2061:
1368:. They were all defeated in battle by Harald, with only Solvi escaping with his life to live the rest of his life as a roving Viking. The remaining independent rulers of Norway were then crushed by Harald's allies or opportunists that attacked their neighbors and then submitted to Harald like Hrollaug had done. The saga tells how people of Norway were then put under heavy taxes and oppression by Harald. Anyone suspected of wanting to rise in rebellion were given the option of fleeing the country, submitting himself as a tenant or having hands and feet cut off. According to the saga author, most who were given this option chose to flee. Harald is supposed to have confiscated massive amounts of private property and made many previously free farmers his
1213:, before her premature death. Eirik Bloodaxe was named after Ragnhild's father as was custom in medieval Scandinavia. Likely due to Eirik Bloodaxe royal mother, he was favored above Harald's other sons. Eirik himself had an unquestioning, near psychopathic loyalty to Harald. Unlike other authors, Snorri does not attribute Eirik's cruelty solely to Gunnhild. When Harald and Snæfrith's son Ragnvald Rettilbeine became known as patron of sorcerers and a practitioner of magic, Harald ordered him to cease such activity. When Ragnvald did not listen Harald sent Eirik Bloodaxe to murder him. Eirik had his half-brother and all of his sorcerers
2073:
The Viking hero Harald
Fairhair has become part of a vital re-enactment culture, which is evident in, among other things, a memorial park in central Haugesund with the erection of a statue of Harald Fairhair ... the performance of a Harald musical ... the building of ‘the largest’ Viking ship in the world ... the establishment of a theme park based on the Viking concept, and a historic centre where the mythology of King Harald is disseminated ... The main initiators behind these commemorative projects in the Haugesund region today are, as it was in the 1870s, local commercial entrepreneurs who are nourished by local patriotism.
1629:
49:
1414:. Gretti's great-grandfather Önundr Wood-foot is said to be one of many people that fled Norway after fighting for king Kjotvi the Rich and Thorir Haklang in the battle of Hafrsfjord. The saga describes how Harald and his elite Úlfhèðnar warriors (famously mentioned in Hrafnsmál) fought and killed Thorir Haklang when he went berserk. Önundr got his name after his leg was crushed beneath the knee by the prow of one of the king's ships and he had to walk on a wooden pegleg for the rest of his life.
1548:
islands of the Viking refugees of from Harald's conquest of Norway that raided the coast. During the expedition
Rognvald's son Ivar was killed so Harald gave governorship of the islands to him. Rognvald wanted to stay in his home in Møre so he passed the jarlship of the Islands to his brother Sigurd. The saga is informed by the Norwegian politics of the day. Once, historians could write that no-one denied the reality of Harald Fairhair's expeditions to the west (recounted in detail in the
631:, an area which the medieval Icelandic historian Snorri Sturluson associated with Harald, and which was a centre of power in the ninth century. In the skaldic poetry (which is generally considered authentic ninth-century work by linguists) the estates mentioned match a convenient network of estates with about a day's traveling distance between them, which would be ideal for a king ruling in Vestlandet, but not all of Norway. This reading could be consistent with the
1722:
3236:
2003:
359:, Harald has become a national icon of Norway and a symbol of independence. Though the king's sagas and medieval accounts have been critically scrutinised during the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, Harald maintains a reputation as the father of the Norwegian nation. At the turn of the 21st century, a few historians have tried to argue that Harald Fairhair did not exist as a historical figure.
770:, notes that Iceland was settled during his lifetime. Harald is thus depicted as the prime cause of the Norse settlement of Iceland and beyond. Iceland was settled by "malcontents" from Norway, who resented Harald's claim of rights of taxation over lands, which the possessors appear to have previously held in absolute ownership. It is the earliest non-skaldic account of Harald to use the nickname
1239:, but had the Norwegian king stay in the newly constructed and sumptuous one, because he was the youngest one of the kings and the one who had the greatest prospects. The older Swedish king, on the other hand, had to stay in the old feasting hall. The Swedish king was so humiliated that he killed Áki. Harald drove Erik Eymundsson out of Värmland and inserted Áki's son Ubbi (
908:. Harald's rule is said to have lasted for 73 years and his nickname derived from his beautiful hair. Notably, Harald is here described as being the first to rule the entire coastal region of Norway, as opposed to all of Norway. The interior is described to as having been ruled by petty kings, however, it is said that Harald as good as ruled this region as well.
682:. There does not exist a complete copy of the poem, and modern editions of the poem are based on the compilation of the segments. Through dating of the parts as well as the meter is consistent, they may be separate compositions but scholarly consensus is indecisive. Part of the poem is cited by Snorri in Heimskringla as a source for his narrative of the
873:-woman. She is described as having died three years after their marriage with Harald mourning for her, but the people mourning for him, considering him bewitched. Eirik is said to have succeeded Harald, ruling for five years, with two as a co-ruler with his father. Hákon eventually supplanted the cruel and oppressive rule of Eirik and his wife
643:'s description of the battle of Hafrsfjord suggest that Harald was attacked by "eastern" enemies that were routed and fled back east. He proposes that the battle was not part of a war of conquest but Harald defending his own territory from invaders. This idea offers a very different reading of the poem where its references to the
526:. The second poem relates a series of battles won by a king called Harald. However, the information supplied in these poems is inconsistent with the tales in the sagas in which they are transmitted, and the sagas themselves often disagree on the details of his background and biography. Meanwhile, the most reliable manuscripts of
919:" and is Harald's second son, not his youngest. This account of Hákon suggest that he did not accept Christianity. Like the later Heimskringla, Ragnvald Rettilbeine is described as killed on Harald's orders. In Heimskringla he is burned alive by Eirik Bloodaxe, while Historia Norwegiæ describes Ragnvald as being drowned.
2856:
2720:
2072:
today, King Harald
Fairhair is associated with several archaeological sites where modern monuments and theme parks (obelisks, towers, sculptures, ‘reconstructions’ of ancient houses/villages) are constructed and where various commemorative practices (jubilees, rallies, festivals) are being performed.
1685:
According to the saga sources, the latter part of Harald's reign was disturbed by the strife of his many sons. The number of sons he left varies in the different saga accounts, from 11 to 20. Twelve of his sons are named as kings, two of them ruled over the whole of Norway. He gave them all the royal
1530:
Harald's conquest of Norway is described. The saga's initial protagonist
Ingimundr recognises that Harald will prevail at Hafrfjord and arranges a meeting with Harald, Ragnvald Mörejarl and their ulfhednar-warriors. Ingimundr offers his loyalty to Harald which Harald graciously accepts, but Ingimundr
1105:
and then south along the coast Harald subdued many petty kings. Snorri credits his success to excellent leadership by him and his uncle
Guthorm, as well as military reforms and his hard tax policy. The taxes demanded by Harald were much higher than other kings and a third of the revenues where given
723:
is a praise poem attributed to Þorbjörn
Hornklofi about various battles won by Harald. It is dated to the late 9th century, but an exact dating is difficult and due to its fragmentary presentation it may be a compilation of unrelated stanzas. Unlike Hrafnsmál its relation to Harald and the events it
1315:
share Snorri
Sturluson as author, or at least share a common source. Given the difference in attitude to the royal family and information regarding Erik Bloodaxe's family, the latter seems more likely. Through the name Harald Fairhair appears, he is mostly irreverently referred to as Haraldr lúfa.
602:
has suggested that the idea of
Iceland being settled by people fleeing an overbearing Norwegian monarch actually reflects the anxieties of Iceland in the early thirteenth century, when the island was indeed coming under Norwegian dominance. He has also suggested that the legend of Harald Fairhair
1185:
and the northern
European mainland. However, his opponents' leaving was not entirely voluntary. Many Norwegian chieftains who were wealthy and respected posed a threat to Harald; therefore, they were subjected to much harassment from Harald, prompting them to vacate the land. At last, Harald was
1547:
likely dates to in the early thirteenth century and belongs to belongs to the genre of "Kings’ Sagas" within
Icelandic saga literature, a group of histories of the kings of Norway. It describes in more detail the expedition of Harald Fairhair and Rognvald Mørejarl on an expedition to clear the
1619:
clearly states that the two were married. Harald's further marriages are described as is his rejections of them and his various concubines in favor of Ragnhild the Mighty. The Þáttr concludes with a description of the fates of Harald's various sons, including Thorgils' and Frodi's career as
1694:, a person above the age of 80 was not allowed to make financial decisions or decisions about inheritance. This co-rulership likely reflected similar laws and would also been way for Harald to force his intended succession. Harald died three years later due to old age in approximately 933.
979:
and gave him part of Atli's fief. Atli defended his old area with violence and both of the jarls were killed. Harald proclaimed he would not cut his hair until having become overlord of Norway and earning tribute from every inland valley and outlying headland, earning him the nickname
1209:(concubine) of Harald after her father Eirik of Hordaland had been killed in battle by Harald's followers. Harald is said to have divorced Åsa and rejected Gyda and several other concubines to marry a Jutish princess called Ragnhild the Mighty. The couple only had one child,
1554:), but this is no longer the case. Thomson (2008) writes that Harald's "great voyage is so thoroughly ingrained in popular and scholarly history, both ancient and modern, that it comes as a bit of a shock to realise that it might not be true." The Norwegian contest with the
635:'s account. While it is possible that Harald could have controlled other areas through jarls and client kings, this is difficult to prove with available archeology. Krag has noted that Snorri's account of Harald's origin in Vestfold might have been propaganda as the area of
753:
in the text). However, consensus is that the exact dating is uncertain. It has been suggested that the poem refers to past events, which would mean the poet lived in a later time than the events described in the poem. Linguistic dating of the poem has not been successful.
418:
began to cast doubt on this in 1976, and the decades around 2000 saw a wave of revisionist research that suggested that Harald Fairhair did not exist, or at least not in a way resembling his appearance in sagas. The key arguments for this are as follows:
1686:
title and assigned lands to them, which they were to govern as his representatives; but this arrangement did not put an end to the discord, which continued into the next reign. When he grew old, Harald handed over the supreme power to his favourite son
2043:
unscathed narrative in the sense that in the 21st century both are "true" in a completary, non-completive way. As unifier of the kingdom, Harald rests under a 'Viking' memorial site of burial mounds and memorial stones near his royal court at
1478:
have issues with the traditional dating of the saga events. The marriage of Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye and Blaeja could not have occurred earlier than 867, which would put the dating Harald's ascension to kingship of Norway in 872 into question.
470:
Although Harald Fairhair appears in diverse Icelandic sagas, few if any of these are independent sources. It is plausible that all these were participating in a shared textual tradition begun by the earliest Icelandic prose account of Harald,
950:
and suggests two conflicting stories of Harald's ancestry being combined into one. Harald Fairhair is said to have inherited Halfdan's lands at a young age after the king drowned in the lake Rǫnd in Rykinsvik. The text then sites the poem
1316:
Chapter 3 and 4 tells of Harald's conquest of Norway. It repeats Snorri's story of Harald's vow not to cut his hair until he had become king of all of Norway, but no mention is made of Gyda. Harald is said to have first conquered the
741:(Jorunn the skaldmaiden), one of few female poets mentioned in the sagas. It deals with a conflict between Harald and his son Halfdan, identified in Heimskringla as Halfdan the Black (the Younger), Harald's son by Åsa Håkonsdottir.
352:, none of them older than the twelfth century. Their accounts of Harald and his life differ on many points, but it is clear that in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries Harald was regarded as having unified Norway into one kingdom.
1592:, literary "Harald Fairhair's Þáttr". The first chapter describes Harald's ascension to the throne at the age of sixteen, in contrast to other accounts which gives the age of ten. He is here given the otherwise unknown nickname "
2950:
Judith Jesch 2012, ‘(Introduction to) Jórunn skáldmær, Sendibítr’ in Diana Whaley (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, p.
705:. The bulk of the poem seems to describe the Battle of Hafrsfjord, were Harald faced off against Kjotve the Rich and Hakláng. The poem mentions Ragnhild, who in Heimskringla is presented as Harald's queen and mother of
1510:. In old Norse society, the ancestry of both parents was considered of imperance for the status of a person. The saga relates the conflict between Atli the Slender and Håkon Grjotgardsson and their deaths. Håkon's son
537:
Sources from the British Isles which are independent of the Icelandic saga-tradition (and partly of each other), and are mostly earlier than the sagas, do attest to a king whose name corresponds to the Old Norse name
2114:
the antagonist Vikings Thordur and Eirikur are refugees from Harald's conquest in Norway. Thordur is particularly paranoid about Harald's retainers following him to Iceland, which the protagonist Gestur uses against
2081:
began with the explicit intention of developing the local heritage industry in relation to the Harald Fairhair brand, provoking a prominent debate in Norway over the appropriate handling of archaeological heritage.
1739:, a place for slain warriors, kings, and Germanic heroes. Only the following five names of sons can be confirmed from skaldic poems (with saga claims in parentheses), while the full number of sons remains unknown:
2322:
It is uncertain if Västra Götaland was part of the early Swedish kingdom at this point. In Snorri's time it was, and Snorri might have connected the episodes to each other based on the borders of his own
2091:
Fairhair (Viking Kings of Norway #1) - A Viking historical fiction about the boy who set out to be the first king of Norway. Written by Ole Åsli and Tony Bakkejord (expected publication: 1 November 2022).
626:
tend to accept Harald's existence, while remaining skeptical regarding the saga accounts. In 2015, Hans Jacob Orning, building on then-recent archaeology and Krag's work, argued that Harald was based in
1483:
makes no mention of Blaeja and states that Ragnhild Sigurdsdotter was Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye's daughter and not his great-granddaughter, which seems more plausible in regards to the dating of events.
659:
Harald is mentioned in several sagas, some which quotes supposedly older skaldic poetry. If the linguistic dating of the poems are correct, they represent the earliest accounts of Harald Fairhair.
2313:
According to Peter H. Sawyer, this expedition probably never took place, cf. "Harald Fairhair and the British Isles", in "Les Vikings et leurs civilisation", ed. R. Boyer (Paris, 1976), pp. 105–09
2023:, when he served as 'a heroic narrative character disseminating a foundation story of Norway becoming an independent nation'. In particular, a national monument to Harald was erected in 1872 on
1562:
and the Isle of Man in the mid 13th century is the backdrop to the saga writer's intentions and in part at least the sagas aim to legitimise Norwegian claims to both the Northern Isles and the
942:, and his parents Halfdan the Black and Ragnhildr. The text also describes Halfdan having another son called Harald by another woman named Ragnhildr, daughter of the king Harald Goldbeard of
904:-dynasty from the legendary king Ingvi as Harald's ancestors and Halfdan the Black was his father. Halfdan is here described as ruling a mountainous region of Norway and having drowned in
1029:(written around 1230), which is the most elaborate although not the oldest or most reliable source to the life of Harald, it is written that Harald succeeded, on the death of his father
946:. Halfdan's first Harald inherited Sogn after the death of Harald Goldbeard, and then died himself. Halfdan then inherited Sogn from his first son. The story is repeated by Snorri in
934:
is thought to have been written around 1220 and is a catalogue of the kings of Norway. The first part describes Harald Fairhair's birth ancestry in form of his paternal grandfather
689:
Hrafnsmál largely consists of a conversation between an unnamed valkyrie and a raven; the two discuss the life and martial deeds of Harald Fairhair. The poem describes Harald as an
2100:, a character broadly based on Harald (named Harald Finehair in the series) appears in seasons 4-6 (2016-2020) as one of the main protagonists and is portrayed by Finnish actor
447:, who does seem partly to correspond to a historical figure, as the son of Harald Fairhair, no independent evidence supports this genealogical connection. The twelfth-century
2039:
His compelling narrative has survived scholarly scrutiny almost unscathed - or rather, professional historical knowledge based on a century of source criticism coexists with
518:, they might have been transmitted orally (as the sagas claim) from the tenth century. The first describes life at the court of a king called Harald, mentions that he took a
586:
Scholarly consensus on Harald's historicity now falls into two camps. One suggests that the medieval Icelandic and Norwegian historiography of Harald Fairhair is part of an
1110:
of Trondheim who allied with Harald and married off his daughter Åsa to him. Harald established the royal estate of Hlade in Trondheim and Håkon became the first of the
1458:, who according to the saga was the great-granddaughter of Sigurd through her mother Inibjorg and he grandmother Aslaug. This story is the same as in Snorri's earlier
1978:
414:
Through the nineteenth and most of the twentieth centuries, historians broadly accepted the account of Harald Fairhair given by later Icelandic sagas. However,
1344:. When Herlaug heard Harald was coming he committed suicide by closing himself into a mound with 12 men. Hrollaug renounced his kingship and took the title of
1839:
999:
The text then described Harald's various sons, describing Eirik Bloodaxe as his most beloved and one of his oldest. Harald named Eirik his heir and died in
623:
3299:
Jakobsson, Sverrir, "Erindringen om en mægtig personlighed: den norsk-islandske historiske tradisjon om Harald Hårfagre i et kildekristisk perspektiv",
2288:
in stanza 1, but theses are considered the more unreliable transcripts and in the best transcripts the stanza is slightly different, with no mention of
1993:
Ingebjørg Haraldsdotter (Lade, Trondheim, c. 865 - 920), married Halvdan Jarl (c. 865 - 920), Finnmarksjarl, and had issue through an only daughter
1531:
is suspicious of the king and he and his friend Sæmundr emigrate to Iceland. Harald wins an extrodinary victory at Hafrfjord and makes Ragnvald a jarl.
423:
There is no contemporary support for the claims of later sagas about Harald Fairhair. The first king of Norway recorded in near-contemporary sources is
398:', whereas the Old Norse fairly clearly means 'beautiful-haired' (in contrast to the epithet which, according to some sources, Haraldr previously bore:
2020:
1357:
857:
becoming kings. In this account, Eirik is described as Harald's eldest son and Hakon as the youngest. Only one of Harald's wives/concubines is named,
2032:
639:
was disputed between the Norwegian and Danish crown in the thirteenth century. Krag points of that Othere describes Viken as Danish territory and
2764:
Edith Marold with the assistance of Vivian Busch, Jana Krüger, Ann-Dörte Kyas and Katharina Seidel, translated from German by John Foulks 2012, ‘
1372:. Four sons of Harald are mentioned in the saga: Eirikr Bloodaxe (one of the saga's major antagonists), Hákon Aðalsteinsfóstri (otherwise called
992:
and Haklang. After this battle, all of Norway is said to paid tribute to Harald. Ragnvald jarl then cut Harald's hair and gave him the nickname
849:. He is described to as having waged wars for 10 years before having conquered all of Norway. He is said to have had 20 children, but that only
651:) might have originally meant referred to the leader of the Norwegians in the battle, but later recontextualised as the lord of all Norwegians.
618:. The legend of this Harald later grew into the figure of medieval tradition. Historians who accept the early dating of skaldic poetry such as
2056:
has been regarded as the keystone in the unification of the realm ever since Snorri. Harald Fairhair will always be the first king of Norway.
825:
is dated to about 1190. Here Harald is described as having become the first king of all of Norway at the age of 20. It describes a battle in
2985:
2207:, Fjölnir said to have driven into exile by Harald of Norway. The film is set between in 895, making it a clear allusion to Harald Fairhair.
3420:
614:
One possibility advanced is that Harald Fairhair was based on a historical king called Harald, perhaps also known as "hárfagri", who ruled
2941:
Vries, Jan de. 1964-7. Altnordische Literaturgeschichte. 2 vols. 2nd edn. Grundriss der germanischen Philologie 15-16. Berlin: de Gruyter.
4083:
3260:
2834:
Gísli Sigurðsson, 'Constructing a Past to Suit the Present: Sturla Þórðarson on Conflicts and Alliances with King Haraldr hárfagri', in
3013:
P. H. Sawyer, "Harald Fairhair and the British Isles", in "Les Vikings et leurs civilisation", ed. R. Boyer (Paris, 1976), pp. 105–09.
3186:
Rüdiger, Jan, "All the King's Women: Polygyny and Politics in Europe, 900–1250", Translated by Tim Barnwell. Brill, Boston 2020 p.24.
1325:
3251:
3059:
406:
as 'the fine-haired' or 'fine-hair' (which, however, unhelpfully implies that Haraldr's hair was thinning) or even 'handsome-hair'.
4058:
1340:
after they together defeated the petty kings there. The saga then relates the story of the brothers Herlaug and Hrollaug, kings of
3121:
2596:
Brunaǫld, haugsǫld, kirkjuǫld: Untersuchungen zu den archäologisch uberprufbaren Aussagen in der Heimskringla des Snorri Sturluson
4053:
3627:
877:. Hákon is said to be a Christian, but swayed from Christianity due to his unnamed pagan wife and his will to please his people.
2682:
1861:, "Thore/Tore den Tause" ("the Silent") Ragnvaldsson (c. 862 - Giske, Møre og Romsdal, a. 935), Jarl av Møre, and had issue
1122:. Snorri describes Rognvald as Harald's closest friend and the one to coin the name "Fairhair". Harald is said to have fathered
1165:. His realm was, however, threatened by dangers from without, as large numbers of his opponents had taken refuge, not only in
3323:
2390:
2355:
2138:
1697:
Harald Harfager was commonly stated to have been buried under a mound at Haugar by the Strait of Karmsund near the church in
1114:, a family which would be one of the dominating forces in Norway for the next 150 years. Harald's third principal ally was
806:, a story also told by Snorri in Heimskringla, and that Harald became king afterwards. He is said to have taken control of
745:
dates this poem to the late 10th century. If the dating is correct, it is the first instance of Harald having the epithet "
1348:
instead. Harald accepted Hrollaug's surrender and allowed him to rule Namdalen in his name. This story is also present in
4078:
2477:
1434:) mentions Harald Fairhair in chapter 18 as the great-great-grandson of Sigurd Hart through his daughter Aslaug, her son
1356:
were in his grasp. The saga then related how Harald did battle with the combined forces of kings Audbjörn of Firðafylki,
1041:, which had come into his father's hands through conquest and inheritance. His protector-regent was his mother's brother
2031:
then imagined to be Harald Finehair's burial place, despite opposition from left-wing politicians. The German historian
1690:, whom he intended to be his successor. Eirik I ruled side by side with his father when Harald was 80 years old. In the
821:
382:
is a form, is trickier to render, since it means 'fair, fine, beautiful' (but without the moral associations of English
2838:, ed. by Pernille Hermann, Stephen A. Mitchell, and Agnes S. Arnórsdóttir, AS 4 (Turnhout: Brepols, 2014), pp. 175–96
2019:
Harald Fairhair became an important figure in Norwegian nationalism in the nineteenth century, during its struggle for
1854:
1064:. She said she refused to marry Harald "before he was king over all of Norway". Harald was therefore induced to take a
192:
2882:
2809:
Judith Jesch, 'Norse Historical Traditions and Historia Gruffud vab Kenan: Magnus Berfoettr and Haraldr Harfagri', in
2607:
Judith Jesch, 'Norse Historical Traditions and Historia Gruffud vab Kenan: Magnus Berfoettr and Haraldr Harfagri', in
2492:
Judith Jesch, 'Norse Historical Traditions and Historia Gruffud vab Kenan: Magnus Berfoettr and Haraldr Harfagri', in
1729:
While the various sagas name anywhere from 11 to 20 sons of Harald in various contexts, the contemporary skaldic poem
1705:. The area near Karmsund was the traditional burial site for several early Norwegian rulers. The national monument of
3154:
2639:
Sverrir Jakobsson, 'Yfirstéttarmenning eða þjóðmenning? Um þjóðsögur og heimildargildi í íslenskum miðaldaritum', in
1217:. When Bjørn Farmann was killed in a conflict with Eirik, Harald stepped in on Eirik's side against his other sons.
611:, to claim that their ancestors had had a right to Norway by lineal descent from the country's supposed first king.
3440:
3413:
1611:, through in less detail. Following this Harald's marriage to Gyda is described and his conquest of Norway. Unlike
1498:
is traditionally thought of as a 14th-century work and repeats the story of Harald Fairhair's ancestry as told in
3897:
2908:
2068:
The claim to Harald has become important to the development of the tourism industry of Haugesund and its region:
356:
17:
4073:
3278:
3213:
3196:
3170:
3105:
2683:
King Æthelstan in the English, Continental and Scandinavian Traditions of the Tenth to the Thirteenth Centuries
2198:
s Viking Conquest expansion Harald (as Harald Halfdansson) appears as the faction leader of Northvegr (Norway).
456:
2171:
2060:
1254:
As Harald's sons came of age their unruly behavior became a source of instability in Norway. Snæfrith's sons
1214:
455:
of England (d. 939), which is consistent with later saga-traditions in which Harald Fairhair fostered a son,
1158:
897:
686:, while another is cited in Fagrskinna as information about Harald. Both credits Hornklofi as the composer.
534:
offers no epithet at all. All the poems suggest is that there was once a king called Haraldr (Hálfdanarson).
1833:
1056:
is something of a love story. It begins with a marriage proposal that resulted in rejection and scorn from
794:
includes a brief narrative of Harald and his background. Harald is here described as the great-grandson of
511:
187:
3406:
2765:
2748:
1902:
1127:
463:
a far from uncommon name for a Scandinavian character, and William does not give this Harald the epithet
202:
1603:). Harald's maternal uncle Guthormr is described as his duke and most important ally. Harald's war with
582:('Haraldum Harfagyr', later twelfth century, though this may refer to two different kings by this name).
4068:
3429:
1942:
1224:
constructed for important feasts when Scandinavian royalty was invited. The Värmlandish chieftain Áki (
1194:
1106:
to his jarls. This made jarls and rich farmers flock to his cause to enrich themself. One of these was
892:, which is dated to about 1220, mentions that Iceland was discovered in the time of Harald Fairhair by
858:
546:(d. 1066, often known in modern English as Harald Hardrada). These sources include manuscript D of the
481:. Dating from the early twelfth century, this was written over 250 years after Harald's supposed death.
348:
set down in writing around three centuries after his lifetime. His life is described in several of the
159:
1266:
and Gudrød was brought to justice by Harald. The estates in Møre are returned to Rognvald's other son
514:, and are according to the sagas about Harald Fairhair. Although only preserved in thirteenth-century
4063:
3884:
2788:
874:
3549:
4048:
4033:
4012:
4006:
3864:
3846:
3821:
3806:
3586:
2300:
The historicity of the nickname and the anecdote around it is considered suspect by some scholars.
2193:
2096:
571:
415:
127:
1307:, though its depiction of Harald and his family is much more negative. It has been suggested that
432:
4000:
3851:
3836:
3831:
3816:
3811:
3768:
2993:
2825:, ed. and trans. by Paul Russell (Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2005), pp. 54-57 (chs 4-5).
2184:
1435:
1186:
forced to make an expedition to the West, to clear the islands and the Scottish mainland of some
1078:) of Norway, and when he was justified in trimming it ten years later, he exchanged the epithet "
1061:
1019:
939:
795:
679:
507:
341:
3306:
Raffensperger, Christian, "Shared (Hi)Stories: Vladimir of Rus' and Harald Fairhair of Norway,"
2783:
1858:
1267:
810:
from Atli jarl due to him never paying taxes. This happened before Harald's conquest of Norway.
738:
603:
developed in the twelfth century to enable Norwegian kings, who were then promoting the idea of
3841:
3826:
3801:
3758:
3746:
3513:
3084:
1455:
1450:
1426:
988:. Harald is said to have fought many battles, including a decisive battle in Hafrfjord against
798:
through his daughter Áslaug, her son Sigurd Hart and his daughter Ragnhild. The text describes
270:
1811:
1333:
1287:
The account describes Hákon the good as Harald's youngest son, through a servant named Thora.
1107:
964:
595:
543:
3763:
3736:
2217:
1053:
709:, as well as the following of ulfheðnar warriors that the saga tradition ascribes to Harald.
678:, is a fragmentary skaldic poem generally accepted as being written by the 9th-century skald
591:
561:
548:
448:
1970:
4043:
4038:
3648:
3621:
3290:
by Angelo Forte, Richard Oram and Frederik Pedersen (Cambridge University Press. June 2005)
2162:
2109:
2053:
1710:
1678:
1563:
1248:
1142:
1115:
1070:
683:
566:
2527:
2052:, precisely the region that first caught his attention in Gyda, and whose conquest at the
935:
888:
427:(d. c. 985/986), who is claimed to be the king not only of Denmark but also Norway on the
8:
3596:
3591:
3566:
3063:
2857:
The Early Kings of Norway, the Issue of Agnatic Succession, and the Settlement of Iceland
2721:
The Early Kings of Norway, the Issue of Agnatic Succession, and the Settlement of Iceland
1604:
153:
1514:
advised Harald to kill Atli's son Hallstein which lead to Hallstein's exile in Iceland.
893:
3781:
3702:
3638:
3576:
3571:
2528:
Hair Today, Gone Tomorrow: Hair Loss, the Tonsure, and Masculinity in Medieval Iceland
2361:
2272:
2254:
2241:
2153:
1878:
1818:
1757:
1448:
Harald's maternal ancestry is elaborated upon in the final chapter of the 14th century
1258:
and Gudrød Ljome burned Rognvald jarl alive in his hall and took his lands in More and
862:
766:
636:
477:
326:
280:
182:
1801:
The full list of sons (and partial list of daughters) according to Snorri Sturluson's
1668:
1361:
1119:
443:
written in 1075 record no King of Norway for the relevant period. Although sagas have
3927:
3741:
3682:
3654:
3606:
3525:
3495:
3319:
3274:
3150:
3101:
2514:
2386:
2351:
2147:
1896:
1847:
1687:
1511:
1390:
1135:
1057:
1030:
955:
at length as an example of Harald's nobility and prowess in battle. Harald appointed
799:
608:
599:
579:
557:
490:
260:
166:
2668:
Clare Downham, "Eric Bloodaxe – axed? The Mystery of the Last Viking King of York",
1526:
1494:
742:
472:
467:, whereas he does give that epithet to the later Norwegian king Haraldr Sigurðarson.
340:
Much of Harald's biography is uncertain. A couple of praise poems by his court poet
3922:
3671:
3643:
3519:
3489:
3483:
3341:
2864:
2839:
2728:
2535:
2510:
2262:
2120:
2040:
1949:
1910:
1761:
1628:
1255:
1240:
1225:
1178:
1174:
956:
790:
436:
424:
250:
207:
31:
3660:
2382:
Between History and Myth: Stories of Harald Fairhair and the Founding of the State
2101:
1888:
1783:
1123:
1079:
915:
as the oldest son of Harald, unlike in Heimskringla. Hákon is not referred to as "
3692:
3616:
3581:
3561:
3556:
3537:
3507:
3501:
3478:
3144:
2772:. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 73 ff.
2755:. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 91 ff.
2380:
2132:
1982:
1961:
1914:
1731:
1691:
1543:
1317:
1276:
1236:
1150:
1131:
1098:
989:
553:
515:
349:
334:
212:
2581:
Claus Krag, 'Norge som odel i Harald Hårfagres ætt. Et møte med en gjenganger',
1580:
1571:
530:
call the poem's honorand Haraldr Hálfdanarson rather than Haraldr hárfagri, and
55:
3543:
3380:
2700:
2539:
2411:
2049:
1735:
says that Harald's son Håkon would meet only "eight brothers" when arriving in
1642:
1555:
1299:
1210:
1170:
1101:(whose historicity is not confirmed). Marching up through the Uplands and into
912:
854:
850:
706:
615:
440:
428:
65:
48:
2868:
2732:
2657:
A Foundation Myth of Iceland: Reflections on the tradition of Haraldr hárfagri
2569:
2496:, edited by K. L. Maund (Cambridge: Boydell, 1996), pp. 117–47 (p. 139 n. 62).
2444:, 2nd edn by William A. Craigie (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1957), s.v.
2427:, 2nd edn by William A. Craigie (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1957), s.v.
1202:
870:
4027:
3752:
3473:
3390:
3264:. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 934–935.
3247:
3242:
2843:
2024:
2007:
1975:
Ragnvald Rettilbeine Haraldsson, murdered by Eirik Blodøks on Harald's orders
1743:
1706:
1182:
1111:
1086:
604:
485:
444:
330:
217:
197:
138:
83:
2813:, edited by K. L. Maund (Cambridge: Boydell, 1996), pp. 117–47 (pp. 139–47).
2611:, edited by K. L. Maund (Cambridge: Boydell, 1996), pp. 117–47 (pp. 137–47).
1674:
1353:
1284:, in a position where Harald could prevent him from similar transgressions.
3917:
3716:
3601:
2643:, ed. by Baldur Hafstað og Haraldur Bessason (Reykjavík, 2002), pp. 449–61.
2480:' (unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Minnesota, 2015), pp. 39–40.
2365:
2345:
2203:
1965:
1803:
1769:
1550:
1410:
1082:" or "Tanglehair" (Haraldr lúfa) for the one by which he is usually known.
1042:
1025:
803:
2462:
1828:
1337:
1154:
1037:, to the sovereignty of several small, and somewhat scattered kingdoms in
720:
670:
640:
502:
496:
452:
2623:
1957:
1953:
1658:
1263:
1193:
Snorri describes Harald's marriage to the daughter of Svási, here called
1130:
with Rognvald's sister Svanhild, ancestors of the famous Christian kings
764:
The earliest narrative source which mentions Harald, the twelfth-century
587:
402:, '(thick) matted hair'). Accordingly, some translators prefer to render
2823:
Vits Griffini Filii Conani: The Medieval Latin Life of Gruffydd ap Cynan
1365:
1090:
3970:
3932:
1906:
1585:
1345:
1034:
930:
905:
619:
552:('Harold Harfagera', under the year 1066) and the related histories by
523:
1822:
53:
Harald Fairhair (left) in an illustration from the fourteenth-century
3697:
3677:
3665:
3633:
3611:
3398:
2078:
2045:
2028:
1721:
1702:
1698:
1321:
1221:
1162:
1146:
1102:
1085:
In 866, Harald made the first of a series of conquests over the many
1004:
976:
292:
142:
103:
2685:' (unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Leeds, 2014), pp. 255–73.
2656:
2157:, Harald Fairhair is a playable character during the 867 start date.
1198:
1153:, Harald found himself king over the whole country, ruling from his
344:
survive in fragments, but the extant accounts of his life come from
3980:
3937:
3687:
2249:
1892:
1874:
1736:
1559:
1341:
1271:
1038:
1000:
842:
123:
3241:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
2505:
E.g. Margaret Cormack, 'Fact and Fiction in the Icelandic Sagas,
2350:. Vol. 16. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press. p. 148.
2176:
1751:
1747:
1369:
1247:) as jarl. Harald is then said to have made a punitive raid into
1187:
1166:
1046:
901:
846:
690:
519:
318:
245:
3296:, Peter Sawyer, Editor (Oxford University Press, September 2001)
2002:
3975:
3950:
3432:
1773:
1765:
1507:
1259:
960:
394:
in English as 'fair-hair(ed)', in English 'fair-haired' means '
314:
2770:
Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035
2753:
Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c. 1035
2727:, 47 (2016), 171–88 (pp. 1–18 in open-access text, at p. 7);
2188:
as the reason why the main characters are fleeing from Norway.
2628:
Kings' Sagas and Norwegian History: Problems and Perspectives
1598:
451:
does describe a Norwegian king called Haraldus visiting King
395:
1857:(Rogaland, 875 - Giske, Møre og Romsdal, 935), married
737:, the last and shortest poem Snorri quotes is attributed to
3531:
2932:
Naumann, Hans-Peter. 1998. ‘Glymdrápa’. In RGA, 12, 238-40.
2488:
2486:
1701:, an area that later would be named the town and municipal
1503:
1332:
where it is said that Harald made a marriage alliance with
1281:
1262:. Halfdan Long-Legs was killed on Orkney by Rognvald's son
1232:
1094:
963:, but that the two fell out. In this time Harald meet jarl
943:
807:
628:
345:
313:) was a Norwegian king. According to traditions current in
107:
2630:, The Northern World, 54 (Leiden: Brill, 2011), pp. 66–70.
2564:
P. H. Sawyer, 'Harald Fairhair and the British Isles', in
1049:-dynasty, whose history is described earlier in the work.
598:
was transferred to a fictitious early king of all Norway.
3028:
1065:
374:
translates straightforwardly into English as 'hair', but
2483:
2124:
has a song dedicated to Harald Fairhair, from the album
2077:
In 2013, commercially led archaeological excavations at
390:). Although it is convenient and conventional to render
3149:(7th, 2009 ed.). Univ of Texas Press. p. 84.
2967:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2701:
Var Haraldur hárfagri bara uppspuni Snorra Sturlusonar?
2136:, a symphonic metal band from Germany, wrote the album
431:. The late ninth-century account of Norway provided by
321:
in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, he reigned from
3214:
Branding local heritage and popularising a remote past
3197:
Branding local heritage and popularising a remote past
3171:
Branding local heritage and popularising a remote past
3040:
3016:
2743:
2741:
2566:
les Vikings et leur civilisation: problèmes actuelles
1093:
in Sweden, which had sworn allegiance to the Swedish
2954:
2619:
2617:
1270:
who was given Harald's daughter Ålov in marriage as
1231:) invited both king Harald Fairhair and the Swedish
724:
supposedly relates to in Heimskringla is ambiguous.
510:
or alternatively (in the case of the first poem) to
337:, succeeded Harald to become kings after his death.
30:"Fairhair" redirects here. For the royal house, see
2836:
Minni and Muninn: Memory in Medieval Nordic Culture
2304:, pp. 122–123, citing Moe (1926), pp. 134–140.
1884:Children with Svanhild, daughter of Øystein Jarl:
1408:, Harald's conquest of Norway sets off the plot of
1134:(named after his grandfather Olav Geirstadalv) and
3085:Heimskringla, The Chronicle of the Kings of Norway
2738:
1651: Petty kingdoms assigned to Harald's kinsmen.
484:The saga evidence is potentially pre-dated by two
2651:
2649:
2614:
2160:Harald Fairhair is mentioned in the manga series
1924:Children with Åshild, daughter of Ring Dagsson:
459:, on Æthelstan. But William is a late source and
4025:
2992:, vol. 108, pp. 122–23, archived from
1895:and reputed great-grandfather of Norwegian king
3216:: The example of Haugesund in Western Norway',
3199:: The example of Haugesund in Western Norway',
3173:: The example of Haugesund in Western Norway',
2641:Úr manna minnum: Greinar um íslenskar þjóðsögur
2266:
1502:, and elaborates back to Sigurd Fafnisbani and
701:), but uses his widely cited previous nickname
2646:
1303:presents a broadly similar account to that of
813:
362:
3414:
3294:The Oxford Illustrated History of the Vikings
1909:, later also Vestfold, and reputed father of
1607:and his neighboring kings is described as in
1380:(whose name is otherwise usually rendered as
1220:There are several accounts of large feasting
1089:which would compose all of Norway, including
542:—but they use this name of the well attested
3146:Heimskringla: History of the Kings of Norway
2811:Gruffudd ap Cynan: A Collaborative Biography
2749:Þorbjǫrn hornklofi, Haraldskvæði (Hrafnsmál)
2609:Gruffudd ap Cynan: A Collaborative Biography
2494:Gruffudd ap Cynan: A Collaborative Biography
1793:
1274:. A variation of this story also appears in
1169:, then recently discovered; but also in the
3095:
2284:Some transcripts does include a mention of
1197:, but in his account they are described as
1068:not to cut nor comb his hair until he was "
1045:. He is described as the descendant of the
3421:
3407:
1280:. Afterwards, Gudrød was kept in Harald's
357:Norway was in a personal union with Sweden
47:
3964:
3142:
3136:
3122:"Ålov Årbot (Haraldsdotter) (Ólöf árbót)"
2027:, an ancient burial mound at the town of
1873:Torgils Haraldsson – identified as "
1417:
833:) against a king called Skeithar-Brandr (
3911:
3878:
3795:
3730:
3268:
3246:
3218:AP: Online Journal in Public Archaeology
3201:AP: Online Journal in Public Archaeology
3175:AP: Online Journal in Public Archaeology
3034:
2971:
2440:Richard Cleasby and Gudbrand Vigfusson,
2423:Richard Cleasby and Gudbrand Vigfusson,
2182:He's briefly mentioned in the 2014 film
2059:
2001:
1720:
1627:
900:. The work describes the history of the
3461:
3313:
3046:
3022:
2986:"Nicknames and Narratives in the Sagas"
2907:Orning, Hans Jacob (25 November 2015).
2881:Orning, Hans Jacob (25 November 2015).
2781:
2378:
1709:was raised in 1872, to commemorate the
1673:Not shown: the domains of the jarls of
1454:. Harald's mother is said to have been
693:, but does not use his famous nickname
560:('Harvagra', s.aa. 1066 and 1098), and
14:
4026:
3428:
2983:
2906:
2880:
2301:
2248:
2191:In the 2010 video-game expansion pack
1384:). The saga renders Harald's title as
3402:
2883:"Harald Hårfagre – en vestlandskonge"
2715:
2713:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2459:A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic
2407:A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic
2343:
2271:
1997:
1952:or "Long-Leg", was executed with the
1713:which is traditionally dated to 872.
802:'s death by going through the ice on
2347:Early state formation in Scandinavia
2166:as the tyrannical unifier of Norway.
1827:Halvdan Kvite (Haraldsson), king of
1441:
1432:Saga of Ragnar Lothbrok and his sons
1205:). Gyda is said to have been made a
880:
570:, 'Harvagre', s.a. regarding 1066);
3060:"Heimskringla, by Snorri Sturluson"
1427:Ragnars saga loðbrókar ok sona hans
971:in the text) at a feast in Hladir (
845:were as other sources calls him an
355:Since the nineteenth century, when
325: 872 to 930 and was the first
24:
4084:People whose existence is disputed
3098:Vikingtid og rikssamling: 800–1130
2710:
2688:
2250:[ˈhɑrˌɑldrhinːˈhɑːrˌfɑɣre]
2064:Haraldshaugen Monument (June 2018)
1789:Halvdan, possibly two by that name
1725:Harald Haarfager later in his life
1534:
837:). The text quotes a poem called "
574:('Arbach', d. 1082/1083); and the
522:wife, and that he won a battle at
25:
4095:
2659:', 日本アイスランド学会会報 (2011), 30: 1–22.
1667: The domain of the jarls of
1517:
1486:
594:, perhaps in which a cognomen of
556:('Harafagh', re events in 1066),
3234:
2598:(Frankfurt am Main: Lang, 1996).
2515:10.1111/j.1478-0542.2006.00363.x
2461:(Oxford: Clarendon, 1910), s.v.
2409:(Oxford: Clarendon, 1910), s.v.
2273:[ˈhaːrˌaltʏrˈhaurˌfaɣrɪ]
757:
506:, which have been attributed to
160:Snjófríthr/Snæfrithr Svásadottir
4059:10th-century Norwegian monarchs
3314:Thomson, William P. L. (2008).
3206:
3189:
3180:
3163:
3114:
3089:
3078:
3052:
3007:
2977:
2944:
2935:
2926:
2909:"Harald Hårfagre fra Vestfold?"
2900:
2874:
2849:
2828:
2816:
2803:
2775:
2758:
2675:
2662:
2633:
2601:
2588:
2575:
2558:
2545:
2520:
2499:
2442:An Icelandic-English Dictionary
2425:An Icelandic-English Dictionary
2385:. University of Chicago Press.
2316:
2307:
2294:
2278:
2142:about Harald and his conquests.
2006:The 1872 monument to Harald at
1945:, daughter of Svåse the Finn:
1810:Children with Åsa, daughter of
1746:(by Ragnhild Eiriksdotter from
1569:
1397:
1010:
1003:from old age and was buried in
654:
439:(about 890) and the history by
329:. Supposedly, two of his sons,
4054:9th-century Norwegian monarchs
3273:. Leicester University Press.
3220:, 1 (2014), 45–60 (pp. 54–55).
2509:, 5/1 (2007), 201–17 (p. 203)
2470:
2451:
2434:
2417:
2399:
2372:
2337:
2235:
1632:Harald I's division of Norway
1290:
841:" which describes Harald as a
777:
409:
13:
1:
3360:
3350:
3269:Crawford, Barbara E. (1987).
2766:Þorbjǫrn hornklofi, Glymdrápa
2223:
1971:Gudröd the Radiant Haraldsson
1877:" in the (dates not correct)
1633:
1623:
1328:. This accounts differs from
1324:and become overlord over the
1251:, to weaken Erik Eymundsson.
1031:Halfdan the Black Gudrödarson
922:
322:
307:
300:
118:
98:
2330:
2118:The German power-metal band
2085:
2014:
727:
712:
662:
188:Halfdan Haraldsson the Black
7:
3212:Torgrim Sneve Guttormsen, '
3195:Torgrim Sneve Guttormsen, '
3169:Torgrim Sneve Guttormsen, '
2553:I Am from Iceland: A Memoir
2211:
1934:Gudrød Skirja Haraldsdotter
1913:, father of Norwegian king
1903:Olaf Haraldsson Geirstadalf
1438:and his daughter Ragnhild.
1352:. After this, Namdalen and
1143:great victory at Hafrsfjord
822:Ágrip af Nóregskonungasögum
815:Ágrip af Nóregskonungasögum
203:Olaf Haraldsson Geirstadalf
10:
4100:
4079:Orkneyinga saga characters
3227:
3203:, 1 (2014), 45–60 (p. 54).
3177:, 1 (2014), 45–60 (p. 47).
2990:Arkiv för Nordisk Filologi
2540:10.5406/scanstud.85.1.0001
2534:, 85 (2013), 1–19 (p. 5),
2172:Assassin's Creed: Valhalla
172:
29:
3992:
3949:
3896:
3863:
3780:
3715:
3439:
3387:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3335:
3316:The New History of Orkney
2869:10.1484/J.VIATOR.5.112357
2789:Norsk biografisk leksikon
2768:’ in Diana Whaley (ed.),
2751:’ in Diana Whaley (ed.),
2733:10.1484/J.VIATOR.5.112357
2572:(Paris, 1976), pp. 105–9.
1950:Halfdan Halegg Haraldsson
1834:Halvdan Svarte Haraldsson
1190:who tried to hide there.
938:and maternal grandfather
607:over the older custom of
378:, the adjective of which
276:
266:
256:
244:
235:
230:
226:
165:
149:
133:
113:
93:
89:
79:
71:
64:
46:
41:
3678:Magnus VI the Law-mender
2844:10.1484/M.AS-eb.1.101980
2228:
2194:Mount and Blade: Warband
2021:independence from Sweden
1920:Ragnar Rykkel Haraldsson
1855:Ålov Årbot Haraldsdotter
1716:
1657: The domain of the
1641: The domain of the
1062:Eirik, king of Hordaland
572:Marianus Scotus of Mainz
193:Álof árbót Haraldsdóttir
27:The first King of Norway
3951:III. Independent Norway
3634:Haakon II Broadshoulder
3310:, 68,4 (2009), 569–582.
3261:Encyclopædia Britannica
3143:Hollander, Lee (1964).
2526:E.g. Carl Phelpstead, '
2379:Lincoln, Bruce (2014).
2245:
2185:Northmen: A Viking Saga
2094:In the television show
1937:Ingegjerd Haraldsdotter
1578:The fourteenth-century
1436:Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye
1297:The thirteenth-century
1020:Saga of Harald Fairhair
940:Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye
911:This account describes
796:Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye
590:created to explain the
3865:II. Independent Norway
3318:. Edinburgh: Birlinn.
2984:Whaley, Diana (1993),
2863:, 47 (2016), 171–88;
2681:Angela Marion Smith, '
2344:Bagge, Sverre (2009).
2267:
2258:
2075:
2065:
2058:
2011:
1981:(great-grandfather to
1979:Sigurd Rise Haraldsson
1726:
1682:
1590:Haralds þáttr hárfagra
1500:Saga of Ragnar Lodbrok
1456:Ragnhild Sigurdsdotter
1419:Saga of Ragnar Lodbrok
457:Hákon Aðalsteinsfóstri
271:Ragnhild Sigurdsdotter
4074:Scandinavian Scotland
3649:Haakon III Sverresson
3622:Eystein II Haraldsson
3597:Sigurd I the Crusader
3446:Foreign and non-royal
3441:I. Independent Norway
3271:Scandinavian Scotland
3124:. Det Norske Samlaget
2670:Mediaeval Scandinavia
2246:Haraldr hinn hárfagri
2218:Unification of Norway
2070:
2063:
2037:
2005:
1943:Snæfrithr Svásadottir
1891:Haraldssøon, king of
1724:
1631:
1472:Hálfdanar saga svarta
1460:Hálfdanar saga svarta
1054:unification of Norway
898:Hjörleifr Hróðmarsson
861:, daughter of Svási (
592:settlement of Iceland
562:William of Malmesbury
549:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
449:William of Malmesbury
3666:Haakon IV Haakonsson
3567:Magnus II Haraldsson
3454:monarchs in brackets
3303:, 81 (2002), 213–30.
3301:Historisk tidsskrift
3096:Krag, Claus (1995).
2855:Sverrir Jakobsson, '
2719:Sverrir Jakobsson, '
2707:(25 September 2006).
2699:Sverrir Jakobsson, '
2585:, 3 (1989), 288–302.
2532:Scandinavian Studies
2110:When the Raven Flies
2054:Battle of Hafrsfjord
1812:Håkon Grjotgardssson
1711:Battle of Hafrsfjord
1564:Kingdom of the Isles
1215:burned in their hall
1116:Rognvald Eysteinsson
684:Battle of Hafrsfjord
649:lord of the northmen
567:Gesta regum Anglorum
540:Haraldr inn hárfagri
236:Haraldr Hálfdanarson
3885:Christian Frederick
3698:Haakon VI Magnusson
3693:Magnus VII Ericsson
3639:Magnus V Erlingsson
3607:Magnus IV the Blind
3592:Eystein I Magnusson
3582:Magnus III Barefoot
3562:Harald III Hardrada
3484:Harald II Greycloak
2784:"Harald 1 Hårfagre"
2672:, 14 (2004), 51–77.
2655:Sayaka Matsumoto, '
2583:Historisk tidskrift
2555:(Lulu, 2010), p. 4.
2478:Old Norse Nicknames
2476:Paul R. Peterson, '
2145:In the video games
1867:Sigtrygg Haraldsson
1842:, king of Trondheim
1836:, king of Trondheim
1643:High King of Norway
1605:Gandalf Alfgeirsson
1334:Håkon Grjotgardsson
1201:rather than finns (
1108:Håkon Grjotgardsson
965:Håkon Grjotgardsson
596:Haraldr Sigurðarson
544:Haraldr Sigurðarson
363:Meaning of epithet
154:Ragnhild the Mighty
3703:Olaf IV Haakonsson
3688:Haakon V Magnusson
3655:Guttorm Sigurdsson
3577:Haakon Toresfostre
3308:The Russian Review
3100:. pp. 92–95.
2747:R. D. Fulk 2012, ‘
2175:, a video game by
2169:Harald appears in
2154:Crusader Kings III
2066:
2012:
1998:In popular culture
1819:Guttorm Haraldsson
1727:
1683:
1466:, but contradicts
1060:, the daughter of
680:Þorbjörn Hornklofi
609:agnatic succession
512:Þjóðólfr of Hvinir
508:Þorbjörn hornklofi
342:Þorbjörn Hornklofi
183:Guttorm Haraldsson
75:putatively 872–930
4069:Founding monarchs
4021:
4020:
3988:
3987:
3945:
3944:
3898:Union with Sweden
3892:
3891:
3859:
3858:
3776:
3775:
3711:
3710:
3683:Eric II Magnusson
3644:Sverre Sigurdsson
3628:Magnus Haraldsson
3617:Inge I Haraldsson
3557:Magnus I the Good
3526:Olaf II the Saint
3514:Eiríkr Hákonarson
3502:Olaf I Tryggvason
3496:Haakon Sigurdsson
3479:Haakon I the Good
3469:Harald I Fairhair
3455:
3397:
3396:
3388:Succeeded by
3325:978-1-84158-696-0
2594:Alexandra Pesch,
2392:978-0-226-14092-6
2357:978-3-7001-6604-7
2268:Haraldur hárfagri
2201:In the 2022 film
2148:Crusader Kings II
2107:In the 1984 film
1989:Other children:
1848:Gyda Eiriksdottir
1840:Sigrød Haraldsson
1814:, Jarl av Lade:
1512:Sigurd Haakonsson
1476:Ragnarssona þáttr
1451:Ragnarssona þáttr
1443:Ragnarssona þáttr
1424:The 13th century
1268:Thorir the Silent
936:Gudrød the Hunter
889:Historia Norwegiæ
882:Historia Norwegiæ
800:Halfdan the Black
645:dróttin Norðmanna
633:Historia Norwegiæ
624:Hans Jacob Orning
600:Sverrir Jakobsson
580:Gruffydd ap Cynan
558:John of Worcester
286:
285:
261:Halfdan the Black
240:
239:
16:(Redirected from
4091:
4064:Fairhair dynasty
3962:
3961:
3923:Charles III John
3909:
3908:
3876:
3875:
3793:
3792:
3728:
3727:
3672:Haakon the Young
3661:Inge II Bårdsson
3520:Sweyn Haakonsson
3490:Harald Bluetooth
3459:
3458:
3445:
3423:
3416:
3409:
3400:
3399:
3364:
3362:
3354:
3352:
3342:Fairhair dynasty
3333:
3332:
3329:
3284:
3265:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3221:
3210:
3204:
3193:
3187:
3184:
3178:
3167:
3161:
3160:
3140:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3129:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3093:
3087:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3071:
3062:. Archived from
3056:
3050:
3044:
3038:
3037:, pp. 52–53
3032:
3026:
3020:
3014:
3011:
3005:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2981:
2975:
2969:
2952:
2948:
2942:
2939:
2933:
2930:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2904:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2878:
2872:
2853:
2847:
2832:
2826:
2820:
2814:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2779:
2773:
2762:
2756:
2745:
2736:
2717:
2708:
2697:
2686:
2679:
2673:
2666:
2660:
2653:
2644:
2637:
2631:
2621:
2612:
2605:
2599:
2592:
2586:
2579:
2573:
2562:
2556:
2551:Edith Andersen,
2549:
2543:
2524:
2518:
2503:
2497:
2490:
2481:
2474:
2468:
2455:
2449:
2438:
2432:
2421:
2415:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2341:
2324:
2320:
2314:
2311:
2305:
2298:
2292:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2270:
2263:Modern Icelandic
2252:
2239:
2126:Sagas of Iceland
2035:concluded that:
1960:detailed in the
1911:Tryggve Olafsson
1870:Frode Haraldsson
1864:Rørek Haraldsson
1762:Tora Mosterstong
1666:
1656:
1650:
1640:
1635:
1620:"west-vikings".
1358:Solvi Bandy-legs
1256:Halfdan Long-Leg
1179:Hebrides Islands
1175:Shetland Islands
1141:In 872, after a
1128:Olav Geirstadalv
957:Atli the Slender
894:Ingólfr Arnarson
719:Like Hrafnsmál,
674:, also known as
437:Alfred the Great
435:to the court of
425:Harald Bluetooth
386:, as opposed to
324:
312:
309:
305:
302:
297:Haraldr Hárfagri
228:
227:
208:Halfdan Long-Leg
176:
157:Åsa Håkonsdotter
120:
100:
51:
39:
38:
32:Fairhair dynasty
21:
4099:
4098:
4094:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4089:
4088:
4049:Viking warriors
4034:Harald Fairhair
4024:
4023:
4022:
4017:
4013:Swedish monarch
4007:English monarch
3984:
3960:
3941:
3907:
3888:
3874:
3855:
3791:
3772:
3726:
3707:
3602:Harald IV Gille
3538:Haakon Ericsson
3508:Sweyn Forkbeard
3474:Eric I Bloodaxe
3453:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3435:
3427:
3393:
3384:
3355:
3346:
3345:
3338:
3337:Harald Fairhair
3326:
3281:
3250:, ed. (1911). "
3235:
3233:
3230:
3225:
3224:
3211:
3207:
3194:
3190:
3185:
3181:
3168:
3164:
3157:
3141:
3137:
3127:
3125:
3120:
3119:
3115:
3108:
3094:
3090:
3083:
3079:
3069:
3067:
3066:on 22 July 2011
3058:
3057:
3053:
3045:
3041:
3035:Crawford (1987)
3033:
3029:
3021:
3017:
3012:
3008:
2999:
2997:
2996:on 8 March 2017
2982:
2978:
2970:
2955:
2949:
2945:
2940:
2936:
2931:
2927:
2917:
2915:
2913:Norges Historie
2905:
2901:
2891:
2889:
2887:Norges Historie
2879:
2875:
2854:
2850:
2833:
2829:
2821:
2817:
2808:
2804:
2794:
2792:
2780:
2776:
2763:
2759:
2746:
2739:
2718:
2711:
2705:Vísindavefurinn
2698:
2689:
2680:
2676:
2667:
2663:
2654:
2647:
2638:
2634:
2622:
2615:
2606:
2602:
2593:
2589:
2580:
2576:
2563:
2559:
2550:
2546:
2525:
2521:
2507:History Compass
2504:
2500:
2491:
2484:
2475:
2471:
2457:Geir T. Zoëga,
2456:
2452:
2439:
2435:
2422:
2418:
2405:Geir T. Zoëga,
2404:
2400:
2393:
2377:
2373:
2358:
2342:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2327:
2321:
2317:
2312:
2308:
2299:
2295:
2283:
2279:
2261:
2259:Harald hårfagre
2253:
2240:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2214:
2088:
2017:
2000:
1983:Harald Hardrada
1962:Orkneyinga saga
1928:Ring Haraldsson
1799:
1719:
1692:Gray Goose Laws
1672:
1664:
1662:
1659:jarls of Hlaðir
1654:
1652:
1648:
1646:
1638:
1626:
1576:
1544:Orkneyinga saga
1539:
1536:Orkneyinga saga
1522:
1491:
1446:
1422:
1402:
1386:einváldskonungr
1362:Møre og Romsdal
1320:and then taken
1295:
1277:Orkneyinga saga
1249:Västra Götaland
1237:Erik Eymundsson
1151:Kjotve the Rich
1132:Olav Tryggvason
1099:Erik Eymundsson
1015:
990:Kjotve the Rich
927:
885:
869:), a beautiful
829:(as opposed of
818:
782:
762:
739:Jórunn skáldmær
732:
717:
667:
657:
554:Orderic Vitalis
494:(also known as
412:
368:
335:Haakon the Good
310:
303:
289:Harald Fairhair
222:
213:Haakon the Good
170:
169:
158:
156:
145:
122:
102:
60:
42:Harald Fairhair
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Harald Finehair
15:
12:
11:
5:
4097:
4087:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4015:
4009:
4003:
4001:Danish monarch
3997:
3993:
3990:
3989:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3966:
3959:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3947:
3946:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3913:
3906:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3894:
3893:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3882:
3880:
3873:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3861:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3797:
3790:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3782:Denmark–Norway
3778:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3732:
3725:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3713:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3612:Sigurd II Munn
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3587:Olav Magnusson
3584:
3579:
3574:
3572:Olaf III Kyrre
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3544:Sweyn Knutsson
3528:
3523:
3504:
3499:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3465:
3463:
3456:
3437:
3436:
3426:
3425:
3418:
3411:
3403:
3395:
3394:
3389:
3386:
3381:King of Norway
3377:
3371:
3370:
3369:Regnal titles
3366:
3365:
3339:
3336:
3331:
3330:
3324:
3311:
3304:
3297:
3291:
3288:Viking Empires
3285:
3279:
3266:
3248:Chisholm, Hugh
3229:
3226:
3223:
3222:
3205:
3188:
3179:
3162:
3155:
3135:
3113:
3106:
3088:
3077:
3051:
3047:Thomson (2008)
3039:
3027:
3023:Thomson (2008)
3015:
3006:
2976:
2953:
2943:
2934:
2925:
2899:
2873:
2848:
2827:
2815:
2802:
2774:
2757:
2737:
2709:
2687:
2674:
2661:
2645:
2632:
2613:
2600:
2587:
2574:
2557:
2544:
2519:
2498:
2482:
2469:
2450:
2433:
2416:
2398:
2391:
2371:
2356:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2315:
2306:
2293:
2277:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2208:
2199:
2189:
2180:
2167:
2158:
2143:
2129:
2116:
2105:
2092:
2087:
2084:
2016:
2013:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1994:
1987:
1986:
1976:
1973:
1968:
1941:Children with
1939:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1931:Dag Haraldsson
1929:
1922:
1921:
1918:
1900:
1882:
1881:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1846:Children with
1844:
1843:
1837:
1831:
1825:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1790:
1787:
1780:
1777:
1758:Håkon the Good
1755:
1718:
1715:
1688:Eirik Bloodaxe
1663:
1653:
1647:
1637:
1625:
1622:
1575:
1568:
1556:Kings of Scots
1538:
1533:
1527:Vatnsdæla saga
1521:
1519:Vatnsdæla saga
1516:
1495:Flóamanna saga
1490:
1488:Flóamanna saga
1485:
1445:
1440:
1421:
1416:
1401:
1396:
1364:and Arnvid of
1336:which won him
1294:
1289:
1211:Eirik Bloodaxe
1171:Orkney Islands
1087:petty kingdoms
1014:
1009:
926:
921:
913:Eirik Bloodaxe
884:
879:
855:Hakon the Good
851:Eirik Bloodaxe
835:Skeiðar-Brandr
817:
812:
781:
776:
761:
756:
743:Finnur Jónsson
731:
726:
716:
711:
707:Eirik Bloodaxe
666:
661:
656:
653:
584:
583:
535:
482:
473:Ari Þorgilsson
468:
441:Adam of Bremen
429:Jelling stones
411:
408:
367:
361:
327:King of Norway
284:
283:
281:Norse paganism
278:
274:
273:
268:
264:
263:
258:
254:
253:
248:
242:
241:
238:
237:
233:
232:
224:
223:
221:
220:
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
179:
177:
163:
162:
151:
147:
146:
137:
135:
131:
130:
115:
111:
110:
95:
91:
90:
87:
86:
81:
77:
76:
73:
69:
68:
66:King of Norway
62:
61:
52:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4096:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4031:
4029:
4014:
4010:
4008:
4004:
4002:
3998:
3995:
3994:
3991:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3963:
3957:
3956:
3954:
3952:
3948:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3910:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3899:
3895:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3877:
3871:
3870:
3868:
3866:
3862:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3847:Christian VII
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3822:Frederick III
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3807:Christian III
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3794:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3783:
3779:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3754:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3729:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3718:
3714:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3673:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3656:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3629:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3546:
3545:
3540:
3539:
3534:
3533:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3521:
3516:
3515:
3510:
3509:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3497:
3492:
3491:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3460:
3457:
3451:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3431:
3424:
3419:
3417:
3412:
3410:
3405:
3404:
3401:
3392:
3383:
3382:
3376:
3372:
3367:
3359:
3349:
3344:
3343:
3334:
3327:
3321:
3317:
3312:
3309:
3305:
3302:
3298:
3295:
3292:
3289:
3286:
3282:
3276:
3272:
3267:
3263:
3262:
3257:
3255:
3249:
3244:
3243:public domain
3232:
3231:
3219:
3215:
3209:
3202:
3198:
3192:
3183:
3176:
3172:
3166:
3158:
3156:9780292786967
3152:
3148:
3147:
3139:
3123:
3117:
3109:
3103:
3099:
3092:
3086:
3081:
3065:
3061:
3055:
3048:
3043:
3036:
3031:
3024:
3019:
3010:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2980:
2973:
2972:Chisholm 1911
2968:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2958:
2947:
2938:
2929:
2914:
2910:
2903:
2888:
2884:
2877:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2852:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2831:
2824:
2819:
2812:
2806:
2791:
2790:
2785:
2782:Krag, Claus.
2778:
2771:
2767:
2761:
2754:
2750:
2744:
2742:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2716:
2714:
2706:
2702:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2684:
2678:
2671:
2665:
2658:
2652:
2650:
2642:
2636:
2629:
2625:
2620:
2618:
2610:
2604:
2597:
2591:
2584:
2578:
2571:
2567:
2561:
2554:
2548:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2523:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2502:
2495:
2489:
2487:
2479:
2473:
2467:
2464:
2460:
2454:
2447:
2443:
2437:
2430:
2426:
2420:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2402:
2394:
2388:
2384:
2383:
2375:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2353:
2349:
2348:
2340:
2336:
2319:
2310:
2303:
2297:
2291:
2287:
2281:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2238:
2234:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2206:
2205:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2178:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2150:
2149:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2139:King of Kings
2135:
2134:
2130:
2127:
2123:
2122:
2117:
2113:
2111:
2106:
2103:
2102:Peter Franzén
2099:
2098:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2083:
2080:
2074:
2069:
2062:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2042:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2025:Haraldshaugen
2022:
2009:
2008:Haraldshaugen
2004:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1984:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1925:
1919:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1889:Bjørn Farmann
1887:
1886:
1885:
1880:
1879:Irish history
1876:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1859:Þórir Teiande
1856:
1853:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1808:
1806:
1805:
1797:
1794:According to
1788:
1785:
1784:Bjørn Farmann
1781:
1778:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1744:Eric Bloodaxe
1742:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1723:
1714:
1712:
1708:
1707:Haraldshaugen
1704:
1700:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1680:
1676:
1670:
1660:
1644:
1636: 930 CE.
1630:
1621:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1600:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1582:
1574:
1573:
1567:
1566:in the west.
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1537:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1520:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1496:
1489:
1484:
1482:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1452:
1444:
1439:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1428:
1420:
1415:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1400:
1395:
1393:
1392:
1391:absolute king
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1301:
1293:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1278:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1191:
1189:
1184:
1183:Faroe Islands
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1137:
1136:Olav the Holy
1133:
1129:
1125:
1124:Bjørn Farmann
1121:
1117:
1113:
1112:Earls of Lade
1109:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1072:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1021:
1013:
1008:
1006:
1002:
997:
995:
991:
987:
983:
978:
974:
970:
969:Hákon the Old
966:
962:
958:
954:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
932:
925:
920:
918:
914:
909:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
890:
883:
878:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
823:
816:
811:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
792:
787:
780:
775:
773:
769:
768:
767:Íslendingabók
760:
759:Íslendingabók
755:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
730:
725:
722:
715:
710:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
687:
685:
681:
677:
673:
672:
665:
660:
652:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
625:
621:
617:
612:
610:
606:
605:primogeniture
601:
597:
593:
589:
581:
577:
573:
569:
568:
563:
559:
555:
551:
550:
545:
541:
536:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
504:
499:
498:
493:
492:
487:
486:skaldic poems
483:
480:
479:
478:Íslendingabók
474:
469:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
445:Erik Bloodaxe
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
421:
420:
417:
407:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
366:
360:
358:
353:
351:
347:
343:
338:
336:
332:
331:Eric Bloodaxe
328:
320:
316:
298:
294:
290:
282:
279:
275:
272:
269:
265:
262:
259:
255:
252:
249:
247:
243:
234:
229:
225:
219:
218:Eric Bloodaxe
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
198:Bjorn Farmann
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
180:
178:
175:
174:
168:
164:
161:
155:
152:
148:
144:
140:
139:Haraldshaugen
136:
132:
129:
125:
116:
112:
109:
105:
96:
92:
88:
85:
84:Eric Bloodaxe
82:
78:
74:
70:
67:
63:
58:
57:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
3852:Frederick VI
3837:Christian VI
3832:Frederick IV
3817:Christian IV
3812:Frederick II
3769:Christian II
3751:
3717:Kalmar Union
3548:
3542:
3536:
3530:
3518:
3512:
3506:
3494:
3488:
3468:
3449:
3379:
3374:
3357:
3347:
3340:
3315:
3307:
3300:
3293:
3287:
3270:
3259:
3253:
3217:
3208:
3200:
3191:
3182:
3174:
3165:
3145:
3138:
3126:. Retrieved
3116:
3097:
3091:
3080:
3068:. Retrieved
3064:the original
3054:
3049:, p. 27
3042:
3030:
3025:, p. 25
3018:
3009:
2998:, retrieved
2994:the original
2989:
2979:
2946:
2937:
2928:
2916:. Retrieved
2912:
2902:
2890:. Retrieved
2886:
2876:
2860:
2851:
2835:
2830:
2822:
2818:
2810:
2805:
2793:. Retrieved
2787:
2777:
2769:
2760:
2752:
2724:
2704:
2677:
2669:
2664:
2640:
2635:
2627:
2608:
2603:
2595:
2590:
2582:
2577:
2565:
2560:
2552:
2547:
2531:
2522:
2506:
2501:
2493:
2472:
2465:
2458:
2453:
2445:
2441:
2436:
2428:
2424:
2419:
2410:
2406:
2401:
2381:
2374:
2346:
2339:
2318:
2309:
2296:
2289:
2285:
2280:
2237:
2204:The Northman
2202:
2192:
2183:
2170:
2163:Vinland Saga
2161:
2152:
2146:
2137:
2133:Leaves' Eyes
2131:
2125:
2119:
2108:
2095:
2076:
2071:
2067:
2038:
2018:
1988:
1966:Heimskringla
1940:
1923:
1883:
1845:
1809:
1804:Heimskringla
1802:
1800:
1796:Heimskringla
1795:
1770:Sunnhordland
1730:
1728:
1696:
1684:
1617:Flateyjarbók
1616:
1613:Heimskringla
1612:
1609:Heimskringla
1608:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1581:Flateyjarbók
1579:
1577:
1572:Flateyjarbók
1570:
1551:Heimskringla
1549:
1542:
1540:
1535:
1525:
1523:
1518:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1487:
1480:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1464:Heimskringla
1463:
1459:
1449:
1447:
1442:
1431:
1425:
1423:
1418:
1411:Grettis saga
1409:
1405:
1403:
1399:Grettis saga
1398:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1376:), Olaf and
1373:
1350:Heimskringla
1349:
1330:Heimskringla
1329:
1312:
1309:Heimskringla
1308:
1305:Heimskringla
1304:
1298:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1275:
1272:compensation
1253:
1244:
1228:
1219:
1206:
1192:
1140:
1084:
1075:
1069:
1051:
1043:duke Guthorm
1026:Heimskringla
1024:
1018:
1016:
1012:Heimskringla
1011:
998:
993:
985:
981:
972:
968:
952:
948:Heimskringla
947:
929:
928:
923:
916:
910:
887:
886:
881:
866:
838:
834:
830:
826:
820:
819:
814:
804:Randsfjorden
789:
788:-version of
785:
783:
778:
771:
765:
763:
758:
750:
746:
734:
733:
728:
718:
713:
702:
698:
694:
688:
676:Haraldskvæði
675:
669:
668:
663:
658:
655:Attestations
648:
644:
632:
613:
585:
575:
565:
547:
539:
531:
528:Haraldskvæði
527:
516:Kings' sagas
501:
495:
491:Haraldskvæði
489:
476:
464:
460:
416:Peter Sawyer
413:
403:
399:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
369:
364:
354:
350:Kings' sagas
339:
296:
288:
287:
171:
56:Flateyjarbók
54:
36:
4044:930s deaths
4039:850s births
3842:Frederick V
3827:Christian V
3802:Frederick I
3759:Christian I
3747:Christopher
3430:Monarchs of
2918:28 February
2892:28 February
2795:3 September
2624:Shami Ghosh
2570:Régis Boyer
2366:j.ctt3fgk28
2302:Whaley 1993
2033:Jan Rüdiger
1958:Torf-Einarr
1954:Blood eagle
1594:Dofrafostri
1584:features a
1406:Egil's Saga
1404:Not unlike
1313:Egil's Saga
1300:Egil's Saga
1292:Egil's Saga
1264:Torf-Einarr
1076:people-king
1071:þjóðkonungr
959:as jarl of
791:Landnámabók
786:Skarðsárbók
779:Skarðsárbók
588:origin myth
410:Historicity
117:putatively
97:putatively
4028:Categories
3971:Haakon VII
3965:Since 1905
3933:Charles IV
3918:Charles II
3452:, disputed
3448:rulers in
3280:0718511972
3107:8203220150
2224:References
1956:ritual by
1907:Vingulmark
1905:, king of
1821:, king of
1732:Hákonarmál
1675:Norðreyjar
1624:Later life
1481:Fagrskinna
1468:Fagrskinna
1354:Hålogaland
1222:mead halls
1118:, jarl of
1035:Rondvatnet
931:Fagrskinna
924:Fagrskinna
906:Rondvatnet
859:Snjófríthr
831:Hafrifjord
620:Claus Krag
616:Vestlandet
524:Hafrsfjord
370:Old Norse
311: 932
304: 850
3912:1814–1905
3879:Only 1814
3796:1524–1814
3753:Charles I
3731:1387–1523
3375:New title
3363: 933
3353: 850
3256:Harald I.
2568:, ed. by
2331:Citations
2255:Norwegian
2242:Old Norse
2121:Rebellion
2086:Elsewhere
2079:Avaldsnes
2046:Avaldsnes
2029:Haugesund
2015:In Norway
1829:Trondheim
1703:Haugesund
1699:Haugesund
1679:Suðreyjar
1601:-fostered
1558:over the
1338:Trøndelag
1322:Trondheim
1195:Snæfrithr
1163:Alrekstad
1159:Avaldsnes
1157:seats at
1155:Kongsgård
1147:Stavanger
1103:Trondheim
1080:Shockhead
1005:Haugesund
986:shockhead
977:Trondheim
953:Hrafnsmál
875:Gunnhildr
863:Norwegian
827:Hafrsvágr
735:Sendibitr
729:Sendibitr
721:Glymdrápa
714:Glymdrápa
671:Hrafnsmál
664:Hrafnsmál
641:Hrafnsmál
532:Glymdrápa
503:Glymdrápa
497:Hrafnsmál
453:Æthelstan
293:Old Norse
143:Haugesund
121: 932
104:Leikanger
101: 850
80:Successor
3981:Harald V
3938:Oscar II
3742:Eric III
3737:Margaret
3462:872–1387
3385:872–930
2463:hár-fagr
2446:hár-fagr
2290:Hárfagra
2286:Hárfagra
2212:See also
2050:Westland
2041:Snorri's
1893:Vestfold
1875:Thorgest
1779:Ragnvald
1737:Valhalla
1560:Hebrides
1506:through
1374:the Good
1366:Sunnmøre
1342:Namdalen
1229:Åke jarl
1149:against
1091:Värmland
1039:Vestfold
1001:Rogaland
994:Fairhair
967:(called
917:the good
843:Scylding
772:hárfagri
751:hárfagra
747:fairhair
699:fairhair
695:hárfagri
465:fairhair
404:hárfagri
392:hárfagri
365:hárfagri
277:Religion
251:Fairhair
124:Rogaland
3928:Oscar I
3550:Ælfgifu
3450:italics
3252:Harald
3245::
3228:Sources
3070:6 April
3000:8 March
2177:Ubisoft
2097:Vikings
2048:in the
1897:Olaf II
1823:Rånrike
1782:Bjørn (
1752:Denmark
1748:Jutland
1588:called
1470:. Both
1382:Sigröðr
1378:Sigurðr
1370:thralls
1326:thronds
1318:Uplands
1241:Swedish
1226:Swedish
1188:Vikings
1167:Iceland
1047:Yngling
1017:In the
902:Yngling
847:Yngling
839:Oddmjór
691:Yngling
433:Ohthere
319:Iceland
246:Dynasty
3996:Regent
3976:Olav V
3541:&
3535:&
3517:&
3511:&
3493:&
3433:Norway
3391:Eric I
3356:
3322:
3277:
3239:
3153:
3128:25 May
3104:
2861:Viator
2725:Viator
2389:
2364:
2354:
1915:Olaf I
1774:Norway
1766:Moster
1665:
1655:
1649:
1639:
1508:Aslaug
1260:Orkney
1235:-king
1207:friðla
1199:jötnar
1097:-king
961:Fjaler
853:&
520:Danish
500:) and
461:Harald
388:unfair
315:Norway
267:Mother
257:Father
150:Spouse
134:Burial
128:Norway
4011:Also
4005:Also
3999:Also
3358:Died:
3348:Born:
2362:JSTOR
2229:Notes
1764:from
1717:Issue
1599:Dovre
1586:Þáttr
1145:near
975:) in
867:Svåse
637:Viken
396:blond
380:fagri
346:sagas
231:Names
167:Issue
72:Reign
3764:John
3532:Cnut
3320:ISBN
3275:ISBN
3254:s.v.
3151:ISBN
3130:2016
3102:ISBN
3072:2010
3002:2017
2951:143.
2920:2021
2894:2021
2797:2012
2429:fagr
2387:ISBN
2352:ISBN
2323:time
2151:and
2115:him.
1964:and
1760:(by
1677:and
1669:Møre
1541:The
1504:Odin
1474:and
1346:jarl
1311:and
1282:hird
1245:Ubbe
1233:saga
1203:sami
1161:and
1126:and
1120:Møre
1095:saga
1058:Gyda
1052:The
982:Lufa
973:Lade
944:Sogn
896:and
871:sami
808:Sogn
784:The
703:Lufa
629:Sogn
622:and
576:Life
400:lúfa
384:fair
376:fagr
333:and
317:and
173:more
114:Died
108:Sogn
94:Born
3258:".
2865:doi
2859:',
2840:doi
2729:doi
2723:',
2703:',
2536:doi
2530:',
2511:doi
1850::
1596:" (
1524:In
1462:in
1394:).
1360:of
1074:" (
1066:vow
1033:in
1023:in
984:",
749:" (
578:of
475:'s
372:hár
299:) (
141:in
106:in
4030::
3361:c.
3351:c.
2988:,
2956:^
2911:.
2885:.
2786:.
2740:^
2712:^
2690:^
2648:^
2626:,
2616:^
2485:^
2360:.
2265::
2257::
2244::
1807::
1786:?)
1772:,
1768:,
1750:,
1634:c.
1615:,
1243::
1181:,
1177:,
1173:,
1138:.
1007:.
996:.
865::
774:.
488:,
323:c.
308:c.
306:–
301:c.
295::
126:,
119:c.
99:c.
3674:)
3670:(
3657:)
3653:(
3630:)
3626:(
3553:)
3547:(
3422:e
3415:t
3408:v
3328:.
3283:.
3159:.
3132:.
3110:.
3074:.
2974:.
2922:.
2896:.
2871:.
2867::
2846:.
2842::
2799:.
2735:.
2731::
2542:.
2538::
2517:.
2513::
2466:.
2448:.
2431:.
2414:.
2395:.
2368:.
2196:'
2179:.
2128:.
2112:,
2104:.
2010:.
1985:)
1917:.
1899:.
1776:)
1754:)
1681:.
1671:.
1661:.
1645:.
1430:(
1388:(
980:"
697:(
647:(
564:(
291:(
59:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.