213:
776:
1936:
883:, founded the High Wage Movement (HWM). Building from the networks Manlapit established through the Filipino Labor Union (FLU), Manlapit and Wright drafted a petition of demands that garnered over 6,000 signatures. Primarily, the HWM demanded an increase of the minimum wage to two dollars alongside the reduction of the workday to eight hours. When their petition was ignored by the
1004:, and the results were to be presented at the Filipino American National Historical Society biennial conference in Waikiki in July 2020. The researchers also said that they would continue research to identify the 16 strikers by combing through court records and Hawaii Sugar Planters' Association records.
936:
After the massacre police rounded up all male protesters they could find, and a total of 101 Filipino men were arrested. 76 were brought to trial, and of these 60 received four-year jail sentences. However, these numbers are disputed among historians, and another source claims 130 strikers and their
926:
Honolulu. - Twenty persons dead, unnumbered injured lying in hospital, officers under orders to shoot strikers as they approached, distracted widows with children tracking from jails to hospitals and morgues in search of missing strikers - this was the aftermath of a clash between cane strikers and
179:
at the
Hanapepe strike camp. When the local police were called to settle the dispute, they arrived with a group of heavily armed special deputies. Upon arrival, the officers issued warrants of arrest for the two detained Illocanos, causing the collection of Filipino strikers to rally in opposition.
862:
These laws, with penalties of up to 10 years in prison, increased the discontent of the workers. The
Filipinos, who were rapidly becoming the dominant plantation labor force, had deep-seated grievances: as the latest immigrants they were treated most poorly. Although the planters had claimed there
1753:
974:
in HawaiŹ»i dwindledand discontent among the workers rarely surfaced again. Pablo
Manlapit, who had been imprisoned and exiled, returned to the islands in 1932 and started a new labor organization, this time hoping to include other ethnic groups. But the time was not ripe in the
951:
claimed that he had been railroaded into prison, a victim of framed-up evidence, perjured testimony, racial prejudice and class hatred. Shortly thereafter, he was paroled on condition that he leave HawaiŹ»i. After eight months the strike disintegrated.
180:
Despite previously ridiculing the two
Ilocanos, the remaining Filipinos armed themselves and demanded the boys be released. A violent exchange ensued wherein sixteen Filipino laborers and four police officers were left dead.
987:
The burial site of the killed strikers was believed to have been found 95 years after the strike. Until then, the location of the graves was unknown, and a commemorative marker was placed in the
Hanapepe Town Park in 2006.
850:
Organized labor in the 1920s' U.S. mainland supported the
Congress in this action, so that for a while it looked as though militant unionism on the sugarcane plantations was dead. To oppose organized labor, the
914:
and prevented them from going to work. The police, armed with clubs and guns, came to union headquarters to rescue them. Between 100 and 200 Filipino strikers were armed with pistols, knives, and clubs.
890:
As they had previously, the plantation owners used armed forces, the
National Guard, and strike breakers paid a higher wage than the strikers demanded. Again workers were turned out of their homes.
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Strike leaders were arrested in attempts to disrupt workers' solidarity, and people were bribed to testify against them. On
September 9, 1924, outraged strikers kidnapped two strike breakers at
2025:
1000:, assisted by a technician and an engineer, found a trench at the Hanapepe Filipino Cemetery which they believe may be the grave of twelve of the strikers. The finding was reported in
979:
years. There were small nuisance strikes in 1933 that made no headway and involved mostly
Filipinos. Protests since the massacre have discouraged carrying guns at demonstrations.
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paid dividends averaging 17 percent. From 1913 to 1923, the eleven leading sugar companies paid cash dividends of 172.45 percent, and most of them issued large stock dividends.
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1908:
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owners in HawaiŹ»i had become disillusioned with both
Japanese and Filipino workers. They spent the next few years trying to get the
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1918:
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2005:
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74:
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workers on the McBryde plantation, Tuesday at Hanapepe, island of Kauai. The dead included sixteen Filipinos and four policemen.
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1589:"The Filipino Century Beyond Hawaii," International Conference On The Hawaii Filipino Centennial, Honolulu, Hawaii.
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leaders were arrested and tried, of which 56 were found guilty and imprisoned, with many later deported.
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898:. Spying and infiltration of the strikers' ranks was acknowledged by Jack Butler, executive head of the
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resulted in a violent exchange between local police officers and Filipinos. The conflict began when two
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youth, allegedly breaking the Filipino-led labor strike, were detained and harassed by a group of
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Law of 1919, Anarchistic Publications law of 1921, and the Anti-Picketing Law of 1923.
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Chapin, Helen Geracimos (1996). "Suppressing the News and Contributing to a Masscre".
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flashed the story of what followed across the United States in the following words:
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Filipino History in Hawaii before 1946: The Sakada Years of Filipinos in Hawaii
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Center for Labor Education & Research | University of Hawaiāi - West Oāahu
1325:"Documentary, research team hope to solve mystery of 1924's Hanapepe Massacre"
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1954:
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305:
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Realizing the America of Our Hearts: Theological Voices of Asian Americans
887:(HSPA) in 1923, the HWM proceeded with an organized labor strike in 1924.
1655:
1173:"Blood in the Fields: The Hanapepe Massacre and the 1924 Filipino Strike"
864:
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was a labor shortage and they were actively recruiting workers from the
1553:
Rizaline R. Raymunod, ed. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2003;
1503:"Searchers find mass grave of 16 Filipinos killed in '24 Hawaii strike"
1157:
891:
1152:(Report). Vol. Chapter 5: The 1924 Strike. University of Hawaii.
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963:, reported that in 1924 the ten leading sugar companies listed on the
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Reworking Race: the Making of Hawaii's Interracial Labor Movement
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1935:
168:
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Agriculture and forestry labor disputes in the United States
1373:
159:) occurred on September 9, 1924, when an dispute amongst
1019:
Murder of workers in labor disputes in the United States
1909:
List of incidents of civil unrest in the United States
1024:
List of incidents of civil unrest in the United States
1924:
List of worker deaths in United States labor disputes
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On October 20, 2019, the Hawaii State Chapter of the
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and was sentenced to two to ten years in prison. The
1125:Shaping History: The Role of Newspapers in Hawai'i
843:so that they could bring in new Chinese workers.
1565:The Filipino Piecemeal Sugar Strike of 1924ā1925.
1374:Matsuoka, Fumitaka; Fernandez, Eleazar S (2003).
1952:
1127:. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 131ā138.
1091:The Filipino Piecemeal Sugar Strike of 1924ā1925
1054:. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 221ā222.
1094:. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 75ā76.
1641:
998:Filipino American National Historical Society
875:In the fall of 1922, Filipino labor activist
809:
16:Interethnic dispute in KauaŹ»i, HawaiŹ»i (1924)
1797:Westmoreland County coal strike of 1910ā1911
1567:Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1997;
1539:Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1985;
847:prevented the importation of Chinese labor.
2031:Labor-related violence in the United States
1429:. University of Hawaii Press. p. 233.
1648:
1634:
1297:"Pablo Manlapit and the Hanapepe Massacre"
816:
802:
1719:Coeur d'Alene, Idaho labor strike of 1892
1398:
1294:
1147:
870:
1919:Anti-union violence in the United States
1551:Tomorrow's Memories: A Diary, 1924ā1928.
1495:
1424:
1401:"A look back at 'The Hanapepe Massacre'"
1322:
1288:
1087:
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1427:Tomorrow's Memories: A Diary, 1924ā1928
1323:Bernardo, Rosemarie (October 7, 2019).
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991:
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1953:
1802:Paint CreekāCabin Creek strike of 1912
1770:Streetcar strikes in the United States
1730:Streetcar strikes in the United States
1587:Understanding the āHanapepe Massacre.'
1483:. Associated Press. September 10, 2006
1295:Soboleski, Hank (September 10, 2006).
1164:
1122:
1014:List of massacres in the United States
2041:Police brutality in the United States
1629:
1513:from the original on October 29, 2019
1198:
1477:"Plaque remembers Hanapepe Massacre"
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1229:
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1201:"Massacre strengthened labor unions"
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900:Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association
885:Hawaiian Sugar Planter's Association
75:Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association
1986:Filipino-American culture in Hawaii
1914:Union violence in the United States
1787:1907 San Francisco streetcar strike
1537:Working in Hawaii: A Labor History.
1399:Soboleski, Hank (October 1, 2019).
1392:
1316:
879:and George Wright, the head of the
13:
1822:Copper Country strike of 1913ā1914
1751:
1529:
1051:Working in Hawaii: a Labor History
959:, the official publication of the
14:
2057:
2011:Gun politics in the United States
1578:
1220:
1076:
1036:
1934:
1880:Gulf Coast longshoremen's strike
1792:Pressed Steel Car strike of 1909
1188:– via Positively Filipino.
941:was charged with subornation of
853:Hawaiian Territorial Legislature
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211:
1966:1924 labor disputes and strikes
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1451:"The Hanapepe Massacre Mystery"
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1418:
1367:
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1199:Chang, Lester (April 9, 2006).
608:State Constitutional Convention
69:Striking Filipino sugar workers
2006:Massacres in the United States
1782:1905 Chicago teamsters' strike
1708:Cotton pickers' strike of 1891
1262:
1192:
1171:Alegado, Dean (October 1997).
1141:
1116:
80:Kauai County Police Department
1:
1507:The Philippine Daily Inquirer
1425:Raymundo, Rizaline R (2003).
1378:. Chalice Press. p. 91.
1350:"History of Labor in Hawai'i"
1240:. Columbia University Press.
1029:
237:
183:
1874:West Coast waterfront strike
1658:American labor union history
1048:Beechert, Edward D. (1985).
961:American Federation of Labor
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881:American Federation of Labor
7:
1996:Deaths by firearm in Hawaii
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970:After the 1924 strike, the
894:was distributed to whip up
628:Occupation of Iolani Palace
316:French invasion of Honolulu
10:
2062:
1270:"Investigating a massacre"
1088:Reinecke, John E. (1997).
550:Honouliuli Internment Camp
366:Rebellions and revolutions
1991:Filipino-American history
1932:
1901:
1807:1913 Ipswich Mills strike
1762:
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1656:Major armed conflicts in
1160:– via ScholarSpace.
1148:Alcantara, Ruben (1988).
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2046:Labor disputes in Hawaii
1844:Battle of Blair Mountain
1833:1920 Alabama coal strike
1329:Honolulu Star-Advertiser
248:Battle of Kealakekua Bay
233:Discovery and settlement
1941:Portal:Organized Labour
1862:Columbine Mine massacre
1481:The Honolulu Advertiser
1234:Jung, Moon-Kie (2010).
965:New York Stock Exchange
638:Honolulu molasses spill
1812:Colorado Coalfield War
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929:
871:The High Wage Movement
598:Kalama Valley protests
530:Attack on Pearl Harbor
1976:September 1924 events
1886:Memorial Day massacre
1755:
1678:Rock Springs massacre
1672:Great Railroad Strike
924:
841:Chinese Exclusion Act
698:Red Hill water crisis
688:George Floyd protests
560:Democratic Revolution
286:Unification of Hawaii
163:strike organizers in
114:Casualties and losses
1612:21.9005Ā°N 159.5591Ā°W
1535:Beechert, Edward D.
1509:. October 28, 2019.
1457:. September 27, 2019
992:2019 grave discovery
906:Violence at HanapÄpÄ
857:Criminal Syndicalism
762:Timeline of Honolulu
752:Sovereignty movement
588:Hawaii Admission Act
480:Hawaiian Organic Act
356:Bayonet Constitution
2021:Territory of Hawaii
1776:Colorado Labor Wars
1608: /
1585:Aquino, Belinda A.
1276:. September 9, 2019
658:False missile alert
470:Territory of Hawaii
404:Leper War on KauaŹ»i
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1742:Illinois coal wars
1696:Thibodaux massacre
1617:21.9005; -159.5591
1563:Reinecke, John E.
1549:Monrayo, Angeles.
1178:Filipinas Magazine
828:By the 1920s, the
442:Counter-Revolution
432:Republic of Hawaii
346:Reciprocity Treaty
326:American Civil War
276:Kamehameha dynasty
157:Battle of HanapÄpÄ
1981:Massacres in 1924
1971:Conflicts in 1924
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1947:
1868:Harlan County War
1856:Hanapepe massacre
1838:Battle of Matewan
1736:Lattimer massacre
1702:Morewood massacre
1684:Bay View massacre
1545:978-0-8248-0890-7
1455:The Garden Island
1436:978-0-8248-2688-8
1405:The Garden Island
1385:978-0-8272-3251-8
1302:The Garden Island
1274:The Garden Island
1247:978-0-231-13535-1
1206:The Garden Island
1134:978-0-8248-1718-3
1101:978-0-8248-6253-4
1002:West Hawaii Today
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490:Oahu sugar strike
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153:HanapÄpÄ Massacre
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32:September 9, 1924
24:HanapÄpÄ Massacre
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2036:Crimes in Hawaii
2016:History of sugar
2001:History of Kauai
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1902:Related articles
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87:
84:
83:
73:
71:
68:
61:
60:
56:
55:
52:$ 2 daily wage
50:
46:
45:
40:
38:
34:
33:
30:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2058:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
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1962:
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1956:
1943:
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1937:
1931:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1893:
1892:Hilo massacre
1890:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1857:
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1659:
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1628:
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1621:
1590:
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1583:
1582:
1574:
1573:0-8248-1896-2
1570:
1566:
1562:
1560:
1559:0-8248-2671-X
1556:
1552:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1533:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1498:
1487:September 28,
1482:
1478:
1472:
1461:September 28,
1456:
1452:
1446:
1438:
1432:
1428:
1421:
1406:
1402:
1395:
1387:
1381:
1377:
1370:
1359:September 28,
1355:
1351:
1345:
1330:
1326:
1319:
1304:
1303:
1298:
1291:
1280:September 10,
1275:
1271:
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1249:
1243:
1239:
1238:
1230:
1228:
1226:
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1195:
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1126:
1119:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1061:0-8248-0890-8
1057:
1053:
1052:
1044:
1042:
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1035:
1025:
1022:
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1017:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1005:
1003:
999:
989:
980:
978:
973:
968:
966:
962:
958:
957:Federationist
953:
950:
949:
948:HawaiŹ»i Hochi
944:
940:
928:
923:
921:
916:
913:
903:
901:
897:
893:
888:
886:
882:
878:
868:
866:
860:
858:
854:
848:
846:
842:
839:to relax the
838:
837:U.S. Congress
834:
831:
819:
814:
812:
807:
805:
800:
799:
797:
796:
790:
785:
783:
777:
773:
772:
770:
769:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
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748:
747:NRHP listings
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
729:
727:
726:
722:
721:
711:
709:
706:
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649:
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641:
639:
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635:
631:
629:
626:
625:
621:
619:
618:Xerox murders
616:
615:
611:
609:
606:
605:
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595:
591:
589:
586:
585:
579:
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543:
541:
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531:
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478:
477:
471:
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455:
453:
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445:
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439:
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428:
427:
417:
415:
412:
411:
407:
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401:
395:
390:
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369:
367:
364:
363:
359:
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349:
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344:
343:
339:
337:
334:
333:
329:
327:
324:
323:
319:
317:
314:
313:
309:
307:
306:Paulet affair
304:
303:
299:
297:
294:
293:
289:
287:
284:
283:
279:
277:
274:
273:
267:
262:
261:
251:
249:
246:
245:
236:
234:
231:
230:
224:
223:Early history
219:
218:
214:
210:
209:
206:
201:
200:
196:
195:
190:
189:
181:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
139:
135:
131:
126:
122:
121:
117:
112:
107:
102:
101:
94:
89:
81:
76:
72:
67:
66:
62:
57:
51:
47:
43:
39:
35:
31:
27:
22:
19:
1939:
1855:
1763:20th century
1665:19th century
1593:
1586:
1564:
1550:
1536:
1515:. Retrieved
1506:
1497:
1485:. Retrieved
1480:
1471:
1459:. Retrieved
1454:
1445:
1426:
1420:
1408:. Retrieved
1404:
1394:
1375:
1369:
1357:. Retrieved
1353:
1344:
1332:. Retrieved
1328:
1318:
1308:February 25,
1306:. Retrieved
1300:
1290:
1278:. Retrieved
1273:
1264:
1236:
1212:February 26,
1210:. Retrieved
1204:
1194:
1184:February 24,
1182:. Retrieved
1176:
1166:
1143:
1124:
1118:
1090:
1050:
1001:
995:
986:
969:
956:
954:
946:
935:
925:
917:
909:
889:
874:
861:
849:
827:
742:LGBT history
737:Legal status
682:2020āpresent
648:TMT protests
520:World War II
510:Massie Trial
499:
192:
156:
152:
150:
137:
129:
124:
106:Jack Butler
105:
98:
91:Lead figures
18:
1870:, 1931ā1932
1818:, 1913ā1914
1778:, 1903ā1904
1772:, 1895ā1929
1744:, 1898ā1899
1732:, 1895ā1929
1615: /
1603:159Ā°33ā²33ā³W
1517:October 29,
1158:10125/17989
865:Philippines
855:passed the
472:(1898ā1959)
434:(1894ā1898)
396:(1893ā1894)
394:Provisional
268:(1795ā1893)
127:: 16 killed
1955:Categories
1600:21Ā°54ā²02ā³N
1410:October 7,
1334:October 7,
1110:1024022244
1030:References
977:Depression
892:Propaganda
833:plantation
452:Annexation
414:Black Week
225:(preā1795)
184:Background
54:8 hour day
1256:727940744
1070:906458431
932:Aftermath
830:sugarcane
554:1943ā1946
524:1939ā1945
418:1893ā1894
376:Overthrow
370:1887ā1895
340:1874ā1893
330:1861ā1865
280:1795ā1874
1511:Archived
1008:See also
912:HanapÄpÄ
845:Congress
732:Big Five
702:2021ānow
652:2014ānow
194:a series
191:Part of
177:Visayans
165:HanapÄpÄ
161:Filipino
37:Location
943:perjury
788:Commons
173:Ilocano
130:Arrests
59:Parties
1894:, 1938
1888:, 1937
1882:, 1935
1876:, 1934
1864:, 1927
1858:, 1924
1852:, 1922
1846:, 1921
1840:, 1920
1829:, 1916
1738:, 1897
1726:, 1894
1715:, 1892
1704:, 1891
1698:, 1887
1692:, 1886
1686:, 1886
1680:, 1885
1674:, 1877
1571:
1557:
1543:
1433:
1382:
1254:
1244:
1131:
1108:
1098:
1068:
1058:
983:Legacy
896:racism
781:Portal
723:Topics
197:on the
169:Kaua'i
138:Deaths
125:Deaths
132:: 161
49:Goals
1569:ISBN
1555:ISBN
1541:ISBN
1519:2019
1489:2019
1463:2019
1431:ISBN
1412:2019
1380:ISBN
1361:2019
1336:2019
1310:2018
1282:2019
1252:OCLC
1242:ISBN
1214:2018
1186:2018
1129:ISBN
1106:OCLC
1096:ISBN
1066:OCLC
1056:ISBN
955:The
918:The
712:2023
692:2020
672:2018
662:2018
642:2013
632:2008
622:1999
612:1978
602:1971
592:1959
564:1954
544:1941
534:1941
514:1932
504:1924
494:1920
484:1900
456:1898
446:1895
408:1893
380:1893
360:1887
350:1875
320:1849
310:1943
300:1839
290:1810
252:1779
151:The
29:Date
1154:hdl
140:: 4
1957::
1505:.
1479:.
1453:.
1403:.
1352:.
1327:.
1299:.
1272:.
1250:.
1222:^
1203:.
1175:.
1104:.
1078:^
1064:.
1038:^
902:.
238:c.
167:,
1649:e
1642:t
1635:v
1521:.
1491:.
1465:.
1439:.
1414:.
1388:.
1363:.
1338:.
1312:.
1284:.
1258:.
1216:.
1156::
1137:.
1112:.
1072:.
817:e
810:t
803:v
77:;
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
