464:
57:
554:
44:
200:
430:, did not thrive in New Zealand's "Scientific Plant Breeding" climate. Many of the traditional uses have largely fallen into disuse, though there is an upswing in the use of traditional materials in modern Māori art and craft. The two most common forms for flax in traditional craft are the use of stripped, dried leaves as broad bands, such as in the weaving of
528:
have been widely cultivated as ornamental garden plants, their striking fans of pointed leaves providing a focal point in mixed plantings or at the edge of a lawn. They are easy to grow in a sunny spot, especially in coastal areas with some protection in winter, but require reliably moist soil. They
391:
In pre-European society, Māori had specific plantations of flax, which was their most important textile. It was prepared by cutting the green leaves close to the base before the leaves were split and woven. Various preparations of the leaves allowed the material to be used both as a hardy flat
375:
New
Zealand flax was one of the most commonly used fibres for weaving prior to European contact in New Zealand, due to its wide availability and long strands. Harakeke can be woven raw to create open-weave items (where the
261:
plant and a popular ornamental plant. The plant grows as a clump of long, straplike leaves, up to two metres long, from which arises a much taller flowering shoot, with dramatic yellow or red flowers.
510:
from the late 1800s to around 1966 for the production of string and rope and for export. Today the plants remain but the industry has stopped; they are considered an ecological problem.
388:
remains, for close-weave objects. The broad length of harakeke leaves allow weavers to create a variety of strip lengths, making the plant suitable for a range of objects and sizes.
273:
and also in rope and sail making after the arrival of
Europeans until at least WWII. It is an invasive species in some of the Pacific Islands and in Australia.
1928:
1640:
1718:
899:"Māori archaeological textiles: a structural analysis of Māori raranga 'woven' basketry from the Waitakere Ranges in Auckland Museum"
1893:
872:
1113:
1803:
475:
of the 1930s, which decimated flax as an industry, there were two serious attempts by
Europeans to breed for fibre. The first was by
1565:
1666:
1591:
680:
671:
1903:
1741:
1908:
1684:
1037:
973:
750:
715:
1782:
1671:
463:
1363:, second edition, New Zealand. Geological Survey Dept, New Zealand, published by G. Didsbury, Government Printer, 95 pages
798:
Kupchan, S.Morris; Meshulam, Haim; Sneden, Albert T. (1978). "New cucurbitacins from
Phormium tenax and Marah oreganus".
399:
Harakeke can be boiled with hot stones to bleach strips, however dying the fibre is difficult due to the water resistant
1539:
1173:
898:
1933:
1193:
1578:
1723:
411:
technique, where a knife or shell is run across the fibre to remove moisture without breaking the surface layers.
1627:
1373:
710:. Kolokesa Uafā Māhina-Tuai, Damian Skinner, Rigel Sorzano. Wellington, New Zealand: Te Papa Press. p. 111.
968:. Kolokesa Uafā Māhina-Tuai, Damian Skinner, Rigel Sorzano. Wellington, New Zealand: Te Papa Press. p. 55.
762:
1746:
903:
1821:
1230:
545:
and some cultivars can grow to a substantial size - 4 m (13 ft) tall by 2 m (7 ft) broad.
1705:
676:
1281:
448:(weaving) of soft, durable fabric for clothing. Flax is also used as a decorative and structural element in
270:
1479:
575:'Dazzler' - arching leaves that are bronze-maroon with red and pink stripes, plant reaches 3 feet in height
422:
had many uses in traditional Māori society. It was the main material used for weaving, adopted after aute (
1913:
1829:
1653:
1469:
1464:
1441:
615:
297:
1816:
1596:
1306:
662:
999:"Identification and use of plant material for the manufacture of New Zealand indigenous woven objects"
1923:
1918:
1733:
1679:
1456:
1256:
1138:"The Flax Industry | Saint Helena Island Info: All about St Helena, in the South Atlantic Ocean"
1058:
56:
1422:
1331:
1152:"Endemic Species | Saint Helena Island Info: All about St Helena, in the South Atlantic Ocean"
17:
1697:
354:
is a coastal cover plant associated with significant habitat such as the breeding habitat for the
280:, which are poisonous to some animals, and some of them are among the bitterest tastes to humans.
1808:
1505:
186:
1205:
1073:
1053:
965:
Crafting
Aotearoa : a cultural history of making in New Zealand and the wider Moana Oceania
707:
Crafting
Aotearoa : a cultural history of making in New Zealand and the wider Moana Oceania
1645:
1384:
1093:
312:
305:
860:
1898:
1857:
619:
170:
1772:
1188:
Frances
Tenenbaum. 2003. "Taylor's Encyclopedia of Garden Plants", Houghton Mifflin Company
396:
and mats) and also as a fibrous twine, used for creating both rope and finely woven cloaks.
1619:
1513:
807:
436:(flax baskets), and the scraping, pounding, and washing of the leaves to create a fibre —
8:
639:
529:
are frequently found in garden centres amongst plants with a similar appearance, notably
370:
358:
220:
1557:
811:
407:, or an iron-rich mud. Harakeke can be made more flexible with less shrinkage using the
1865:
1795:
936:
928:
488:
381:
321:
137:
51:
819:
776:
499:
has investigated the use of novel composite materials made from flax fibre to improve
1767:
1487:
1189:
1169:
1033:
1010:
979:
969:
940:
920:
746:
721:
711:
594:- 6-foot-tall (1.8 m) plant, leaves are striped with bronze, green and rose-pink
524:
496:
484:
330:
319:
plants with similar characteristics of sheathing leaves also used for weaving (like
230:
1870:
1583:
1492:
944:
912:
815:
480:
472:
1433:
1834:
1754:
1446:
346:
94:
1710:
266:
1790:
572:'Bronze Baby' - arching bronze leaves, 2-to-3-foot (0.61 to 0.91 m) plant.
500:
423:
342:
333:), as New Zealand was one of the only places where pandanus was not available.
254:
81:
983:
725:
1887:
1544:
1407:
1151:
1098:
1078:
1014:
924:
432:
393:
190:
127:
107:
948:
1847:
1658:
963:
916:
705:
507:
492:
277:
1759:
1692:
1604:
1416:
1137:
833:
553:
250:
238:
117:
932:
541:. However, these are very different plants with different requirements.
43:
1570:
476:
355:
199:
1609:
1552:
1526:
565:
537:
427:
246:
1378:
998:
444:
1842:
1401:
1114:"Massey researchers awarded more than $ 13 million in MBIE funding"
632:
456:
450:
316:
203:
147:
1632:
1531:
1500:
1518:
1374:
Harakeke image gallery from
Landcare Research - Manaaki Whenua
531:
350:
lives predominantly in the rolled-up leaves of this species.
258:
68:
568:
have been selected as decorative garden plants, including:
438:
385:
1168:. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136.
779:. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER). 9 January 2011
467:
A worker feeding a flax leaf into a stripper, circa 1910.
384:
of the plant is kept intact), or processed so only the
797:
1337:. Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 78
265:
The fibre has been widely used since the arrival of
1062:. Vol. 1, no. 191. 7 May 1908. p. 7.
997:McCallum, Rua Elizabeth; Carr, Debra Julie (2012).
892:
890:
888:
886:
884:
882:
699:
697:
491:in the late 1920s. More recently research led by
426:), the traditional tree used to create fabric in
245:in historical nautical contexts) is an evergreen
1885:
1102:. Vol. 110, no. 71. 20 September 1930.
1082:. Vol. 108, no. 150. 21 December 1929.
879:
694:
896:
996:
737:
735:
224:
858:
42:
1929:Plants used in traditional Māori medicine
732:
364:
1074:"Progress Made - Various Investigations"
1027:
826:
552:
462:
198:
1003:Ethnobotany Research & Applications
961:
703:
681:United States Department of Agriculture
672:Germplasm Resources Information Network
14:
1886:
741:Roger Holmes and Lance Walheim. 2005.
657:
655:
403:. However, harakeke can by dyed using
1383:
1382:
1166:RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants
1158:
834:"Proto-Polynesian Etymologies: *Fara"
1734:d3758b4a-9638-4e48-9b76-a12b13f5779e
777:"Phormium tenax (PIER species info)"
763:"Our Flax for the Navy | NZETC"
875:from the original on 2 August 2015.
859:C. Michael, Hogan (April 6, 2009).
652:
506:New Zealand Flax was cultivated on
24:
1894:Crops originating from New Zealand
1353:
25:
1945:
1367:
1361:Phormium tenax as a fibrous plant
1822:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:539926-1
865:(Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841)"
838:Te Mära Reo: The Language Garden
276:The blades of the plant contain
55:
1324:
1299:
1274:
1249:
1223:
1198:
1182:
1144:
1130:
1106:
1086:
1066:
1046:
1021:
990:
955:
454:, panelling found within Mãori
904:Records of the Auckland Museum
852:
791:
769:
755:
414:
269:to New Zealand, originally in
13:
1:
1904:Flora of the Auckland Islands
820:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)94223-7
677:Agricultural Research Service
645:
513:
1909:Garden plants of New Zealand
548:
392:thick-woven material (as in
283:
7:
1054:"Scientific Plant Bredding"
745:, Creative Homeowner Press
743:California Home Landscaping
625:
616:Royal Horticultural Society
10:
1950:
861:"Yellow-eyed Penguin (EN)-
483:about 1908. The second by
368:
336:
271:Māori traditional textiles
27:Species of flowering plant
1391:
1332:"AGM Plants - Ornamental"
1028:Tamarapa, Awhina (2011).
176:
169:
52:Scientific classification
50:
41:
34:
1934:Austronesian agriculture
897:Mckendry, Lisa (2020).
636:, covering both species
1307:"RHS Plant Selector -
1282:"RHS Plant Selector -
1257:"RHS Plant Selector -
1206:"RHS Plant Selector -
962:Chitham, Karl (2019).
917:10.32912/RAM.2020.55.2
704:Chitham, Karl (2019).
564:More recently several
561:
468:
365:Māori traditional uses
225:
207:
840:. Benton Family Trust
620:Award of Garden Merit
556:
466:
369:Further information:
257:that is an important
202:
1359:James Hector. 1889.
1094:"Valuable Work Done"
863:Megadyptes antipodes
296:is a remnant of the
812:1978PChem..17..767K
640:Flax in New Zealand
442:— which is used in
371:Flax in New Zealand
359:yellow-eyed penguin
221:New Zealand English
206:on New Zealand flax
1914:Hemerocallidoideae
562:
489:John Stuart Yeates
469:
460:(meeting houses).
380:or the waterproof
322:Pandanus tectorius
292:in the Māori name
208:
138:Hemerocallidoideae
1881:
1880:
1768:Open Tree of Life
1385:Taxon identifiers
1039:978-1-877385-56-8
1032:. Te Papa Press.
975:978-0-9941362-7-5
751:978-1-58011-254-3
717:978-0-9941362-7-5
518:In recent times,
497:Massey University
313:related languages
197:
196:
16:(Redirected from
1941:
1924:Perennial plants
1919:Medicinal plants
1874:
1873:
1861:
1860:
1851:
1850:
1838:
1837:
1825:
1824:
1812:
1811:
1799:
1798:
1786:
1785:
1776:
1775:
1763:
1762:
1750:
1749:
1737:
1736:
1727:
1726:
1714:
1713:
1711:NHMSYS0000461208
1701:
1700:
1688:
1687:
1675:
1674:
1662:
1661:
1649:
1648:
1636:
1635:
1623:
1622:
1613:
1612:
1600:
1599:
1587:
1586:
1574:
1573:
1561:
1560:
1548:
1547:
1535:
1534:
1522:
1521:
1509:
1508:
1496:
1495:
1483:
1482:
1473:
1472:
1460:
1459:
1450:
1449:
1437:
1436:
1427:
1426:
1425:
1412:
1411:
1410:
1380:
1379:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1336:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1235:Purpureum Group"
1227:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1202:
1196:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1134:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1124:
1118:www.massey.ac.nz
1110:
1104:
1103:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1025:
1019:
1018:
994:
988:
987:
959:
953:
952:
894:
877:
876:
856:
850:
849:
847:
845:
830:
824:
823:
795:
789:
788:
786:
784:
773:
767:
766:
759:
753:
739:
730:
729:
701:
692:
691:
689:
687:
659:
614:have gained the
613:
606:
600:
593:
587:
584:Purpureum Group
581:
481:Leonard Cockayne
473:Great Depression
325:, also known as
249:plant native to
243:New Zealand hemp
235:New Zealand flax
228:
182:
60:
59:
46:
32:
31:
21:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1869:
1864:
1856:
1854:
1846:
1841:
1833:
1828:
1820:
1815:
1807:
1802:
1794:
1789:
1781:
1779:
1771:
1766:
1758:
1755:Observation.org
1753:
1745:
1740:
1732:
1730:
1722:
1717:
1709:
1704:
1696:
1691:
1683:
1678:
1670:
1665:
1657:
1652:
1644:
1639:
1631:
1626:
1618:
1616:
1608:
1603:
1595:
1590:
1582:
1577:
1569:
1564:
1556:
1551:
1543:
1538:
1530:
1525:
1517:
1512:
1504:
1499:
1491:
1486:
1478:
1476:
1468:
1463:
1455:
1453:
1445:
1440:
1432:
1430:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1406:
1405:
1400:
1387:
1370:
1356:
1354:Further reading
1351:
1350:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1315:
1313:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1290:
1288:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1265:
1263:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1240:
1238:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1214:
1212:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1187:
1183:
1176:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1122:
1120:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1040:
1026:
1022:
995:
991:
976:
960:
956:
895:
880:
857:
853:
843:
841:
832:
831:
827:
796:
792:
782:
780:
775:
774:
770:
761:
760:
756:
740:
733:
718:
702:
695:
685:
683:
661:
660:
653:
648:
628:
611:
604:
598:
591:
585:
579:
551:
522:and its cousin
516:
417:
373:
367:
347:Trite planiceps
339:
311:) surviving in
286:
193:
184:
178:
165:
54:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1947:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1875:
1871:wfo-0000717490
1862:
1852:
1839:
1826:
1813:
1800:
1787:
1777:
1764:
1751:
1738:
1728:
1715:
1702:
1689:
1676:
1663:
1650:
1637:
1624:
1614:
1601:
1588:
1575:
1562:
1549:
1536:
1523:
1510:
1497:
1484:
1474:
1461:
1451:
1438:
1428:
1423:Phormium tenax
1413:
1397:
1395:
1393:Phormium tenax
1389:
1388:
1377:
1376:
1369:
1368:External links
1366:
1365:
1364:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1323:
1311:'Yellow Wave'"
1298:
1284:Phormium tenax
1273:
1248:
1233:Phormium tenax
1222:
1197:
1181:
1175:978-1405332965
1174:
1157:
1143:
1129:
1105:
1085:
1065:
1045:
1038:
1020:
989:
974:
954:
878:
851:
825:
806:(4): 767–769.
800:Phytochemistry
790:
768:
754:
731:
716:
693:
665:Phormium tenax
650:
649:
647:
644:
643:
642:
637:
627:
624:
608:
607:
601:
595:
588:
582:
576:
573:
560:'Amazing Red'
550:
547:
515:
512:
501:supercapacitor
424:paper mulberry
420:Phormium tenax
416:
413:
366:
363:
352:Phormium tenax
343:jumping spider
338:
335:
285:
282:
255:Norfolk Island
212:Phormium tenax
195:
194:
185:
180:Phormium tenax
174:
173:
167:
166:
159:
157:
153:
152:
145:
141:
140:
135:
131:
130:
125:
121:
120:
115:
111:
110:
105:
98:
97:
92:
85:
84:
79:
72:
71:
66:
62:
61:
48:
47:
39:
38:
36:Phormium tenax
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1946:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1872:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1853:
1849:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1778:
1774:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1729:
1725:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1615:
1611:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1475:
1471:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1452:
1448:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1429:
1424:
1418:
1414:
1409:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1381:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1362:
1358:
1357:
1333:
1327:
1312:
1310:
1302:
1287:
1286:'Variegatum'"
1285:
1277:
1262:
1260:
1252:
1236:
1234:
1226:
1211:
1209:
1201:
1195:
1194:0-618-22644-3
1191:
1185:
1177:
1171:
1167:
1161:
1153:
1147:
1139:
1133:
1119:
1115:
1109:
1101:
1100:
1095:
1089:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1069:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1049:
1041:
1035:
1031:
1024:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
993:
985:
981:
977:
971:
967:
966:
958:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
905:
900:
893:
891:
889:
887:
885:
883:
874:
870:
866:
864:
855:
839:
835:
829:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
794:
778:
772:
764:
758:
752:
748:
744:
738:
736:
727:
723:
719:
713:
709:
708:
700:
698:
682:
678:
674:
673:
668:
666:
658:
656:
651:
641:
638:
635:
634:
630:
629:
623:
621:
617:
610:Those marked
603:'Yellow Wave'
602:
596:
589:
583:
577:
574:
571:
570:
569:
567:
559:
555:
546:
544:
540:
539:
534:
533:
527:
526:
521:
511:
509:
504:
503:performance.
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
471:Prior to the
465:
461:
459:
458:
453:
452:
447:
446:
441:
440:
435:
434:
429:
425:
421:
412:
410:
406:
402:
397:
395:
389:
387:
383:
379:
372:
362:
360:
357:
353:
349:
348:
344:
334:
332:
328:
324:
323:
318:
315:referring to
314:
310:
307:
306:Proto-Oceanic
303:
299:
295:
291:
281:
279:
278:cucurbitacins
274:
272:
268:
263:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
227:
222:
218:
214:
213:
205:
201:
192:
188:
183:
181:
175:
172:
171:Binomial name
168:
164:
163:
162:P. tenax
158:
155:
154:
151:
150:
146:
143:
142:
139:
136:
133:
132:
129:
128:Asphodelaceae
126:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
100:
99:
96:
93:
90:
87:
86:
83:
82:Tracheophytes
80:
77:
74:
73:
70:
67:
64:
63:
58:
53:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
1899:Fiber plants
1392:
1360:
1339:. Retrieved
1326:
1314:. Retrieved
1308:
1301:
1289:. Retrieved
1283:
1276:
1264:. Retrieved
1261:'Sundowner'"
1258:
1251:
1239:. Retrieved
1232:
1225:
1213:. Retrieved
1207:
1200:
1184:
1165:
1160:
1146:
1132:
1121:. Retrieved
1117:
1108:
1099:Evening Post
1097:
1088:
1079:Evening Post
1077:
1068:
1057:
1048:
1030:Māori Cloaks
1029:
1023:
1006:
1002:
992:
964:
957:
908:
902:
868:
862:
854:
842:. Retrieved
837:
828:
803:
799:
793:
781:. Retrieved
771:
757:
742:
706:
684:. Retrieved
670:
664:
631:
609:
597:'Variegatum'
563:
557:
542:
536:
530:
523:
519:
517:
508:Saint Helena
505:
493:Xiaowen Yuan
470:
455:
449:
443:
437:
431:
419:
418:
408:
404:
400:
398:
390:
377:
374:
351:
345:
340:
326:
320:
308:
301:
298:Austronesian
293:
289:
287:
275:
264:
242:
234:
216:
211:
210:
209:
179:
177:
161:
160:
148:
101:
88:
75:
35:
29:
1693:NatureServe
1605:iNaturalist
1417:Wikispecies
1009:: 185–198.
686:18 December
590:'Sundowner'
525:P. colensoi
415:Cultivation
251:New Zealand
239:New Zealand
134:Subfamily:
118:Asparagales
95:Angiosperms
1888:Categories
1796:kew-284248
1791:Plant List
1477:Calflora:
1316:6 February
1291:6 February
1266:6 February
1241:18 January
1215:6 February
1123:2024-02-10
984:1118996645
949:Q106827316
844:15 January
726:1118996645
646:References
514:Ornamental
477:Wellington
356:endangered
187:J.R.Forst.
1553:FloraBase
1015:1547-3465
941:229659991
925:1174-9202
911:: 19–28.
783:20 August
566:cultivars
549:Cultivars
538:Cordyline
428:Polynesia
382:epidermis
284:Etymology
247:perennial
156:Species:
65:Kingdom:
1848:18404219
1843:Tropicos
1698:2.155060
1646:10739228
1633:539927-1
1402:Wikidata
1341:25 April
1309:Phormium
1259:Phormium
1208:Phormium
1059:Dominion
945:Wikidata
933:27008990
873:Archived
869:IgoTerra
633:Phormium
626:See also
558:Phormium
543:P. tenax
520:P. tenax
457:wharenui
451:tukutuku
331:Hawaiian
317:pandanus
302:*paŋudaN
294:harakeke
237:outside
226:harakeke
215:(called
191:G.Forst.
149:Phormium
124:Family:
108:Monocots
18:Harakeke
1858:5416810
1680:MoBotPF
1571:2778511
1519:1015114
1501:Ecocrop
1408:Q607380
1210:'Duet'"
808:Bibcode
487:-based
479:-based
337:Ecology
309:*padran
144:Genus:
114:Order:
69:Plantae
1855:uBio:
1804:PLANTS
1773:550811
1760:147284
1731:NZOR:
1685:282257
1672:504346
1545:188921
1470:351320
1457:33-2-1
1454:APSA:
1434:169898
1431:APDB:
1192:
1172:
1036:
1013:
982:
972:
947:
939:
931:
923:
749:
724:
714:
578:'Duet'
485:Massey
445:tāniko
409:hapine
241:; and
189:&
1835:12791
1809:PHTE8
1780:PFI:
1742:NZPCN
1724:51475
1659:40302
1641:IRMNG
1617:IPA:
1610:51754
1597:28069
1558:43506
1540:EUNIS
1532:PHMTE
1493:4GRNB
1480:13666
1447:84507
1335:(PDF)
1237:. RHS
937:S2CID
929:JSTOR
532:Yucca
304:(via
300:root
267:Māori
259:fibre
231:Māori
102:Clade
89:Clade
76:Clade
1817:POWO
1783:9454
1747:2219
1719:NCBI
1667:ITIS
1628:IPNI
1620:6181
1592:GRIN
1584:1424
1579:GISD
1566:GBIF
1527:EPPO
1506:8530
1465:BOLD
1442:APNI
1343:2018
1318:2021
1293:2021
1268:2021
1243:2021
1217:2021
1190:ISBN
1170:ISBN
1034:ISBN
1011:ISSN
980:OCLC
970:ISBN
921:ISSN
846:2019
785:2012
747:ISBN
722:OCLC
712:ISBN
688:2017
535:and
439:muka
433:kete
405:paru
401:para
394:kete
386:muka
378:para
341:The
327:hala
290:hara
288:The
253:and
217:flax
1866:WFO
1830:RHS
1706:NBN
1654:ISC
1514:EoL
1488:CoL
913:doi
816:doi
618:'s
612:agm
605:agm
599:agm
592:agm
586:agm
580:agm
495:at
329:in
229:in
219:in
204:Tūī
1890::
1868::
1845::
1832::
1819::
1806::
1793::
1770::
1757::
1744::
1721::
1708::
1695::
1682::
1669::
1656::
1643::
1630::
1607::
1594::
1581::
1568::
1555::
1542::
1529::
1516::
1503::
1490::
1467::
1444::
1419::
1404::
1116:.
1096:.
1076:.
1056:.
1007:10
1005:.
1001:.
978:.
943:.
935:.
927:.
919:.
909:55
907:.
901:.
881:^
871:.
867:.
836:.
814:.
804:17
802:.
734:^
720:.
696:^
679:,
675:.
669:.
654:^
622:.
361:.
233:;
223:;
104::
91::
78::
1345:.
1320:.
1295:.
1270:.
1245:.
1231:"
1219:.
1178:.
1154:.
1140:.
1126:.
1042:.
1017:.
986:.
951:.
915::
848:.
822:.
818::
810::
787:.
765:.
728:.
690:.
667:"
663:"
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
