107:
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1769:, quelled the revolt in Hama with very harsh means. Tanks and artillery shelled the neighbourhoods held by the insurgents indiscriminately, and government forces are alleged to have executed thousands of prisoners and civilian residents after subduing the revolt, which became known as the Hama massacre. The story is suppressed and regarded as highly sensitive in Syria. The Hama massacre led to the military term "Hama Rules" meaning the complete large-scale destruction of a military objective or target. The city was the site of conflict between the Syrian military and opposition forces as one of the main arenas of the
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89:
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96:
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325:
2539:), although some districts of the city are exclusively Christian. Hama is reputed to be the most conservative Sunni Muslim city in Syria since French Mandate times. During that period there was an old saying reflecting this characteristic: "In Damascus, it takes only three men to make a political demonstration, while in Hama it takes only three men to get the town to pray." The Christian population mostly adheres to the
6422:
1680:
1328:
904:. The attested win for the Assyrians seems to have actually been more of a draw, although Shalmaneser III continued on to the shore and even took a ship to open sea. In the following years, Shalmaneser III failed to conquer Hamath or Aram-Damascus. After the death of Shalmaneser III, the former allies Hamath and Aram-Damascus fell out, and Aram-Damascus seems to have taken over some of Hamath's territory.
2711:
2516:
1901– 60,000 (Parliamentary Papers) 1902–1907 80,000 (Trade
Reports) 1906– 40,000 (al-Sabuni) 1909– 60,000 (Trade Reports) In 1932, while Hama was under the French Mandate, there were approximately 50,000 residents. In the 1960 census, there were 110,000 inhabitants. The population continued to rise, reaching 180,000 in 1978 and 273,000 in 1994. The infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births in the
259:
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193:
78:
1667:, who governed Hama for a number of years until 1742. By then, there were 14 caravansaries in the city, mostly used for the storage and distribution of seeds, cotton, wool, and other commodities. After the passing of the Vilayet Law in 1864, Hama became the capital of the Sanjak of Hama (gaining the city more administrative powers), part of the larger
9005:
1711:. By then, Hama had developed into what it has remained: a medium-sized provincial town, important as the market for an agricultural area abundant in cereals, but also cotton and sugar beets. It gained notoriety as the center of large estates worked by peasants and dominated by a few magnate families. The
1722:
During the French
Mandate, the district of Hama contained within its bounds the municipality of Hama and 114 villages. By an estimate in 1930, only four of these villages were owned outright by local cultivators, while sharing ownership of two villages with a notable family. Thus, the hinterland was
1557:
Hama grew prosperous during the
Ayyubid period, as well as the Mamluk period. It gradually expanded to both banks of the Orontes River, with the suburb on the right bank being connected to the town proper by a newly built bridge. The town on the left bank was divided into upper and lower parts, each
2515:
According to Josiah C. Russel, during the 12th century, Hama had a population of 6,750. James Reilly accounts the historical population as: 1812– 30,000 (Burckhardt) 1830– 20,000 (Robinson) 1839– 30–44,000 (Bowring) 1850– 30,000 (Porter) 1862– 10–12,000 (Guys) 1880– 27,656 (Parliamentary Papers)
3209:
In the fifth century BCE, the
Persian army in southern Egypt employed Arameans from Syria, Arameans from Babylonia, and Jews. The latter identified themselves as Arameans too. Their language was Aramaic, and their literary and religious culture bore an Aramean slant. One of the two groups that
1578:
visited Hama in 1335 and remarked that the
Orontes River made the city "pleasant to live in, with its many gardens full of trees and fruits." He also speaks of a large suburb called al-Mansuriyyah (named after an Ayyubid emir) that contained "a fine market, a mosque, and bathes." In 1400,
1442:
in the 10th century and was consequently drawn into the orbit of that city where it remained until the 12th century. These were considered the "dark years" of Hama as the local rulers of northern and southern Syria struggled for dominance in the region. The
Byzantines under emperor
1658:
Then in the 18th century, it became a part of the holdings of the governor of
Damascus. The governors of Damascus at this time were the Azems, who also ruled other parts of Syria, for the Ottomans. They erected sumptuous residences in Hama, including the
2821:. Destroyed in the 1982 bombardment, it has been rebuilt in its original forms. It has elements dating from the ancient and Christian structures existing in the same location. It has two minarets, and is preceded by a portico with an elevated treasury.
1541:
who succeeded the
Ayyubids as rulers of the region. Hama briefly passed to Mamluk control in 1299 after the death of governor al-Mansur Mahmoud II. However, unlike other former Ayyubid cities, the Mamluks reinstated Ayyubid rule in Hama by making
1185:
rule. Since the country lay on the trade routes from Asia to Greece, Hama and many other Syrian cities again grew rich through trade. After the death of
Alexander the Great his Near East conquests were divided between his generals, and
728:
have been uncovered by Danish archaeologists on the mount on which the former citadel once stood. The excavation took place between 1931 and 1938 under the direction of Harald
Ingholt. The overlying level L dates to the Chalcolithic
1229:, ruled from Rome by a proconsul. Hama was an important city during the Greek and Roman periods, but very little archaeological evidence remains. As Syria became part of the Roman Empire, five hundred Hamian archers, known as "
3168:
The ivories were found there by Layard. One of the ivory panels found at "Fort Shalmaneser" is inscribed "Hamath." (R. D. Barnett, "Hamath and Nimrud: Shell Fragments from Hamath and the Provenance of the Nimrud Ivories."
711:
The stratigraphy is very generalized, which makes detailed comparison to other sites difficult. Level M (6 m or 20 ft thick) contained both white ware (lime-plaster) and true pottery. It may be contemporary with
4000:
The new Schaff-Herzog encyclopedia of religious knowledge: embracing Biblical, historical, doctrinal, and practical theology and Biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical biography from the earliest times to the present
1749:
by conservative forces, encouraged by speeches from mosque preachers, denouncing the policies of the Ba'ath. The Syrian government sent tanks and troops into the quarters of Hama's old city to put down the insurrection.
1780:
In 2018, archaeologists revealed a Byzantine mosaic painting of a church that dates back to the fifth century AD. The painting, which was decorated with geometric shapes and inscriptions in Latin, was unearthed in the
2864:
900:
cities against the encroaching Assyrian armies. According to Assyrian sources, they were confronted by 4,000 chariots, 2,000 horsemen, 62,000-foot-soldiers and 1,000 Arab camel-riders in the
2862:
3970:
The Roman Wall: a historical, topographical, and descriptive account of the barrier of the lower isthmus, extending from the Tyne to the Solway, etc. With plates and maps
2863:
1177:
In the second half of the 4th century BC the modern region of Syria came under the influence of Greco-Roman culture, following long lasting semitic and Persian cultures.
1411:
rule. Although the city's history is obscure at this time period, it is known that Hama was a walled market town with a ring of outlying cities. On 29 November 903, the
1210:. Seleucid rule began to decline, however, in the next two centuries, and Arab dynasties began to gain control of cities in this part of Syria, including Hama.
1083:, Hamath is specified as part of the northern border of the land that will fall to the children of Israel as an inheritance when they enter the land of Canaan (
1765:. The most serious insurrection of the Syrian Islamist uprising happened in Hama during February 1982, when Government forces, led by the president's brother,
1546:, the historian and geographer, governor of the city and he reigned from 1310 to 1332. He described his city as "very ancient... mentioned in the book of the
1568:(water-wheels). In addition, there stood a massive citadel in Hama. Moreover, a special aqueduct brought drinking water to Hama from the neighboring town of
1745:, occurred in the city, which was reputed as a stronghold of conservative Sunni Islam. As early as the spring of 1964, Hama became the epicentre of an
1730:, a member of an impoverished notable family in Hama, began to agitate for land reform and better social conditions. He made Hama the base of his
1623:. Under the Ottomans, Hama gradually became more important in the administrative structure of the region. It was first made capital of one of the
3733:
777:
In the south, the Hittites were in conflict with the Egyptians. Hamath became an important urban center. The conflict culminated in the famous
1802:
8822:
1385:
in 638 or 639 and the town regained its ancient name, and has since retained it. Following its capture, it came under the administration of
3579:
2757:(14th century). Originally they were used to route water into aqueducts, which led into the town and the neighbouring agricultural areas.
1723:
owned by landowning elites. Starting in the late 1940s, significant class conflict erupted as agricultural workers sought reform in Hama.
4197:
3431:
1008:
razed the city c. 720 BC, recolonized it with 6300 Assyrians and removed its king to be flayed alive in Assyria. He also carried off to
9207:
5497:
1525:
family. This ushered in an era of stability and prosperity in Hama as the Ayyubids ruled it almost continuously until 1342. Geographer
1194:. Under the Seleucids there was a revival in the fortunes of Hama. The Aramaeans were allowed to return to the city, which was renamed
218:
2586:
mentions nine Greek bishops of Epiphania. The first of them, whom he calls Mauritius, is the Manikeios whose signature appears in the
9126:
4219:
2595:
1277:, as a tombstone of an archer was located there. However, the cohort's presence in Britain was proven by military diplomas, found in
3658:
958:
3914:
5475:
1651:"s) were built in the city, like Khan Rustum Pasha which dates from 1556. The governor of Hama was tasked in 1692 with settling
750:
sources before the first millennium BC, the site appears to have been prosperous around 1500 BC, when it was presumably an
4051:
3998:
3729:
5159:
3616:
3503:
3194:
3085:
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673:
used for watering the gardens, which are locally claimed to date back to 1100 BC. Though historically used for purpose of
287:
1529:, who was born in Hama, described it in 1225 as a large town surrounded by a strongly built wall. Hama was sacked by the
106:
3291:
120:
957:
In 738 BC, Hamath is listed among the cities again conquered by Assyrian troops. Over 30,000 natives were deported to
8815:
4101:
4061:
4040:
4019:
3987:
3955:
3492:Çakar, Enver (2019). "Les Turkmènes d'Alep à l'époque ottomane (1516–1700)". In Winter, Stefan; Ade, Mafalda (eds.).
1753:
In the early 1980s, Hama had emerged as a major source of opposition to the Ba'ath government during the Sunni armed
1320:
was strengthened throughout the Near East, and churches were built in Hama and other cities. The Byzantine historian
1056:
9237:
2614:
1335:
Two main personalities from Hama were documented during Greek-Roman times. The first is Eustathius of Epiphaneia (
533:
113:
5878:
3945:
2909:
1534:
1015:
Displaced persons from Hamath subsequently comprised an important part of the multi-ethnic Aramaean community at
9004:
251:
7525:
5490:
3547:
2914:
1032:
185:
4087:
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1076:
4974:
4212:
3009:
2591:
538:
9227:
8808:
7135:
6975:
2853:
503:
4227:
1343:), who was a Greek historian but all his works were lost. His most famous work was the "Brief Chronicle" (
1096:
4029:
Ring, Trudy; Berney, K.A.; Salkin, Robert M.; La Boda, Sharon; Watson, Noelle; Schellinger, Paul (1996),
3134:.1 (July 1908:7–18), in discussing the topography evoked by the Biblical phrase "the entrance of Hamath".
1278:
1092:
1072:
978:
3127:
Hamath's history from the inscriptions was encapsulated by George L. Robinson, "The Entrance of Hamath"
7200:
6925:
6028:
4078:
3092:
James Norman (Schmidt), Ancestral Voices: Decoding Ancient Languages, Four Winds Press, New York, 1975.
1805:. Hama's inland location ensures that it receives no softening coastal influences and breezes from the
1478:
1286:
1120:
946:
took a number of towns in the territory of Hamath, distributed the territories among his generals, and
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1100:
1084:
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797:
614:
511:
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nomads in the Hama-Homs region under the aegis of the Ottoman Empire's tribal settlement program.
1123:, is said to have "restored the territory of Israel from the entrance of Hamath to the Sea of the
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1554:
who eventually lost Mamluk favor and was deposed. Thus, Hama came under direct Mamluk control.
1356:
1344:
1336:
1274:
1226:
1207:
1199:
596:
459:
434:
17:
2770:
Palace). Remains in the exhibition include a precious Roman mosaic from the nearby village of
1550:. It is one of the pleasantest places in Syria." After his death, he was succeeded by his son
8746:
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2963:[President Assad issues two decrees appointing four new governors]. SANA. 12 May 2024
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482:
438:
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28:
2938:
1738:. This party's ascent to power in 1963 signalled the end of power for the landowning elite.
7765:
7000:
6780:
6535:
6138:
5708:
5354:
4074:
Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500
3754:
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1774:
1731:
1616:
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1448:
1444:
492:
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3210:
constituted the Aramean colony of Syene had its roots in Hamath. This is the Bethel group.
3025:
2983:"President al-Assad issues decrees on appointing new governors for eight Syrian provinces"
1467:
noted in 1047 that Hama was "well populated" and stood on the banks of the Orontes River.
8:
8831:
7330:
7070:
6303:
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5199:
3495:
Aleppo and its Hinterland in the Ottoman Period / Alep et sa province à l'époque ottomane
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shattered the city. For the next sixty years, Hama was battled for by competing rulers.
884:) in 853 BC; this marks the beginning of Assyrian inscriptions relating to the kingdom.
8042:
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7105:
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6163:
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1712:
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of which was surrounded by a wall. The city was filled with palaces, markets, mosques,
1317:
348:
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7035:
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5139:
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4015:
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1506:
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1371:
1321:
1238:
1234:
1163:
1091:, it would seem, took possession of Hamath and its territory and built store cities (
143:
139:
3708:
1639:. Hama once again became an important center for trade routes running east from the
8611:
8491:
8471:
8366:
8236:
8231:
8131:
7884:
7345:
7310:
7275:
7215:
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6890:
6870:
6825:
6605:
6353:
6253:
5828:
5778:
5633:
5513:
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5019:
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2783:
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778:
690:
647:
365:
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1221:
and made them their own. They met little resistance when they invaded Syria under
1174:
died at a location called Agbatana, which is most likely the modern city of Hama.
88:
9242:
8800:
8631:
8451:
8346:
8171:
8161:
7735:
7285:
7245:
7168:
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6855:
6725:
6690:
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6323:
6133:
6128:
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6038:
5993:
5988:
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Johann Nepomuk Augustin von Hornstein zu Hohenstoffen (16 May 1768 - 16 Dec 1805)
1766:
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1526:
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1270:
1159:
869:
587:
582:
566:
450:
4111:
J.L. Whitaker (2008), "Hamah", in Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley (eds.),
3633:"Mosaic painting dating back to fifth century AD discovered in Hama countryside"
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was 99.4. A 2005 estimate had Hama's population at around 325,000 inhabitants.
2508:
1757:, which had begun in 1976. The city was a focal point for bloody events in the
1746:
1620:
1612:
1460:
1424:
1404:
1313:
1143:
670:
135:
8878:
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4012:
A small town in Syria: Ottoman Hama in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries
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8756:
8716:
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8506:
8371:
8196:
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7205:
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6735:
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6003:
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5853:
5698:
5623:
5613:
5583:
5526:
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5404:
5334:
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5204:
5134:
5119:
5054:
4994:
4964:
4759:
4729:
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4614:
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3908:
2742:
2220:
1648:
1640:
1625:
1464:
1428:
1367:
1262:
1258:
1242:
985:(Jau-Bi'di) led a failed revolt of the newly organized Assyrian provinces of
920:
893:
782:
730:
631:
353:
302:
289:
1285:(AD 124), in addition to altars dedicated to Syrian Goddesses discovered at
1269:
in AD 142–157, then back to Magnis in AD 163–166, during the early reign of
9121:
8771:
8711:
8626:
8616:
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8416:
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4445:
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3543:
3292:"Hamian Archers: Roman auxiliaries from Syria in Britain. 2nd Century A.D."
2524:
1400:
1214:
986:
821:
725:
3568:
2698:
2582:. It is as "Epiphania" that it is best known in ecclesiastical documents.
574:
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8621:
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8381:
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4267:
3257:
2896:
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1700:
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1245:
starting from AD 120. The same unit or another one was later renamed to "
1171:
1116:
1104:
1016:
786:
430:
376:
8883:
1809:. As a result, the city has a much hotter and drier climate than nearby
1599:
1107:, as the northern border of Israel at the time of the dedication of the
95:
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9085:
8990:
8982:
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4609:
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4405:
4390:
4312:
4277:
2879:
2814:
mosque, also rebuilt by Nur ad-Din after the aforementioned earthquake.
2665:
1619:
near Aleppo. Hama, and the rest of Syria, came under Ottoman rule from
1420:
1416:
1282:
1060:
982:
932:
674:
1687:
1611:
The prosperous period of Mamluk rule came to an end in 1516, when the
9149:
9113:
9077:
9067:
9059:
9013:
8761:
8726:
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4400:
4345:
3947:
Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia
3580:"Survivors of Syria's Hama massacres by Assad forces watch, and hope"
3493:
2738:
2575:
2555:
1580:
1569:
1547:
1490:
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1297:
1293:
1167:
1112:
1005:
936:
928:
916:
889:
759:
747:
696:
473:
1023:) in Egypt starting in 700 BCE, where alongside similarly displaced
9023:
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8776:
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4619:
4590:
4485:
4297:
4257:
4116:
4089:
Demographic developments and population policies in Baʻathist Syria
4032:
International Dictionary of Historic Places: Middle East and Africa
3907: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
3762:
Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world
3682:
3632:
2681:
1741:
The political insurgency by Sunni Islamic groups, particularly the
1456:
1435:
1266:
1128:
994:
885:
813:
771:
700:
655:
639:
164:
3793:
A Small Town in Syria, Ottoman Hama in the 18th and 19th Centuries
2766:
the museum, housed in an 18th-century Ottoman governor residence (
1455:
gained suzerainty over northern Syria and during this period, the
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4292:
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Dumper, Michael; Stanley, Bruce E.; Abu-Lughod, Janet L. (2007),
2805:
2745:, they are up to 20 metres (66 ft) in diameter. The largest
2583:
1588:
1560:
1538:
1522:
1514:
1513:
in the city in 1172. In 1175, Hama was taken from the Zengids by
1510:
1452:
1408:
1088:
998:
990:
897:
860:), which traded extensively, particularly with Israel and Judah.
755:
751:
523:
445:
420:
360:
8929:
2627:
Giovanni Battista Albrici Pellegrini (5 Oct 1751 - 21 Jul 1760,
1533:
in 1260, as were most other Syrian cities, but the Mongols were
1327:
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4375:
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4317:
4252:
3685:"World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated"
2982:
1786:
1631:
1502:
1439:
1222:
1135:
1124:
1048:
1009:
962:
951:
927:, king of Aram-Damascus. Zakir was besieged in his fortress of
924:
912:
908:
873:
713:
659:
499:
478:
3071:
Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie
1679:
681:
exist today as an almost entirely aesthetic traditional show.
8942:
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1615:
conquered Syria from the Mamluks after defeating them at the
1565:
1080:
1068:
1044:
1020:
855:
695:
The ancient settlement of Hamath was occupied from the early
678:
635:
625:
329:
324:
35:
27:
This article is about the city in Syria. For other uses, see
3683:
M. Kottek; J. Grieser; C. Beck; B. Rudolf; F. Rubel (2006).
8586:
8566:
7630:
7305:
6213:
5588:
5149:
4420:
4370:
4282:
3225:
2599:
1810:
1584:
1396:
1225:
and annexed it in 64 BC, whereupon Hama became part of the
1024:
790:
663:
643:
2566:
The Greek Orthodox Church has a prelacy in Hama under the
954:; he exacted tribute from Hamath's king, Eni-Ilu (Eniel).
650:. With a population of 996,000 (2023 census), Hama is the
7374:
4669:
3659:"Early Byzantine mosaic floor discovered in Syria's Hama"
3252:
3250:
3229:
1153:
1134:
Assyria's defeat of Hamath made a profound impression on
3323:
1292:
In AD 330, the capital of the Roman Empire was moved to
4028:
3943:
3401:
3186:
Becoming Diaspora Jews: Behind the Story of Elephantine
3155:"Hamath Wrecked to Terrify Small Opponents of Assyria"
1734:, which later merged with another socialist party, the
549:
77:
3889:
Epiphania in Syria (Titular See). Catholicheirachy.org
3548:"In Syria, the government is the real rebel – Opinion"
3247:
2624:
Giovanni Domenico Xiberras, (1 Oct 1727 - 5 Oct 1751)
1820:
Climate data for Hama (1961–1990, extremes 1956–2004)
950:
1,223 selected inhabitants to the valley of the Upper
816:
Hama attested as the capital of one of the prosperous
4168:
1521:, four years later, putting it under the rule of his
1474:
The gate in the old city of Hama, Mamluk architecture
1115:. The area was subsequently lost to the Syrians, but
3887:
http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/d2e34.html
3582:. English.alarabiya.net. 9 July 2011. Archived from
3137:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3059:
3057:
3055:
2961:"الرئيس الأسد يصدر مرسومين بتعيين أربعة محافظين جدد"
2886:
1726:
Syria gained full independence from France in 1946.
601:
464:
3182:
1181:'s campaign from 334 to 323 BC brought Syria under
1166:, took Syria as part of his empire, to be known as
812:
The Fall of the Hittite Empire saw the Neo-Hittite/
638:. It is located 213 km (132 mi) north of
8830:
1699:Ottoman rule ended in 1918, after their defeat in
1564:, and a hospital, and over thirty different sized
3052:
770:By around 1350 BC, Mitanni was overthrown by the
9189:
3010:Updated: Your Cheat Sheet to the Syrian Conflict
2590:. Currently, it has two Catholic archbishops, a
3734:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1047:reports state that Hamath was the capital of a
746:Although the town appears to be unmentioned in
3997:Herzog, Johann Jakob; Schaff, Phillip (1911),
3533:Dumper, Stanley, and Abu-Lughod, 2007, p. 164.
2598:, the latter at Homs, reuniting the titles of
972:
915:, tells of an attack by a coalition including
8816:
5491:
4213:
3825:Dumper, Stanley, and Abu-Lughod, 2007, p.162.
3611:. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. pp. 85–88.
3455:
3453:
3380:Dumper, Stanley, and Abu-Lughod, 2007, p.163.
2491:(extremes 1956–2004, and humidity 1973–1993)
1537:that same year and then again in 1303 by the
1190:became ruler of Syria and the founder of the
1027:they produced a large corpus of materials in
6440:
3996:
3020:
3018:
2808:historian who was also governor of the city.
2611:Vartan Hunanian (28 Jan 1675 - 24 Oct 1681)
1012:the ivory-adorned furnishings of its kings.
168:
156:
53:
4049:
3833:
3831:
1004:Styling himself the "Destroyer of Hamath,"
8823:
8809:
5498:
5484:
4220:
4206:
4113:Cities of the Middle East and North Africa
4070:
3930:
3912:
3450:
3376:
3241:
2725:Hama's most famous attractions are the 17
2646:Pierre Feghali (23 Feb 1919 - 20 Jul 1944)
1381:in the 7th century, Hama was conquered by
896:(biblical "Bar-Hadad") led a coalition of
3821:
3819:
3529:
3527:
3525:
3374:
3372:
3370:
3368:
3366:
3364:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3232:translation, which refers to the Dead Sea
3189:. Yale University Press. pp. 54–59.
3183:Karel van der Toorn (24 September 2019).
3176:
3015:
2831:Adnan al-Bakkour, former Attorney General
2649:Pietro Sfair (11 Mar 1953 - 11 Mar 1960)
1663:and Khan As'ad Pasha which were built by
1427:, which eliminated them from the western
4110:
4085:
3977:
3828:
3604:
3542:
3478:
3476:
3474:
3407:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3143:
2561:
2502:
1686:
1678:
1598:
1469:
1366:
1326:
1296:, and the city continued to prosper. In
1257:). The garrison unit was transferred to
1146:also named the town "Hamath the Great" (
863:
774:, who controlled all of northern Syria.
642:and 46 kilometres (29 mi) north of
3937:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. IV, Fasc. 7
3045:
3043:
1389:and remained so throughout the rule of
1355:, who was from Epiphaneia according to
1316:). Roman rule from Byzantium meant the
1217:took over original settlements such as
931:, but saved by intervention of the God
14:
9190:
8041:
4009:
3816:
3522:
3353:
2634:Tommaso Vespoli (22 Nov 1762 - 1768 )
1447:raided the town in 968 and burned the
1154:Persian, Hellenistic and Roman history
1038:
965:) and replaced with captives from the
646:. It is the provincial capital of the
8804:
8040:
7797:
7796:
7166:
6439:
5524:
5479:
4201:
4151:The Official City's Group on facebook
3964:
3491:
3471:
3329:
3268:
2606:Titular bishopric of the Roman Church
2594:and a Syrian, the former residing at
2574:(referred to as "Hamath" or Amath"),
1517:. He granted the city to his nephew,
1324:was born in Hama in the 6th century.
800:was the first to discover Hittite or
581:
4053:Labour in the medieval Islamic world
3923:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
3722:
3605:Friedman, Thomas L. (1 April 2010).
3040:
1273:. They might have also stationed at
939:came to rule both Hamath and Aram.
872:(858–824 BC) conquered the north of
845:
618:
591:
7167:
4131:Bibliography of the history of Hama
3795:, p73. Peter Lang Publishing (2002)
3764:(in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst
3747:
2734:
1481:, took it in 1108, but in 1114 the
1103:names the "entrance of Hamath", or
570:
454:
169:
157:
54:
24:
4124:
3913:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "
3073:, Vol. 4. Walter de Gruyter, 1975.
2842:
25:
9254:
9208:Populated places in Hama District
5525:
4169:Official site of Hama governorate
4144:
2825:
2570:. Hama is still a Roman Catholic
1674:
1434:It came under the control of the
765:
741:
241:Show map of Eastern Mediterranean
9003:
6426:
6420:
5507:
4326:
4229:
4138:fouilles et recherches 1931–1938
3931:Dandamayev, Muhammad A. (1990).
3902:
3730:"Hama Climate Normals 1961–1990"
3159:. 39:13 (29 March 1941:205–206.)
2889:
2878:Problems playing this file? See
2860:
2709:
2697:
2680:
2659:
2615:Franz Anton von Harrach zu Rorau
1715:occurred in the city during the
1231:Cohors Prima Hamiorum Sagittaria
630:) is a city on the banks of the
323:
257:
250:
224:
217:
191:
184:
119:
112:
105:
94:
87:
76:
3895:
3880:
3868:
3852:
3840:
3837:Schaff and Herzog, 1911, p.232.
3807:
3798:
3785:
3776:
3676:
3651:
3625:
3598:
3572:
3562:
3536:
3513:
3485:
3462:
3441:
3422:
3413:
3392:
3383:
3335:
3305:
3284:
3215:
3162:
3149:
3121:
2910:Cities of the ancient Near East
2498:
1594:
876:, he reached Hamath (Assyrian:
719:
43:City in Hama Governorate, Syria
4184:Hama city community on the net
3926:CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Hamatha
3755:"Klimatafel von Hama / Syrien"
3095:
3076:
3003:
2975:
2953:
2931:
2671:
2655:, (22 Jul 1960 - 29 Sep 1990)
1362:
1206:), after the Seleucid Emperor
1033:Elephantine papyri and ostraca
13:
1:
4136:P. J. Riis/V. Poulsen, Hama:
2925:
1797:Its climate is classified as
1643:coast into Asia. A number of
1583:took Hama, along with nearby
1403:writes Hama became a part of
1351:). The second personality is
1247:Numerus Syrorum Saggitariorum
736:
4165:Governmental online services
3663:The Archaeology News Network
2800:The mosque and Mausoleum of
2782:mosque, finished in 1163 by
1707:. Hama was made part of the
1485:lost it definitively to the
1079:). In God's instructions to
1059:), whose king congratulated
856:
706:
626:
602:
258:
238:Hama (Eastern Mediterranean)
225:
192:
7:
4004:, Funk and Wagnalls Company
3709:10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130
3083:The Decipherment of Hittite
2835:
2617:(21 Nov 1701 - 7 Jan 1702,
2293:Average precipitation days
2079:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
1939:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
1451:. By the 11th century, the
973:Destruction under Sargon II
807:
575:
465:
10:
9259:
6029:al-Tulaysiyah al-Janubiyah
4128:
4079:Palestine Exploration Fund
4050:Shatzmiller, Maya (1994),
3978:Grainger, John D. (2016),
3468:le Strange, 1890, p.xxiii.
3438:. Archnet Digital Library.
2643:(23 Mar 1896 - 1 May 1897)
2523:Most of the residents are
2486:
2481:
1819:
1792:
1479:Tancred, Prince of Galilee
1348:
1340:
1203:
979:northern kingdom of Israel
911:, dual king of Hamath and
907:An Aramaic inscription of
688:
684:
399:305 m (1,001 ft)
33:
26:
9163:
9140:
9112:
9094:
9076:
9058:
9040:
9022:
9012:
9001:
8981:
8963:
8951:
8928:
8910:
8892:
8849:
8839:
8660:
8515:
8400:
8310:
8053:
8049:
8036:
7978:
7933:
7809:
7805:
7792:
7664:
7544:
7444:
7364:
7179:
7175:
7162:
6949:
6804:
6704:
6629:
6452:
6448:
6435:
6418:
6182:
6174:Zor al-Haysa al-Sharqiyah
6047:
5907:
5537:
5533:
5520:
4599:
4335:
4324:
4242:
4236:Cities and towns of Syria
3980:Syria: An Outline History
3028:. Encyclopædia Britannica
2920:Short chronology timeline
2790:. Notable is the minaret.
2550:The city also contains a
2434:
2387:
2339:
2292:
2218:
2148:
2078:
2008:
1938:
1868:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1607:in Hama was built in 1742
1493:, atabeg of Damascus. In
1383:Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah
935:. Later on, the state of
846:
669:The city is renowned for
544:
532:
522:
510:
489:
472:
444:
426:
416:
408:
403:
395:
387:
382:
371:
359:
347:
335:
318:
283:
178:
152:
69:
62:
48:
6442:Al-Suqaylabiyah District
6394:Umm Turaykat al-Qibliyah
6359:al-Samaqiyah al-Qibliyah
4071:le Strange, Guy (1890),
3972:, Longmans & Company
3863:Patrum Nicaenorum Nomina
3782:Shatzmiller, 1994, p.59.
3608:From Beirut to Jerusalem
3459:le Strange, 1890, p.360.
3447:le Strange, 1890, p.359.
3398:le Strange, 1890, p.357.
3109:. Jewishencyclopedia.com
3069:Hawkins, J.D. "Hamath."
2641:Francis Alphonsus Bourne
2552:Palestinian refugee camp
1379:Muslim conquest of Syria
1300:days, Hama was known as
798:Johann Ludwig Burckhardt
417: • Ethnicities
52:
34:Not to be confused with
9238:Historic sites in Syria
6541:al-Khandaq al-Sharqiyah
5839:al-Suwayda al-Sharqiyah
5834:al-Suwayda al-Gharbiyah
3966:Bruce, John Collingwood
3637:Syrian Arab News Agency
3389:le Strange, 1890, p.39.
3157:The Science News-Letter
3088:31 October 2018 at the
2988:Syrian Arab News Agency
2588:First Council of Nicaea
1709:French Mandate of Syria
1393:until the 9th century.
1227:Roman province of Syria
868:When the Assyrian king
796:In early 19th century,
762:in northeastern Syria.
142:, Al-Hassanein Mosque,
5025:Khirbet al-Tin Mahmoud
4471:al-Mukharram al-Foqani
4192:Ancient Hama king list
4115:, Santa Barbara, USA:
4086:Winckler, Onn (1998),
4010:Reilly, James (2002),
3299:portalstothepast.co.uk
2939:"2023 official census"
2847:
2737:), dating back to the
2704:Close-up view of Noria
2687:The Orontes River and
2545:Syriac Orthodox Church
2512:
2489:Deutscher Wetterdienst
1696:
1684:
1608:
1489:, during the reign of
1475:
1374:
1357:Stephanus of Byzantium
1332:
1208:Antiochus IV Epiphanes
977:After the fall of the
758:, an empire along the
435:Syriac Orthodox Church
427: • Religions
4094:Sussex Academic Press
3920:Catholic Encyclopedia
2846:
2797:mosque (15th century)
2761:Other sights include:
2562:Ecclesiastical status
2541:Greek Orthodox Church
2506:
1761:and the most notable
1690:
1682:
1629:("districts") of the
1602:
1473:
1370:
1330:
1233:", were stationed at
864:Assyrian inscriptions
491: • Summer (
439:Greek Orthodox Church
388: • Governor
29:Hama (disambiguation)
7001:al-Huwayz al-Shamali
6556:Mashta' al-Shalahmah
6536:al-Khandaq al-Gharbi
6139:Qubaybat Abu al-Huda
5355:al-Surah al-Saghirah
4174:12 June 2019 at the
3875:Missiones Catholicae
3813:Wincler, 1998, p.44.
3804:Wincler, 1998, p.72.
3550:. Al Jazeera English
2568:Patriarch of Antioch
1869:Record high °C (°F)
1803:Köppen-Geiger system
1732:Arab Socialist Party
1719:against the French.
1617:Battle of Marj Dabiq
1509:with a tall, square
1415:during the reign of
1331:An alley in old Hama
1077:1 Chronicles 18:9–11
1057:2 Kings 23:33; 25:21
671:its seventeen norias
613:'fortress';
132:Clockwise from top:
9228:Syro-Hittite states
7726:Duwayr al-Mashayekh
7071:Mastarihat Afamiyah
6304:Muwaylah al-Sirwana
5200:Rasm Harmil al-Imam
4077:, Committee of the
3939:. pp. 726–729.
3701:2006MetZe..15..259K
3519:Reilly, 2002, p.72.
3434:3 July 2013 at the
3332:, pp. 243–244.
3244:, pp. 726–729.
3107:Jewish Encyclopedia
2653:Volodymyr Malanczuk
2149:Record low °C (°F)
2009:Daily mean °C (°F)
1717:Great Syrian Revolt
1665:As'ad Pasha al-Azem
1353:Euphrates the Stoic
1341:Εὐστάθιος Ἐπιφανεύς
1251:Derventio Brigantum
1179:Alexander the Great
1039:Hamath in the Bible
944:Tiglath-Pileser III
818:Syro-Hittite states
802:Luwian hieroglyphic
652:fourth-largest city
299: /
146:, Khan Rustem Pasha
8712:Harat al-Sharqiyah
8452:Khunayfis al-Dawsa
8043:Salamiyah District
7396:Huwayr al-Turukman
6289:Jadduah Shamaliyah
4194:historyfiles.co.uk
4140:(Copenhagen 1957).
3847:Oriens Christianus
3482:Ring, 1996, p.318.
3281:Ring, 1996, p.317.
3129:The Biblical World
3049:Ring, 1996, p.315.
2848:
2788:earthquake of 1157
2741:times. Fed by the
2527:(including mostly
2513:
1775:2011 siege of Hama
1763:1982 Hama massacre
1743:Muslim Brotherhood
1713:1925 Hama uprising
1697:
1685:
1609:
1505:sultan, erected a
1495:1157 an earthquake
1476:
1375:
1333:
1318:Christian religion
1170:. In July 522 BC,
516:Country code: 963
409: • Total
155:Mother of Norias (
9185:
9184:
9181:
9180:
8999:
8998:
8834:states and cities
8798:
8797:
8794:
8793:
8790:
8789:
8632:Rasm al-Bardakana
8032:
8031:
8028:
8027:
7799:Mahardah District
7788:
7787:
7784:
7783:
7158:
7157:
7154:
7153:
7036:Hawijat al-Sallah
6606:Tahunat al-Halawa
6416:
6415:
6412:
6411:
6339:Rasm al-Daheriyah
6269:Janat al-Sawarnah
6094:Khirbet al-Hajama
5473:
5472:
4815:al-Hajar al-Aswad
3982:, Pen and Sword,
3849:, II, pp.915–918.
3639:. 31 October 2018
3618:978-0-374-70699-9
3505:978-90-04-37902-2
3429:Nur al-Din Mosque
3228:translation; cf.
3196:978-0-300-24949-1
2865:
2793:The small Mamluk
2495:
2494:
2342:relative humidity
1807:Mediterranean Sea
1755:Islamist uprising
1552:al-Afdal Muhammad
1445:Nicephorus Phocas
1413:Abbasid Caliphate
1372:Nur al-Din Mosque
1349:Χρονικὴν ἐπιτομὴν
1322:John of Epiphania
1249:" and located at
1164:Achaemenid Empire
1063:on his defeat of
854:
793:in 1285 BC.
724:Remains from the
624:
612:
600:
560:
559:
463:
391:Maan Subhi Abboud
303:35.133°N 36.750°E
208:Show map of Syria
205:Location in Syria
144:Nur al-Din Mosque
16:(Redirected from
9250:
9233:Canaanite cities
9020:
9019:
9007:
8847:
8846:
8825:
8818:
8811:
8802:
8801:
8612:Makaymin Shamali
8547:Bustan al-Subeih
8542:Abu al-Fashafish
8492:Tell Abd al-Aziz
8367:Mafkar al-Gharbi
8237:Tell Hasan Basha
8051:
8050:
8038:
8037:
7880:
7807:
7806:
7794:
7793:
7276:Mashta Deir Mama
7177:
7176:
7164:
7163:
6901:Qastal al-Burayj
6871:Khirbet al-Naqus
6826:al-Amqiyah Tahta
6450:
6449:
6437:
6436:
6430:
6424:
6354:Shihat al-Hamraa
6254:Huways Ibn Hadib
5829:Suwak al-Shamali
5779:Qubaybat al-Assi
5634:Hawayiz Umm Jurn
5535:
5534:
5522:
5521:
5514:Hama Governorate
5512:
5511:
5500:
5493:
5486:
5477:
5476:
5320:al-Shaykh Maskin
5020:Khirbet Ghazaleh
4850:Harran al-Awamid
4441:Maarat al-Numaan
4436:Jisr ash-Shughur
4330:
4234:
4233:
4222:
4215:
4208:
4199:
4198:
4188:
4180:
4159:
4155:
4119:
4106:
4081:
4066:
4045:
4024:
4005:
3992:
3973:
3960:
3940:
3924:
3906:
3905:
3890:
3884:
3878:
3872:
3866:
3859:Gelzer, Heinrich
3856:
3850:
3844:
3838:
3835:
3826:
3823:
3814:
3811:
3805:
3802:
3796:
3789:
3783:
3780:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3759:
3751:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3740:
3726:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3715:
3680:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3669:
3655:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3644:
3629:
3623:
3622:
3602:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3591:
3576:
3570:
3566:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3555:
3540:
3534:
3531:
3520:
3517:
3511:
3509:
3489:
3483:
3480:
3469:
3466:
3460:
3457:
3448:
3445:
3439:
3426:
3420:
3419:Robinson 1908:9.
3417:
3411:
3405:
3399:
3396:
3390:
3387:
3381:
3378:
3351:
3350:
3339:
3333:
3327:
3321:
3320:
3309:
3303:
3302:
3296:
3288:
3282:
3279:
3266:
3265:
3254:
3245:
3239:
3233:
3219:
3213:
3212:
3180:
3174:
3166:
3160:
3153:
3147:
3141:
3135:
3125:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3099:
3093:
3080:
3074:
3067:
3050:
3047:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3022:
3013:
3007:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2996:
2979:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2935:
2905:Outline of Syria
2899:
2894:
2893:
2870:Sound of a noria
2867:
2866:
2855:Sound of a noria
2845:
2774:(4th century AD)
2736:
2713:
2701:
2684:
2619:bishop of Vienna
2518:Hama Governorate
2296:
1817:
1816:
1771:Syrian civil war
1728:Akram al-Hawrani
1635:("province") of
1519:al-Muzaffar Umar
1350:
1342:
1205:
1192:Seleucid dynasty
1188:Seleucus Nicator
1097:2 Chronicles 8:4
1029:Imperial Aramaic
981:, Hamath's king
967:Zagros Mountains
948:forcibly removed
902:Battle of Qarqar
859:
853:romanized:
852:
850:
848:
804:script at Hama.
779:Battle of Kadesh
716:(6000–5000 BC).
691:Timeline of Hama
648:Hama Governorate
634:in west-central
629:
623:romanized:
622:
620:
607:
605:
595:
593:
585:
583:[ħaˈmaː]
578:
572:
556:
553:
551:
496:
468:
458:
456:
366:Hama Subdistrict
342:Hama Governorate
328:
327:
314:
313:
311:
310:
309:
304:
300:
297:
296:
295:
292:
275:
274:Show map of Asia
261:
260:
254:
242:
228:
227:
221:
209:
195:
194:
188:
172:
171:
170:مدينة أبي الفداء
160:
159:
153:Nicknames:
123:
116:
109:
98:
91:
80:
57:
56:
46:
45:
21:
9258:
9257:
9253:
9252:
9251:
9249:
9248:
9247:
9203:Cities in Syria
9188:
9187:
9186:
9177:
9159:
9136:
9108:
9090:
9072:
9054:
9036:
9008:
8995:
8977:
8959:
8947:
8924:
8906:
8888:
8835:
8829:
8799:
8786:
8747:Qabasin al-Arab
8717:Hasu al-Qiblawi
8662:
8656:
8647:Tabara al-Hamra
8517:
8511:
8402:
8396:
8347:Barri al-Gharbi
8312:
8306:
8172:Qubbat al-Kurdi
8055:
8045:
8024:
7980:
7974:
7935:
7929:
7876:
7811:
7801:
7780:
7666:
7660:
7606:Khan Jalaymadun
7546:
7540:
7446:
7440:
7366:
7360:
7181:
7171:
7169:Masyaf District
7150:
6960:Qalaat al-Madiq
6951:
6950:Qalaat al-Madiq
6945:
6856:Duwayr al-Akrad
6806:
6800:
6706:
6700:
6691:Qatrat al-Rihan
6631:
6625:
6526:Jurniyat al-Tar
6464:Al-Suqaylabiyah
6454:
6453:Al-Suqaylabiyah
6444:
6431:
6425:
6408:
6324:Qasr Ibn Wardan
6184:
6178:
6134:Qasr al-Makhram
6129:Qasr Abu Samrah
6049:
6043:
5994:Khirbet al-Qasr
5989:Khirbet al-Jami
5909:
5903:
5894:Zor al-Sarmiyah
5744:Maqtaa al-Hajar
5724:Maarin al-Jabal
5539:
5529:
5516:
5506:
5504:
5474:
5469:
5325:Shayukh Tahtani
5315:Shaykh al-Hadid
5165:Qalaat al-Madiq
5035:Ma'arrat Misrin
5010:Kuwayris Sharqi
4595:
4561:al-Suqaylabiyah
4556:ash-Shaykh Badr
4331:
4322:
4238:
4228:
4226:
4186:
4178:
4176:Wayback Machine
4157:
4153:
4147:
4133:
4127:
4125:Further reading
4122:
4104:
4064:
4043:
4022:
3990:
3958:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3885:
3881:
3873:
3869:
3857:
3853:
3845:
3841:
3836:
3829:
3824:
3817:
3812:
3808:
3803:
3799:
3791:James Reilly,
3790:
3786:
3781:
3777:
3767:
3765:
3757:
3753:
3752:
3748:
3738:
3736:
3728:
3727:
3723:
3713:
3711:
3681:
3677:
3667:
3665:
3657:
3656:
3652:
3642:
3640:
3631:
3630:
3626:
3619:
3603:
3599:
3589:
3587:
3586:on 14 July 2011
3578:
3577:
3573:
3567:
3563:
3553:
3551:
3541:
3537:
3532:
3523:
3518:
3514:
3506:
3490:
3486:
3481:
3472:
3467:
3463:
3458:
3451:
3446:
3442:
3436:Wayback Machine
3427:
3423:
3418:
3414:
3406:
3402:
3397:
3393:
3388:
3384:
3379:
3354:
3341:
3340:
3336:
3328:
3324:
3311:
3310:
3306:
3294:
3290:
3289:
3285:
3280:
3269:
3256:
3255:
3248:
3242:Dandamayev 1990
3240:
3236:
3220:
3216:
3197:
3181:
3177:
3167:
3163:
3154:
3150:
3142:
3138:
3126:
3122:
3112:
3110:
3101:
3100:
3096:
3090:Wayback Machine
3081:
3077:
3068:
3053:
3048:
3041:
3031:
3029:
3026:"Hamah (Syria)"
3024:
3023:
3016:
3008:
3004:
2994:
2992:
2981:
2980:
2976:
2966:
2964:
2959:
2958:
2954:
2944:
2942:
2937:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2895:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2868:
2861:
2858:
2849:
2843:
2838:
2828:
2804:, a celebrated
2753:(1453) and the
2723:
2722:
2721:
2720:
2719:
2714:
2706:
2705:
2702:
2693:
2692:
2691:
2685:
2674:
2662:
2564:
2501:
2496:
2482:Source 1: NOAA
2294:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1795:
1767:Rifaat al-Assad
1677:
1669:vilayet of Sham
1597:
1527:Yaqut al-Hamawi
1365:
1271:Marcus Aurelius
1160:Cyrus the Great
1156:
1142:). The prophet
1093:1 Kings 4:21–24
1073:2 Samuel 8:9–11
1041:
1019:and Syene (now
975:
870:Shalmaneser III
866:
842:Biblical Hebrew
820:known from the
810:
768:
744:
739:
722:
709:
693:
687:
654:in Syria after
615:Biblical Hebrew
548:
517:
490:
437:
433:
322:
307:
305:
301:
298:
293:
290:
288:
286:
285:
279:
278:
277:
276:
273:
272:
269:
268:
267:
266:
262:
245:
244:
243:
240:
239:
236:
235:
234:
233:
229:
212:
211:
210:
207:
206:
203:
202:
201:
200:
196:
174:
162:
148:
147:
133:
129:
128:
127:
126:
125:
124:
117:
110:
101:
100:
99:
92:
83:
82:
81:
65:
58:
51:
44:
39:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9256:
9246:
9245:
9240:
9235:
9230:
9225:
9223:Aramean states
9220:
9218:Aramean cities
9215:
9213:Hittite cities
9210:
9205:
9200:
9183:
9182:
9179:
9178:
9176:
9175:
9169:
9167:
9161:
9160:
9158:
9157:
9152:
9146:
9144:
9138:
9137:
9135:
9134:
9129:
9124:
9118:
9116:
9110:
9109:
9107:
9106:
9100:
9098:
9092:
9091:
9089:
9088:
9082:
9080:
9074:
9073:
9071:
9070:
9064:
9062:
9056:
9055:
9053:
9052:
9046:
9044:
9038:
9037:
9035:
9034:
9028:
9026:
9017:
9010:
9009:
9002:
9000:
8997:
8996:
8994:
8993:
8987:
8985:
8979:
8978:
8976:
8975:
8969:
8967:
8961:
8960:
8957:
8955:
8949:
8948:
8946:
8945:
8940:
8934:
8932:
8926:
8925:
8923:
8922:
8916:
8914:
8908:
8907:
8905:
8904:
8898:
8896:
8890:
8889:
8887:
8886:
8881:
8876:
8871:
8866:
8861:
8855:
8853:
8844:
8837:
8836:
8828:
8827:
8820:
8813:
8805:
8796:
8795:
8792:
8791:
8788:
8787:
8785:
8784:
8779:
8774:
8769:
8764:
8759:
8754:
8749:
8744:
8739:
8734:
8729:
8724:
8719:
8714:
8709:
8704:
8699:
8694:
8689:
8684:
8679:
8674:
8666:
8664:
8658:
8657:
8655:
8654:
8649:
8644:
8639:
8634:
8629:
8624:
8619:
8614:
8609:
8604:
8599:
8594:
8589:
8584:
8579:
8574:
8572:Jani al-Albawi
8569:
8564:
8559:
8557:Hamada al-Omar
8554:
8549:
8544:
8539:
8534:
8529:
8521:
8519:
8513:
8512:
8510:
8509:
8504:
8499:
8494:
8489:
8484:
8479:
8474:
8469:
8464:
8459:
8454:
8449:
8444:
8439:
8434:
8429:
8424:
8419:
8414:
8406:
8404:
8398:
8397:
8395:
8394:
8389:
8384:
8379:
8374:
8369:
8364:
8359:
8354:
8349:
8344:
8339:
8334:
8329:
8324:
8316:
8314:
8308:
8307:
8305:
8304:
8299:
8294:
8289:
8284:
8282:Tulul al-Humur
8279:
8274:
8269:
8264:
8259:
8254:
8249:
8244:
8239:
8234:
8229:
8224:
8219:
8214:
8209:
8204:
8199:
8194:
8189:
8184:
8179:
8174:
8169:
8164:
8159:
8154:
8149:
8144:
8139:
8134:
8129:
8124:
8119:
8114:
8109:
8104:
8099:
8094:
8089:
8084:
8079:
8074:
8069:
8059:
8057:
8047:
8046:
8034:
8033:
8030:
8029:
8026:
8025:
8023:
8022:
8017:
8012:
8007:
8002:
7997:
7992:
7984:
7982:
7976:
7975:
7973:
7972:
7967:
7962:
7957:
7952:
7947:
7939:
7937:
7931:
7930:
7928:
7927:
7925:Zawr al-Qaadah
7922:
7917:
7912:
7907:
7902:
7897:
7892:
7887:
7882:
7870:
7865:
7860:
7855:
7850:
7845:
7840:
7835:
7830:
7825:
7815:
7813:
7803:
7802:
7790:
7789:
7786:
7785:
7782:
7781:
7779:
7778:
7773:
7768:
7763:
7758:
7753:
7748:
7743:
7738:
7733:
7728:
7723:
7718:
7713:
7708:
7703:
7698:
7693:
7688:
7683:
7678:
7670:
7668:
7662:
7661:
7659:
7658:
7653:
7648:
7643:
7638:
7633:
7628:
7623:
7618:
7613:
7608:
7603:
7598:
7593:
7588:
7583:
7578:
7573:
7568:
7563:
7558:
7550:
7548:
7542:
7541:
7539:
7538:
7533:
7528:
7523:
7518:
7513:
7511:Kahf al-Habash
7508:
7506:Hikr Bayt Atiq
7503:
7498:
7493:
7488:
7483:
7478:
7473:
7468:
7463:
7458:
7450:
7448:
7442:
7441:
7439:
7438:
7433:
7428:
7423:
7418:
7413:
7408:
7403:
7398:
7393:
7388:
7383:
7378:
7370:
7368:
7362:
7361:
7359:
7358:
7353:
7348:
7343:
7338:
7333:
7328:
7323:
7318:
7313:
7308:
7303:
7298:
7293:
7291:Qabu Shamsiyah
7288:
7283:
7278:
7273:
7268:
7263:
7258:
7253:
7248:
7243:
7238:
7233:
7228:
7223:
7218:
7213:
7208:
7203:
7198:
7193:
7185:
7183:
7173:
7172:
7160:
7159:
7156:
7155:
7152:
7151:
7149:
7148:
7143:
7138:
7133:
7131:Tamana al-Ghab
7128:
7123:
7118:
7113:
7108:
7103:
7098:
7093:
7088:
7083:
7078:
7073:
7068:
7063:
7058:
7053:
7048:
7043:
7041:Jamasat Udayat
7038:
7033:
7031:Hawijah Sayyad
7028:
7023:
7018:
7013:
7008:
7003:
6998:
6993:
6988:
6983:
6978:
6973:
6968:
6963:
6955:
6953:
6947:
6946:
6944:
6943:
6938:
6933:
6928:
6923:
6918:
6913:
6908:
6903:
6898:
6893:
6888:
6883:
6878:
6873:
6868:
6863:
6858:
6853:
6848:
6843:
6838:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6810:
6808:
6802:
6801:
6799:
6798:
6793:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6751:Hawr al-Mawsil
6748:
6743:
6738:
6736:Birat al-Jabal
6733:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6710:
6708:
6702:
6701:
6699:
6698:
6693:
6688:
6686:Nubl al-Khatib
6683:
6678:
6673:
6668:
6663:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6635:
6633:
6627:
6626:
6624:
6623:
6618:
6616:Tell al-Titeen
6613:
6608:
6603:
6598:
6593:
6588:
6583:
6578:
6573:
6568:
6563:
6558:
6553:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6533:
6528:
6523:
6518:
6516:Hawrat Ammurin
6513:
6508:
6503:
6498:
6493:
6488:
6483:
6478:
6473:
6468:
6458:
6456:
6446:
6445:
6433:
6432:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6413:
6410:
6409:
6407:
6406:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6384:Tuwal Dabaghin
6381:
6376:
6371:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6276:
6274:Jubb al-Uthman
6271:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6251:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6188:
6186:
6180:
6179:
6177:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6149:Taybat al-Imam
6146:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6053:
6051:
6045:
6044:
6042:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5959:Deir al-Fardis
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5913:
5911:
5905:
5904:
5902:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5889:Zor Abu Dardah
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5639:Hawir al-Salib
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5601:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5543:
5541:
5531:
5530:
5518:
5517:
5503:
5502:
5495:
5488:
5480:
5471:
5470:
5468:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5235:al-Sabe' Biyar
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5090:Mashta al-Helu
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4930:Jubb al-Jarrah
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4800:al-Ghizlaniyah
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4606:
4604:
4597:
4596:
4594:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4342:
4340:
4333:
4332:
4325:
4323:
4321:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4249:
4247:
4240:
4239:
4225:
4224:
4217:
4210:
4202:
4196:
4195:
4189:
4181:
4166:
4160:
4146:
4145:External links
4143:
4142:
4141:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4120:
4108:
4102:
4083:
4068:
4062:
4047:
4041:
4026:
4020:
4007:
3994:
3988:
3975:
3962:
3956:
3941:
3928:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3891:
3879:
3867:
3851:
3839:
3827:
3815:
3806:
3797:
3784:
3775:
3746:
3721:
3695:(3): 259–263.
3675:
3650:
3624:
3617:
3597:
3571:
3561:
3535:
3521:
3512:
3504:
3484:
3470:
3461:
3449:
3440:
3421:
3412:
3410:, p. 163.
3400:
3391:
3382:
3352:
3347:www.cs.uky.edu
3334:
3322:
3304:
3283:
3267:
3246:
3234:
3214:
3195:
3175:
3161:
3148:
3136:
3120:
3094:
3075:
3051:
3039:
3014:
3002:
2991:. 20 July 2022
2974:
2952:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2875:
2869:
2859:
2852:
2851:
2850:
2841:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2827:
2826:Notable people
2824:
2823:
2822:
2815:
2809:
2798:
2791:
2775:
2755:al-Muhammediye
2727:Norias of Hama
2717:Norias of Hama
2715:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2689:Norias of Hama
2686:
2679:
2678:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2669:
2668:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2629:Bishop of Como
2625:
2622:
2612:
2563:
2560:
2509:Greek Orthodox
2500:
2497:
2493:
2492:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2437:sunshine hours
2432:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2390:sunshine hours
2385:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2337:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2290:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2216:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2146:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2006:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1936:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1822:
1821:
1815:
1794:
1791:
1676:
1675:Modern history
1673:
1621:Constantinople
1596:
1593:
1425:Battle of Hama
1405:Jund Qinnasrin
1364:
1361:
1239:Hadrian's Wall
1155:
1152:
1085:Numbers 34.1–9
1040:
1037:
974:
971:
888:of Hamath and
865:
862:
809:
806:
767:
766:Hittite period
764:
754:dependency of
743:
742:Mitanni period
740:
738:
735:
721:
718:
708:
705:
686:
683:
558:
557:
546:
542:
541:
536:
530:
529:
526:
520:
519:
514:
508:
507:
497:
487:
486:
476:
470:
469:
448:
442:
441:
428:
424:
423:
418:
414:
413:
410:
406:
405:
401:
400:
397:
393:
392:
389:
385:
384:
380:
379:
373:
369:
368:
363:
357:
356:
351:
345:
344:
339:
333:
332:
320:
316:
315:
308:35.133; 36.750
281:
280:
270:
264:
263:
256:
255:
249:
248:
247:
246:
237:
231:
230:
223:
222:
216:
215:
214:
213:
204:
198:
197:
190:
189:
183:
182:
181:
180:
179:
176:
175:
154:
150:
149:
136:Norias of Hama
134:Hama skyline,
131:
130:
118:
111:
104:
103:
102:
93:
86:
85:
84:
75:
74:
73:
72:
71:
70:
67:
66:
63:
60:
59:
49:
42:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9255:
9244:
9241:
9239:
9236:
9234:
9231:
9229:
9226:
9224:
9221:
9219:
9216:
9214:
9211:
9209:
9206:
9204:
9201:
9199:
9196:
9195:
9193:
9174:
9171:
9170:
9168:
9166:
9162:
9156:
9153:
9151:
9148:
9147:
9145:
9143:
9139:
9133:
9130:
9128:
9125:
9123:
9120:
9119:
9117:
9115:
9111:
9105:
9102:
9101:
9099:
9097:
9093:
9087:
9084:
9083:
9081:
9079:
9075:
9069:
9066:
9065:
9063:
9061:
9057:
9051:
9048:
9047:
9045:
9043:
9039:
9033:
9030:
9029:
9027:
9025:
9021:
9018:
9015:
9011:
9006:
8992:
8989:
8988:
8986:
8984:
8980:
8974:
8971:
8970:
8968:
8966:
8962:
8956:
8954:
8950:
8944:
8941:
8939:
8936:
8935:
8933:
8931:
8927:
8921:
8918:
8917:
8915:
8913:
8909:
8903:
8900:
8899:
8897:
8895:
8891:
8885:
8882:
8880:
8877:
8875:
8872:
8870:
8867:
8865:
8862:
8860:
8857:
8856:
8854:
8852:
8848:
8845:
8842:
8838:
8833:
8826:
8821:
8819:
8814:
8812:
8807:
8806:
8803:
8783:
8780:
8778:
8775:
8773:
8770:
8768:
8765:
8763:
8760:
8758:
8757:Rasm al-Ahmar
8755:
8753:
8750:
8748:
8745:
8743:
8740:
8738:
8735:
8733:
8730:
8728:
8725:
8723:
8720:
8718:
8715:
8713:
8710:
8708:
8705:
8703:
8700:
8698:
8695:
8693:
8690:
8688:
8685:
8683:
8680:
8678:
8675:
8673:
8672:
8668:
8667:
8665:
8659:
8653:
8650:
8648:
8645:
8643:
8640:
8638:
8635:
8633:
8630:
8628:
8625:
8623:
8620:
8618:
8615:
8613:
8610:
8608:
8605:
8603:
8600:
8598:
8595:
8593:
8590:
8588:
8585:
8583:
8582:Jubb Dakhilah
8580:
8578:
8575:
8573:
8570:
8568:
8565:
8563:
8560:
8558:
8555:
8553:
8550:
8548:
8545:
8543:
8540:
8538:
8535:
8533:
8530:
8528:
8527:
8523:
8522:
8520:
8514:
8508:
8507:Umm Khurayzah
8505:
8503:
8500:
8498:
8495:
8493:
8490:
8488:
8485:
8483:
8480:
8478:
8475:
8473:
8470:
8468:
8465:
8463:
8460:
8458:
8455:
8453:
8450:
8448:
8445:
8443:
8440:
8438:
8435:
8433:
8430:
8428:
8425:
8423:
8420:
8418:
8415:
8413:
8412:
8408:
8407:
8405:
8399:
8393:
8390:
8388:
8385:
8383:
8380:
8378:
8375:
8373:
8372:Mafkar Sharqi
8370:
8368:
8365:
8363:
8360:
8358:
8355:
8353:
8350:
8348:
8345:
8343:
8340:
8338:
8335:
8333:
8330:
8328:
8325:
8323:
8322:
8318:
8317:
8315:
8309:
8303:
8300:
8298:
8295:
8293:
8290:
8288:
8285:
8283:
8280:
8278:
8275:
8273:
8272:Tiba al-Turki
8270:
8268:
8265:
8263:
8260:
8258:
8255:
8253:
8250:
8248:
8245:
8243:
8240:
8238:
8235:
8233:
8230:
8228:
8225:
8223:
8220:
8218:
8215:
8213:
8210:
8208:
8205:
8203:
8200:
8198:
8195:
8193:
8190:
8188:
8185:
8183:
8180:
8178:
8175:
8173:
8170:
8168:
8165:
8163:
8160:
8158:
8155:
8153:
8150:
8148:
8145:
8143:
8140:
8138:
8135:
8133:
8130:
8128:
8125:
8123:
8120:
8118:
8115:
8113:
8110:
8108:
8105:
8103:
8100:
8098:
8095:
8093:
8090:
8088:
8085:
8083:
8080:
8078:
8075:
8073:
8070:
8068:
8067:
8066:
8061:
8060:
8058:
8052:
8048:
8044:
8039:
8035:
8021:
8018:
8016:
8013:
8011:
8008:
8006:
8003:
8001:
7998:
7996:
7993:
7991:
7990:
7986:
7985:
7983:
7977:
7971:
7968:
7966:
7963:
7961:
7958:
7956:
7953:
7951:
7948:
7946:
7945:
7941:
7940:
7938:
7932:
7926:
7923:
7921:
7918:
7916:
7913:
7911:
7908:
7906:
7903:
7901:
7898:
7896:
7893:
7891:
7888:
7886:
7883:
7879:
7874:
7871:
7869:
7866:
7864:
7863:Khirbet Subin
7861:
7859:
7856:
7854:
7851:
7849:
7846:
7844:
7841:
7839:
7836:
7834:
7831:
7829:
7826:
7824:
7823:
7822:
7817:
7816:
7814:
7808:
7804:
7800:
7795:
7791:
7777:
7774:
7772:
7769:
7767:
7764:
7762:
7759:
7757:
7754:
7752:
7749:
7747:
7744:
7742:
7739:
7737:
7734:
7732:
7729:
7727:
7724:
7722:
7721:Birat al-Jurd
7719:
7717:
7714:
7712:
7709:
7707:
7704:
7702:
7699:
7697:
7694:
7692:
7689:
7687:
7684:
7682:
7679:
7677:
7676:
7672:
7671:
7669:
7663:
7657:
7654:
7652:
7649:
7647:
7644:
7642:
7639:
7637:
7634:
7632:
7629:
7627:
7624:
7622:
7619:
7617:
7614:
7612:
7609:
7607:
7604:
7602:
7599:
7597:
7594:
7592:
7589:
7587:
7584:
7582:
7579:
7577:
7574:
7572:
7569:
7567:
7564:
7562:
7559:
7557:
7556:
7552:
7551:
7549:
7543:
7537:
7534:
7532:
7529:
7527:
7524:
7522:
7519:
7517:
7516:Khirbet Hazur
7514:
7512:
7509:
7507:
7504:
7502:
7499:
7497:
7494:
7492:
7489:
7487:
7484:
7482:
7479:
7477:
7474:
7472:
7469:
7467:
7464:
7462:
7459:
7457:
7456:
7452:
7451:
7449:
7443:
7437:
7434:
7432:
7429:
7427:
7424:
7422:
7419:
7417:
7414:
7412:
7409:
7407:
7406:Khirbet Nisaf
7404:
7402:
7399:
7397:
7394:
7392:
7389:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7379:
7377:
7376:
7372:
7371:
7369:
7363:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7349:
7347:
7344:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7334:
7332:
7329:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7319:
7317:
7314:
7312:
7309:
7307:
7304:
7302:
7299:
7297:
7294:
7292:
7289:
7287:
7284:
7282:
7279:
7277:
7274:
7272:
7269:
7267:
7264:
7262:
7259:
7257:
7254:
7252:
7249:
7247:
7244:
7242:
7239:
7237:
7236:Deir al-Salib
7234:
7232:
7229:
7227:
7224:
7222:
7219:
7217:
7214:
7212:
7209:
7207:
7206:al-Bayyadiyah
7204:
7202:
7199:
7197:
7194:
7192:
7191:
7187:
7186:
7184:
7178:
7174:
7170:
7165:
7161:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7137:
7134:
7132:
7129:
7127:
7124:
7122:
7119:
7117:
7114:
7112:
7109:
7107:
7104:
7102:
7099:
7097:
7094:
7092:
7089:
7087:
7084:
7082:
7079:
7077:
7074:
7072:
7069:
7067:
7064:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7054:
7052:
7049:
7047:
7044:
7042:
7039:
7037:
7034:
7032:
7029:
7027:
7026:Hawijah Fauqa
7024:
7022:
7019:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7002:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6984:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6961:
6957:
6956:
6954:
6948:
6942:
6939:
6937:
6934:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6922:
6919:
6917:
6914:
6912:
6909:
6907:
6904:
6902:
6899:
6897:
6894:
6892:
6889:
6887:
6884:
6882:
6879:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6869:
6867:
6864:
6862:
6861:Ayn al-Hamaam
6859:
6857:
6854:
6852:
6849:
6847:
6844:
6842:
6839:
6837:
6834:
6832:
6829:
6827:
6824:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6816:
6812:
6811:
6809:
6803:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6789:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6781:Nahr al-Bared
6779:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6717:
6716:
6712:
6711:
6709:
6703:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6674:
6672:
6671:Mashta Mahfuz
6669:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6642:
6641:
6637:
6636:
6634:
6628:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6611:Tell Kumbatri
6609:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6579:
6577:
6574:
6572:
6571:Rawdat al-Tar
6569:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6532:
6529:
6527:
6524:
6522:
6519:
6517:
6514:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6479:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6471:Abr Bayt Sayf
6469:
6467:
6466:
6465:
6460:
6459:
6457:
6451:
6447:
6443:
6438:
6434:
6429:
6423:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6194:
6190:
6189:
6187:
6181:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6159:al-Tulaysiyah
6157:
6155:
6154:Taybat al-Ism
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6059:
6055:
6054:
6052:
6046:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6004:Musa al-Houla
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5929:Akrad Ibrahim
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5919:
5915:
5914:
5912:
5906:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5879:Umm al-Tuyour
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5709:al-Khalidiyah
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5699:Kasun Eljabal
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5629:al-Hashimiyah
5627:
5625:
5624:Ghawr al-Assi
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5584:Awja al-Janah
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5549:
5545:
5544:
5542:
5536:
5532:
5528:
5527:Hama District
5523:
5519:
5515:
5510:
5501:
5496:
5494:
5489:
5487:
5482:
5481:
5478:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5455:al-Yaarubiyah
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5445:Urum al-Kubra
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5405:Tell al-Daman
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5160:al-Qahtaniyah
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5135:al-Nashabiyah
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5120:al-Musayfirah
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4995:Khan Shaykhun
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4965:Kafr Takharim
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4760:al-Darbasiyah
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4665:Assal al-Ward
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4615:Abu al-Thuhur
4613:
4611:
4608:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4598:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4334:
4329:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4241:
4237:
4232:
4223:
4218:
4216:
4211:
4209:
4204:
4203:
4200:
4193:
4190:
4185:
4182:
4177:
4173:
4170:
4167:
4164:
4161:
4152:
4149:
4148:
4139:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4118:
4114:
4109:
4105:
4103:1-902210-16-6
4099:
4095:
4091:
4090:
4084:
4080:
4076:
4075:
4069:
4065:
4063:9789004098961
4059:
4055:
4054:
4048:
4044:
4042:1-884964-03-6
4038:
4035:, Routledge,
4034:
4033:
4027:
4023:
4021:9783906766904
4017:
4013:
4008:
4003:
4002:
3995:
3991:
3989:9781473860834
3985:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3957:9781576079195
3953:
3949:
3948:
3942:
3938:
3934:
3933:"Cambyses II"
3929:
3927:
3922:
3921:
3916:
3910:
3909:public domain
3901:
3900:
3888:
3883:
3877:. pp.781–804.
3876:
3871:
3864:
3860:
3855:
3848:
3843:
3834:
3832:
3822:
3820:
3810:
3801:
3794:
3788:
3779:
3763:
3756:
3750:
3735:
3731:
3725:
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3706:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3679:
3664:
3660:
3654:
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3634:
3628:
3620:
3614:
3610:
3609:
3601:
3585:
3581:
3575:
3569:
3565:
3549:
3545:
3539:
3530:
3528:
3526:
3516:
3507:
3501:
3497:
3496:
3488:
3479:
3477:
3475:
3465:
3456:
3454:
3444:
3437:
3433:
3430:
3425:
3416:
3409:
3408:Whitaker 2008
3404:
3395:
3386:
3377:
3375:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3367:
3365:
3363:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3348:
3344:
3338:
3331:
3326:
3318:
3317:romanarmy.net
3314:
3313:"The Hamians"
3308:
3300:
3293:
3287:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3263:
3262:topostext.org
3259:
3253:
3251:
3243:
3238:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3222:2 Kings 14:25
3218:
3211:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3192:
3188:
3187:
3179:
3172:
3165:
3158:
3152:
3145:
3144:Grainger 2016
3140:
3133:
3130:
3124:
3108:
3104:
3098:
3091:
3087:
3084:
3079:
3072:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3046:
3044:
3027:
3021:
3019:
3011:
3006:
2990:
2989:
2984:
2978:
2962:
2956:
2940:
2934:
2930:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2915:Hama massacre
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2892:
2887:
2883:
2881:
2857:
2856:
2830:
2829:
2820:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2796:
2792:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2780:
2776:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2764:
2763:
2762:
2758:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2743:Orontes river
2740:
2732:
2728:
2718:
2712:
2700:
2690:
2683:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2660:Neighborhoods
2654:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2626:
2623:
2620:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2603:
2601:
2600:Homs (Emesus)
2597:
2593:
2592:Greek Melkite
2589:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2559:
2557:
2553:
2548:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2525:Sunni Muslims
2521:
2519:
2510:
2505:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2433:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:Mean monthly
2386:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2338:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2291:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2222:
2221:precipitation
2217:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2147:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2077:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2007:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1937:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1867:
1823:
1818:
1814:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1790:
1788:
1784:
1778:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1759:1981 massacre
1756:
1751:
1748:
1744:
1739:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1724:
1720:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1705:Allied Forces
1702:
1694:
1689:
1681:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1656:
1654:
1650:
1649:caravansaries
1646:
1642:
1641:Mediterranean
1638:
1634:
1633:
1628:
1627:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1613:Ottoman Turks
1606:
1601:
1592:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1577:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1472:
1468:
1466:
1465:Nasir Khusraw
1462:
1459:sacked Hama.
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1441:
1437:
1432:
1430:
1429:Syrian Desert
1426:
1422:
1419:defeated the
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1373:
1369:
1360:
1358:
1354:
1346:
1345:Ancient Greek
1338:
1337:Ancient Greek
1329:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1281:(AD 122) and
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1263:Antonine Wall
1260:
1259:Bar Hill Fort
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1211:
1209:
1201:
1200:Ancient Greek
1197:
1193:
1189:
1184:
1180:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1053:Genesis 10:18
1050:
1046:
1036:
1034:
1031:known as the
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1002:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
970:
968:
964:
960:
955:
953:
949:
945:
940:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
921:Ben-Hadad III
918:
914:
910:
905:
903:
899:
895:
894:Aram-Damascus
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
861:
858:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
805:
803:
799:
794:
792:
788:
784:
783:Ancient Egypt
780:
775:
773:
763:
761:
757:
753:
749:
734:
732:
731:Halaf culture
727:
717:
715:
704:
702:
698:
692:
682:
680:
676:
672:
667:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
632:Orontes River
628:
616:
610:
604:
598:
589:
584:
579:
577:
568:
564:
555:
547:
543:
540:
537:
535:
531:
527:
525:
521:
518:City code: 33
515:
513:
509:
505:
501:
498:
494:
488:
484:
480:
477:
475:
471:
467:
461:
452:
449:
447:
443:
440:
436:
432:
429:
425:
422:
419:
415:
411:
407:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
381:
378:
374:
372:First settled
370:
367:
364:
362:
358:
355:
354:Hama District
352:
350:
346:
343:
340:
338:
334:
331:
326:
321:
317:
312:
284:Coordinates:
282:
253:
220:
187:
177:
166:
151:
145:
141:
137:
122:
115:
108:
97:
90:
79:
68:
61:
47:
41:
37:
30:
19:
9172:
9164:
9042:Unqi-Pattina
8832:Syro-Hittite
8772:Shaykh Hilal
8732:Jubb Khasara
8687:Abu al-Qusur
8669:
8627:Rasm Elahmar
8622:Rasm al-Abid
8524:
8502:Tell al-Shih
8497:Tell al-Ghir
8417:Abu Khanadiq
8409:
8377:Salam Gharbi
8362:al-Khurayjah
8321:Barri Sharqi
8319:
8292:Umm Tuwaynah
8267:Thayl al-Jal
8242:Tell Khaznah
8063:
8062:
8020:Shaykh Hadid
8010:al-Lataminah
7987:
7942:
7819:
7818:
7766:al-Sindiyana
7696:Ayn al-Karam
7686:Ayn al-Bayda
7675:Wadi al-Uyun
7673:
7665:Wadi al-Uyun
7553:
7536:Tin al-Sabil
7531:Qasr al-Ayan
7526:al-Mashrafah
7461:Ayn al-Shams
7453:
7373:
7351:al-Zamaliyah
7316:al-Shamsiyah
7261:Jobet Kalakh
7188:
7076:Midan Ghazal
7051:Kafr Nabudah
6958:
6926:al-Sindiyana
6836:Awja al-Tuba
6813:
6731:Al-Asharinah
6713:
6661:Jubb al-Ghar
6638:
6591:Saqiyat Najm
6566:Qalaat Jaras
6491:Ayn al-Kurum
6462:
6461:
6344:Rasm al-Ward
6309:Maar Shamali
6279:Jubb al-Safa
6191:
6169:Zor Abu Zayd
6164:Umm Haratayn
6056:
5984:Khirbet Aref
5916:
5864:Tell al-Nahr
5719:Maar Daftein
5574:Amarat Aslan
5547:
5546:
5450:Wadi al-Oyun
5290:al-Shaddadah
5175:al-Qaryatayn
5125:al-Mushannaf
4925:al-Jawadiyah
4905:al-Janudiyah
4885:Ibbin Samaan
4830:al-Hamidiyah
4720:Bir al-Helou
4705:Barri Sharqi
4675:Ayn al-Fijah
4601:Sub-district
4516:Ra's al-'Ayn
4446:al-Malikiyah
4272:
4158:(in English)
4137:
4112:
4088:
4073:
4052:
4031:
4011:
3999:
3979:
3969:
3950:, ABC-CLIO,
3946:
3936:
3918:
3896:Bibliography
3882:
3874:
3870:
3862:
3854:
3846:
3842:
3809:
3800:
3792:
3787:
3778:
3766:. Retrieved
3761:
3749:
3737:. Retrieved
3724:
3712:. Retrieved
3692:
3688:
3678:
3666:. Retrieved
3662:
3653:
3641:. Retrieved
3636:
3627:
3607:
3600:
3588:. Retrieved
3584:the original
3574:
3564:
3552:. Retrieved
3544:Larbi Sadiki
3538:
3515:
3494:
3487:
3464:
3443:
3424:
3415:
3403:
3394:
3385:
3346:
3343:"SOL Search"
3337:
3325:
3316:
3307:
3298:
3286:
3261:
3237:
3217:
3208:
3185:
3178:
3170:
3164:
3156:
3151:
3139:
3131:
3128:
3123:
3111:. Retrieved
3106:
3097:
3078:
3070:
3030:. Retrieved
3005:
2993:. Retrieved
2986:
2977:
2965:. Retrieved
2955:
2943:. Retrieved
2933:
2877:
2854:
2819:Great Mosque
2811:
2794:
2777:
2767:
2760:
2759:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2724:
2605:
2604:
2565:
2549:
2522:
2514:
2499:Demographics
2223:mm (inches)
1796:
1779:
1752:
1740:
1725:
1721:
1698:
1683:General view
1657:
1644:
1630:
1624:
1610:
1595:Ottoman rule
1574:
1559:
1556:
1477:
1449:Great Mosque
1433:
1401:al-Muqaddasi
1395:
1376:
1334:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1291:
1246:
1241:in northern
1230:
1218:
1212:
1195:
1176:
1157:
1133:
1109:first temple
1101:1 Kings 8:65
1042:
1014:
1003:
976:
961:(located in
956:
941:
906:
881:
877:
867:
837:
829:
822:Hebrew Bible
811:
795:
776:
769:
745:
726:Chalcolithic
723:
720:Chalcolithic
714:Ras Shamra V
710:
694:
668:
573:
562:
561:
512:Area code(s)
40:
9096:Bit Bahiani
9060:Bit Gabbari
8682:Abu al-Ghor
8663:Subdistrict
8518:Subdistrict
8442:Jubb Zurayq
8432:al-Judaydah
8403:Subdistrict
8382:Tell al-Tut
8357:al-Hardanah
8332:Abu Habilat
8313:Subdistrict
8287:Umm al-Amad
8157:Marj Mattar
8107:Fan Wastani
8056:Subdistrict
7981:Subdistrict
7936:Subdistrict
7910:Tell Sikkin
7853:al-Judaydah
7828:Abu Ubaydah
7812:Subdistrict
7716:Bir al-Wadi
7706:Bayt Raqata
7667:Subdistrict
7571:Deir Shamil
7555:Jubb Ramlah
7547:Subdistrict
7545:Jubb Ramlah
7496:al-Dulaybah
7455:Ain Halaqim
7447:Subdistrict
7445:Ayn Halaqim
7367:Subdistrict
7341:Tayr Jubbah
7336:Tayr Jamlah
7331:al-Suwaydah
7251:al-Haylunah
7226:Deir Huwayt
7182:Subdistrict
7136:al-Thuwarah
7126:Tell Huwash
7121:al-Sha'irah
7021:al-Hurriyah
7016:al-Humayrat
6991:Deir Sunbul
6981:Bab al-Taqa
6976:al-Aziziyah
6952:Subdistrict
6807:Subdistrict
6786:Ras al-Jurn
6741:Ayn al-Jurn
6715:Tell Salhab
6707:Subdistrict
6705:Tell Salhab
6681:Na'ur Jurin
6632:Subdistrict
6561:Nabi al-Tib
6496:Ayn Waridah
6455:Subdistrict
6185:Subdistrict
6079:al-Junaynah
6074:Fan Shamali
6050:Subdistrict
5910:Subdistrict
5874:Umm al-Amad
5869:Tell Qartal
5814:Shihat Hama
5734:al-Mubattan
5729:Maar Shuhur
5694:Kafr al-Tun
5540:Subdistrict
5420:Tell Salhab
5415:Tell Rifaat
5215:al-Ruhaybah
5100:al-Masmiyah
5075:al-Mansurah
4935:Jubb Ramlah
4915:al-Jarniyah
4795:al-Ghariyah
4765:Deir Atiyah
4690:Ayn al-Nasr
4680:Ayn Halaqim
4546:al-Sanamayn
4511:al-Qutayfah
4366:Ayn al-Arab
4308:Rif Dimashq
4268:Deir ez-Zor
4244:Governorate
4187:(in Arabic)
4179:(in Arabic)
4154:(in Arabic)
4014:, P. Lang,
3689:Meteorol. Z
3258:"ToposText"
2897:Asia portal
2812:al-Hasanain
2802:Abu al-Fida
2735:نواعير حماة
2672:Main sights
2602:and Hamah.
2572:titular see
2554:, known as
2435:Mean daily
1783:Tell Salhab
1773:during the
1701:World War I
1693:clock tower
1661:Azem Palace
1605:Azem Palace
1576:Ibn Battuta
1544:Abu al-Fida
1463:geographer
1399:geographer
1377:During the
1363:Muslim rule
1279:Stannington
1275:Housesteads
1172:Cambyses II
1158:In 539 BC,
1140:Isaiah 10:9
1117:Jeroboam II
1105:Lebo-Hamath
1017:Elephantine
942:In 743 BC,
824:as Hamath (
787:Ramesses II
431:Sunni Islam
361:Subdistrict
337:Governorate
306: /
271:Hama (Asia)
158:أم النواعير
140:Azem Palace
9192:Categories
9086:Til Barsip
8991:Carchemish
8983:Carchemish
8777:al-Suwayah
8697:Aniq Bajra
8677:Abu Hurayk
8577:Jubb Abyad
8387:Tell Jadid
8327:Abu Hanaya
8247:Tell Sinan
8232:Tell Dahab
8212:Shaykh Rih
8202:Shaykh Ali
8015:al-Mughayr
8000:al-Jalamah
7905:Tell Malah
7900:Safsafiyah
7833:Abu Rubays
7771:Tamarqiyah
7691:Ayn Farraj
7591:Julaymadun
7491:Bayt Natar
7471:Asheq Omar
7436:Zor Baarin
7401:Kafr Kamra
7241:al-Findara
7146:al-Zitiyah
7141:al-Tuwayni
7086:al-Qahirah
7081:Qabr Fidda
6966:Ashrafiyah
6931:Tell Wasit
6921:Sirmaniyah
6916:al-Safsafa
6815:Al-Ziyarah
6761:al-Kashati
6721:Abu Qubays
6656:Haydariyah
6646:Ayn Jurjin
6476:Abu Klifun
6404:al-Zughbah
6399:Umm Zahmak
6259:Haymaniyah
6224:Baroudiyah
5979:Kafr Qadah
5964:al-Humayri
5918:Hirbnafsah
5908:Hirbnafsah
5899:Zor Taqsis
5794:al-Ruqaita
5689:Kafr Buhum
5669:Jumaqliyah
5619:al-Daminah
5569:al-Alamein
5559:Abu Mansaf
5554:Abu Dardah
5465:az-Ziyarah
5425:Tell Tamer
5410:Tell Hamis
5395:al-Tamanah
5375:al-Sukhnah
5295:al-Shajara
5240:al-Sabkhah
5180:al-Qurayya
5140:al-Nasirah
5070:al-Malihah
4990:al-Khafsah
4975:al-Karamah
4955:Kafr Batna
4845:Harbnafsah
4750:Darat Izza
4660:al-Asharah
4645:al-Arishah
4610:Abu Qilqil
4581:al-Thawrah
4576:Tell Abyad
4391:Dayr Hafir
4313:as-Suwayda
4278:al-Hasakah
4129:See also:
3668:16 January
3643:16 January
3330:Bruce 1867
3205:1117508771
3113:4 February
2926:References
2880:media help
2786:after the
2784:Nur ad-Din
2751:al-Mamunye
2749:s are the
2487:Source 2:
2295:(≥ 1.0 mm)
1548:Israelites
1499:Nur al-Din
1438:rulers of
1421:Qarmatians
1417:Al-Muktafi
1283:Ravenglass
1196:Epiphaneia
1162:, King of
1119:, king of
1067:, king of
1061:King David
933:Baalshamin
737:Bronze Age
689:See also:
675:irrigation
446:Demonym(s)
404:Population
383:Government
9150:Hatarikka
9114:Bit Agusi
9078:Bit Adini
8782:Umm Mayal
8762:Rasm Amun
8727:Jakuziyah
8607:Na'imiyah
8602:Mashrafah
8537:Abu Hakfa
8526:Uqayribat
8516:Uqayribat
8477:Samiriyah
8177:al-Rubbah
8142:Khunayfis
8102:Fan Qibli
8072:Ali Kasun
8065:Salamiyah
8054:Salamiyah
7965:al-Sayyad
7955:Hamamiyat
7944:Kafr Zita
7934:Kafr Zita
7885:al-Majdal
7878:al-Qubeir
7868:Khunayzir
7741:Kamaliyah
7736:Kafr Laha
7681:Ammuriyah
7646:Uqayrabah
7641:Sulukiyah
7621:Mushashin
7521:al-Majawi
7486:Bayt Atiq
7356:al-Zaynah
7346:Tell Afar
7311:al-Rusafa
7271:al-Laqbah
7266:Kafr Aqid
7256:al-Hurayf
7231:Deir Mama
7216:al-Bustan
7116:Shahranaz
7111:Sahariyah
7106:Salihiyah
7096:al-Ramlah
7066:al-Kurkat
7046:al-Jayyid
7011:al-Hawash
6996:al-Huwayz
6891:al-Qahira
6831:al-Ankawi
6726:Abu Faraj
6601:al-Shajar
6576:al-Rihana
6389:Umm Habes
6249:Halabiyah
6193:Al-Hamraa
5974:al-Jafiah
5784:al-Rabiaa
5769:al-Nazaza
5764:Al-Narjis
5754:Mubarakat
5684:Kafr Amim
5460:al-Zirbah
5440:Uqayribat
5210:al-Riqama
5155:al-Qadmus
5105:al-Mazraa
5030:al-Kiswah
4980:al-Kasrah
4970:Kafr Zita
4960:Kafr Nabl
4880:al-Huwash
4835:al-Hamraa
4790:Ghandoura
4785:Ghabaghib
4775:al-Dumayr
4710:Beit Jinn
4640:al-Ariqah
4566:Talkalakh
4536:Salamiyah
4526:as-Safira
4521:al-Rastan
4506:al-Qusayr
4431:Jarabulus
4411:al-Haffah
4401:Duraykish
4346:Abu Kamal
4056:, BRILL,
3498:. Brill.
3173:. 25:1. )
2995:15 August
2945:3 January
2739:Byzantine
2576:suffragan
2556:Hama camp
1801:(BSk) in
1799:semi-arid
1789:village.
1581:Timurlane
1570:Salamiyah
1491:Toghtekin
1483:Crusaders
1457:Mirdasids
1387:Jund Hims
1298:Byzantine
1294:Byzantium
1287:Catterick
1204:Ἐπιφάνεια
1168:Eber-Nari
1113:Jerusalem
1065:Hadadezer
1051:kingdom (
1049:Canaanite
1006:Sargon II
983:Ilu-Bi'di
923:, son of
890:Hadadezer
838:Amatuwana
760:Euphrates
748:cuneiform
707:Neolithic
697:Neolithic
597:romanized
474:Time zone
460:romanized
396:Elevation
9024:Palistin
9014:Aramaean
8938:Karatepe
8884:Ištuanda
8737:Makharib
8707:Baghadid
8637:Ruwaydah
8592:Makhbuta
8552:Dakhilah
8532:Abu Dali
8467:Qubaybat
8462:Qanafath
8411:Sabburah
8401:Sabburah
8352:Furaytan
8342:Arshunah
8297:al-Uwayr
8227:Tell Ada
8222:Sunaydah
8182:al-Sabil
8167:Qablahat
8152:al-Malih
8147:Kaytalun
8137:Khafiyah
8127:al-Kafat
8112:al-Ghawi
8097:Duwaybah
8087:Dunaybah
8082:Buwaydah
8077:Bardunah
7995:al-Asman
7970:al-Zakah
7920:Zilaqiat
7858:Kafr Hud
7821:Mahardah
7810:Mahardah
7761:Qussiyah
7711:Barayzah
7636:Sarmiyah
7626:Qurayyat
7616:Mahrusah
7561:Alamiyah
7476:Ba'amrah
7466:Aq Duqar
7411:Khanazir
7391:Bishanin
7321:al-Shiha
7301:Qurtuman
7286:al-Nahda
7221:Biqasqas
7201:al-Bayda
7101:al-Rasif
7056:al-Karim
7006:al-Hamra
6986:al-Barid
6941:al-Zaqum
6911:Qulaydin
6841:al-Bahsa
6821:al-Amara
6771:al-Latma
6676:Maradash
6581:Saidiyah
6511:al-Hurra
6501:Ballunah
6379:Tulayhat
6349:Ruhayyah
6334:Rasm Anz
6319:Qasr Ali
6299:Maaloula
6284:Junaynah
6264:al-Hazim
6219:Aziziyah
6199:Abu Ajwa
6119:Masasneh
6109:Maarkaba
6069:Buwaydah
6014:al-Rawda
6009:Qufaylun
5949:al-Biyah
5824:Surayhin
5819:Shiraaya
5759:Muraywid
5609:al-Buraq
5385:Talbiseh
5380:al-Tabni
5370:al-Susah
5360:al-Suwar
5340:Sirghaya
5255:Saidnaya
5230:Sabburah
5185:Qurqania
5130:Muzayrib
5110:Muhambal
5095:Maskanah
5050:Maaloula
5040:Maabatli
5015:Khanaser
4940:Jindires
4910:Jaramana
4900:al-Jalaa
4875:Huraytan
4855:al-Hirak
4820:al-Hajib
4805:al-Hader
4770:al-Dimas
4735:Busayrah
4685:Ayn Issa
4620:Akhtarin
4591:Zabadani
4486:Qamishli
4337:District
4298:Quneitra
4258:Damascus
4172:Archived
4117:ABC-CLIO
3968:(1867),
3865:. p.lxi.
3768:26 April
3739:26 April
3714:1 August
3432:Archived
3103:"Hamath"
3086:Archived
2836:See also
2772:Maryamin
2430:3,071.3
2340:Average
2288:(13.89)
2219:Average
1934:(113.4)
1914:(108.0)
1909:(113.0)
1904:(113.4)
1899:(107.6)
1894:(105.8)
1785:area in
1747:uprising
1653:Turkoman
1561:madrasas
1535:defeated
1453:Fatimids
1436:Hamdanid
1391:Umayyads
1306:Emathoùs
1267:Scotland
1183:Hellenic
1148:Amos 6:2
1129:Dead Sea
1045:Biblical
1043:The few
995:Damascus
886:Irhuleni
814:Aramaean
808:Iron Age
781:against
772:Hittites
701:Iron Age
656:Damascus
640:Damascus
349:District
165:Abulfeda
163:City of
9127:Nampigi
9050:Kinalua
9032:Kinalua
8953:Hilakku
8894:Kammanu
8879:Šinuḫtu
8874:Ḫubišna
8742:Mawilah
8722:Ithriya
8702:al-Ayah
8671:Al-Saan
8562:Hanutah
8487:Shuhayb
8457:Mabujah
8437:Jadduah
8392:Umm Mil
8302:Zighrin
8252:Taldara
8197:Shakara
8005:Jubbayn
7950:Arba'in
7915:Tremseh
7890:Shaizar
7873:Maarzaf
7843:Halfaya
7838:al-Arid
7776:Zaytuna
7751:Maysara
7701:Bashawi
7596:Jarajis
7481:Barshin
7431:Ta'unah
7426:Qasraya
7326:Sighata
7246:Hayalin
7211:Biqraqa
7091:Qiratah
6971:al-Bani
6881:Maarana
6876:Mansura
6846:Barakah
6805:Ziyarah
6756:Kanayes
6746:Hawayeq
6651:Farikah
6640:Shathah
6630:Shathah
6621:Uwaynah
6546:Khansaa
6531:Karamah
6521:Hayalin
6481:Ammurin
6374:Tharwat
6369:Tarfawi
6314:Qanater
6294:Kharsan
6144:Shatheh
6104:Maardis
6089:Khafsin
6019:Suma'ah
5999:al-Muah
5854:Tishrin
5799:Safinah
5774:Qamhana
5674:Juziyah
5654:Jarjisa
5649:Jarjara
5644:Jahiyah
5604:Besirin
5345:Slinfah
5310:Shathah
5305:Sharran
5265:Saraqib
5250:Sahnaya
5220:al-Saan
5115:Muhasan
5085:Markada
5000:Khasham
4950:al-Qabu
4945:al-Jiza
4870:al-Hawl
4840:Harasta
4810:Hadidah
4780:Furqlus
4755:Darkush
4745:al-Dana
4715:Binnish
4695:Babbila
4650:Armanaz
4603:centres
4586:Yabroud
4571:al-Tall
4541:Salkhad
4501:Qudsaya
4491:Qardaha
4481:Palmyra
4476:an-Nabk
4466:Mhardeh
4461:Mayadin
4386:Darayya
4381:Baniyas
4339:centres
4293:Latakia
4246:centres
3915:Hamatha
3911::
3697:Bibcode
3590:31 July
3554:31 July
2806:Ayyubid
2795:al-Izzi
2779:al-Nuri
2596:Labroud
2584:Lequien
2543:or the
2537:Turkmen
2511:church.
2283:(2.62)
2278:(1.57)
2273:(0.84)
2268:(0.07)
2263:(0.00)
2258:(0.02)
2253:(0.15)
2248:(0.41)
2243:(1.27)
2238:(1.94)
2233:(2.14)
2228:(2.85)
2214:(17.1)
2209:(22.1)
2204:(25.3)
2199:(36.0)
2194:(49.1)
2189:(57.2)
2184:(58.5)
2179:(51.1)
2174:(42.6)
2169:(31.1)
2164:(26.6)
2159:(18.9)
2154:(17.1)
2144:(51.6)
2139:(38.7)
2134:(43.9)
2129:(54.3)
2124:(62.8)
2119:(68.2)
2114:(68.4)
2109:(63.3)
2104:(55.2)
2099:(47.8)
2094:(41.7)
2089:(37.9)
2084:(37.2)
2074:(63.5)
2069:(46.2)
2064:(54.9)
2059:(66.7)
2054:(77.5)
2049:(82.2)
2044:(82.8)
2039:(78.4)
2034:(70.0)
2029:(60.6)
2024:(52.9)
2019:(46.9)
2014:(43.9)
2004:(76.5)
1999:(55.6)
1994:(67.5)
1989:(81.7)
1984:(92.8)
1979:(97.2)
1974:(97.2)
1969:(92.8)
1964:(84.7)
1959:(73.6)
1954:(64.2)
1949:(56.8)
1944:(52.5)
1929:(77.4)
1924:(87.8)
1919:(99.7)
1889:(97.2)
1884:(82.4)
1879:(73.6)
1874:(68.0)
1793:Climate
1703:to the
1695:of Hama
1637:Tripoli
1589:Baalbek
1539:Mamluks
1531:Mongols
1523:Ayyubid
1515:Saladin
1511:minaret
1487:Seljuks
1461:Persian
1423:in the
1409:Abbasid
1407:during
1310:Εμαθούς
1261:on the
1243:Britain
1089:Solomon
991:Simirra
898:Aramean
849:
834:Hittite
826:Aramaic
756:Mitanni
752:Amorite
699:to the
685:History
611:
603:ħ(ə)mɑθ
599::
545:Website
534:Climate
524:Geocode
462::
421:Syrians
412:996,000
319:Country
294:36°45′E
291:35°08′N
9243:Levant
9173:Hamath
9165:Hamath
9155:Shuksi
9142:Luhuti
9104:Guzana
9068:Sam'al
9016:states
8973:Marqas
8965:Gurgum
8958:
8920:Samsat
8912:Kummuh
8864:Tuwana
8843:states
8841:Luwian
8752:Rahjan
8652:Tahmaz
8617:Qastal
8587:Jayruh
8567:Haddaj
8482:Shahba
8447:Jissin
8427:Fawrah
8422:Aqarib
8262:Thawra
8192:Samnah
8187:Safawi
8122:Jamala
8117:Halban
7989:Karnaz
7979:Karnaz
7960:Latmin
7731:Jabita
7651:Zahraa
7611:Maarin
7601:Kanafu
7586:Hizanu
7581:Hanjur
7566:Asilah
7501:Hermel
7421:Qarmas
7386:Baarin
7381:Akakir
7296:Qayrun
7196:Anbura
7190:Masyaf
7180:Masyaf
6936:Zayzun
6906:Qastun
6896:Qarqur
6886:Mashik
6851:Duqmaq
6791:Tamaza
6776:Mazhal
6766:Khareb
6696:Rihana
6596:Shahta
6551:Maksar
6209:al-Anz
6204:al-Ala
6183:Hamraa
6099:Lahaya
6084:Kawkab
6064:Atshan
6039:Zara'a
6034:Toumin
5969:Jidrin
5954:Bulous
5884:Zabada
5859:Tuwaym
5849:Tayzin
5844:Taqsis
5804:Samrah
5789:Raabun
5749:Matnin
5739:Madbaa
5714:Khitab
5679:Kafraa
5659:Jibrin
5614:Billin
5564:Adabas
5435:Thiban
5390:Taldou
5335:Sinjar
5300:Shaqqa
5280:Sawran
5275:Sarrin
5270:Sarmin
5260:Salqin
5225:Saasaa
5205:al-Rai
5195:Rankus
5055:Madaya
5045:Maadan
5005:Kirnaz
4985:Kessab
4895:Jayrud
4865:Hisyah
4730:Bulbul
4630:Arbeen
4551:Shahba
4531:Safita
4496:Qatana
4456:Masyaf
4451:Manbij
4426:Jableh
4376:al-Bab
4361:Atarib
4356:Arihah
4318:Tartus
4253:Aleppo
4100:
4060:
4039:
4018:
3986:
3954:
3615:
3502:
3203:
3193:
3032:3 June
3012:. PBS.
2967:13 May
2941:. cbss
2731:Arabic
2580:Apamea
2535:, and
2427:130.2
2424:192.0
2421:257.3
2418:312.0
2415:356.5
2412:387.5
2409:366.0
2406:325.5
2403:249.0
2400:217.0
2397:151.2
2394:127.1
1825:Month
1787:Khareb
1736:Ba'ath
1632:eyalet
1566:norias
1507:mosque
1503:Zengid
1501:, the
1440:Aleppo
1255:Malton
1235:Magnis
1223:Pompey
1215:Romans
1136:Isaiah
1125:Arabah
1121:Israel
1010:Nimrud
999:Samara
997:, and
963:Urartu
959:Ullaba
952:Tigris
937:Sam'al
929:Hazrak
925:Hazael
919:under
917:Sam'al
913:Luhuti
909:Zakkur
882:Hamata
874:Aramea
785:under
679:norias
677:, the
660:Aleppo
588:Syriac
571:حَمَاة
567:Arabic
552:.ehama
451:Arabic
55:حَمَاة
18:Hamath
9132:Halab
9122:Arpad
8943:Adana
8902:Melid
8869:Atuna
8859:Tabal
8851:Tabal
8767:Sarha
8597:Masud
8472:Salba
8337:Akash
8311:Barri
8257:Tirad
8217:Smakh
8207:Sibaa
8132:Karim
8092:Danin
7848:Huwat
7756:Naqir
7746:Marha
7631:Qurin
7416:Nisaf
7281:Matna
7061:Kawri
6866:Fawru
6796:Tubah
6666:Jurin
6586:Salba
6506:Breij
6364:Suruj
6329:Rabda
6244:Fayda
6229:Bayud
6124:Murak
6114:Ma'an
6058:Suran
6048:Suran
6024:Talaf
5944:Bisin
5939:Birin
5924:Aqrab
5704:Khala
5664:Jinan
5599:Bayad
5594:Bahra
5579:Arzah
5430:Tedef
5400:Tasil
5365:Suran
5350:Suluk
5285:Sebei
5245:Sadad
5170:Qarah
5080:Mare'
5065:Malah
5060:Mahin
4920:Jasim
4890:Ihsim
4825:Hajin
4740:Da'el
4725:Bosra
4700:Banan
4655:Arwad
4635:Arima
4625:Amuda
4421:Izra'
4416:Harem
4396:Douma
4351:Afrin
4303:Raqqa
4288:Idlib
4263:Daraa
3758:(PDF)
3510:p.25.
3295:(PDF)
2747:noria
2533:Kurds
2529:Arabs
2465:10.4
2462:11.5
2459:12.5
2456:12.2
2453:10.5
2335:49.2
2286:352.7
1864:Year
1645:khans
1626:liwas
1314:Greek
1302:Emath
1127:(the
1081:Moses
1069:Zobah
1021:Aswan
987:Arpad
857:Ḥămāṯ
847:חֲמָת
789:near
636:Syria
627:Ḥămāṯ
619:חֲמָת
576:Ḥamāh
528:C2987
500:UTC+3
479:UTC+2
466:Ḥamwi
375:1500
330:Syria
36:Hamas
9198:Hama
8930:Quwê
8692:Amya
8661:Saan
8642:Suha
8277:Tuba
8162:Nawa
7895:Shir
7656:Zawi
7576:Dimu
7306:Rabu
6486:Anab
6239:Duma
6234:Dali
6214:Arfa
5934:Baja
5809:Sawa
5589:Ayyo
5548:Hama
5538:Hama
5330:Shin
5190:Rajo
5150:Nubl
5145:Nawa
4860:Hish
4371:Azaz
4283:Homs
4273:Hama
4163:e.sy
4098:ISBN
4058:ISBN
4037:ISBN
4016:ISBN
3984:ISBN
3952:ISBN
3770:2017
3741:2017
3716:2013
3670:2021
3645:2021
3613:ISBN
3592:2011
3556:2011
3500:ISBN
3226:NKJV
3201:OCLC
3191:ISBN
3171:Iraq
3115:2013
3034:2013
2997:2022
2969:2024
2947:2024
2817:The
2768:Azem
2666:Kazo
2477:8.4
2474:4.2
2471:6.4
2468:8.3
2450:8.3
2447:7.0
2444:5.4
2441:4.1
2344:(%)
2332:9.0
2329:5.1
2326:2.8
2323:0.3
2320:0.0
2317:0.0
2314:0.3
2311:1.8
2308:4.5
2305:7.4
2302:8.1
2299:9.9
2281:66.5
2276:40.0
2271:21.4
2246:10.3
2241:32.3
2236:49.3
2231:54.3
2226:72.5
2212:−8.3
2207:−5.5
2202:−3.7
2187:14.0
2182:14.7
2177:10.6
2167:−0.5
2162:−3.0
2157:−7.3
2152:−8.3
2142:10.9
2127:12.4
2122:17.1
2117:20.1
2112:20.2
2107:17.4
2102:12.9
2072:17.5
2062:12.7
2057:19.3
2052:25.3
2047:27.9
2042:28.2
2037:25.8
2032:21.1
2027:15.9
2022:11.6
2002:24.7
1997:13.1
1992:19.7
1987:27.6
1982:33.8
1977:36.2
1972:36.2
1967:33.8
1962:29.3
1957:23.1
1952:17.9
1947:13.8
1942:11.4
1932:45.2
1927:25.2
1922:31.0
1917:37.6
1912:42.2
1907:45.0
1902:45.2
1897:42.0
1892:41.0
1887:36.2
1882:28.0
1877:23.1
1872:20.0
1861:Dec
1858:Nov
1855:Oct
1852:Sep
1849:Aug
1846:Jul
1843:Jun
1840:May
1837:Apr
1834:Mar
1831:Feb
1828:Jan
1811:Homs
1691:The
1603:The
1587:and
1585:Homs
1397:Arab
1219:Hama
1213:The
1144:Amos
1131:)".
1025:Jews
878:Amat
791:Homs
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