231: 8226: 8221: 8216: 8211: 8206: 8201: 8200: 8199: 8194: 8184: 8179: 8174: 8173: 8172: 8162: 8156: 8154: 8150: 8149: 8147: 8146: 8141: 8140: 8139: 8134: 8129: 8124: 8119: 8117:Pig War (1859) 8114: 8109: 8104: 8099: 8094: 8089: 8084: 8082:Dixon Entrance 8079: 8074: 8069: 8064: 8059: 8054: 8044: 8043: 8042: 8031: 8029: 8023: 8022: 8020: 8019: 8014: 8009: 8004: 7999: 7994: 7989: 7984: 7979: 7974: 7969: 7964: 7959: 7954: 7949: 7944: 7939: 7934: 7929: 7924: 7919: 7914: 7909: 7904: 7899: 7894: 7888: 7886: 7880: 7879: 7877: 7876: 7871: 7866: 7865: 7864: 7859: 7849: 7844: 7843: 7842: 7837: 7836: 7835: 7825: 7820: 7810: 7805: 7800: 7795: 7794: 7793: 7783: 7778: 7773: 7768: 7767: 7766: 7756: 7755: 7754: 7749: 7744: 7742:Jeremy Hinzman 7739: 7729: 7724: 7722:Canadian Caper 7719: 7713: 7711: 7707: 7706: 7704: 7703: 7698: 7693: 7692: 7691: 7681: 7676: 7671: 7666: 7661: 7656: 7651: 7646: 7641: 7639:Mitchell v MNR 7636: 7631: 7626: 7621: 7616: 7611: 7606: 7601: 7596: 7591: 7586: 7581: 7576: 7571: 7566: 7561: 7556: 7551: 7546: 7541: 7536: 7531: 7530: 7529: 7524: 7519: 7514: 7504: 7498: 7496: 7492: 7491: 7489: 7488: 7483: 7478: 7476:Arctic Council 7473: 7468: 7467: 7466: 7456: 7455: 7454: 7444: 7439: 7434: 7429: 7424: 7419: 7414: 7409: 7404: 7399: 7394: 7389: 7384: 7379: 7378: 7377: 7367: 7366: 7365: 7358:Halibut Treaty 7355: 7350: 7345: 7340: 7335: 7329: 7327: 7321: 7320: 7318: 7317: 7312: 7307: 7302: 7297: 7292: 7287: 7282: 7277: 7271: 7269: 7265: 7264: 7243: 7242: 7235: 7228: 7220: 7211: 7210: 7198: 7195: 7194: 7192: 7191: 7184: 7179: 7174: 7169: 7164: 7159: 7154: 7149: 7144: 7138: 7136: 7132: 7131: 7129: 7128: 7123: 7118: 7113: 7112: 7111: 7101: 7096: 7091: 7086: 7080: 7078: 7074: 7073: 7071: 7070: 7065: 7060: 7054: 7052: 7048: 7047: 7026: 7025: 7018: 7011: 7003: 6997: 6996: 6980: 6979:(8 April 2023) 6966: 6965:External links 6963: 6960: 6959: 6926: 6900: 6864: 6839: 6813: 6779: 6756: 6729: 6703: 6681: 6678:. May 8, 2024. 6661: 6633: 6605: 6577: 6548: 6520: 6492: 6463: 6432: 6398: 6364: 6333: 6302: 6271: 6240: 6213: 6211: 6210: 6103: 6085: 6053: 6020: 5997: 5974: 5951: 5925: 5908:Foreign Policy 5894: 5861: 5830: 5803: 5778: 5755: 5717: 5686: 5684: 5683: 5656: 5611: 5587: 5539: 5531:10.17226/25889 5489: 5459: 5432: 5397: 5389:10.17226/25889 5369: 5350: 5330: 5304: 5256: 5225: 5165: 5118: 5116: 5115: 5038: 4998: 4945: 4902: 4873: 4867:10.1101/510834 4849: 4815: 4784: 4753: 4711: 4680: 4649: 4606: 4579: 4544: 4487: 4441: 4407: 4355: 4321: 4269: 4238: 4207: 4173: 4150: 4121: 4091: 4061: 4031: 4000: 3970: 3946: 3916: 3885: 3866: 3839: 3813: 3777: 3747: 3716: 3685: 3662: 3631: 3601: 3567: 3537: 3501: 3467: 3447: 3429:The New Yorker 3411: 3390:Ottawa Citizen 3375: 3357:The New Yorker 3339: 3305: 3271: 3242: 3215: 3185: 3158: 3128: 3108: 3104:New York Times 3091:Dan Bilefsky, 3084: 3053: 3030: 3004: 2977: 2947: 2920: 2893: 2862: 2835: 2812: 2782: 2755: 2720: 2690: 2663: 2633: 2601: 2572:(2): 402–405. 2552: 2530: 2496: 2459: 2412: 2383: 2350: 2328:The New Yorker 2288: 2252: 2221: 2172: 2141: 2097: 2071: 2040: 2010: 1952: 1933:(4): 655–661. 1898: 1868: 1840: 1812: 1782: 1781: 1779: 1776: 1775: 1774: 1769: 1764: 1759: 1754: 1749: 1744: 1738: 1733: 1725: 1722: 1688: 1685: 1664: 1661: 1637: 1634: 1626:Christo Grozev 1596:GRU Unit 29155 1564: 1558: 1552: 1549: 1547: 1544: 1515:Vladimir Putin 1505: 1502: 1458: 1455: 1453: 1450: 1437: 1436: 1432: 1417: 1414: 1393: 1390: 1375: 1372: 1308:David S. Cohen 1273: 1270: 1265:The New Yorker 1249:The New Yorker 1244: 1238: 1234:Antony Blinken 1212: 1209: 1155: 1152: 1149: 1148: 1128:it, or adding 1109: 1107: 1100: 1094: 1091: 1075:Sarah McCammon 1059:Linda Birnbaum 1046: 1043: 967:New York Times 951:New York Times 945: 942: 893: 890: 862: 859: 750: 744: 738:The New Yorker 729:Peter Kornbluh 668: 665: 663: 660: 647: 644: 614:2015 Iran deal 574: 571: 550: 547: 521:Vice President 517:Hanoi, Vietnam 508: 505: 456: 453: 409:Moscow, Russia 404: 401: 365: 362: 343: 340: 314: 311: 305: 302: 281: 278: 276: 273: 248:review article 243: 240: 207: 204: 119: 118: 117:Not determined 115: 111: 110: 109: 108: 105: 102: 99: 95: 94: 90: 89: 86: 83: 80: 77: 73: 72: 67: 61: 60: 52: 51: 43: 42: 35: 31: 30: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11699: 11688: 11685: 11683: 11680: 11678: 11675: 11673: 11670: 11668: 11665: 11663: 11660: 11658: 11655: 11653: 11650: 11648: 11645: 11643: 11640: 11638: 11635: 11633: 11630: 11628: 11625: 11623: 11620: 11618: 11615: 11613: 11610: 11608: 11605: 11604: 11602: 11589: 11579: 11573: 11572: 11568: 11566: 11563: 11561: 11558: 11556: 11553: 11551: 11548: 11546: 11543: 11541: 11538: 11536: 11533: 11531: 11528: 11526: 11523: 11521: 11518: 11516: 11513: 11511: 11508: 11506: 11503: 11501: 11498: 11496: 11493: 11491: 11488: 11486: 11483: 11481: 11478: 11476: 11473: 11471: 11468: 11466: 11463: 11461: 11458: 11457: 11455: 11451: 11445: 11442: 11440: 11437: 11435: 11432: 11430: 11427: 11425: 11422: 11420: 11417: 11416: 11414: 11410: 11404: 11401: 11399: 11396: 11394: 11391: 11389: 11386: 11384: 11381: 11379: 11376: 11374: 11371: 11369: 11366: 11364: 11361: 11359: 11356: 11354: 11353:Magnitsky Act 11351: 11349: 11346: 11344: 11341: 11340: 11338: 11334: 11328: 11326: 11322: 11320: 11317: 11315: 11312: 11310: 11307: 11305: 11302: 11300: 11297: 11295: 11292: 11290: 11287: 11285: 11282: 11278: 11275: 11274: 11273: 11270: 11268: 11265: 11261: 11258: 11256: 11253: 11251: 11248: 11244: 11241: 11239: 11236: 11234: 11231: 11230: 11229: 11226: 11225: 11223: 11219: 11216: 11215: 11214: 11211: 11209: 11206: 11204: 11201: 11199: 11196: 11194: 11191: 11189: 11186: 11184: 11181: 11179: 11176: 11174: 11171: 11169: 11166: 11164: 11161: 11159: 11156: 11155: 11153: 11151: 11147: 11141: 11138: 11136: 11133: 11131: 11128: 11126: 11123: 11121: 11118: 11116: 11113: 11111: 11108: 11106: 11103: 11101: 11098: 11094: 11091: 11090: 11089: 11086: 11084: 11081: 11079: 11076: 11074: 11071: 11069: 11066: 11062: 11059: 11057: 11054: 11053: 11052: 11049: 11045: 11042: 11041: 11040: 11039:Russian reset 11037: 11035: 11032: 11030: 11027: 11025: 11022: 11020: 11017: 11015: 11012: 11011: 11009: 11007: 11003: 10997: 10994: 10990: 10987: 10986: 10985: 10982: 10980: 10979:Pioneer Point 10977: 10975: 10972: 10970: 10967: 10965: 10962: 10958: 10955: 10954: 10953: 10950: 10948: 10945: 10943: 10940: 10938: 10935: 10933: 10930: 10928: 10925: 10923: 10920: 10918: 10915: 10914: 10912: 10908: 10902: 10897: 10892: 10883: 10878: 10876: 10871: 10869: 10864: 10863: 10860: 10850: 10849: 10838: 10832: 10831: 10827: 10825: 10824: 10820: 10818: 10817: 10816:The Cuba Wars 10813: 10811: 10810: 10806: 10802: 10799: 10798: 10797: 10794: 10790: 10789:Orlando Bosch 10787: 10785: 10782: 10781: 10780: 10777: 10775: 10772: 10770: 10767: 10765: 10762: 10760: 10757: 10755: 10752: 10750: 10747: 10745: 10742: 10740: 10737: 10735: 10732: 10730: 10727: 10725: 10722: 10720: 10717: 10715: 10712: 10710: 10707: 10705: 10702: 10700: 10697: 10695: 10692: 10690: 10687: 10685: 10682: 10680: 10677: 10675: 10672: 10670: 10667: 10665: 10662: 10660: 10657: 10655: 10652: 10650: 10647: 10645: 10642: 10640: 10637: 10635: 10632: 10630: 10627: 10625: 10622: 10620: 10617: 10615: 10612: 10610: 10607: 10605: 10602: 10598: 10595: 10593: 10590: 10588: 10585: 10584: 10583: 10580: 10578: 10575: 10571: 10568: 10566: 10563: 10561: 10560:Little Havana 10558: 10557: 10556: 10553: 10551: 10548: 10547: 10545: 10541: 10535: 10532: 10530: 10527: 10525: 10522: 10520: 10517: 10513: 10510: 10509: 10508: 10505: 10503: 10500: 10498: 10495: 10493: 10490: 10489: 10487: 10483: 10477: 10474: 10472: 10469: 10467: 10464: 10462: 10459: 10457: 10456:Kendall Myers 10454: 10452: 10449: 10447: 10444: 10442: 10439: 10437: 10434: 10432: 10429: 10427: 10424: 10422: 10419: 10415: 10412: 10411: 10410: 10407: 10405: 10404:Regan v. Wald 10402: 10400: 10399:Sandy Pollack 10397: 10393: 10390: 10388: 10385: 10384: 10383: 10380: 10378: 10375: 10371: 10368: 10366: 10363: 10361: 10358: 10356: 10353: 10352: 10351: 10348: 10346: 10345:Zemel v. Rusk 10343: 10341: 10338: 10334: 10331: 10330: 10329: 10326: 10324: 10321: 10319: 10316: 10315: 10313: 10309: 10303: 10300: 10298: 10295: 10293: 10290: 10288: 10285: 10281: 10278: 10277: 10276: 10273: 10271: 10268: 10266: 10263: 10259: 10256: 10254: 10251: 10249: 10246: 10244: 10241: 10239: 10236: 10234: 10231: 10229: 10226: 10224: 10221: 10220: 10219: 10216: 10212: 10209: 10207: 10204: 10202: 10199: 10197: 10194: 10192: 10189: 10188: 10187: 10184: 10180: 10177: 10175: 10172: 10171: 10170: 10167: 10163: 10160: 10159: 10158: 10155: 10153: 10150: 10146: 10143: 10141: 10138: 10136: 10133: 10131: 10128: 10124: 10121: 10120: 10119: 10116: 10114: 10111: 10110: 10109: 10106: 10105: 10103: 10099: 10091: 10088: 10087: 10086: 10083: 10081: 10078: 10076: 10073: 10071: 10068: 10066: 10063: 10061: 10058: 10056: 10053: 10051: 10048: 10046: 10043: 10042: 10040: 10036: 10030: 10027: 10025: 10022: 10020: 10017: 10015: 10012: 10010: 10007: 10005: 10002: 10001: 9999: 9995: 9989: 9984: 9979: 9970: 9965: 9963: 9958: 9956: 9951: 9950: 9947: 9937: 9936: 9925: 9919: 9918: 9914: 9912: 9911: 9907: 9905: 9904: 9900: 9898: 9897: 9893: 9891: 9890: 9886: 9884: 9883: 9879: 9877: 9876: 9872: 9870: 9869: 9865: 9863: 9862: 9858: 9856: 9855: 9851: 9849: 9846: 9844: 9841: 9839: 9836: 9834: 9831: 9829: 9826: 9824: 9821: 9819: 9816: 9814: 9811: 9809: 9806: 9804: 9801: 9799: 9796: 9794: 9791: 9789: 9786: 9784: 9781: 9779: 9776: 9774: 9771: 9769: 9766: 9764: 9761: 9759: 9756: 9754: 9751: 9749: 9746: 9744: 9741: 9739: 9736: 9734: 9731: 9729: 9726: 9724: 9721: 9719: 9716: 9714: 9711: 9709: 9706: 9704: 9701: 9699: 9696: 9694: 9691: 9689: 9686: 9684: 9681: 9679: 9676: 9674: 9671: 9669: 9666: 9664: 9661: 9659: 9656: 9654: 9651: 9649: 9646: 9644: 9641: 9637: 9634: 9633: 9632: 9629: 9627: 9624: 9622: 9621:China watcher 9619: 9617: 9614: 9612: 9609: 9605: 9602: 9601: 9600: 9597: 9595: 9592: 9590: 9587: 9583: 9582: 9578: 9577: 9576: 9573: 9571: 9568: 9566: 9563: 9561: 9558: 9556: 9553: 9551: 9548: 9546: 9543: 9542: 9540: 9536: 9530: 9527: 9524: 9523:Trump tariffs 9520: 9517: 9513: 9510: 9509: 9508: 9505: 9503: 9500: 9498: 9495: 9493: 9490: 9488: 9485: 9483: 9480: 9479: 9477: 9473: 9467: 9464: 9462: 9459: 9457: 9454: 9452: 9449: 9447: 9444: 9442: 9439: 9437: 9434: 9432: 9429: 9427: 9424: 9422: 9419: 9417: 9414: 9412: 9409: 9407: 9404: 9402: 9401:EQUITABLE Act 9399: 9397: 9394: 9392: 9389: 9387: 9384: 9382: 9379: 9377: 9374: 9372: 9369: 9367: 9364: 9360: 9357: 9356: 9355: 9352: 9350: 9347: 9345: 9342: 9340: 9337: 9335: 9332: 9331: 9329: 9325: 9319: 9316: 9312: 9309: 9307: 9304: 9302: 9301:Flying Tigers 9299: 9297: 9296:Dixie Mission 9294: 9292: 9291:China Marines 9289: 9287: 9284: 9282: 9279: 9277: 9274: 9272: 9269: 9268: 9267: 9264: 9260: 9257: 9256: 9255: 9252: 9251: 9249: 9247: 9243: 9237: 9234: 9232: 9229: 9227: 9224: 9220: 9217: 9216: 9215: 9212: 9206: 9203: 9202: 9201: 9198: 9196: 9193: 9191: 9188: 9187: 9186: 9183: 9181: 9178: 9176: 9173: 9171: 9168: 9166: 9163: 9161: 9158: 9154: 9151: 9150: 9149: 9146: 9144: 9141: 9137: 9134: 9133: 9132: 9129: 9127: 9124: 9122: 9119: 9117: 9114: 9112: 9109: 9107: 9104: 9102: 9099: 9097: 9094: 9092: 9089: 9087: 9084: 9082: 9079: 9077: 9074: 9070: 9067: 9065: 9062: 9061: 9060: 9057: 9055: 9052: 9050: 9047: 9045: 9042: 9040: 9037: 9035: 9032: 9030: 9027: 9023: 9020: 9019: 9018: 9015: 9013: 9010: 9008: 9005: 9003: 9000: 8998: 8995: 8993: 8990: 8988: 8985: 8983: 8980: 8979: 8977: 8973: 8967: 8964: 8962: 8959: 8955: 8952: 8950: 8947: 8943: 8940: 8939: 8938: 8935: 8934: 8933: 8930: 8926: 8923: 8922: 8921: 8918: 8916: 8913: 8909: 8906: 8904: 8901: 8900: 8899: 8896: 8895: 8893: 8889: 8883: 8880: 8878: 8875: 8873: 8870: 8868: 8865: 8863: 8860: 8858: 8855: 8853: 8850: 8848: 8845: 8841: 8838: 8837: 8836: 8833: 8829: 8826: 8824: 8821: 8819: 8818: 8814: 8812: 8809: 8807: 8804: 8802: 8799: 8797: 8794: 8793: 8792: 8789: 8787: 8784: 8780: 8777: 8775: 8774:Loss of China 8772: 8771: 8770: 8767: 8765: 8762: 8760: 8757: 8753: 8750: 8748: 8745: 8744: 8743: 8740: 8738: 8735: 8733: 8730: 8728: 8725: 8723: 8720: 8719: 8717: 8715: 8711: 8703: 8700: 8699: 8698: 8695: 8691: 8688: 8686: 8683: 8681: 8678: 8676: 8673: 8671: 8668: 8666: 8663: 8662: 8660: 8656: 8653: 8651: 8648: 8647: 8645: 8643: 8640: 8638: 8635: 8633: 8630: 8628: 8625: 8624: 8622: 8618: 8612: 8607: 8602: 8593: 8588: 8586: 8581: 8579: 8574: 8573: 8570: 8560: 8559: 8548: 8542: 8541: 8537: 8535: 8534: 8530: 8528: 8527: 8523: 8519: 8516: 8515: 8514: 8511: 8509: 8506: 8504: 8501: 8499: 8496: 8494: 8491: 8489: 8486: 8484: 8481: 8479: 8476: 8474: 8471: 8469: 8466: 8464: 8461: 8459: 8456: 8454: 8451: 8449: 8446: 8444: 8441: 8439: 8436: 8434: 8431: 8429: 8426: 8424: 8421: 8419: 8416: 8414: 8411: 8409: 8406: 8404: 8401: 8399: 8396: 8394: 8391: 8389: 8386: 8384: 8381: 8379: 8376: 8374: 8371: 8369: 8366: 8364: 8361: 8359: 8356: 8352: 8349: 8348: 8347: 8344: 8340: 8337: 8335: 8332: 8331: 8330: 8329:Aroostook War 8327: 8323: 8320: 8318: 8315: 8314: 8313: 8310: 8308: 8305: 8301: 8298: 8297: 8296: 8293: 8291: 8288: 8286: 8283: 8281: 8278: 8274: 8271: 8269: 8266: 8262: 8259: 8258: 8257: 8254: 8252: 8249: 8245: 8242: 8241: 8240: 8237: 8236: 8235: 8232: 8230: 8227: 8225: 8222: 8220: 8217: 8215: 8212: 8210: 8207: 8205: 8202: 8198: 8195: 8193: 8190: 8189: 8188: 8185: 8183: 8180: 8178: 8177:Little Canada 8175: 8171: 8168: 8167: 8166: 8163: 8161: 8158: 8157: 8155: 8151: 8145: 8142: 8138: 8135: 8133: 8130: 8128: 8125: 8123: 8120: 8118: 8115: 8113: 8112:Pearse Island 8110: 8108: 8105: 8103: 8100: 8098: 8095: 8093: 8090: 8088: 8085: 8083: 8080: 8078: 8075: 8073: 8070: 8068: 8065: 8063: 8060: 8058: 8055: 8053: 8050: 8049: 8048: 8045: 8041: 8038: 8037: 8036: 8033: 8032: 8030: 8028: 8024: 8018: 8015: 8013: 8010: 8008: 8005: 8003: 8000: 7998: 7995: 7993: 7990: 7988: 7985: 7983: 7980: 7978: 7975: 7973: 7970: 7968: 7965: 7963: 7960: 7958: 7955: 7953: 7950: 7948: 7945: 7943: 7940: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7930: 7928: 7925: 7923: 7920: 7918: 7915: 7913: 7910: 7908: 7905: 7903: 7900: 7898: 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