33:
51:
294:
are easily overlooked. The fruits are short, flat pods about 6 cm long with a single seed attached at the end. The timber obtained from the tree is the hardest and heaviest (among timbers from the trees found in India), is durable and termite resistant. The leaves are shed in April and the new leaves emerge in early May. The flowering season is during August–September, the fruits appear after the flowering season and continue to remain till May.
907:
302:
It is a characteristic tree of the dry deciduous forests and can grow on shallow, gravelly soils. In India, it is found in the western
Himalayas up to an elevation of 1500 m and dry open forests of Central and South India. In southern India, it is particularly found in Kadapa, Nellore and Ceded
293:
is a moderate-sized to large tree with drooping branches. The bark of the tree is greyish-brown in colour, rough with deep cracks and it darkens with age. The compound leaves have only two leaflets which are joined at the base. The tiny, white/greenish-yellow coloured flowers are inconspicuous and
845:
399:. Hardwickia (Anajan in Sanskrit, Aacha in Tamil/Malayalam) is also mentioned in Sundara Kaandam of Valmiki Ramyana/Kamba Ramayana as one of the trees in Asokavanam where Sitadevi was kept in captivity under a Simpsupa (
846:
http://scholar.googleusercontent.com/scholar?q=cache:U3Xv-_ZGI98J:scholar.google.com/+On+Elephants+in+Manasollasa%E2%80%931.+Characteristics,+Habitat,+Methods+of+Capturing+and+Training&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5
505:
872:
Smith, P. P.; Timberlake, J. R.; Van Wyk, A. E. (1998). "Proposal to conserve the name
Colophospermum against Hardwickia (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae)".
341:
capacity for mercury and a modification of the bark is found to be useful for removal of most of the mercury from water under certain conditions.
1342:
1094:
529:
Plants of the Coast of
Coromandel; selected from drawings and descriptions, presented to the Hon. Court of Directors of the East India Company
1368:
1107:
749:
Deshkar, A.M.; Bokade, S.S.; Dara, S.S. (February 1990). "Modified
Hardwickia binata Bark for Adsorption of Mercury (II) From Water".
354:, combined with cubebs and sandal, is used for treating sexually transmitted diseases like leucorrhoea, chronic cystitis, gonorrhoea.
1290:
1042:
1486:
1303:
1055:
484:
475:
417:
of Africa, also monotypic in its genus, is believed to be its nearest relative, and
Breteler et al. (1997) proposed that genus
696:
509:
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790:
669:
595:
563:
723:
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615:
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1034:
1407:
1308:
1133:
466:
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50:
445:
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816:
527:
1243:
376:
and coconut were used to capture elephants in ancient times, according to the encyclopedic work
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279:
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210:
171:
995:
972:
698:
University Botany- Iii : (Plant
Taxonomy, Plant Embryology, Plant Physiology)
1201:
245:
88:
1394:
946:
830:
508:. The International Centre for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF). Archived from
381:
75:
347:
Resin exuding from the heartwood is used for dressing the sores of elephants.
274:, and which grows to height of 25-30 meters. This plant genus was named after
1455:
1355:
344:
Oleo-resin extracted from the heart wood is used in manufacture of varnishes
1425:
1151:
249:
144:
982:
1316:
1210:
1068:
955:
377:
1295:
1047:
893:
671:
Southern India: Its
History, People, Commerce, and Industrial Resources
338:
271:
1321:
1073:
1264:
1016:
429:, and LĂ©onard (1999) considered the presented evidence unconvincing.
334:
154:
917:
885:
1420:
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940:
362:
319:
253:
134:
101:
1334:
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1021:
1238:
1086:
124:
1256:
906:
425:. Smith et al. (1998) however argued for retention of the name
351:
327:
323:
114:
1008:
395:
the elephants are fond of the bark and sweet smelling oil of
358:
267:
62:
318:
is used for making agricultural equipment like cart wheels,
303:
districts and in the valleys of
Cauvery and Bhavani rivers
333:
The leaves, succulent stems and twigs serve as fodder for
725:
Forests for Socio-economic and Rural
Development in India
857:
Asher, R. E.; Subramoniam, Vadasery Iyemperumal (1971).
361:(not the oleo-resin) derived from the tree is used as a
871:
795:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 302.
367:
600:(14 ed.). Krishna Prakashan Media. p. 419.
532:. Vol. 3. London: W. Bulmer and Co. p. 6.
792:Indian Medicinal Plants: An Illustrated Dictionary
748:
1453:
856:
311:The bark of the tree is used for making ropes.
620:. Indus Publishing. pp. 23, 55, 63, 105.
609:
607:
784:
782:
780:
728:. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. p. 137.
674:. Asian Educational Services. p. 721.
604:
515:Note: Archive not available until mid-2013.
297:
721:
617:Biodiversity and Its Conservation in India
387:Sangam poets have mentioned and described
31:
777:
589:
587:
585:
506:"Hardwickia binata - Species Information"
817:"Forestry :: Minor Forest Products"
557:
555:
553:
551:
549:
547:
545:
543:
541:
539:
525:
561:
485:United States Department of Agriculture
476:Germplasm Resources Information Network
384:, who ruled in the twelfth century AD.
1454:
667:
640:
593:
582:
922:
921:
865:
788:
701:. New Age International. p. 70.
694:
536:
613:
568:. Penguin Books India. p. 188.
439:
368:Cultural and religious significance
13:
14:
1498:
405:) Tree by the demon king Ravana.
1413:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:497364-1
905:
231:Graham (1831), not validly publ.
49:
1139:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:22557-1
850:
839:
823:
809:
742:
715:
688:
337:. Bark is found to have a good
1487:Taxa named by William Roxburgh
661:
634:
519:
498:
459:
285:
1:
565:Trees of Delhi: A Field Guide
481:Agricultural Research Service
456:. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
432:
771:10.1016/0043-1354(90)90123-n
266:, a tree which is native to
7:
722:Singh Negi, Sharad (1996).
614:Negi, Sharad Singh (1993).
408:
10:
1503:
526:Roxburgh, William (1819).
453:Plants of the World Online
256:. The only species is the
1467:Monotypic Fabaceae genera
1185:
930:
647:. Library of Alexandria.
314:The timber obtained from
225:
218:
200:
193:
46:Scientific classification
44:
39:
30:
23:
1482:Plants described in 1819
562:Krishen, Pradip (2006).
421:be sunk under the genus
298:Distribution and habitat
244:is a monotypic genus of
228:Hardwickia trapeziformis
40:Leaves of an anjan tree
1472:Flora of India (region)
668:Wright, Arnold (1914).
306:
641:Hooker, J. D. (1987).
594:Saxena, N.P. (2010).
391:as yaa. According to
914:at Wikimedia Commons
789:Khare, C.P. (2008).
695:Reddy, S.M. (2007).
1477:Flora of Bangladesh
763:1990WatRe..24.1011D
644:Himalayan Journals
1449:
1448:
1382:Open Tree of Life
1217:Hardwickia binata
1187:Hardwickia binata
1121:Open Tree of Life
924:Taxon identifiers
910:Media related to
832:Travancore Plants
469:Hardwickia binata
447:Hardwickia binata
402:Amherstia nobilis
393:Sangam Literature
316:Hardwickia binata
291:Hardwickia binata
263:Hardwickia binata
248:in the subfamily
237:
236:
204:Hardwickia binata
175:
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757:(8): 1011–1016.
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280:William Roxburgh
276:Thomas Hardwicke
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16:Genus of legumes
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886:10.2307/1223605
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246:flowering plant
230:
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5:
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1439:wfo-0000203549
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1175:wfo-4000016915
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987:
977:
967:
952:
936:
934:
928:
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916:
915:
900:
899:
880:(3): 751–752.
864:
849:
838:
822:
808:
801:
776:
751:Water Research
741:
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714:
707:
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680:
660:
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626:
603:
581:
574:
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518:
512:on 2012-09-27.
497:
458:
437:
436:
434:
431:
427:Colophospermum
419:Colophospermum
410:
407:
382:Someshvara III
372:Ropes made of
369:
366:
308:
305:
299:
296:
287:
284:
235:
234:
223:
222:
216:
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209:
198:
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186:H. binata
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859:"Proceedings"
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802:9780387706375
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735:9788185880990
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708:9788122415476
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681:9788120613447
677:
673:
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664:
656:
654:9781465535627
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629:
627:9788185182889
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575:9780144000708
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195:Binomial name
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76:Tracheophytes
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68:
67:
64:
61:
58:
57:
52:
47:
43:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
1462:Detarioideae
1186:
931:
877:
873:
867:
852:
841:
831:
825:
811:
791:
754:
750:
744:
724:
717:
697:
690:
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663:
643:
636:
616:
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564:
528:
521:
510:the original
500:
488:. Retrieved
474:
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461:
451:
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412:
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290:
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262:
261:
257:
250:Detarioideae
240:
239:
238:
227:
226:
203:
201:
185:
184:
165:
164:
145:Detarioideae
108:
95:
82:
69:
24:
18:
1317:iNaturalist
1211:Wikispecies
1069:iNaturalist
956:Wikispecies
415:mopane tree
378:Manasollasa
286:Description
141:Subfamily:
89:Angiosperms
1456:Categories
1395:Plant List
962:Hardwickia
932:Hardwickia
912:Hardwickia
490:12 January
433:References
423:Hardwickia
397:Hardwickia
389:Hardwickia
374:Hardwickia
339:adsorption
272:Bangladesh
241:Hardwickia
166:Hardwickia
25:Hardwickia
1400:ild-49881
1283:250063499
1202:Q13115295
335:livestock
320:oil mills
180:Species:
155:Detarieae
59:Kingdom:
1426:13047717
1421:Tropicos
1361:62026178
1348:10578932
1335:497364-1
1196:Wikidata
1152:40021156
1147:Tropicos
980:BioLib:
947:Q2890161
941:Wikidata
409:Taxonomy
363:diuretic
220:Synonyms
135:Fabaceae
131:Family:
102:Eudicots
1296:5350021
1239:Ecocrop
1162:4187811
1100:1094504
1087:22557-1
1048:2946903
894:1223605
835:. 1914.
759:Bibcode
328:ploughs
324:pestles
254:legumes
252:of the
161:Genus:
151:Tribe:
125:Fabales
121:Order:
63:Plantae
1374:213785
1322:431089
1257:661431
1159:uBio:
1126:261049
1113:213784
1074:431090
1035:114659
983:108478
973:191220
970:APDB:
892:
799:
732:
705:
678:
651:
624:
572:
352:balsam
213:(1819)
174:(1811)
115:Rosids
1387:43631
1343:IRMNG
1309:18249
1270:HDWBI
1231:3JQPG
1095:IRMNG
1022:1HDWG
1009:53679
890:JSTOR
874:Taxon
449:Roxb.
359:resin
268:India
258:anjan
211:Roxb.
172:Roxb.
109:Clade
96:Clade
83:Clade
70:Clade
1408:POWO
1369:NCBI
1356:IUCN
1330:IPNI
1304:GRIN
1291:GBIF
1265:EPPO
1244:6621
1134:POWO
1108:NCBI
1082:IPNI
1061:5393
1056:GRIN
1043:GBIF
1017:EPPO
996:4TP6
797:ISBN
730:ISBN
703:ISBN
676:ISBN
649:ISBN
622:ISBN
570:ISBN
492:2018
413:The
357:The
350:The
326:and
307:Uses
270:and
1434:WFO
1278:FNA
1252:EoL
1226:CoL
1170:WFO
1030:FNA
1004:EoL
991:CoL
882:doi
767:doi
278:by
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