380:, the Bell Labs patent lawyers wanted to know why some people were so much more productive (in terms of patents) than others. After crunching a lot of data, they found that the only thing the productive employees had in common (other than having made it through the Bell Labs hiring process) was that "Workers with the most patents often shared lunch or breakfast with a Bell Labs electrical engineer named Harry Nyquist. It wasn't the case that Nyquist gave them specific ideas. Rather, as one scientist recalled, 'he drew people out, got them thinking'" (p. 135).
400:
774:
357:"for his theoretical analyses and practical inventions in the field of communications systems during the past forty years including, particularly, his original work in the theories of telegraph transmission, thermal noise in electric conductors, and in the history of feedback systems." In 1969 he was awarded the
31:
302:. He was the son of Lars Jonsson Nyqvist (1847â1930) and Catarina (or Katrina) Eriksdotter (1857â1920). His parents had eight children: Elin Teresia, Astrid, Selma, Harry Theodor, Amelie, Olga Maria, Axel Martin and Herta Alfrida. He immigrated to the
473:: sampling rate twice the bandwidth of the signal's waveform being sampled; sampling at a rate that is equal to, or faster, than this rate ensures that the waveform can be reconstructed accurately.
841:
789:
426:, he helped to develop AT&T's first facsimile machines that were made public in 1924. In 1932, he published a classic paper on stability of feedback amplifiers. The
349:
in 1960 for "fundamental contributions to a quantitative understanding of thermal noise, data transmission and negative feedback." In
October 1960 he was awarded the
834:
810:
441:. In particular, Nyquist determined that the number of independent pulses that could be put through a telegraph channel per unit time is limited to twice the
827:
1110:
1090:
802:
433:
His early theoretical work on determining the bandwidth requirements for transmitting information laid the foundations for later advances by
361:'s fourth Founder's Medal "in recognition of his many fundamental contributions to engineering." In 1975 Nyquist received together with
1080:
1105:
575:
370:
753:
1065:
1060:
1045:
1040:
458:
123:
571:
1100:
807:
1095:
1075:
318:
in 1912 and received B.S. and M.S. degrees in electrical engineering in 1914 and 1915, respectively. He received a
1085:
358:
155:
778:
497:
684:
442:
1070:
502:
427:
135:
1055:
894:
315:
113:
479:: half the sample rate of a system; signal frequencies below this value are unambiguously represented.
408:
131:
870:
1050:
936:
882:
366:
350:
175:
170:
930:
215:
403:
Memorial to Harry
Nyquist at the University of North Dakota's College of Engineering and Mines
1002:
942:
900:
492:
454:
139:
1035:
1030:
990:
948:
864:
728:
605:
534:
319:
283:
338:'s Department of Development and Research from 1917 to 1934, and continued when it became
8:
850:
346:
279:
193:
165:
732:
609:
538:
912:
876:
701:
697:
660:
656:
438:
354:
960:
744:
664:
621:
476:
339:
203:
147:
705:
966:
736:
693:
652:
613:
542:
407:
As an engineer at Bell
Laboratories, Nyquist did important work on thermal noise ("
388:
275:
270:
233:
210:
77:
996:
924:
888:
814:
784:
423:
323:
109:
740:
596:
Nyquist, H. (1928-07-01). "Thermal
Agitation of Electric Charge in Conductors".
1008:
972:
954:
906:
793:
482:
434:
151:
1024:
797:
748:
625:
335:
303:
984:
978:
640:
617:
487:
470:
384:
362:
143:
127:
679:
727:(2). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE): 617â644.
295:
55:
719:
Nyquist, H. (1928). "Certain Topics in
Telegraph Transmission Theory".
399:
819:
547:
522:
415:
378:
The Idea
Factory: Bell Labs and the Great Age of American Innovation
412:
422:, television, and other important communications problems. With
294:
Nyquist was born in the village Nilsby of the parish Stora Kil,
30:
773:
430:
can now be found in many textbooks on feedback control theory.
299:
59:
721:
Transactions of the
American Institute of Electrical Engineers
16:
Swedish-American physicist and electrical engineer (1889â1976)
803:
K.J.Astrom: Nyquist and his seminal papers, 2005 presentation
81:
242:
419:
251:
445:
of the channel, and published his results in the papers
254:
248:
245:
239:
257:
236:
1022:
464:
604:(1). American Physical Society (APS): 110â113.
451:Certain topics in Telegraph Transmission Theory
785:IEEE Global History Network page about Nyquist
835:
680:"Certain factors affecting telegraph speed"
561:"Sveriges befolkning 1900" : Nyqvist, Harry
842:
828:
394:
274:; February 7, 1889 â April 4, 1976) was a
546:
447:Certain factors affecting telegraph speed
342:that year, until his retirement in 1954.
1111:Fellows of the American Physical Society
576:American Society of Mechanical Engineers
398:
371:American Society of Mechanical Engineers
849:
718:
677:
638:
595:
1091:Swedish emigrants to the United States
1023:
823:
269:
756:Proc. IEEE, Vol. 90, No. 2, Feb 2002
453:(1928). This rule is essentially a
282:who made important contributions to
13:
698:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1924.tb01361.x
657:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1932.tb02344.x
437:, which led to the development of
387:after his retirement, and died in
14:
1122:
1081:University of North Dakota alumni
766:
772:
459:NyquistâShannon sampling theorem
289:
232:
124:NyquistâShannon sampling theorem
29:
1106:20th-century American engineers
359:National Academy of Engineering
156:Fluctuation dissipation theorem
1066:American information theorists
1061:IEEE Medal of Honor recipients
1046:American electronics engineers
712:
671:
632:
589:
564:
555:
515:
498:Nyquist (programming language)
1:
754:Reprint as classic paper in:
685:Bell System Technical Journal
645:Bell System Technical Journal
508:
465:Terms named for Harry Nyquist
1041:People from Kil Municipality
457:of what is now known as the
309:
7:
792:with photo of Nyquist with
741:10.1109/t-aiee.1928.5055024
503:Nyquist stability criterion
428:Nyquist stability criterion
340:Bell Telephone Laboratories
136:Nyquist stability criterion
10:
1127:
316:University of North Dakota
114:University of North Dakota
1101:Mathematicians from Texas
857:
572:"Rufus Oldenburger Medal"
329:
221:
209:
199:
189:
182:
161:
119:
105:
97:
89:
66:
40:
28:
21:
1096:People from Pharr, Texas
1076:Scientists at Bell Labs
808:Nyquist biography, p. 2
678:Nyquist, Harry (1924).
395:Technical contributions
367:Rufus Oldenburger Medal
351:Stuart Ballantine Medal
176:Rufus Oldenburger Medal
171:Stuart Ballantine Medal
1086:Yale University alumni
931:Edward Victor Appleton
790:Nyquist criterion page
618:10.1103/physrev.32.110
404:
216:Henry Andrews Bumstead
943:John Hays Hammond Jr.
901:Julius Adams Stratton
641:"Regeneration theory"
493:Nyquist ISI criterion
411:"), the stability of
409:JohnsonâNyquist noise
402:
345:Nyquist received the
140:Nyquist ISI criterion
132:JohnsonâNyquist noise
991:Jay Wright Forrester
949:Harold Alden Wheeler
937:George C. Southworth
865:Vladimir K. Zworykin
781:at Wikimedia Commons
639:Nyquist, H. (1932).
533:(6): 64. June 1976.
284:communication theory
851:IEEE Medal of Honor
733:1928TAIEE..47..617N
610:1928PhRv...32..110N
539:1976PhT....29f..64.
280:electronic engineer
271:[ËnšËkvÉŞst]
194:Electronic engineer
166:IEEE Medal of Honor
54:Nilsby, Stora Kil,
1071:Information theory
913:Emory Leon Chaffee
883:William L. Everitt
871:Walter R. G. Baker
813:2013-12-28 at the
439:information theory
405:
391:on April 4, 1976.
355:Franklin Institute
347:IRE Medal of Honor
101:Swedish / American
1056:Control theorists
1018:
1017:
961:Charles H. Townes
777:Media related to
548:10.1063/1.3023534
477:Nyquist frequency
383:Nyquist lived in
225:
224:
204:Bell Laboratories
184:Scientific career
148:Nyquist frequency
1118:
1003:Rudolf E. KĂĄlmĂĄn
967:Gordon Kidd Teal
895:John V. L. Hogan
844:
837:
830:
821:
820:
776:
760:
752:
716:
710:
709:
675:
669:
668:
636:
630:
629:
593:
587:
586:
584:
582:
568:
562:
559:
553:
552:
550:
519:
389:Harlingen, Texas
276:Swedish-American
273:
268:
264:
263:
260:
259:
256:
253:
250:
247:
244:
241:
238:
211:Doctoral advisor
73:
51:February 7, 1889
50:
48:
33:
19:
18:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1115:
1051:AT&T people
1021:
1020:
1019:
1014:
997:Rudolf Kompfner
925:Ernst Guillemin
889:Harald T. Friis
853:
848:
815:Wayback Machine
769:
764:
763:
717:
713:
676:
672:
637:
633:
598:Physical Review
594:
590:
580:
578:
570:
569:
565:
560:
556:
523:"Harry Nyquist"
521:
520:
516:
511:
467:
424:Herbert E. Ives
397:
376:As reported in
332:
324:Yale University
314:He entered the
312:
292:
266:
235:
231:
174:
169:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
112:
110:Yale University
106:Alma mater
85:
75:
71:
62:
52:
46:
44:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1124:
1114:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1012:
1009:John R. Pierce
1006:
1000:
994:
988:
982:
976:
973:Edward Ginzton
970:
964:
958:
955:Claude Shannon
952:
946:
940:
934:
928:
922:
916:
910:
907:Albert W. Hull
904:
898:
892:
886:
880:
877:John M. Miller
874:
868:
861:
859:
855:
854:
847:
846:
839:
832:
824:
818:
817:
805:
800:
794:John R. Pierce
787:
782:
768:
767:External links
765:
762:
761:
711:
692:(2): 324â346.
670:
631:
588:
563:
554:
513:
512:
510:
507:
506:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
483:Nyquist filter
480:
474:
466:
463:
435:Claude Shannon
418:, telegraphy,
396:
393:
331:
328:
322:in physics at
311:
308:
291:
288:
278:physicist and
223:
222:
219:
218:
213:
207:
206:
201:
197:
196:
191:
187:
186:
180:
179:
163:
159:
158:
152:Nyquist filter
121:
120:Known for
117:
116:
107:
103:
102:
99:
95:
94:
91:
87:
86:
76:
74:(aged 87)
68:
64:
63:
53:
42:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1123:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
989:
986:
983:
980:
977:
974:
971:
968:
965:
962:
959:
956:
953:
950:
947:
944:
941:
938:
935:
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
919:Harry Nyquist
917:
914:
911:
908:
905:
902:
899:
896:
893:
890:
887:
884:
881:
878:
875:
872:
869:
866:
863:
862:
860:
856:
852:
845:
840:
838:
833:
831:
826:
825:
822:
816:
812:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
798:Rudy Kompfner
795:
791:
788:
786:
783:
780:
779:Harry Nyquist
775:
771:
770:
758:
757:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
715:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
686:
681:
674:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
635:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
592:
577:
573:
567:
558:
549:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
527:Physics Today
524:
518:
514:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
478:
475:
472:
469:
468:
462:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
431:
429:
425:
421:
417:
414:
410:
401:
392:
390:
386:
381:
379:
374:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
343:
341:
337:
334:He worked at
327:
325:
321:
317:
307:
305:
304:United States
301:
297:
290:Personal life
287:
285:
281:
277:
272:
262:
229:
228:Harry Nyquist
220:
217:
214:
212:
208:
205:
202:
198:
195:
192:
188:
185:
181:
177:
172:
167:
164:
160:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
122:
118:
115:
111:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
83:
79:
70:April 4, 1976
69:
65:
61:
57:
43:
39:
35:Harry Nyquist
32:
27:
23:Harry Nyquist
20:
985:John Bardeen
979:Dennis Gabor
918:
755:
724:
720:
714:
689:
683:
673:
648:
644:
634:
601:
597:
591:
581:February 21,
579:. Retrieved
566:
557:
530:
526:
517:
488:Nyquist plot
471:Nyquist rate
450:
446:
432:
406:
385:Pharr, Texas
382:
377:
375:
363:Hendrik Bode
344:
333:
313:
293:
227:
226:
200:Institutions
183:
144:Nyquist plot
128:Nyquist rate
72:(1976-04-04)
1036:1976 deaths
1031:1889 births
651:: 126â147.
449:(1924) and
98:Citizenship
90:Nationality
1025:Categories
509:References
416:amplifiers
47:1889-02-07
858:1951â1975
749:0096-3860
665:115002788
626:0031-899X
443:bandwidth
420:facsimile
369:from the
326:in 1917.
310:Education
306:in 1907.
78:Harlingen
811:Archived
706:51630538
413:feedback
336:AT&T
296:Värmland
267:Swedish:
56:Värmland
729:Bibcode
606:Bibcode
535:Bibcode
353:of the
93:Swedish
1011:(1975)
1005:(1974)
999:(1973)
993:(1972)
987:(1971)
981:(1970)
975:(1969)
969:(1968)
963:(1967)
957:(1966)
951:(1964)
945:(1963)
939:(1963)
933:(1962)
927:(1961)
921:(1960)
915:(1959)
909:(1958)
903:(1957)
897:(1956)
891:(1955)
885:(1954)
879:(1953)
873:(1952)
867:(1951)
747:
704:
663:
624:
330:Career
300:Sweden
190:Fields
178:(1975)
173:(1960)
168:(1960)
162:Awards
84:, U.S.
60:Sweden
702:S2CID
661:S2CID
320:Ph.D.
82:Texas
796:and
745:ISSN
622:ISSN
583:2013
455:dual
365:the
67:Died
41:Born
737:doi
694:doi
653:doi
614:doi
543:doi
1027::
743:.
735:.
725:47
723:.
700:.
688:.
682:.
659:.
649:11
647:.
643:.
620:.
612:.
602:32
600:.
574:.
541:.
531:29
529:.
525:.
461:.
373:.
298:,
286:.
265:,
243:aÉŞ
80:,
58:,
843:e
836:t
829:v
759:.
751:.
739::
731::
708:.
696::
690:3
667:.
655::
628:.
616::
608::
585:.
551:.
545::
537::
261:/
258:t
255:s
252:ÉŞ
249:w
246:k
240:n
237:Ë
234:/
230:(
49:)
45:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.