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qualifications, or security level, are also common. Many companies provide ready-made stickers to indicate that a worker has been trained in electrical, confined space, or excavation trench safety, as well as operation of specialized equipment. Environmental monitors often make stickers to indicate that the worker has been educated on the risk of unexploded ordnance or the archaeological/biological sensitivity of a given area. Unions may offer hard hat stickers to their members to promote the union, encourage safety, and commemorate significant milestones.
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a high-heat environment but still be light enough for practical use. Made of a
Bakelite resin reinforced with wire screen and linen, the Skullgard Helmet is still manufactured in nearly two dozen models in 2021. MSA also produced a low-crown version for coal miners known as Comfo-Cap Headgear, likewise offered with fittings for a headlamp and battery.
268:
Helmet in 1930. Able to withstand high temperatures and radiant heat loads in the metals industry up to 350 °F (177 °C) without burning the wearer, it was also safe around high-voltage electricity. Bakelite was used to provide protection rigid enough to withstand hard sudden impacts within
182:
is a lightweight hard hat using a simplified suspension or padding and a chin strap. Bump caps are used where there is a possibility of scraping or bumping one's head on equipment or structure projections but are not sufficient to absorb large impacts, such as that from a tool dropped from several
170:
from injury due to falling objects, impact with other objects, debris, rain, and electric shock. Suspension bands inside the helmet spread the helmet's weight and the force of any impact over the top of the head. A suspension also provides space of approximately 30 mm (1.2 inches) between the
577:
Stickers, labels and markers are used to mark hard hats so that important information can be shared. As some paints or permanent markers can degrade the plastic in hard hats, adhesive labels or tape are often used instead. Stickers with company logos, and those that indicate a worker's training,
604:
OSHA regulation 1910.135 states that the employer shall ensure that each affected employee wears a protective helmet when working in areas where there is a potential for injury to the head from falling objects. Additionally, the employer shall ensure that a protective helmet designed to reduce
233:
In the United States, the E.D. Bullard
Company was a mining equipment firm in California created by Edward Dickinson Bullard in 1898, a veteran of the industrial safety business for 20 years. The company sold protective hats made of leather. His son, E. W. Bullard, returned home from
214:
In the early years of the shipbuilding industry, workers covered their hats with pitch (tar), and set them in the sun to cure, a common practice for dock workers in constant danger of being hit on the head by objects dropped from ship decks.
669:
In the UK, the
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Regulations 1992 specifies that hard hats are a component of PPE and, by law, all those working on construction sites or within hazardous environments are required to wear hard hats.
238:
with a steel helmet that provided him with ideas to improve industrial safety. In 1919 Bullard patented a "Hard-Boiled hat" made of steamed canvas, glue and black paint. That same year, the U.S. Navy commissioned
Bullard to create a
171:
helmet's shell and the wearer's head, so that if an object strikes the shell, the impact is less likely to be transmitted directly to the skull. Some helmet shells have a mid-line reinforcement ridge to improve impact resistance. The
608:
The OSHA regulation does not specifically cover any criteria for the protective helmets, instead OSHA requires that protective helmets comply with ANSI/ISEA Z89.1-2014 – American
National Standard for Industrial Head Protection.
673:
In Europe all hard hats must have a manufacturer set lifespan, this can be determined from the expiry date or a set period from the manufacture date, which is either stuck to the inside or embossed in the hard hat's material.
581:
A hard hat also provides workers with a distinctive profile, readily identifiable even in peripheral vision, for safety around equipment or traffic. Reflective tape can increase visibility both day and night.
243:
protective cap that began the widespread use of hard hats. Not long after, Bullard developed an internal suspension to provide a more effective hat. These early designs bore a resemblance to the steel
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have their own hard hat color scheme that may apply to subcontractors. On very large projects involving a number of companies, employees of the same company may wear the same color hat.
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Hard hat colors can signify different roles on construction sites. These color designations vary from company to company and worksite to worksite. Government agencies such as the
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appeared in the 1950s, and began to dominate in the 1960s. Easily shaped with heat, it is cost-effective to manufacture. In 1952, MSA offered the
Shockgard Helmet to protect
662:
criteria. ANSI Z89 standard was significantly revised in 1986, 1997 and 2003. The current
American standard for hard hats is ISEA Z89.1-2009, by the
666:
that took over publication of the Z89 standard from ANSI. The ISO standard for industrial protective headgear is ISO 3873, first published in 1977.
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hard hat. 1962 brought the V-Gard Helmet, which today is the most widely used hard hat in the United States. Today, most hard hats are made from
449:
Organizations issuing hard hats often include their name, logo, or some other message (as for a ceremonial corner stone laying) on the front.
296:. Bullard produced a design that covered the worker's face, provided a window for vision and a supply of fresh air via a hose connected to an
626:
ANSI Type II / CSA Type 2 hard hats meet both vertical and lateral impact and penetration requirements and have a foam inner liner made of
292:
and required hard hats to be worn while on the job site. Strauss also asked
Bullard to create a hard hat to protect workers who performed
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electrical shock hazard is worn by each such affected employee when near exposed electrical conductors which could contact the head.
821:. Eds. S. Corngold, J. Greenberg & B. Wagner. Transl. E. Patton with R. Hein (2008)); cf. H.-G. Koch & K. Wagenbach (eds.),
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to channel rainwater to the front, allowing water to drain off the bill, instead of running down the wearer's neck. A wide-brimmed
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Because hard hats are intended to protect the wearer's head from impacts, hats are made from durable materials, originally from
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Several
Workmen wearing ribbed metal hard hats, and one (right) in a MSA Skullgard, at the site of a Texas oil well in 1940
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with developing the first civilian hard hat while employed at the Worker's
Accident Insurance Institute for the
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to a hard hat. The mounting device frees hands to continue working rather than having to hold a flashlight.
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300:. The MSA Skullgard was the best, but quite expensive. Many hard hats were made of cheaper steel.
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1953:
1623:
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from electrical shock of up to 10,000 volts. In 1961, MSA released the Topgard Helmet, the first
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in San Francisco California. Construction workers were required to wear hard hats, by order of
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30:
This article is about industrial protective headwear. For motorcycle protective headwear, see
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allowed the development of a ventilated hard hat to keep wearers cooler. Accessories such as
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288:, project chief engineer. Strauss strove to create a safe workplace; hence, he installed
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fulfills a very similar role in a different context and has a very similar design.
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230:(1912), but this information is not supported by any document from his employer.
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Thick insulating side pads to keep sides of the head warm. Examples are seen in
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became popular for hard hats around 1938, except for electrical applications.
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Type 1 hard hats meet stringent vertical impact and penetration requirements.
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Some contemporary cap-style hard hats feature a rolled edge that acts as a
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438:-style hard hat is made, although some organizations disallow their use.
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Industrial inspector wearing a thermoplastic hard hat in Cologne, Germany
373:-absorbing lining cloths could also be used; today, attachments include
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Class E (Electrical) provides dielectric protection up to 20,000 volts.
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2010:
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A U.S. Navy photographer complies with a jobsite hard hat requirement
362:
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Class G (General) provides dielectric protection up to 2,200 volts.
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predominantly used in workplace environments such as industrial or
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Each hard hat is specified by both Type and Class. Types include:
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1946:
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774:
813:
Drucker, Peter. Managing in the Next Society. See: Franz Kafka,
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A hard hat is specified by both Type and Class; for example:
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to keep the helmet from falling off if the wearer leans over.
470:
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412:
404:
sailors in February 2007 load cargo onto a container ship in
382:
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347:
1664:
817:. Eds. K. Hermsdorf & B. Wagner (2004) (Engl. transl.:
746:
Shock-absorbing suspension system inside a typical hard hat
616:
354:
934:
644:
Class C (Conductive) provides no dielectric protection.
476:
An extra-wide brim attachment for additional shade.
423:, and most-commonly (from the 1950s onward) molded
74:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
247:military helmet that served as their inspiration.
521:bands stretched around the brim for color worker
2139:
346:(HDPE) or advanced engineering resins, such as
597:wearing hard hats while excavating remains of
276:project in 1931, hard hat use was mandated by
950:
895:"Cowboy Hard Hat Inventor – Bret Atkins"
533:
957:
943:
664:International Safety Equipment Association
326:MSA V-Gard Helmet with Fas-Trac suspension
758:An example of an early leather hard hat.
134:Learn how and when to remove this message
589:
563:
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440:
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321:
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190:
145:
491:A small device that is used to mount a
14:
2140:
703:Baseball cap style safety helmet with
938:
834:
927:. United States Department of Labor.
866:"Bullard Hard Boiled Miner's Helmet"
72:adding citations to reliable sources
43:
870:National Museum of American History
457:Hard hats may also be fitted with:
280:In 1933, construction began on the
24:
25:
2174:
654:ANSI standards for hard hats set
488:for increased rear field-of-view.
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901:from the original on 2010-08-14
876:from the original on 2023-09-12
847:from the original on 2023-06-01
59:needs additional citations for
913:
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828:
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549:wearing blue hard hats in 2001
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13:
1:
837:"The History of the Hard Hat"
800:
542:U.S. Navy sailors aboard the
37:For the Phil Beer album, see
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7:
1524:Helmet Steel Airborne Troop
964:
835:Kindy, David (2020-02-21).
763:
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319:came into use in the 1940s.
10:
2179:
1660:Czechoslovak Vz. 53 Helmet
186:
36:
29:
2065:
2024:
1934:
1849:
1773:
1642:
1481:
1450:
1277:
1181:
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534:Colors and identification
529:night retro-reflectivity.
445:Ameriza Ventilated Helmet
392:
344:high-density polyethylene
780:Hard hat mounted mirror
2148:Construction equipment
1862:Advanced Combat Helmet
601:
569:
550:
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408:
327:
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211:
202:Skullgard hard hat at
151:
1954:Boxing / Martial Arts
691:Full-brimmed hard hat
593:
567:
541:
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400:
325:
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218:Management professor
194:
166:sites to protect the
149:
1504:M32 (Czechoslovakia)
841:Smithsonian Magazine
770:Firefighter's helmet
628:expanded polystyrene
173:rock climbing helmet
68:improve this article
1675:Romanian M73 helmet
1629:M1918 (Switzerland)
1549:Mk II talker helmet
1514:Stahlhelm (Germany)
1069:Henry VIII's Horned
819:The Office Writings
785:Protective clothing
311:Lighter affordable
278:Six Companies, Inc.
253:introduced the new
196:Construction worker
27:Protective headwear
1912:Lightweight Helmet
1387:Lobster-tailed pot
815:Amtliche Schriften
790:Safety engineering
734:With a light mount
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555:United States Navy
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282:Golden Gate Bridge
228:Kingdom of Bohemia
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1974:Gridiron football
1930:
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1584:SSh-39 and SSh-40
1519:M1934/39 (Greece)
512:Ice Road Truckers
330:Injection-molded
144:
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32:motorcycle helmet
16:(Redirected from
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1569:M1940 (Portugal)
1244:Late Roman ridge
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2052:Riot protection
2020:
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1877:ECH (Australia)
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1634:Type 92 Tetsubo
1559:Netherlands M34
1509:M1923 (Denmark)
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1473:Tarleton helmet
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1024:Coventry Sallet
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1619:M1937 (Sweden)
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480:Ear protectors
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467:welding helmet
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379:walkie-talkies
332:thermoplastics
298:air compressor
286:Joseph Strauss
255:non-conductive
245:M1917 "Brodie"
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1599:M1934 (Spain)
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425:thermoplastic
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259:
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220:Peter Drucker
216:
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205:
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169:
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158:is a type of
157:
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124:November 2013
116:
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106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85: –
84:
80:
79:Find sources:
73:
69:
63:
62:
57:This article
55:
51:
46:
45:
40:
33:
19:
2090:Heraldic use
2078:Helmet cover
2046:
1850:2001–present
1680:Mº 44 E.T.A.
1534:M42 Duperite
1432:Takula tofao
1382:Lamellenhelm
1280:Early Modern
1278:Medieval and
1249:Montefortino
994:Benty Grange
924:
915:
903:. Retrieved
889:
878:. Retrieved
869:
860:
849:. Retrieved
840:
830:
822:
818:
814:
809:
722:With headset
672:
668:
660:flammability
653:
649:
647:
633:
611:
607:
603:
599:Ancient Rome
580:
576:
552:
545:
510:
469:, or safety
456:
448:
429:
410:
371:perspiration
359:face shields
352:
329:
310:
294:sandblasting
271:
266:"Skullguard"
249:
232:
217:
213:
179:
177:
164:construction
155:
153:
130:
121:
111:
104:
97:
90:
78:
66:Please help
61:verification
58:
1867:BK-3 helmet
1821:Hełm wz. 93
1745:Paratrooper
1730:Modèle 1978
1725:Modèle 1951
1700:Hełm wz. 67
1695:Hełm wz. 63
1690:Hełm wz. 50
1564:Hełm wz. 31
1529:M33 (Italy)
1468:Pith helmet
1463:Pickelhaube
1451:Late Modern
1427:Spangenhelm
1412:Pickelhaube
1312:Cervelliere
1194:Boar's tusk
1054:Guisborough
1019:Coțofenești
453:Accessories
432:rain gutter
419:composite,
290:safety nets
236:World War I
224:Franz Kafka
204:Douglas Dam
198:wearing an
2142:Categories
2001:Motorcycle
1984:Revolution
1969:Equestrian
1796:M90 (Iraq)
1377:Kulah khud
1337:Frog-mouth
1214:Corinthian
1204:Chalcidian
1134:Sutton Hoo
1119:Ribchester
1079:Iron Gates
1074:Horncastle
1044:Gjermundbu
1014:Coppergate
1004:Canterbury
975:historical
973:Individual
880:2023-11-07
851:2023-11-07
801:References
709:chin strap
497:flashlight
465:, as in a
436:cowboy hat
421:fiberglass
406:Antarctica
363:sun visors
317:Fiberglass
274:Hoover Dam
94:newspapers
83:"Hard hat"
2127:Zuckerman
2083:Mitznefet
2032:Custodian
2011:Scrum cap
1979:Eyeshield
1857:A2 Helmet
1774:1980–2000
1760:Swiss M71
1643:1945–1980
1482:1914–1945
1352:Hounskull
1234:Kegelhelm
634:Classes:
619:Type I /
586:Standards
544:USS
504:chinstrap
402:U.S. Navy
353:In 1997,
183:stories.
39:Hard Hats
18:Hard hats
2105:Tarnhelm
2047:Hard hat
1996:Lacrosse
1935:Athletic
1907:KH-B2000
1882:ECH (US)
1710:M76 Para
1655:CABAL II
1327:Enclosed
1307:Burgonet
1302:Bascinet
1292:Aventail
1269:Shmarjet
1259:Phrygian
1229:Imperial
1224:Illyrian
1199:Boeotian
1154:Waterloo
1149:Venetian
1124:Shorwell
1104:Nijmegen
1099:Newstead
1059:Hallaton
1039:Gevninge
1009:Ciumeşti
984:Agighiol
925:OSHA.gov
899:Archived
874:Archived
845:Archived
764:See also
678:Examples
573:Stickers
519:Silicone
493:headlamp
417:Bakelite
367:earmuffs
313:aluminum
262:Bakelite
241:shipyard
180:bump cap
156:hard hat
2153:Helmets
2100:Mahiole
2057:Welding
1964:Cricket
1959:Bicycle
1947:Coolflo
1942:Batting
1836:SPECTRA
1765:Type 66
1458:Dragoon
1422:Secrete
1357:Jingasa
1322:Dragoon
1297:Barbute
1182:Ancient
1114:Pioneer
1089:Meyrick
1084:Lokrume
977:helmets
966:Helmets
825:(2002).
775:Goggles
486:Mirrors
415:, then
387:cameras
336:linemen
272:On the
264:-based
210:), 1942
187:History
108:scholar
2122:Winged
2095:Horned
2073:Flight
2037:Diving
2006:Racing
1991:Hockey
1872:QGF-03
1806:M59/85
1755:SSh-68
1750:SSh-60
1740:OR-201
1685:M59/85
1609:SSK 90
1579:SSh-36
1554:Mk III
1494:Brodie
1489:Adrian
1442:Viking
1437:Turban
1417:Sallet
1407:Paseki
1397:Morion
1372:Kettle
1367:Katapu
1362:Kabuto
1209:Coolus
1174:Combat
1109:Peretu
1094:Nemiya
1064:Hellvi
921:"OSHA"
905:27 Sep
630:(EPS).
527:Hi Viz
393:Design
385:, and
383:pagers
375:radios
369:, and
160:helmet
110:
103:
96:
89:
81:
2066:Other
1831:Sfera
1816:PASGT
1801:JK 96
1791:GOLFO
1781:CG634
1735:MPC-1
1715:Mk IV
1402:Nasal
1392:Mempo
1347:Great
1317:Close
1287:Armet
1264:Pilos
1254:Negau
1239:Konos
1219:Galea
1189:Attic
1144:Veksø
1139:Tjele
1034:Emesa
989:Agris
705:visor
471:visor
463:visor
413:metal
348:Ultem
115:JSTOR
101:books
2158:Hats
2110:Pith
2025:Work
1922:Mk 7
1917:MICH
1902:IHPS
1892:6B47
1887:FAST
1720:Mk 6
1665:GK80
1164:Yarm
999:Broe
907:2010
707:and
617:ANSI
557:and
525:and
355:ANSI
168:head
87:news
2016:Ski
1841:6B7
1811:M87
1786:M92
1705:M63
1574:RAC
1544:M1C
658:or
621:CSA
559:DOT
495:or
251:MSA
208:TVA
200:MSA
70:by
2144::
1539:M1
923:.
897:.
872:.
868:.
843:.
839:.
523:ID
502:A
461:A
427:.
389:.
381:,
377:,
365:,
361:,
350:.
178:A
154:A
958:e
951:t
944:v
909:.
883:.
854:.
515:.
482:.
473:.
137:)
131:(
126:)
122:(
112:·
105:·
98:·
91:·
64:.
41:.
34:.
20:)
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