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214:... He freed one girl some years before he died, and there was a great deal of talk about it. She was nearly as white as anybody and very beautiful. People said he freed her because she was his own daughter. She was not his daughter; she was __________'s daughter. I know that. I have seen him come out of her mother's room many a morning when I went up to Monticello very early. (According to Turner, "This was not the only name deleted in the original Pierson book in 1862.... Pierson sought to justify these deletions by explaining that he did 'not like to publish facts that would give pain to any that might now be living.'")
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530:"It was [Jefferson's] principle ... to allow such of his slaves as were sufficiently white to pass for white men, to withdraw quietly from the plantation; it was called running away, but they were never reclaimed. I remember four instances of this, three young men and one girl, who walked away and staid away--their whereabouts was perfectly known but they were left to themselves--for they were white enough to pass for white."
665:, PBS Frontline, 2000. Retrieved March 10, 2012. Quote: "Now, the new scientific evidence has been correlated with the existing documentary record, and a consensus of historians and other experts who have examined the issue agree that the question has largely been answered: Thomas Jefferson fathered at least one of Sally Hemings' children, and quite probably all six."
362:
could have been the father because the DNA evidence only concluded a male
Jefferson was the father. Dr. Foster wrote, "It is true that men of Randolph Jefferson's family could have fathered Sally Hemings' later children...We know from the historical and the DNA data that Thomas Jefferson can neither
357:
A vocal minority of critics, such as the Thomas
Jefferson Heritage Society (TJHS), dispute Jefferson's paternity of Hemings's children. They have concluded that there is insufficient evidence to determine that Jefferson was the father of Hemings's children. The TJHS report suggested that Jefferson's
128:
later said she had gone to
Washington, DC, to join their older brother Beverly Hemings, who had similarly left Monticello earlier that year. Both entered into white society and married white partners of good circumstances. All the Hemings children were legally slaves under Virginia law at the time,
199:
wrote that he had a policy of allowing nearly white slaves to leave and she recalled four who had, this was not accurate. Jefferson had no such policy and freed few slaves. There were many mixed-race slaves at
Monticello, both in the larger Hemings family and other slave families. Coolidge appeared
325:
published a book that analyzed the historiography of the controversy, demonstrating how historians since the 19th century had accepted early assumptions and failed to note all the facts. A consensus began to emerge after the results of a DNA analysis in 1998, which showed no match between the Carr
191:
In 1822, at the age of 21, Harriet left
Monticello. Jefferson instructed his overseer Edmund Bacon to give her $ 50 (equivalent to $ 1,140 in 2023) to help on her journey. Although legally she had escaped and was a "fugitive", Jefferson never tried to persuade her to return or posted notice of
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several years after the early death of his wife. Hemings was said to have a child born in 1790 after she returned from Paris, but it died as an infant. Hemings' first daughter who was recorded, was born in 1795. She was named
Harriet but she died in infancy. This name was prominent among women in
684:: "Ten years later , TJF and most historians now believe that, years after his wife's death, Thomas Jefferson was the father of the six children of Sally Hemings mentioned in Jefferson's records, including Beverly, Harriet, Madison and Eston Hemings." Monticello Website, accessed June 22, 2011.
230:
Jefferson indirectly and directly freed all four of the
Hemings children when they reached the age of 21: Beverley and Harriet were allowed to escape in 1822; the last two sons, Madison and Eston, were freed in his will of 1826. They were the only slave family from Monticello whose members all
290:
While
Harriet and Beverly disappeared into history, more is known about the lives of their brothers Madison and Eston Hemings, who married in Charlottesville and began their families there. They both moved to Chillicothe in the free state of Ohio after their mother died in 1835. (See
287:, Harriet likely chose to move to Washington in order to join her brother Beverley, who was already there. Their younger brother Madison said in his 1873 memoir that they had both moved there, where they married and had families. Madison said Harriet later lived in Maryland.
1574:
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separately recorded reminiscences of life at
Monticello. Both identified Thomas Jefferson as the father of all of Sally Hemings's children. A Philosophic Cock, engraved by James Akin, 1804 shows Jefferson as a cock and enslaved Sally(notice turban) as his hen. In 1811,
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in accordance of which they inherited the status of their enslaved mother, who was three-quarters
European in ancestry (making them seven-eighths European in ancestry). Jefferson freed the two youngest brothers in his will of 1826, so they were legally free.
366:
Other members of Thomas Jefferson's Monticello family have (as of 2018) accepted the fact that Thomas Jefferson is the father of Sally Hemings' six children. Eston Hemmings changed his name to Jefferson in his lifetime. In 1873, Madison Hemings and
283:, to assume the role of a white woman, and by her dress and conduct as such I am not aware that her identity as Harriet Hemings of Monticello has ever been discovered." He said that Harriet and Beverley both had children. According to the scholar
1568:
556:
According to Turner, "This was not the only name deleted in the original Pierson book in 1862.... Pierson sought to justify these deletions by explaining that he did 'not like to publish facts that would give pain to any that might now be
1414:
188:. Like the other Hemings children, Harriet had light duties as a child, which she spent mostly with her mother. At the age of 14, she was started in training to learn weaving and later worked at the cotton factory on the plantation.
231:
achieved freedom. Jefferson's daughter Martha gave Sally Hemings "her time" after his death; this enabled her to leave Monticello and live freely with her last two sons in Charlottesville for the last decade of her life.
1715:
337:
Since 1998 and the DNA study, most historians have accepted that the widower Jefferson had a long intimate relationship with Hemings, and fathered six children with her, four of whom survived to adulthood. The
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Jefferson's family. It was customary to name the next child of the same sex after one who had died. Harriet's surviving siblings were her older brother William Beverley, called Beverley; and younger brothers
124:
While Jefferson did not legally free Harriet, in 1822 when she was 21, he aided her "escape". He saw that she was put in a stage coach and given $ 50 (~$ 1,145 in 2023) for her journey. Her brother
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and gave her fifty dollars. I have never seen her since and don't know what became of her. From the time she was large enough, she always worked in the cotton factory. She never did any hard work.
258:
described his siblings and their life at Monticello and afterward, claiming Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings as their parents. He said that Jefferson had promised Hemings when she became his
168:
have written, there were numerous interracial relationships in the Wayles-Hemings-Jefferson families, Albemarle County and Virginia, often with multiple generations repeating the pattern.
238:
after requiring him to train his replacement chef for three years. He freed another of Sally's brothers and two of her nephews in his will of 1826; they had each served him for decades.
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male line, proposed for more than 150 years as the father(s), and the one Hemings descendant tested. It did show a match between the Jefferson male line and the Hemings descendant.
1117:
321:, resulting in his fathering her six children of record. The controversy dates from the 1790s. In the late 20th century, historians began reanalyzing the body of evidence. In 1997,
117:, third President of the United States, in the first year of his presidency. Most historians believe her father was Jefferson, who is now believed to have fathered, with his slave
1976:
1981:
1829:
697:, Vol. 89, No. 3, September 2001, pp. 207, 214â218. Leary concluded that "the chain of evidence securely fastens Sally Hemings's children to their father, Thomas Jefferson."
715:
772:
1095:
677:
2396:
1341:
740:(2010). "Sally Hemings: Founding Mother: Reviewed Work: Mongrel Nation: The America Begotten by Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings by Clarence E. Walker".
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children with her. They were therefore half siblings to Jefferson's wife, and they were three-quarters European. Sally was the youngest. As the historians
1944:
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1187:
803:
1016:
1005:
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1859:
1082:
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523:
313:
The Jefferson-Hemings controversy concerns the question of whether Jefferson, after becoming a widower, had an intimate relationship with his
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and the widower Thomas Jefferson. It is widely believed that Jefferson and Hemings had a 38-year secret relationship beginning in
1991:
1879:
1488:
1137:
983:
1593:
1145:
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wrote "the story of Black Sal is no farce â That cohabits with her and has a number of children with her is a sacred truth."
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1934:
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Beverly and Harriet stayed in touch with their brother Madison Hemings for some time, and then Harriet stopped writing.
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be definitely excluded nor solely implicated in the paternity of illegitimate children with his slave Sally Hemings."
1178:
917:
Friends of Liberty; Thomas Jefferson, Tadeusz Kosciuszko, and Agrippa Hull. A Tale of Three Patriots, Two Revolutions
156:, along with more than 100 other slaves. The widower Wayles had had a 12-year relationship with Betty Hemings and six
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1703:
1433:
827:
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in 2001; both reported scholars who concluded Jefferson was likely the father of all of Hemings' children. Historian
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2242:
1964:
1794:
1381:
1008:
674:
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Ancestry of Harriet Hemings; her great-grandmother Susanna was black, all her other great-grandparents were white.
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795:
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1028:
895:
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Notorious in the Neighborhood: Sex and Interracial Relationships Across the Color Line in Virginia, 1787-1861
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2182:
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In 1794, Jefferson allowed Robert Hemings, one of Sally's brothers, to buy his freedom; in 1796 he freed
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433:"Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings: When oral traditions, DNA, and corroborating evidence collide"
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Proposals for concerted operation among the powers at war with the Pyratical states of Barbary
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has attempted to examine and re-evaluate Hemings' life through the limited sources available.
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2194:
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1498:
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206:, chief overseer at Monticello for about twenty years, described Harriet's gaining freedom:
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Plan for Establishing Uniformity in the Coinage, Weights, and Measures of the United States
1039:
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Thomas Jefferson as a cock and Sally Hemings as a hen. Engraving made by James Akin in 1804
8:
2002:
1824:
1629:
1263:
571:
Jefferson at Monticello: The Private Life of Thomas Jefferson From Entirely New Materials
322:
284:
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2170:
2087:
2035:
1799:
1426:
1401:
1303:
1226:
1216:
930:, reprint with new foreword discussing DNA evidence, University of Virginia Press, 1998
855:"'She Was Part of This Family': Jefferson Descendants Reflect on Sally Hemings Exhibit"
749:
636:
628:
519:
In reference to Harriet, Ellen Randolph Coolidge, a granddaughter of Thomas Jefferson,
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211:
157:
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1834:
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that he would free all her children. His interview was published as a memoir in the
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1949:
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When she was nearly grown, by Mr. Jefferson's direction I paid her stage fare to
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125:
89:
2260:
2022:
1929:
1804:
1681:
1525:
1451:
1446:
454:"Interracial Sex In the Chesapeake and the British Atlantic World c. 1700-1820"
432:
192:
escape. Harriet Hemings was the only female slave he "freed" in his lifetime.
2340:
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1708:
1698:
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1421:
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149:
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923:. New York: Basic Books (387 Park Ave. South, New York, NY 10016â8810), 2008
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He said of his sister Harriet: "She thought it to her interest, on going to
1456:
737:
223:
824:
624:
2278:
2254:
2027:
1728:
1537:
796:"Monticello Is Done Avoiding Jefferson's Relationship With Sally Hemings"
400:
259:
153:
753:
632:
458:
Sally Hemings & Thomas Jefferson: History, Memory, and Civic Culture
2311:
2293:
2010:
1594:
Jefferson manuscript collection at the Massachusetts Historical Society
1493:
343:
110:
35:
1462:
542:
The Jefferson-Hemings Controversy: Report of the Scholars Commission
200:
to be trying to cover up his freeing the children of Sally Hemings.
2051:
1520:
1146:
Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom, 1777 draft and 1786 passage
940:
544:(2nd ed.). Durham: Carolina Academic Press. pp. 200â201.
608:
581:, Freeport, NY: Books for Libraries Press, pp. 103-111. Includes
106:
346:, conducted an independent historic review in 2000, as did the
1982:
Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence
1830:
Thomas Jefferson Center for the Protection of Free Expression
176:
875:
928:
Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings: An American Controversy
508:
Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings: An American Controversy
269:
611:(2006). "In search of Sally Hemings in the post-DNA era".
1096:
Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms
502:
500:
498:
496:
494:
492:
490:
825:"The Scholars Commission on the Jefferson-Hemings Issue"
769:"Life At Jefferson's Monticello, As His Slaves Saw It"
708:"Jefferson's Three Daughters â Two Free, One Enslaved"
487:
391:, 1853, Project Gutenberg Etext, University of Vermont
675:"Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings: A Brief Account"
843:
Foster, E. A. et al. Nature 397, January 1999, p. 32
210:
Mr. Jefferson freed a number of his servants in his
63:
Being daughter of Sally Hemings and Thomas Jefferson
1188:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
787:
16:
Daughter of Thomas Jefferson (1801-died after 1822)
668:
619:(4). The Johns Hopkins University Press: 407â426.
510:, University of Virginia Press, 1997, pp. 210-223.
2338:
451:
1083:A Summary View of the Rights of British America
935:The Hemingses of Monticello: An American Family
539:
152:and ten siblings from the estate of her father
921:A Tragic Betrayal Of Freedom In The New Nation
594:Wetmore, S.F., "Life among the Lowly, No. 1,"
956:
2397:People who were enslaved by Thomas Jefferson
1642:Member, Virginia Committee of Correspondence
484:, University of North Carolina Press, 2003.
302:
135:
121:, four children who survived to adulthood.
1734:Governor's Palace (Williamsburg, Virginia)
1131:Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness
963:
949:
834:, 2001, Thomas Jefferson Heritage Society.
171:Harriet is believed to be the daughter of
1960:Louisiana Purchase Exposition gold dollar
1920:Washington and Jefferson National Forests
1845:Thomas Jefferson Star for Foreign Service
1587:The Life and Morals of Jesus of Nazareth
937:, New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 2008
852:
793:
328:
249:
240:
1880:Jefferson Literary and Debating Society
767:Bates, Karen Grigsby (March 11, 2012).
718:from the original on September 27, 2018
695:National Genealogical Society Quarterly
2339:
562:
456:. In Jan Lewis; Peter S. Onuf (eds.).
105:(May 1801 â after 1822) was born into
36:Monticello, Albemarle County, Virginia
1840:Jefferson National Expansion Memorial
1677:Jefferson and the Library of Congress
1652:Founding Fathers of the United States
1212:Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves
944:
915:Nash, Gary B.; Hodges, Graham R. G.,
766:
736:
533:
379:
2402:19th-century African-American people
2377:African-American history of Virginia
2113:Cultural depictions of Sally Hemings
970:
540:Also see Turner, Robert F. (2011) .
388:Clotel; or, The President's Daughter
2392:19th-century African-American women
1060:Delegate, Fifth Virginia Convention
998:Vice President of the United States
775:from the original on April 18, 2021
647:
607:
195:Although Jefferson's granddaughter
13:
1440:A Manual of Parliamentary Practice
14:
2413:
1434:Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
869:
794:Stockman, Farah (June 16, 2018).
442:, Looking Glass, Ohio University.
2320:
2319:
1965:Mount Rushmore Anniversary coins
1009:United States Secretary of State
853:Stockman, Farah (16 June 2018).
460:. University of Virginia Press.
140:In 1773, Jefferson and his wife
1970:250th Anniversary silver dollar
1370:Founder, University of Virginia
909:
891:The Memoirs of Israel Jefferson
846:
837:
818:
806:from the original on 6 May 2021
760:
730:
700:
687:
142:Martha Wayles Skelton Jefferson
1910:Thomas Jefferson School of Law
1716:Separation of church and state
1625:American Philosophical Society
1562:Notes on the State of Virginia
1555:The Papers of Thomas Jefferson
987:President of the United States
886:The Memoirs of Madison Hemings
881:Sally Hemings and Her Children
601:
588:
513:
474:
445:
425:
1:
1870:University of Virginia statue
1704:JeffersonâHemings controversy
1342:Federal judicial appointments
1029:Congress of the Confederation
926:Gordon-Reed, Annette (1997),
876:Thomas Jefferson's Monticello
568:Pierson, Hamilton W. (1862),
418:
348:National Genealogical Society
309:JeffersonâHemings controversy
2367:Children of Thomas Jefferson
2362:19th-century American slaves
1575:European journey memorandums
1315:State of the Union Addresses
1244:Dunbar and Hunter Expedition
7:
2183:Cornelia Jefferson Randolph
1915:Thomas Jefferson University
1885:Thomas Jefferson Foundation
1392:Democratic-Republican Party
1310:West Point Military Academy
1102:Declaration of Independence
1052:Second Continental Congress
742:Reviews in American History
613:Reviews in American History
406:
340:Thomas Jefferson Foundation
254:In 1873, Harriet's brother
10:
2418:
1222:Lewis and Clark Expedition
585:, by Captain Edmund Bacon.
431:Joelene McDonald Setlock,
306:
2372:Children of Sally Hemings
2288:
2213:Frederick Madison Roberts
2135:Martha Jefferson Randolph
2121:
2055:(1997 documentary series)
1990:
1815:Thomas Jefferson Building
1783:
1752:
1607:
1546:
1472:
1387:Anti-Administration party
1350:
1197:
1177:
1124:All men are created equal
1070:
978:
771:. National Public Radio.
452:Philip D. Morgan (1999).
81:
67:
59:
51:
43:
28:
21:
2108:Wine bottles controversy
1900:Jefferson City, Missouri
1365:Franco-American alliance
898:Mr. Jefferson's Servants
583:Mr. Jefferson's Servants
303:Question of relationship
136:Early life and education
2281:(2nd great-grandfather)
2225:Jane Randolph Jefferson
2177:Ellen Randolph Coolidge
1759:Presidential elections
1662:Jefferson and education
1647:Committee of the States
1138:Consent of the governed
1017:U.S. Minister to France
197:Ellen Randolph Coolidge
2387:People from Monticello
2063:(2002 animated series)
1895:Monticello Association
1620:American Enlightenment
1581:Indian removal letters
1538:White House Colonnades
1533:Virginia State Capitol
1511:University of Virginia
1397:Jeffersonian democracy
1293:Native American policy
1163:Land Ordinance of 1785
1158:Land Ordinance of 1784
933:Gordon-Reed, Annette,
596:Pike County Republican
334:
246:
228:
216:
2207:T. Jefferson Coolidge
2203:(great-granddaughter)
2195:John Wayles Jefferson
1940:JeffersonâJackson Day
1875:David d'Angers statue
1672:Jefferson and slavery
1657:Historical reputation
1360:Early life and career
1092:(initial draft; 1775)
1090:Olive Branch Petition
625:10.1353/rah.2006.0000
506:Annette Gordon-Reed,
413:John Wayles Jefferson
386:William Wells Brown,
332:
250:Life after Monticello
244:
220:
208:
2231:Lucy Jefferson Lewis
2141:Mary Jefferson Eppes
1615:Age of Enlightenment
1249:Red River Expedition
1040:Governor of Virginia
714:. January 26, 2018.
2275:(great-grandfather)
1977:U.S. postage stamps
1945:Currency depictions
1925:Peaks and mountains
1855:Karl Bitter statues
1825:Jefferson Territory
1722:The American Museum
1630:American Revolution
1281:Non-Intercourse Act
1264:Embargo Act of 1807
1168:Northwest Ordinance
1151:Freedom of religion
693:Helen F. M. Leary,
480:Joshua D. Rothman,
323:Annette Gordon-Reed
285:Annette Gordon-Reed
2237:Randolph Jefferson
2171:George W. Randolph
2165:Thomas J. Randolph
2076:Jefferson's Garden
2036:Jefferson in Paris
1800:Jefferson Memorial
1427:Compromise of 1790
1402:First Party System
1304:Marbury v. Madison
1227:Corps of Discovery
1217:Louisiana Purchase
859:The New York Times
830:2015-09-15 at the
800:The New York Times
680:2010-04-30 at the
661:2019-12-03 at the
577:2008-07-15 at the
526:2008-07-15 at the
438:2016-03-13 at the
380:In popular culture
360:Randolph Jefferson
352:Catherine Kerrison
342:(TJF), which runs
335:
247:
2334:
2333:
2201:Sarah N. Randolph
2104:(2020 miniseries)
2071:(2008 miniseries)
1905:Jefferson College
1865:Louisville statue
1835:Jefferson Lecture
1288:First Barbary War
1237:Empire of Liberty
1179:French Revolution
1108:Committee of Five
1075:the United States
655:Jefferson's Blood
598:, March 13, 1873.
551:978-0-89089-085-1
467:978-0-8139-1919-5
166:Joshua D. Rothman
100:
99:
2409:
2357:Jefferson family
2323:
2322:
2273:William Randolph
2215:(great-grandson)
2209:(great-grandson)
2129:Martha Jefferson
2044:Thomas Jefferson
1950:Jefferson nickel
1935:Other placenames
1860:Hempstead statue
1739:Virginia dynasty
1693:National Gazette
1382:Ratification Day
1118:physical history
1063:
1055:
1043:
1032:
1020:
1012:
1001:
990:
972:Thomas Jefferson
965:
958:
951:
942:
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903:Thomas Jefferson
863:
862:
850:
844:
841:
835:
822:
816:
815:
813:
811:
791:
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537:
531:
517:
511:
504:
485:
478:
472:
471:
449:
443:
429:
396:Wolf by the Ears
358:younger brother
162:Philip D. Morgan
115:Thomas Jefferson
76:Thomas Jefferson
19:
18:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2407:
2406:
2382:Textile workers
2337:
2336:
2335:
2330:
2301:James Madison â
2284:
2219:Peter Jefferson
2185:(granddaughter)
2179:(granddaughter)
2153:Madison Hemings
2147:Harriet Hemings
2117:
1993:
1986:
1955:Two-dollar bill
1820:Jefferson River
1785:
1779:
1748:
1687:Pet mockingbird
1667:Religious views
1603:
1599:Founders Online
1542:
1475:
1468:
1353:accomplishments
1352:
1346:
1298:Burr conspiracy
1259:Cumberland Road
1254:Pike Expedition
1193:
1173:
1074:
1072:
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1547:Other writings
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870:External links
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748:(3): 437â442.
729:
712:New York Times
699:
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236:James Hemings
232:
227:
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218:Bacon wrote,
215:
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187:
186:Eston Hemings
183:
182:James Madison
178:
174:
173:Sally Hemings
169:
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150:Betty Hemings
148:, her mother
147:
146:Sally Hemings
143:
133:
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119:Sally Hemings
116:
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95:
94:Eston Hemings
91:
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72:Sally Hemings
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
37:
31:
27:
20:
2318:
2312:Aaron Burr â
2308:â John Adams
2299:
2294:â John Adams
2292:
2146:
2099:
2088:2015 musical
2082:
2074:
2066:
2058:
2050:
2042:
2034:
2023:1969 musical
2017:
2014:(1953 short)
2009:
2003:The Patriots
2001:
1795:Bibliography
1721:
1691:
1585:
1560:
1553:
1476:architecture
1474:Jeffersonian
1461:
1457:Swivel chair
1438:
1413:
1302:
1273:
1269:
1081:
1073:documents of
934:
927:
920:
916:
910:Bibliography
902:
897:
858:
848:
839:
820:
808:. Retrieved
799:
789:
777:. Retrieved
762:
745:
741:
732:
720:. Retrieved
711:
702:
694:
689:
670:
654:
649:
616:
612:
603:
595:
590:
582:
570:
564:
555:
541:
535:
515:
507:
481:
476:
457:
447:
427:
394:
387:
365:
356:
336:
312:
289:
278:
273:
263:
253:
233:
229:
224:Philadelphia
221:
217:
209:
204:Edmund Bacon
202:
194:
190:
170:
139:
131:
123:
102:
101:
2347:1801 births
2279:Henry Soane
2255:Dabney Carr
2249:Samuel Carr
2079:(2015 play)
2047:(1997 film)
2039:(1995 film)
2006:(1946 play)
1729:Tufton Farm
1516:The Rotunda
1351:Other noted
1186:Co-author,
1054:(1775â1776)
1042:(1779â1781)
1031:(1783â1784)
1019:(1785â1789)
1011:(1790â1793)
1000:(1797â1801)
989:(1801â1809)
401:Ann Rinaldi
265:Pike County
184:and Thomas
154:John Wayles
92:(brother),
88:(brother),
2341:Categories
2243:Peter Carr
2197:(grandson)
2191:(grandson)
2173:(grandson)
2167:(grandson)
2149:(daughter)
2143:(daughter)
2137:(daughter)
2101:Washington
2068:John Adams
2011:Ben and Me
1994:depictions
1784:Legacy and
1494:Monticello
1489:Farmington
1270:Chesapeake
1207:Transition
1199:Presidency
901:, memoir,
810:14 January
419:References
399:(1991) by
344:Monticello
315:mixed-race
281:Washington
274:Republican
158:mixed-race
111:Monticello
52:Occupation
47:after 1822
2239:(brother)
2093:2020 film
2028:1972 film
1787:memorials
1753:Elections
1590:(c. 1819)
1463:Megalonyx
641:144686299
557:living.'"
260:concubine
96:(brother)
82:Relatives
68:Parent(s)
2325:Category
2257:(nephew)
2251:(nephew)
2245:(nephew)
2233:(sister)
2227:(mother)
2221:(father)
2083:Hamilton
2052:Liberty!
1992:Cultural
1810:Birthday
1724:magazine
1635:patriots
1521:The Lawn
1232:timeline
1113:authored
1071:Founding
1048:Delegate
1025:Delegate
828:Archived
804:Archived
779:July 28,
773:Archived
754:40865440
716:Archived
678:Archived
659:Archived
633:30031502
609:Bay, Mia
575:Archived
524:Archived
436:Archived
407:See also
32:May 1801
1850:Statues
1608:Related
1499:gardens
1375:history
1337:Cabinet
1274:Leopard
1104:(1776)
1050:to the
1027:to the
317:slave,
107:slavery
2131:(wife)
2122:Family
1577:(1787)
1571:(1786)
1565:(1785)
1443:(1801)
1418:(1790)
1276:affair
1190:(1789)
1170:(1787)
1098:(1775)
1086:(1774)
1062:(1776)
919:, and
752:
639:
631:
548:
464:
2161:(son)
2155:(son)
750:JSTOR
637:S2CID
629:JSTOR
177:Paris
2018:1776
1773:1804
1768:1800
1763:1796
1330:1805
1325:1802
1320:1801
812:2020
781:2020
724:2018
546:ISBN
462:ISBN
295:and
270:Ohio
212:will
164:and
44:Died
38:, US
29:Born
1037:2nd
1006:1st
995:2nd
984:3rd
621:doi
299:.)
109:at
2343::
857:.
802:.
798:.
746:38
744:.
710:.
635:.
627:.
617:34
615:.
554:.
489:^
276:.
272:)
1272:â
1140:"
1136:"
1133:"
1129:"
1126:"
1122:"
964:e
957:t
950:v
861:.
814:.
783:.
756:.
726:.
643:.
623::
470:.
268:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
