693:
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Fernández, Yanga R.; Wellnitz, Dennis D.; Buie, Marc W.; Dunham, Edward W.; Millis, Robert L.; Nye, Ralph A.; Stansberry, John A.; Wasserman, Lawrence H.; a'Hearn, Michael F.; Lisse, Carey M.; Golden, Meg E.; Person, Michael J.; Howell, Robert R.; Marcialis, Robert L.; Spitale, Joseph N. (1999). "The
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in late 1997 and early 1998 showed a double peak in the brightness of the nucleus, controversy still exists over whether such observations can only be explained by a binary nucleus. The discovery of the satellite was not confirmed by other observations. Also, while comets have been observed to break
617:
observers than it had been in the northern hemisphere, but southerners could see the comet gradually fade from view during the second half of 1997. The last naked-eye observations were reported in
December 1997, which meant that the comet had remained visible without aid for 569 days, or about
1068:
to fully explain the observed pattern of comet Hale–Bopp's dust emission observed in
October 1995. The paper was based on theoretical analysis, and did not claim an observational detection of the proposed satellite nucleus, but estimated that it would have a diameter of about 30 km, with the
550:
in May 1996, and although its rate of brightening slowed considerably during the latter half of that year, scientists were still cautiously optimistic that it would become very bright. It was too closely aligned with the Sun to be observable during
December 1996, but when it reappeared in January
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or "Planet X", a giant planet whose close passage would disrupt the Earth's rotation, causing global cataclysm. Her original date for the apocalypse was May 2003, which passed without incident, but various conspiracy websites continued to predict the coming of Nibiru, most of whom tied it to the
1038:
has a sublimation temperature of 16–20 K and was found to be depleted more than 25 times relative to the solar abundance, while argon with its higher sublimation temperature was enriched relative to the solar abundance. Together these observations indicate that the interior of Hale–Bopp has
906:
Hale–Bopp showed the highest ever linear polarization detected for any comet. Such polarization is the result of solar radiation getting scattered by the dust particles in the coma of the comet and depends on the nature of the grains. It further confirms that the dust grains in the coma of comet
1137:
Several astronomers, including Alan Hale, stated that the object was simply the 8.5-magnitude star SAO141894. They noted that the star did not appear on
Shramek's computer program because the user preferences were set incorrectly. Art Bell claimed to have obtained an image of the object from an
1055:
Comet Hale–Bopp's activity and outgassing were not spread uniformly over its nucleus, but instead came from several specific jets. Observations of the material streaming away from these jets allowed astronomers to measure the rotation period of the comet, which was found to be about 11 hours 46
851:
The estimated probability of Hale–Bopp's striking Earth in future passages through the inner Solar System is remote, about 2.5×10 per orbit. However, given that the comet nucleus is around 60 km in diameter, the consequences of such an impact would be apocalyptic. Weissman conservatively
450:
when he chanced across the comet while at the eyepiece of his friend's telescope. He realized he might have spotted something new when, like Hale, he checked his star maps to determine if any other deep-sky objects were known to be near M70, and found none. He alerted the
Central Bureau for
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was a growing phenomenon at the time, and numerous websites that tracked the comet's progress and provided daily images from around the world became extremely popular. The
Internet played a large role in encouraging the unprecedented public interest in comet Hale–Bopp.
954:
While the comet's dust tail roughly followed the path of the comet's orbit and the gas tail pointed almost directly away from the Sun, the sodium tail appeared to lie between the two. This implies that the sodium atoms are driven away from the comet's head by
3597:
1039:
always been colder than 35–40 K, but has at some point been warmer than 20 K. Unless the solar nebula was much colder and richer in argon than generally believed, this suggests that the comet formed beyond
Neptune in the
486:
and by far the greatest distance from Earth at which a comet had been discovered by amateurs. Most comets at this distance are extremely faint, and show no discernible activity, but Hale–Bopp already had an observable
430:
near M70, and then consulted a directory of known comets, finding that none were known to be in this area of the sky. Once he had established that the object was moving relative to the background stars, he emailed the
975:
was found to be about twice that of Earth's oceans. If Hale–Bopp's deuterium abundance is typical of all comets, this implies that although cometary impacts are thought to be the source of a significant amount of the
647:
images taken in 2010 suggest comet Hale–Bopp is covered in a fresh frost layer. Hale–Bopp was again detected in
December 2010 when it was 30.7 au away from the Sun, and in 2012, at 33.2 au from the Sun. The
819:
Hale–Bopp may have had a near collision with
Jupiter in 2215 BC, which probably caused a dramatic change in its orbit, and 2215 BC may have been its first passage through the inner Solar System from the
927:
tail, only visible with powerful instruments with dedicated filters. Sodium emission had been previously observed in other comets, but had not been shown to come from a tail. Hale–Bopp's sodium tail consisted of
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main nucleus being about 70 km across, and would orbit in about three days at a distance of about 180 km. This analysis was confirmed by observations in 1996 using Wide-Field
Planetary Camera 2 of the
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Its lengthy period of visibility and extensive coverage in the media meant that Hale–Bopp was probably the most-observed comet in history, making a far greater impact on the general public than the return of
3695:
Kramer, Emily A.; Fernandez, Yanga R.; Lisse, Carey M.; Kelley, Michael S.P.; Woodney, Laura M. (2014). "A dynamical analysis of the dust tail of Comet C/1995 O1 (Hale–Bopp) at high heliocentric distances".
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across the sky. The comet was visible well before the sky got fully dark each night, and while many great comets are very close to the Sun as they pass perihelion, comet Hale–Bopp was visible all night to
852:
estimates the diameter at 35 km; an estimated density of 0.6 g/cm then gives a cometary mass of 1.3×10 g. At a probable impact velocity of 52.5 km/s, impact energy can be calculated as 1.9×10
2159:
Szabó, Gy. M.; Kiss, L. L.; Kiss, Cs.; Pál, A.; Sárneczky, K.; Juhász, A.; Hogerheijde, M. R. (2012). "Evidence for fresh frost layer on the bare nucleus of comet Hale–Bopp at 32 au distance".
5262:
459:, who had run the bureau since 1968, laughed, "Nobody sends telegrams anymore. I mean, by the time that telegram got here, Alan Hale had already e-mailed us three times with updated coordinates."
947:. There are several possible mechanisms for generating a source of sodium atoms, including collisions between dust grains surrounding the nucleus, and "sputtering" of sodium from dust grains by
1204:, and it was visible to the naked eye for twice as long as the previous record-holder. It was also brighter than magnitude 0 for eight weeks, longer than any other recorded comet.
951:
light. It is not yet established which mechanism is primarily responsible for creating Hale–Bopp's sodium tail, and the narrow and diffuse components of the tail may have different origins.
1164:
Nancy Lieder, who claims to receive messages from aliens through an implant in her brain, stated that Hale–Bopp was a fiction designed to distract the population from the coming arrival of
2702:
Cremonese, G; Boehnhardt, H; Crovisier, J; Rauer, H; Fitzsimmons, A; Fulle, M; Licandro, J; Pollacco, D; et al. (1997). "Neutral Sodium from Comet Hale–Bopp: A Third Type of Tail".
987:
compounds in the comet. The ratio of deuterium to normal hydrogen was found to vary from compound to compound, which astronomers believe suggests that cometary ices were formed in
1197:
in 1986, and certainly seen by a greater number of people than witnessed any of Halley's previous appearances. For instance, 69% of Americans had seen Hale–Bopp by April 9, 1997.
383:
on April 1, 1997, reaching about magnitude −1.8. It was visible to the naked eye for a record 18 months, due to its massive nucleus size. This is twice as long as the
891:
during its perihelion passage, and several important advances in cometary science resulted from these observations. The dust production rate of the comet was very high (up to 2.0
6400:
5592:
1011:, several of which had never been detected in comets before. These complex molecules may exist within the cometary nucleus, or might be synthesised by reactions in the comet.
2947:
Stern, S. A.; Slater, D. C.; Festou, M. C.; Parker, J. Wm.; Gladstone, G. R.; A'hearn, M. F.; Wilkinson, E. (2000). "The Discovery of Argon in Comet C/1995 O1 (Hale–Bopp)".
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in 1997. However, comet scientists were wary – comets can be extremely unpredictable, and many have large outbursts at great distances only to diminish in brightness later.
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Hale–Bopp was a record-breaking comet – the farthest comet from the Sun discovered by amateurs, with the largest well-measured cometary nucleus known after
3249:
McCarthy, D. W.; Stolovy, S; Campins, H; Larson, S; Samarasinha, N; Kern, S (2007). "Comet Hale–Bopp in outburst: Imaging the dynamics of icy particles with HST/NICMOS".
923:
One of the most remarkable discoveries was that the comet had a third type of tail. In addition to the well-known gas and dust tails, Hale–Bopp also exhibited a faint
871:
and small perihelion distances is generally to reduce the perihelion distance to very small values. Hale–Bopp has about a 15% chance of eventually becoming a
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1608:
1112:
image of the comet which showed a fuzzy, slightly elongated object nearby. His computer sky-viewing program did not identify the star, so Shramek called the
1308:
639:
The comet continued to fade as it receded, but was still tracked by astronomers. In October 2007, 10 years after the perihelion and at a distance of 25.7
3684:
903:
and strong 10 μm silicate emission feature – the astronomers concluded the dust grains are smaller than observed in any other comet.
786:
approximately 4,200 years ago, roughly the year 2215 BC. The estimated closest approach to Earth was 1.4 au, and it may have been observed in
6358:
5695:
379:. It is difficult to predict the maximum brightness of new comets with any degree of certainty, but Hale–Bopp exceeded most predictions when it passed
2473:
879:. It would also be extremely bright, due to a combination of closeness to the Sun and nuclei size, potentially exceeding Halley's Comet in 837 AD.
581:
allowed observers there to see the comet in the daytime. Hale–Bopp had its closest approach to Earth on March 22, 1997, at a distance of 1.315
6585:
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The following morning, it was confirmed that this was a new comet, and it was given the designation C/1995 O1. The discovery was announced in
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in 1993 was found to show the then-unnoticed comet some 13 au from the Sun, a distance at which most comets are essentially unobservable. (
3353:
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995:. Theoretical modelling of ice formation in interstellar clouds suggests that comet Hale–Bopp formed at temperatures of around 25–45
588:
As it passed perihelion on April 1, 1997, the comet developed into a spectacular sight. It shone brighter than any star in the sky except
6565:
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1218:, were involved in a car crash after photographing the comet. Gene died in the crash and his ashes were sent to the Moon aboard NASA's
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As the comet approached the Sun, it continued to brighten, shining at 2nd magnitude in February, and showing a growing pair of
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temperatures, and don't interact with other elements, they can be used for probing the temperature histories of the cometary ices.
2266:
1765:; Colom, P; Crovisier, J; et al. (1996). "Substantial outgassing of CO from Comet Hale–Bopp at large heliocentric distance".
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569:, the blue gas tail pointing straight away from the Sun and the yellowish dust tail curving away along its orbit. On March 9, a
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Hale had spent many hundreds of hours searching for comets without success, and was tracking known comets from his driveway in
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840:. The comet's orbit was shortened considerably to a period of roughly 2,399 years, and it will next return to the inner
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146:
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Kidger, M.R.; Hurst, G.; James, N. (2004). "The Visual Light Curve Of C/1995 O1 (Hale–Bopp) From Discovery To Late 1997".
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Krasnopolsky, Vladimir A.; Mumma, MJ; Abbott, M; Flynn, BC; Meech, KJ; Yeomans, DK; Feldman, PD; Cosmovici, CB (1997).
2106:
Szabó, Gy. M.; Kiss, L. L.; Sárneczky, K. (2008). "Cometary Activity at 25.7 au: Hale–Bopp 11 Years after Perihelion".
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1154:
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3202:"Adaptive optics observations of the innermost coma of C/1995 O1. Are there a "Hale" and a "Bopp" in comet Hale–Bopp?"
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through this process. If such is the case, it could undergo huge mass loss, or break up into smaller pieces like the
832:, so further close approaches to planets will be rare. However, in April 1996 the comet passed within 0.77 au of
6417:
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Its great distance and surprising activity indicated that comet Hale–Bopp might become very bright when it reached
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66:
1161:, in March 1997 with the intention of teleporting to a spaceship which they believed was flying behind the comet.
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2212:
Szabó, M.; Sárneczky, K.; Kiss, L. L. (2011). "Frozen to death? – Detection of comet Hale–Bopp at 30.7 au".
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Bailey, M. E.; Emel'Yanenko, V. V.; Hahn, G.; Harris, N. W.; Hughes, K. A.; Muinonen, K.; Scotti, J. V. (1996).
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Composer Dmitry Kayukin created the music album “Comet 97” based on his memories of observing Comet Hale–Bopp.
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that was one of the most widely observed of the 20th century and one of the brightest seen for many decades.
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to announce that he had discovered a "Saturn-like object" following Hale–Bopp. UFO enthusiasts, such as
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1997 it was already bright enough to be seen by anyone who looked for it, even from large cities with
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was more than 100 times fainter at the same distance from the Sun.) Analysis indicated later that its
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Sekanina, Z. (1997). "Detection of a Satellite orbiting the Nucleus of Comet Hale–Bopp (C/1995 O1)".
3114:
Sekanina, Z. (1997). "Detection of a Satellite Orbiting The Nucleus of Comet Hale–Bopp (C/1995 O1)".
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Comet Hale–Bopp's neutral sodium tail (the straight tail extending up to the left from the nucleus)
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Over many orbits, the cumulative effect of gravitational perturbations on comets with high orbital
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mission along with an image of Hale–Bopp, "the last comet that the Shoemakers observed together".
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Mason, C. G.; Gehrz, R. D.; Jones, T. J.; Woodward, C E.; Hanner, M. S.; Williams, D. M. (2001).
263:
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Weaver, H. A.; Feldman, P. D.; a'Hearn, M. F.; Arpigny, C.; Brandt, J. C.; Stern, S. A. (1999).
3002:"Detection of Soft X-rays and a Sensitive Search for Noble Gases in Comet Hale–Bopp (C/1995 O1)"
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contains a text referring to an "nhh-star" as a companion of the pharaoh in the heavens, where "
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up before, no case had been found of a stable binary nucleus until the subsequent discovery of
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Comet Hale–Bopp in 2001, at a distance of nearly two billion kilometres from the Sun. Credit:
1173:. Lieder and others' claims of the planet Nibiru have been repeatedly debunked by scientists.
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from the Sun, the comet was still active as indicated by the detection of the CO-driven coma.
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1935:
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Fernández, Yanga R. (2002). "The Nucleus of Comet Hale–Bopp (C/1995 O1): Size and Activity".
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3455:. European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere. Archived from
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3075:"Dust continuum imaging of C/1995 O1 (Hale–Bopp): Rotation period and dust outflow velocity"
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3165:(3). European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere: 155–163.
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in 1973 had been touted as a "comet of the century" and turned out to be unspectacular.
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discovered Comet Hale–Bopp separately on July 23, 1995, before it became visible to the
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It Came From Outer Space Wearing an RAF Blazer!: A Fan's Biography of Sir Patrick Moore
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2615:"Observations of Unusually Small Dust Grains in the Coma of Comet Hale–Bopp C/1995 O1"
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anonymous astrophysicist who was about to confirm its discovery. However, astronomers
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stated that the alleged photo was an altered copy of one of their own comet images.
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Due to the massive size of its nucleus, Comet Hale–Bopp was observed intensively by
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Kidger, M. R.; Serra-Ricart, Miquel; Bellot-Rubio, Luis R.; Casas, Ricard (1996).
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2570:
Inner Coma and Nucleus of Comet Hale–Bopp: Results from a Stellar Occultation".
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McGee, H. W.; Poitevin, P. (1997). "The total solar eclipse of 1997 March 9".
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Bopp, Thomas (1997). "Amateur Contributions in the study of Comet Hale–Bopp".
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1417:(1997). "Orbit Determination and Evolution of Comet C/1995 O1 (Hale–Bopp)".
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4771:
4761:
4693:
4683:
4538:
4528:
4458:
4408:
4403:
4393:
3619:
3310:
3285:
2879:
2591:
1194:
1158:
1082:
992:
841:
507:
was 60±20 kilometres in diameter, approximately six times the size of
500:
399:
The comet was discovered independently on July 23, 1995, by two observers,
6269:
5885:
3562:
3099:
3074:
3033:
2680:
2655:
1794:
1688:"Evolution of a Spiral Jet in the Inner Coma of Comet Hale-Bopp (1995 O1)"
1064:
In 1997 a paper was published that hypothesised the existence of a binary
30:"Hale Bopp" redirects here. For the composition by Graham Waterhouse, see
6321:
6200:
6045:
6008:
5775:
5248:
5243:
5228:
5031:
4989:
4979:
4961:
4956:
4926:
4921:
4881:
4876:
4861:
4756:
4733:
4723:
4718:
4698:
4648:
4638:
4548:
4518:
4488:
4448:
4433:
4318:
3976:
2961:
2716:
1334:"Barycentric Osculating Orbital Elements for Comet C/1995 O1 (Hale–Bopp)"
1134:, soon concluded that there was an alien spacecraft following the comet.
1040:
1026:
was detected. Noble gases are chemically inert and vary from low to high
972:
948:
868:
791:
404:
388:
372:
79:
46:
915:
6412:
6274:
6072:
5978:
5895:
5830:
5619:
5213:
5106:
5076:
5056:
5026:
4751:
4728:
4658:
4653:
4503:
4493:
4473:
4388:
4383:
4373:
4358:
4333:
4166:
4049:
3922:
3874:
3864:
2368:
2330:
1346:
1201:
1044:
888:
836:, close enough for its orbit to be measurably affected by the planet's
821:
813:
783:
566:
515:
411:
380:
52:
2781:
2756:
1007:
Spectroscopic observations of Hale–Bopp revealed the presence of many
6304:
6284:
6279:
6188:
6166:
6149:
6020:
5993:
5963:
5840:
5825:
5805:
5770:
5730:
5535:
5510:
5505:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5445:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5395:
5384:
5359:
5006:
4984:
4911:
4906:
4886:
4871:
4866:
4841:
4796:
4663:
4558:
4418:
4348:
4186:
2292:
MPEC 2022-S20 : Observations and Orbits of Comets and A/ Objects
1786:
1020:
968:
547:
492:
439:
414:
when he chanced upon Hale–Bopp just after midnight. The comet had an
376:
3200:
Marchis, F.; Boehnhardt, H.; Hainaut, O. R.; Le Mignant, D. (1999).
3001:
387:, the previous record holder. Accordingly, Hale–Bopp was dubbed the
5302:
5296:
5233:
4713:
4633:
4623:
4478:
4378:
4353:
4059:
3996:
3869:
2978:
2733:
2654:
Ganesh, S.; Joshi, U. C.; Baliyan, K. S.; Deshpande, M. R. (1998).
2639:
2614:
2546:
2521:
2137:
1712:
1687:
1685:
1113:
984:
845:
829:
652:
observed Hale–Bopp in 2022, when it was 46.2 au from the Sun.
574:
558:
3710:
3199:
2469:"Orbit Determination and Evolution of Comet C/1995 O1 (Hale–Bopp)"
2226:
2173:
2120:
660:
4328:
3286:"Post-Perihelion HST Observations of Comet Hale–Bopp (C/1995 O1)"
2371:. "AD = 5.24E+02 and PR = 1.5536E+06 / 365.25 days" = 4254 years)
1105:
1073:
which had taken images of the comet that revealed the satellite.
1035:
837:
833:
803:
799:
795:
773:
578:
479:
3672:
2466:
2158:
1464:"Solex 10 estimate for Next Perihelion of C/1995 O1 (Hale–Bopp)"
5390:
C/1680 V1 (Great Comet of 1680, Kirsch's Comet, Newton's Comet)
3283:
996:
924:
900:
589:
483:
447:
3325:
Sekanina, Z. (1997). "The problem of split comets revisited".
936:), and extended to some 50 million kilometres in length.
3836:
2850:
Meier, Roland; Owen, Tobias C. (1999). "Cometary Deuterium".
2211:
1023:
848:) will be about 354 au, reduced from about 525 au.
734:
362:
217:
207:
3248:
2999:
5406:
C/1743 X1 (Great Comet of 1744, Comet Klinkenberg-Chéseaux)
2653:
2568:
759:
116:
6508:
3694:
3073:
Warell, J.; Lagerkvist, C.-I.; Lagerros, J. S. V. (1999).
844:
around the year 4385. Its greatest distance from the Sun (
130:
3805:
2754:
1186:
933:
907:
Hale–Bopp were smaller than inferred in any other comet.
853:
636:, which was visible to the naked eye for about 9 months.
2804:
Cremonese, G.; Fulle, Marco (1997). "Sodium In Comets".
1761:
Biver, N.; Rauer, H; Despois, D; Moreno, R; Paubert, G;
1284:"JPL Small-Body Database Browser: C/1995 O1 (Hale–Bopp)"
474:
Hale–Bopp's orbital position was calculated as 7.2
2946:
2612:
1760:
1520:
609:
After its perihelion passage, the comet moved into the
3351:
1553:, Springer Science & Business Media, p. 483,
1104:
In November 1996, amateur astronomer Chuck Shramek of
807:
6485:
3537:"The Myth of Nibiru and the End of the World in 2012"
3417:
2755:
Wilson, J. K.; Baumgardner, J.; Mendillo, M. (1998).
2049:
Shylaja, B. S. (1997). "What's New With Hale Bopp?".
110:
3620:"Eugene Shoemaker Ashes Carried on Lunar Prospector"
2000:. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, NASA. November 26, 2003
1489:
Shanklin, Jonathan D. (2000). "The comets of 1995".
133:
127:
119:
2903:"Organic synthesis in the coma of Comet Hale–Bopp?"
2418:
Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union
1734:
534:
The comet became a spectacular sight in early 1997.
435:, the clearing house for astronomical discoveries.
124:
113:
3419:
2656:"Polarimetric observations of the comet Hale–Bopp"
2399:orbit: semi-major axis 250 au; period 4000yr)
2380:
2105:
939:The source of the sodium appeared to be the inner
3352:Jaroff, Leon; Willwerth, James (April 14, 1997).
2907:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
2474:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
2309:"Comet Hale–Bopp Orbit and Ephemeris Information"
1521:Hale, A.; Bopp, T.; Stevens, J. (July 23, 1995).
426:. Hale first established that there was no other
6557:
3685:Shadow and Substance.com: Static orbital diagram
2697:
2695:
2693:
2691:
1870:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1571:
1569:
1030:. Since different noble elements have different
632:months. The previous record had been set by the
2900:
2083:. European Southern Observatory. Archived from
2026:. European Southern Observatory. Archived from
1963:Journal of the British Astronomical Association
1735:McNaught, R. H.; West, R. M. (August 2, 1995).
1491:Journal of the British Astronomical Association
1458:
1456:
3639:"Album "Comet 97 – EP" (Kayukin). Apple Music"
3511:"Comets Breed Fear, Fascination and Web Sites"
3508:
2803:
2519:
2267:"Comet Hale–Bopp C/1995 O1 – observed tonite"
1380:
1378:
1358:
1349:. "PR = 8.763E+05 / 365.25 days" = 2399 years)
3821:
2845:
2843:
2688:
2356:"Barycentric Orbital Elements for Epoch 1600"
2051:Bulletin of the Astronomical Society of India
1960:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1809:
1566:
1540:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1403:
895:10 kg/s), which may have made the inner coma
860:, about 44 times the estimated energy of the
3079:Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series
2894:
2522:"Particulate Mass Loss from Comet Hale–Bopp"
2306:
2285:
1453:
1324:
1322:
2407:
2405:
2385:. NASA (National Space Science Data Center)
2350:
2264:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1375:
1328:
4276:
3828:
3814:
3751:
3534:
3484:Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication
2840:
2513:
2302:
2300:
2258:
1857:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1400:
1059:
983:Deuterium was also detected in many other
542:Star map of path with 14-day motion marked
45:
3709:
3309:
3098:
2960:
2926:
2849:
2780:
2715:
2679:
2638:
2545:
2504:
2494:
2441:
2414:"The cometary impactor flux at the Earth"
2374:
2344:
2225:
2205:
2172:
2152:
2119:
1820:
1711:
1546:
1363:. OAA Computing and Minor Planet Sections
1319:
1303:
1301:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1266:
433:Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams
5491:C/1887 B1 (Great Southern Comet of 1887)
5466:C/1865 B1 (Great Southern Comet of 1865)
5401:C/1729 P1 (Comet of 1729, Comet Sarabat)
3477:
3418:Burnham, Robert; Levy, David H. (2000).
3324:
3156:
3113:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2901:Rodgers, S. D.; Charnley, S. B. (2002).
2411:
2402:
2381:Williams, David R. (December 23, 2005).
1981:
1575:
1488:
1361:"OAA computing section circular NK 1553"
1180:
1043:region and then migrated outward to the
1019:Hale–Bopp was the first comet where the
914:
664:Hale–Bopp at perihelion on April 1, 1997
659:
613:. The comet was much less impressive to
537:
529:
6586:Astronomical objects discovered in 1995
5501:C/1910 A1 (Great January Comet of 1910)
3636:
3587:
3581:
2520:Jewitt, David; Matthews, Henry (1999).
2297:
2048:
1606:
1576:Lemonick, Michael D. (March 17, 1997).
1509:
1413:
1384:
51:Comet Hale–Bopp, shortly after passing
14:
6558:
3450:
3426:. Cambridge University Press. p.
1913:
1600:
1298:
1263:
962:
824:. The comet's current orbit is almost
478:(au) from the Sun, placing it between
5441:C/1843 D1 (Great March Comet of 1843)
4275:
3809:
3453:"Fraudulent use of an IfA/UH picture"
3451:Tholen, David J. (January 15, 1997).
2935:
2660:Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement
1352:
1247:, a 1997 string orchestra composition
1014:
882:
4081:List of comets visited by spacecraft
3539:. Skeptical Inquirer. Archived from
3528:
3382:
3345:
3048:"Bergeron Comet Hale–Bopp Animation"
2075:
2018:
1916:"Comet Holds Clues to Birth of Time"
1914:Browne, Malcolm R. (March 9, 1997).
1642:
1359:Syuichi Nakano (February 12, 2008).
592:, and its dust tail stretched 40–45
469:
5526:C/1941 B2 (de Kock-Paraskevopoulos)
798:(Reign: 2247 – c. 2216 BC). Pepi's
782:The comet likely made its previous
604:
24:
6566:Discoveries by amateur astronomers
3496:10.1111/j.1083-6101.1997.tb00077.x
3327:Astronomy and Astrophysics Letters
2024:"Comet Hale–Bopp (April 13, 1997)"
1607:Newcott, William (December 1997).
980:, they cannot be the only source.
971:in comet Hale–Bopp in the form of
655:
25:
6602:
5666:C/1992 J1 (Spacewatch–Rabinowitz)
5446:C/1847 T1 (Miss Mitchell's Comet)
3668:Cometography.com: Comet Hale–Bopp
3656:
3509:George Johnson (March 28, 1997).
3054:. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, NASA
2704:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
2367:(Solution using the Solar System
2081:"Comet Hale–Bopp (March 7, 1997)"
1692:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
1631:Nobody sends telegrams anymore...
1345:(Solution using the Solar System
1214:, both famous for co-discovering
451:Astronomical Telegrams through a
6543:
6531:
6519:
6507:
6495:
6470:
6469:
5516:C/1927 X1 (Skjellerup–Maristany)
3894:
3888:
3563:"Nibiru: The Nonexistent Planet"
2928:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04208.x
2757:"Three tails of comet Hale–Bopp"
2214:Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
1394:Minor Planet Electronic Circular
691:
677:
546:Hale–Bopp became visible to the
464:International Astronomical Union
106:
6576:Heaven's Gate (religious group)
5610:C/1970 K1 (White–Ortiz–Bolelli)
5496:C/1901 G1 (Great Comet of 1901)
5486:C/1882 R1 (Great Comet of 1882)
5461:C/1861 J1 (Great Comet of 1861)
5436:C/1823 Y1 (Great Comet of 1823)
5431:C/1819 N1 (Great Comet of 1819)
5426:C/1811 F1 (Great Comet of 1811)
5421:C/1807 R1 (Great Comet of 1807)
5416:C/1769 P1 (Great Comet of 1769)
5411:C/1760 A1 (Great Comet of 1760)
5380:C/1577 V1 (Great Comet of 1577)
5375:C/1471 Y1 (Great Comet of 1472)
5370:C/1402 D1 (Great Comet of 1402)
5365:C/1264 N1 (Great Comet of 1264)
5360:X/1106 C1 (Great Comet of 1106)
4023:Observational history of comets
3630:
3612:
3588:Aguirre, Edwin L. (July 1997).
3555:
3502:
3471:
3444:
3411:
3376:
3318:
3277:
3242:
3193:
3150:
3107:
3066:
3040:
2993:
2797:
2748:
2647:
2606:
2562:
2460:
2323:
2307:Yeomans, Don (April 10, 1997).
2099:
2069:
2042:
2012:
1954:
1928:
1907:
1754:
1728:
1679:
1636:
1100:Heaven's Gate (religious group)
943:, although not necessarily the
442:. He was out with friends near
5645:C/1989 Y1 (Skorichenko–George)
5635:C/1989 W1 (Aarseth-Brewington)
5042:P/2013 R3 (Catalina-PANSTARRS)
2269:. Yahoo Groups. Archived from
2265:Dave Herald (August 7, 2012).
1482:
910:
446:, observing star clusters and
13:
1:
5630:C/1983 H1 (IRAS–Araki–Alcock)
4112:C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS)
3478:Robinson, Wendy Gale (2006).
3354:"The man who spread the myth"
3026:10.1126/science.277.5331.1488
2108:Astrophysical Journal Letters
1578:"Comet of the decade Part II"
1390:"Comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp)"
1256:
1093:
611:southern celestial hemisphere
525:
407:, both in the United States.
316:40–80 km (25–50 mi)
5671:C/1993 Y1 (McNaught–Russell)
5593:C/1969 T1 (Tago-Sato-Kosaka)
5193:D/1993 F2 (Shoemaker–Levy 9)
5102:57P/du Toit–Neujmin–Delporte
4594:57P/du Toit–Neujmin–Delporte
3728:10.1016/j.icarus.2014.03.033
3271:10.1016/j.icarus.2007.01.019
3209:Astronomy & Astrophysics
2761:Geophysical Research Letters
1130:political science professor
1076:Although observations using
671:Animation of Hale–Bopp orbit
394:
7:
5162:226P/Pigott–LINEAR–Kowalski
4534:45P/Honda–Mrkos–Pajdušáková
4514:41P/Tuttle–Giacobini–Kresák
4045:Extraterrestrial atmosphere
2244:10.1051/0004-6361/201116793
1614:National Geographic Society
1230:
1153:Thirty-nine members of the
1050:
1002:
32:Celtic Voices and Hale Bopp
10:
6607:
5551:C/1961 O1 (Wilson-Hubbard)
5531:C/1947 X1 (Southern Comet)
5471:X/1872 X1 (Pogson's Comet)
5456:C/1861 G1 (Comet Thatcher)
4076:List of missions to comets
3835:
3663:CometBase: Comet Hale–Bopp
3637:Kayukin (August 4, 2023).
3395:(2): 25–28. Archived from
2426:Cambridge University Press
2412:Weissman, Paul R. (2007).
1547:Mobberley, Martin (2013),
1097:
650:James Webb Space Telescope
645:Herschel Space Observatory
29:
6465:
5939:
5836:C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring)
5781:C/2007 Q3 (Siding Spring)
5653:
5481:C/1881 K1 (Comet Tebbutt)
5396:C/1702 H1 (Comet of 1702)
5355:C/-43 K1 (Caesar's Comet)
5347:
5334:
5321:67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko
5261:
5201:
5180:
5064:
5055:
4945:
4742:
4689:76P/West–Kohoutek–Ikemura
4644:67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko
4304:
4293:
4289:
4271:
4239:
4221:(Bernardinelli–Bernstein)
4089:
4068:
4010:
3903:
3886:
3847:
3843:
3590:"The Great Comet of 1997"
3385:"Hale–Bopp Comet Madness"
2949:The Astrophysical Journal
2619:The Astrophysical Journal
2443:10.1017/S1743921307003559
2191:10.1088/0004-637X/761/1/8
1176:
418:of 10.5 and lay near the
340:
330:
320:
310:
305:
297:
280:
270:
249:
239:
226:
216:
206:
194:
184:
172:
165:
144:
101:
96:
88:
65:
60:
44:
5541:C/1956 R1 (Arend–Roland)
5476:C/1874 H1 (Comet Coggia)
5451:C/1858 L1 (Comet Donati)
4674:73P/Schwassmann–Wachmann
4464:31P/Schwassmann–Wachmann
4454:29P/Schwassmann–Wachmann
4127:C/2021 J1 (Maury-Attard)
3678:August 21, 2011, at the
3480:"Heaven's Gate: The End"
3159:Earth, Moon, and Planets
3116:Earth, Moon, and Planets
2806:Earth, Moon, and Planets
2526:The Astronomical Journal
1936:"The Trail of Hale–Bopp"
1873:Earth, Moon, and Planets
1823:Earth, Moon, and Planets
1645:Earth, Moon, and Planets
1419:Earth, Moon, and Planets
422:in the constellation of
306:Physical characteristics
147:Alternative designations
6016:de Kock–Paraskevopoulos
5871:C/2015 ER61 (PanSTARRS)
5072:11P/Tempel–Swift–LINEAR
4364:11P/Tempel–Swift–LINEAR
4212:C/2015 ER61 (PanSTARRS)
4055:Small Solar System body
3748:JPL Small-Body Database
3690:Comet Nucleus Animation
3339:1997A&A...318L...5S
3221:1999A&A...349..985M
3179:10.1023/A:1006230712665
3171:1997EM&P...77..155S
3136:10.1023/A:1006230712665
3128:1997EM&P...77..155S
3091:1999A&AS..136..245W
2872:10.1023/A:1005269208310
2826:10.1023/A:1006245619568
2818:1997EM&P...79..209C
2672:1998A&AS..129..489G
2506:10.1093/mnras/281.3.916
2236:2011A&A...531A..11S
1893:10.1023/A:1006228113533
1885:1997EM&P...78..169K
1843:10.1023/A:1021545031431
1835:2002EM&P...89....3F
1665:10.1023/A:1006262006364
1657:1997EM&P...79..307B
1523:"IAU Circular No. 6187"
1439:10.1023/A:1006268813208
1431:1997EM&P...79....3M
1060:Binary nucleus question
808:
336:30 km (19 mi)
326:60 km (37 mi)
167:Orbital characteristics
155:The Great Comet of 1997
5851:C/2013 V5 (Oukaimeden)
5846:C/2013 US10 (Catalina)
5691:C/1998 H1 (Stonehouse)
5588:C/1965 S1 (Ikeya-Seki)
5568:C/1962 C1 (Seki-Lines)
5167:271P/van Houten–Lemmon
5127:107P/Wilson–Harrington
5122:97P/Metcalf–Brewington
5092:54P/de Vico–Swift–NEAT
4968:4015 Wilson–Harrington
4812:147P/Kushida–Muramatsu
4777:107P/Wilson–Harrington
4767:97P/Metcalf–Brewington
4579:54P/de Vico–Swift–NEAT
3311:10.1006/icar.1999.6159
2592:10.1006/icar.1999.6127
1216:comet Shoemaker–Levy 9
1189:
1071:Hubble Space Telescope
920:
665:
543:
535:
6369:Spacewatch–Rabinowitz
5931:C/2023 P1 (Nishimura)
5881:C/2017 K2 (PanSTARRS)
5861:C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS)
5826:C/2012 K1 (PANSTARRS)
5806:C/2011 L4 (PANSTARRS)
5751:C/2006 A1 (Pojmański)
5741:C/2004 F4 (Bradfield)
5721:C/2001 OG108 (LONEOS)
5686:C/1997 L1 (Zhu–Balam)
5681:C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake)
5676:C/1995 O1 (Hale–Bopp)
5511:C/1911 S3 (Beljawsky)
5157:206P/Barnard–Boattini
4679:74P/Smirnova–Chernykh
4589:56P/Slaughter–Burnham
4484:35P/Herschel–Rigollet
4231:C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS)
4192:C/2017 K2 (PanSTARRS)
4122:C/2021 O3 (PanSTARRS)
4097:C/2023 P1 (Nishimura)
3459:on September 30, 2007
2852:Space Science Reviews
2161:Astrophysical Journal
1309:"JPL SBDB Epoch 1996"
1286:(2022-07-09 last obs)
1184:
991:, rather than in the
918:
794:reign of the Pharaoh
663:
541:
533:
357:(formally designated
40:C/1995 O1 (Hale–Bopp)
6349:Skjellerup–Maristany
5886:1I/2017 U1 ʻOumuamua
5796:C/2009 R1 (McNaught)
5786:C/2007 W1 (Boattini)
5761:C/2006 P1 (McNaught)
5746:C/2004 Q2 (Machholz)
5701:C/1999 F1 (Catalina)
5615:C/1973 E1 (Kohoutek)
5285:26P/Grigg–Skjellerup
5273:21P/Giacobini–Zinner
5112:72P/Denning–Fujikawa
4669:72P/Denning–Fujikawa
4569:52P/Harrington–Abell
4544:47P/Ashbrook–Jackson
4439:26P/Grigg–Skjellerup
4414:21P/Giacobini–Zinner
3364:on November 21, 2005
1588:on November 30, 2008
1148:University of Hawaii
828:to the plane of the
497:UK Schmidt Telescope
420:globular cluster M70
6571:Non-periodic comets
6418:White–Ortiz–Bolelli
5921:C/2021 A1 (Leonard)
5911:C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE)
5891:C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto)
5876:C/2015 V2 (Johnson)
5866:C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)
5856:C/2014 E2 (Jacques)
5841:C/2013 R1 (Lovejoy)
5811:C/2011 W3 (Lovejoy)
5791:C/2009 F6 (Yi–SWAN)
5766:C/2007 E2 (Lovejoy)
5711:C/2000 WM1 (LINEAR)
5605:C/1969 Y1 (Bennett)
5578:C/1963 R1 (Pereyra)
5563:C/1961 R1 (Humason)
5536:C/1948 V1 (Eclipse)
5047:(300163) 2006 VW139
4917:332P/Ikeya–Murakami
4822:156P/Russell–LINEAR
4704:79P/du Toit–Hartley
4614:61P/Shajn–Schaldach
4599:58P/Jackson–Neujmin
4524:43P/Wolf–Harrington
4424:23P/Brorsen–Metcalf
4226:C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)
4202:C/2015 V2 (Johnson)
4197:C/2016 U1 (NEOWISE)
4177:C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto)
4147:C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE)
4132:C/2021 A1 (Leonard)
3799:Physical parameters
3720:2014Icar..236..136K
3673:NASA Hale–Bopp page
3600:on January 16, 2009
3399:on February 8, 2010
3383:Hale, Alan (1997).
3302:1999Icar..141....1W
3263:2007Icar..189..184M
3230:on October 31, 2008
3100:10.1051/aas:1999213
3018:1997Sci...277.1488K
3012:(5331): 1488–1491.
2971:2000ApJ...544L.169S
2919:2001MNRAS.320L..61R
2864:1999SSRv...90...33M
2773:1998GeoRL..25..225W
2726:1997ApJ...490L.199C
2681:10.1051/aas:1998201
2631:2001ApJ...549..635M
2584:1999Icar..140..205F
2538:1999AJ....117.1056J
2487:1996MNRAS.281..916B
2434:2007IAUS..236..441W
2294:(2022 September 18)
2183:2012ApJ...761....8S
2130:2008ApJ...677L.121S
2063:1997BASI...25..155S
1975:1997JBAA..107..112M
1940:Scientific American
1779:1996Natur.380..137B
1737:"Circular No. 6198"
1704:1996ApJ...461L.119K
1609:"The Age of Comets"
1503:2000JBAA..110..311S
989:interstellar clouds
963:Deuterium abundance
634:Great Comet of 1811
615:southern hemisphere
599:Northern Hemisphere
495:image taken at the
438:Bopp did not own a
385:Great Comet of 1811
361:) is a long-period
89:Discovery date
41:
6354:Skorichenko–George
5949:Aarseth-Brewington
5901:C/2019 U6 (Lemmon)
5821:C/2012 F6 (Lemmon)
5801:C/2010 X1 (Elenin)
5771:C/2007 F1 (LONEOS)
5731:C/2002 T7 (LINEAR)
5716:C/2001 A2 (LINEAR)
5706:C/1999 S4 (LINEAR)
5640:C/1989 X1 (Austin)
5625:C/1980 E1 (Bowell)
5506:C/1911 O1 (Brooks)
5209:D/1770 L1 (Lexell)
5117:80P/Peters–Hartley
4832:162P/Siding Spring
4709:80P/Peters–Hartley
4574:53P/Van Biesbroeck
4499:38P/Stephan–Oterma
4207:C/2015 G2 (MASTER)
4182:C/2018 C2 (Lemmon)
4172:P/2019 LD2 (ATLAS)
4162:C/2019 U6 (Lemmon)
4142:C/2020 F5 (MASTER)
4102:C/2023 H2 (Lemmon)
3569:. December 4, 2018
3515:The New York Times
3389:Skeptical Inquirer
2383:"Comet Fact Sheet"
2273:on January 5, 2013
2022:(April 13, 1997).
1921:The New York Times
1763:Bockelée-Morvan, D
1621:on August 29, 2017
1470:on August 10, 2012
1190:
1015:Detection of argon
957:radiation pressure
921:
883:Scientific results
708: Hale–Bopp
666:
544:
536:
476:astronomical units
444:Stanfield, Arizona
416:apparent magnitude
67:Discovered by
39:
6483:
6482:
6461:
6460:
6457:
6456:
6453:
6452:
6068:IRAS–Araki–Alcock
5906:C/2019 Y4 (ATLAS)
5776:C/2007 N3 (Lulin)
5583:C/1964 N1 (Ikeya)
5573:C/1963 A1 (Ikeya)
5546:C/1957 P1 (Mrkos)
5521:C/1931 P1 (Ryves)
5330:
5329:
5257:
5256:
5219:18D/Perrine–Mrkos
5097:55P/Tempel–Tuttle
4974:7968 Elst–Pizarro
4892:273P/Pons–Gambart
4837:168P/Hergenrother
4827:161P/Hartley–IRAS
4787:109P/Swift–Tuttle
4629:64P/Swift–Gehrels
4584:55P/Tempel–Tuttle
4399:18D/Perrine–Mrkos
4267:
4266:
4254:Comets in fiction
4157:C/2019 Y1 (ATLAS)
4152:C/2019 Y4 (ATLAS)
4107:C/2023 E1 (ATLAS)
4033:Comet discoverers
3624:www2.jpl.nasa.gov
3594:Sky and Telescope
3543:on April 21, 2009
3437:978-0-521-64600-0
2782:10.1029/97GL03704
2453:978-0-521-86345-2
2329:"The Lost Tomb",
2079:(March 7, 1997).
1994:"Comet Hale–Bopp"
1773:(6570): 137–139.
1315:on July 30, 2021.
1208:Carolyn Shoemaker
1119:Coast to Coast AM
1009:organic chemicals
967:The abundance of
877:Kreutz sungrazers
470:Early observation
352:
351:
201:Long period comet
27:Long-period comet
16:(Redirected from
6598:
6548:
6547:
6546:
6536:
6535:
6534:
6524:
6523:
6522:
6512:
6511:
6500:
6499:
6498:
6491:
6473:
6472:
6431:
6409:
6401:Tago-Sato-Kosaka
6228:McNaught–Russell
5916:C/2020 F8 (SWAN)
5831:C/2012 S1 (ISON)
5816:C/2012 E2 (SWAN)
5756:C/2006 M4 (SWAN)
5736:C/2002 V1 (NEAT)
5726:C/2001 Q4 (NEAT)
5696:C/1998 J1 (SOHO)
5661:C/1990 K1 (Levy)
5620:C/1975 V1 (West)
5601:
5559:
5345:
5344:
5062:
5061:
4817:153P/Ikeya–Zhang
4554:49P/Arend–Rigaux
4344:7P/Pons–Winnecke
4302:
4301:
4291:
4290:
4273:
4272:
4249:Antimatter comet
4137:C/2020 F8 (SWAN)
4018:Naming of comets
3898:
3892:
3845:
3844:
3830:
3823:
3816:
3807:
3806:
3791:Orbital elements
3755:
3739:
3713:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3645:
3634:
3628:
3627:
3616:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3605:
3596:. Archived from
3585:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3574:
3559:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3548:
3535:David Morrison.
3532:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3521:
3506:
3500:
3499:
3475:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3464:
3448:
3442:
3441:
3425:
3415:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3380:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3360:. Archived from
3349:
3343:
3342:
3322:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3281:
3275:
3274:
3246:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3235:
3229:
3223:. Archived from
3206:
3197:
3191:
3190:
3154:
3148:
3147:
3111:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3070:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3059:
3044:
3038:
3037:
2997:
2991:
2990:
2964:
2962:astro-ph/0011327
2955:(2): L169–L172.
2944:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2898:
2892:
2891:
2847:
2838:
2837:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2784:
2752:
2746:
2745:
2719:
2717:astro-ph/9710022
2710:(2): L199–L202.
2699:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2651:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2549:
2532:(2): 1056–1062.
2517:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2498:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2445:
2409:
2400:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2378:
2372:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2348:
2342:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2304:
2295:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2229:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2176:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2123:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2077:West, Richard M.
2073:
2067:
2066:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2020:West, Richard M.
2016:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2005:
1990:
1979:
1978:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1942:. March 17, 1997
1932:
1926:
1925:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1879:(1–3): 169–177.
1868:
1855:
1854:
1818:
1807:
1806:
1787:10.1038/380137a0
1758:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1715:
1698:(2): L119–L122.
1683:
1677:
1676:
1651:(1–3): 307–308.
1640:
1634:
1633:
1628:
1626:
1617:. Archived from
1604:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1584:. Archived from
1573:
1564:
1563:
1544:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1518:
1507:
1506:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1466:. Archived from
1460:
1451:
1450:
1411:
1398:
1397:
1382:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1356:
1350:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1326:
1317:
1316:
1311:. Archived from
1305:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1280:
1221:Lunar Prospector
1210:and her husband
1128:Emory University
1088:
894:
873:sungrazing comet
862:K-T impact event
811:
776:
771:
762:
757:
748:
746:
737:
732:
723:
718:
709:
707:
695:
681:
631:
630:
626:
623:
605:After perihelion
457:Brian G. Marsden
343:Geometric albedo
266:
140:
139:
136:
135:
132:
129:
126:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
49:
42:
38:
21:
6606:
6605:
6601:
6600:
6599:
6597:
6596:
6595:
6581:1997 in science
6556:
6555:
6554:
6544:
6542:
6532:
6530:
6520:
6518:
6506:
6496:
6494:
6486:
6484:
6479:
6449:
6425:
6403:
5941:
5935:
5926:C/2022 E3 (ZTF)
5649:
5595:
5553:
5339:
5337:
5326:
5264:
5253:
5197:
5176:
5051:
4948:
4941:
4744:
4738:
4619:62P/Tsuchinshan
4609:60P/Tsuchinshan
4604:59P/Kearns–Kwee
4369:12P/Pons–Brooks
4306:
4296:
4285:
4278:Lists of comets
4263:
4241:
4235:
4220:
4117:C/2022 E3 (ZTF)
4085:
4064:
4006:
3899:
3893:
3884:
3839:
3834:
3680:Wayback Machine
3659:
3654:
3653:
3643:
3641:
3635:
3631:
3618:
3617:
3613:
3603:
3601:
3586:
3582:
3572:
3570:
3561:
3560:
3556:
3546:
3544:
3533:
3529:
3519:
3517:
3507:
3503:
3476:
3472:
3462:
3460:
3449:
3445:
3438:
3416:
3412:
3402:
3400:
3381:
3377:
3367:
3365:
3350:
3346:
3323:
3319:
3282:
3278:
3247:
3243:
3233:
3231:
3227:
3204:
3198:
3194:
3155:
3151:
3112:
3108:
3071:
3067:
3057:
3055:
3046:
3045:
3041:
2998:
2994:
2945:
2936:
2899:
2895:
2848:
2841:
2802:
2798:
2753:
2749:
2700:
2689:
2652:
2648:
2611:
2607:
2567:
2563:
2518:
2514:
2465:
2461:
2454:
2410:
2403:
2388:
2386:
2379:
2375:
2360:
2358:
2349:
2345:
2328:
2324:
2314:
2312:
2305:
2298:
2290:
2286:
2276:
2274:
2263:
2259:
2210:
2206:
2157:
2153:
2104:
2100:
2090:
2088:
2087:on May 24, 2011
2074:
2070:
2047:
2043:
2033:
2031:
2030:on May 24, 2011
2017:
2013:
2003:
2001:
1992:
1991:
1982:
1959:
1955:
1945:
1943:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1912:
1908:
1869:
1858:
1819:
1810:
1759:
1755:
1745:
1743:
1733:
1729:
1684:
1680:
1641:
1637:
1624:
1622:
1605:
1601:
1591:
1589:
1574:
1567:
1561:
1545:
1541:
1531:
1529:
1519:
1510:
1487:
1483:
1473:
1471:
1462:
1461:
1454:
1412:
1401:
1383:
1376:
1366:
1364:
1357:
1353:
1338:
1336:
1327:
1320:
1307:
1306:
1299:
1289:
1287:
1282:
1281:
1264:
1259:
1251:Lists of comets
1237:Comet Hyakutake
1233:
1179:
1171:2012 phenomenon
1157:cult died in a
1140:Olivier Hainaut
1108:, Texas took a
1102:
1096:
1087:
1083:
1078:adaptive optics
1062:
1053:
1017:
1005:
965:
913:
897:optically thick
892:
885:
816:for long hair.
780:
779:
778:
777:
769:
768:
755:
754:
744:
743:
730:
729:
716:
715:
705:
704:
701:
700:
699:
698:Equatorial view
696:
687:
686:
685:
682:
673:
672:
658:
656:Orbital changes
628:
624:
621:
619:
607:
528:
472:
466:circular 6187.
428:deep-sky object
397:
355:Comet Hale–Bopp
345:
333:
323:
298:Next perihelion
293:
281:Last perihelion
261:
260:
228:Semi-major axis
186:Observation arc
179:
161:
149:
123:
109:
105:
84:
56:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6604:
6594:
6593:
6588:
6583:
6578:
6573:
6568:
6553:
6552:
6540:
6528:
6516:
6504:
6481:
6480:
6478:
6477:
6466:
6463:
6462:
6459:
6458:
6455:
6454:
6451:
6450:
6448:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6423:Wilson–Hubbard
6420:
6415:
6410:
6398:
6397:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6376:
6371:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6345:
6344:
6339:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6308:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6290:311P/PanSTARRS
6287:
6282:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6251:
6250:
6245:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6224:
6223:
6218:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6197:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6181:
6171:
6170:
6169:
6164:
6154:
6153:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6116:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6095:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6059:
6058:
6053:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6012:
6011:
6006:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5945:
5943:
5937:
5936:
5934:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5657:
5655:
5651:
5650:
5648:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5351:
5349:
5342:
5336:Near-Parabolic
5332:
5331:
5328:
5327:
5325:
5324:
5318:
5312:
5306:
5300:
5294:
5288:
5282:
5276:
5269:
5267:
5259:
5258:
5255:
5254:
5252:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5205:
5203:
5199:
5198:
5196:
5195:
5190:
5184:
5182:
5178:
5177:
5175:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5152:205P/Giacobini
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5068:
5066:
5059:
5053:
5052:
5050:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5037:358P/PANSTARRS
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5017:311P/PanSTARRS
5014:
5009:
5004:
4998:
4995:60558 Echeclus
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4971:
4965:
4959:
4953:
4951:
4943:
4942:
4940:
4939:
4937:460P/PanSTARRS
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4902:311P/PanSTARRS
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4857:205P/Giacobini
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4748:
4746:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4564:51P/Harrington
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4469:32P/Comas Solà
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4429:24P/Schaumasse
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4310:
4308:
4299:
4287:
4286:
4269:
4268:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4261:
4259:Comet vintages
4256:
4251:
4245:
4243:
4237:
4236:
4234:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4093:
4091:
4087:
4086:
4084:
4083:
4078:
4072:
4070:
4066:
4065:
4063:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4041:
4040:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4014:
4012:
4008:
4007:
4005:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3979:
3974:
3973:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3960:Near-parabolic
3952:
3951:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3938:Jupiter-family
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3909:
3907:
3901:
3900:
3887:
3885:
3883:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3851:
3849:
3841:
3840:
3833:
3832:
3825:
3818:
3810:
3804:
3803:
3802:
3801:
3759:Close approach
3740:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3670:
3665:
3658:
3657:External links
3655:
3652:
3651:
3629:
3611:
3580:
3554:
3527:
3501:
3470:
3443:
3436:
3410:
3375:
3344:
3317:
3276:
3257:(1): 184–195.
3241:
3192:
3149:
3122:(3): 155–163.
3106:
3085:(2): 245–256.
3065:
3039:
2992:
2979:10.1086/317312
2934:
2913:(4): L61–L64.
2893:
2858:(1–2): 33–43.
2839:
2812:(1): 209–220.
2796:
2767:(3): 225–228.
2747:
2734:10.1086/311040
2687:
2666:(5): 489–493.
2646:
2640:10.1086/319039
2625:(1): 635–646.
2605:
2578:(1): 205–220.
2561:
2547:10.1086/300743
2512:
2496:10.1.1.29.6010
2481:(1): 916–924.
2459:
2452:
2401:
2373:
2343:
2322:
2296:
2284:
2257:
2204:
2151:
2138:10.1086/588095
2098:
2068:
2041:
2011:
1980:
1969:(3): 112–113.
1953:
1927:
1906:
1856:
1808:
1753:
1727:
1713:10.1086/310008
1678:
1635:
1599:
1565:
1560:978-3319006093
1559:
1539:
1508:
1481:
1452:
1415:Marsden, B. G.
1399:
1386:Marsden, B. G.
1374:
1351:
1318:
1297:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1248:
1239:
1232:
1229:
1195:Halley's Comet
1178:
1175:
1132:Courtney Brown
1126:proponent and
1124:remote viewing
1116:radio program
1098:Main article:
1095:
1092:
1085:
1061:
1058:
1052:
1049:
1016:
1013:
1004:
1001:
978:water on Earth
964:
961:
912:
909:
884:
881:
703:
702:
697:
690:
689:
688:
683:
676:
675:
674:
670:
669:
668:
667:
657:
654:
606:
603:
553:light-polluted
527:
524:
520:Comet Kohoutek
509:Halley's Comet
501:Halley's Comet
471:
468:
396:
393:
359:C/1995 O1
350:
349:
346:
341:
338:
337:
334:
331:
328:
327:
324:
321:
318:
317:
314:
308:
307:
303:
302:
299:
295:
294:
292:
291:
288:
284:
282:
278:
277:
274:
268:
267:
253:
251:Orbital period
247:
246:
243:
237:
236:
230:
224:
223:
220:
214:
213:
210:
204:
203:
198:
192:
191:
188:
182:
181:
180:(JD 2459837.5)
176:
170:
169:
163:
162:
160:
159:
156:
152:
150:
145:
142:
141:
103:
99:
98:
94:
93:
90:
86:
85:
83:
82:
77:
71:
69:
63:
62:
58:
57:
50:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6603:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6579:
6577:
6574:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6563:
6561:
6551:
6541:
6539:
6529:
6527:
6517:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6503:
6493:
6492:
6489:
6476:
6468:
6467:
6464:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6429:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6407:
6402:
6399:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6382:
6381:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6334:
6333:
6332:Siding Spring
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6277:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6240:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6213:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6176:
6175:
6172:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6159:
6158:
6155:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6132:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6100:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6048:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6001:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5946:
5944:
5938:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5658:
5656:
5652:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5599:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5557:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5352:
5350:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5333:
5322:
5319:
5316:
5313:
5310:
5307:
5304:
5301:
5298:
5295:
5292:
5289:
5286:
5283:
5280:
5277:
5274:
5271:
5270:
5268:
5266:
5260:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5206:
5204:
5200:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5185:
5183:
5179:
5173:
5172:289P/Blanpain
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5132:113P/Spitaler
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5087:27P/Crommelin
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5069:
5067:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5054:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5022:324P/La Sagra
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5002:
5001:118401 LINEAR
4999:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4975:
4972:
4969:
4966:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4954:
4952:
4950:
4944:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4897:289P/Blanpain
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4852:178P/Hug–Bell
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4802:141P/Machholz
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4749:
4747:
4741:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4444:27P/Crommelin
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4292:
4288:
4283:
4279:
4274:
4270:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4246:
4244:
4238:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4088:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4067:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4039:
4036:
4035:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4009:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3987:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3971:
3970:Unknown-orbit
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3957:
3956:
3953:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3914:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3906:
3902:
3897:
3891:
3881:
3880:Meteor shower
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3852:
3850:
3846:
3842:
3838:
3831:
3826:
3824:
3819:
3817:
3812:
3811:
3808:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3788:
3784:
3783:Orbit diagram
3780:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3764:
3760:
3757:
3756:
3754:
3750:
3749:
3744:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3677:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3660:
3640:
3633:
3625:
3621:
3615:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3584:
3568:
3564:
3558:
3542:
3538:
3531:
3520:September 27,
3516:
3512:
3505:
3497:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3474:
3458:
3454:
3447:
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3433:
3429:
3424:
3423:
3414:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3379:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3348:
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3328:
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3312:
3307:
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3264:
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3256:
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3203:
3196:
3188:
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3176:
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3141:
3137:
3133:
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3117:
3110:
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3096:
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3053:
3049:
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3003:
2996:
2988:
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2698:
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2650:
2641:
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2609:
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2597:
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2455:
2449:
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2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2408:
2406:
2398:
2384:
2377:
2370:
2361:September 19,
2357:
2353:
2347:
2340:
2339:0-297-81847-3
2336:
2332:
2326:
2310:
2303:
2301:
2293:
2288:
2272:
2268:
2261:
2253:
2249:
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2241:
2237:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2208:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2155:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2102:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2072:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2045:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2015:
1999:
1995:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1957:
1941:
1937:
1931:
1923:
1922:
1917:
1910:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1757:
1742:
1738:
1731:
1723:
1719:
1714:
1709:
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1701:
1697:
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1682:
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1662:
1658:
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1620:
1616:
1615:
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1603:
1587:
1583:
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1570:
1562:
1556:
1552:
1551:
1543:
1528:
1524:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1485:
1469:
1465:
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1457:
1448:
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1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1381:
1379:
1362:
1355:
1348:
1339:September 18,
1335:
1331:
1325:
1323:
1314:
1310:
1304:
1302:
1290:September 18,
1285:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1262:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1222:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1203:
1198:
1196:
1188:
1183:
1174:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1155:Heaven's Gate
1151:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1101:
1091:
1089:
1079:
1074:
1072:
1067:
1057:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1022:
1012:
1010:
1000:
998:
994:
990:
986:
981:
979:
974:
970:
960:
958:
952:
950:
946:
942:
937:
935:
931:
930:neutral atoms
926:
917:
908:
904:
902:
898:
890:
880:
878:
874:
870:
865:
863:
859:
855:
849:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
826:perpendicular
823:
817:
815:
810:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
788:ancient Egypt
785:
775:
766:
761:
752:
741:
736:
727:
722:
713:
694:
680:
662:
653:
651:
646:
642:
637:
635:
616:
612:
602:
600:
595:
591:
586:
584:
580:
576:
572:
571:solar eclipse
568:
563:
560:
556:
554:
549:
540:
532:
523:
521:
517:
512:
510:
506:
505:comet nucleus
502:
498:
494:
490:
485:
481:
477:
467:
465:
460:
458:
454:
453:Western Union
449:
445:
441:
436:
434:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
408:
406:
402:
392:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
364:
360:
356:
347:
344:
339:
335:
329:
325:
322:Mean diameter
319:
315:
313:
309:
304:
301:~4383–4387 AD
300:
296:
289:
287:April 1, 1997
286:
285:
283:
279:
275:
273:
269:
265:
258:
254:
252:
248:
244:
242:
238:
235:
231:
229:
225:
221:
219:
215:
211:
209:
205:
202:
199:
197:
193:
189:
187:
183:
177:
175:
171:
168:
164:
157:
154:
153:
151:
148:
143:
138:
104:
102:Pronunciation
100:
95:
92:July 23, 1995
91:
87:
81:
78:
76:
73:
72:
70:
68:
64:
59:
55:in April 1997
54:
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
6591:Great comets
6550:Solar System
6162:C/2001 OG108
6030:
5954:Arend–Roland
5675:
5315:103P/Hartley
5305:(2005, 2011)
5291:19P/Borrelly
5239:75D/Kohoutek
5224:20D/Westphal
5147:177P/Barnard
5142:157P/Tritton
5137:122P/de Vico
5012:259P/Garradd
4847:177P/Barnard
4807:144P/Kushida
4792:122P/de Vico
4782:108P/Ciffréo
4772:103P/Hartley
4762:96P/Machholz
4694:77P/Longmore
4684:75D/Kohoutek
4539:46P/Wirtanen
4529:44P/Reinmuth
4459:30P/Reinmuth
4409:20D/Westphal
4404:19P/Borrelly
4002:Interstellar
3955:Non-periodic
3794:
3786:
3778:
3770:
3762:
3746:
3701:
3697:
3642:. Retrieved
3632:
3623:
3614:
3602:. Retrieved
3598:the original
3593:
3583:
3571:. Retrieved
3566:
3557:
3545:. Retrieved
3541:the original
3530:
3518:. Retrieved
3514:
3504:
3487:
3483:
3473:
3461:. Retrieved
3457:the original
3446:
3422:Great Comets
3421:
3413:
3401:. Retrieved
3397:the original
3392:
3388:
3378:
3366:. Retrieved
3362:the original
3357:
3347:
3330:
3326:
3320:
3293:
3289:
3279:
3254:
3250:
3244:
3232:. Retrieved
3225:the original
3212:
3208:
3195:
3162:
3158:
3152:
3119:
3115:
3109:
3082:
3078:
3068:
3056:. Retrieved
3051:
3042:
3009:
3005:
2995:
2952:
2948:
2910:
2906:
2896:
2855:
2851:
2809:
2805:
2799:
2764:
2760:
2750:
2707:
2703:
2663:
2659:
2649:
2622:
2618:
2608:
2575:
2571:
2564:
2529:
2525:
2515:
2478:
2472:
2462:
2421:
2417:
2397:perturbation
2387:. Retrieved
2376:
2359:. Retrieved
2346:
2325:
2313:. Retrieved
2287:
2275:. Retrieved
2271:the original
2260:
2217:
2213:
2207:
2164:
2160:
2154:
2111:
2107:
2101:
2091:November 25,
2089:. Retrieved
2085:the original
2071:
2054:
2050:
2044:
2034:November 23,
2032:. Retrieved
2028:the original
2014:
2002:. Retrieved
1997:
1966:
1962:
1956:
1944:. Retrieved
1939:
1930:
1919:
1909:
1876:
1872:
1826:
1822:
1770:
1766:
1756:
1744:. Retrieved
1730:
1695:
1691:
1681:
1648:
1644:
1638:
1630:
1623:. Retrieved
1619:the original
1612:
1602:
1590:. Retrieved
1586:the original
1581:
1549:
1542:
1530:. Retrieved
1494:
1490:
1484:
1474:December 18,
1472:. Retrieved
1468:the original
1422:
1418:
1393:
1367:December 17,
1365:. Retrieved
1354:
1337:. Retrieved
1313:the original
1288:. Retrieved
1245:(Waterhouse)
1242:
1226:
1219:
1206:
1199:
1191:
1163:
1159:mass suicide
1152:
1144:David Tholen
1136:
1117:
1103:
1075:
1063:
1054:
1018:
1006:
993:solar nebula
982:
966:
953:
938:
922:
905:
886:
869:inclinations
866:
856:, or 4.4×10
850:
842:Solar System
818:
781:
764:
750:
739:
725:
711:
638:
608:
587:
577:and eastern
564:
559:The Internet
557:
545:
513:
473:
461:
437:
409:
398:
367:
358:
354:
353:
241:Eccentricity
97:Designations
36:
6538:Outer space
6526:Spaceflight
6426: [
6404: [
6300:C/2015 ER61
6009:C/2013 US10
5596: [
5554: [
5249:85D/Boethin
5244:83D/Russell
5229:25D/Neujmin
5032:354P/LINEAR
4990:167P/CINEOS
4980:165P/LINEAR
4962:2060 Chiron
4957:596 Scheila
4927:354P/LINEAR
4922:333P/LINEAR
4882:252P/LINEAR
4877:249P/LINEAR
4862:209P/LINEAR
4757:92P/Sanguin
4734:85D/Boethin
4724:83D/Russell
4719:82P/Gehrels
4699:78P/Gehrels
4649:68P/Klemola
4639:66P/du Toit
4549:48P/Johnson
4519:42P/Neujmin
4509:40P/Väisälä
4489:36P/Whipple
4449:28P/Neujmin
4434:25D/Neujmin
4339:6P/d'Arrest
4242:speculation
4240:Culture and
4069:Exploration
3977:Great Comet
3933:Halley-type
3928:Long period
3704:: 136–145.
3644:January 31,
3463:October 14,
3403:December 6,
3368:October 30,
3296:(1): 1–12.
3234:October 29,
3215:: 985–995.
3058:October 14,
2428:: 441–450.
2389:December 5,
2315:October 23,
2057:: 155–156.
1946:October 23,
1829:(1): 3–25.
1625:December 7,
1592:October 30,
1425:(1): 3–15.
1396:. 1995-P01.
1041:Kuiper belt
1032:sublimation
973:heavy water
949:ultraviolet
911:Sodium tail
889:astronomers
792:6th dynasty
790:during the
747: Earth
601:observers.
424:Sagittarius
405:Thomas Bopp
389:great comet
373:Thomas Bopp
332:Mean radius
272:Inclination
257:Barycentric
178:2022-Sep-15
80:Thomas Bopp
6560:Categories
6374:Stonehouse
6327:Seki–Lines
6275:Pan-STARRS
6265:Oukaimeden
6140:C/2000 WM1
6063:Ikeya-Seki
5940:After 1910
5896:2I/Borisov
5654:After 1990
5348:Until 1990
5265:spacecraft
5263:Visited by
5214:5D/Brorsen
5107:69P/Taylor
5082:17P/Holmes
5077:15P/Finlay
5027:331P/Gibbs
4947:Comet-like
4752:88P/Howell
4743:After 1985
4729:84P/Giclas
4659:70P/Kojima
4654:69P/Taylor
4504:39P/Oterma
4494:37P/Forbes
4474:33P/Daniel
4394:17P/Holmes
4389:16P/Brooks
4384:15P/Finlay
4374:13P/Olbers
4359:10P/Tempel
4334:5D/Brorsen
4305:Until 1985
4167:2I/Borisov
4050:Oort cloud
3982:Sungrazing
3965:Hyperbolic
3943:Encke-type
3875:Comet dust
2369:barycenter
2331:Kent Weeks
2311:. JPL/NASA
2114:(2): 121.
2004:October 9,
1497:(6): 311.
1347:barycenter
1257:References
1202:95P/Chiron
1094:UFO claims
1045:Oort cloud
1028:volatility
822:Oort cloud
814:hieroglyph
784:perihelion
684:Polar view
573:in China,
526:Perihelion
516:perihelion
455:telegram.
412:New Mexico
381:perihelion
312:Dimensions
262:2364–2520
218:Perihelion
196:Orbit type
190:29.2 years
53:perihelion
6502:Astronomy
6440:Zhu–Balam
6394:C/2020 F8
6389:C/2012 E2
6384:C/2006 M4
6342:C/2013 A1
6337:C/2007 Q3
6317:Pojmański
6305:C/2017 K2
6295:C/2014 Q1
6285:C/2012 K1
6280:C/2011 L4
6270:ʻOumuamua
6260:Nishimura
6248:C/2002 V1
6243:C/2001 Q4
6221:C/2009 R1
6216:C/2006 P1
6194:C/2014 Q2
6189:C/2013 R1
6184:C/2011 W3
6179:C/2007 E2
6167:C/2007 F1
6150:C/2002 T7
6145:C/2001 A2
6135:C/1999 S4
6113:C/2019 U6
6108:C/2018 C2
6103:C/2012 F6
6056:C/1964 N1
6051:C/1963 A1
6041:Hyakutake
6031:Hale-Bopp
6004:C/1999 F1
5989:Bradfield
5964:Beljawsky
5942:(by name)
5385:C/1652 Y1
5340:(notable)
5309:C/2006 P1
5303:9P/Tempel
5279:1P/Halley
5202:Not found
5181:Destroyed
5065:Recovered
5007:238P/Read
4985:166P/NEAT
4949:asteroids
4912:323P/SOHO
4907:322P/SOHO
4887:255P/Levy
4872:246P/NEAT
4867:238P/Read
4842:169P/NEAT
4797:126P/IRAS
4745:(notable)
4664:71P/Clark
4559:50P/Arend
4419:22P/Kopff
4354:9P/Tempel
4349:8P/Tuttle
4314:1P/Halley
4217:C/2014 UN
4187:C/2017 U7
3948:Main-belt
3775:Ephemeris
3767:Discovery
3743:Hale–Bopp
3736:119201510
3711:1404.2562
3567:Space.com
3547:April 28,
3333:: L5–L8.
3187:122481110
3144:122481110
2834:118693620
2791:129323918
2742:119405749
2556:120740179
2491:CiteSeerX
2277:August 9,
2252:119113598
2227:1104.4351
2199:119197339
2174:1210.2785
2121:0803.1505
1901:120776226
1851:189899565
1722:121572975
1673:117124838
1447:121368997
1243:Hale Bopp
1084:P/2006 VW
1056:minutes.
1021:noble gas
969:deuterium
812:" is the
548:naked eye
493:precovery
440:telescope
401:Alan Hale
395:Discovery
391:of 1997.
377:naked eye
369:Alan Hale
348:0.01–0.07
158:C/1995 O1
75:Alan Hale
61:Discovery
18:Hale-Bopp
6475:Category
6364:Southern
6211:McNaught
6206:Machholz
6093:Kohoutek
5999:Catalina
5974:Boattini
5297:81P/Wild
5234:34D/Gale
5188:3D/Biela
4714:81P/Wild
4634:65P/Gunn
4624:63P/Wild
4479:34D/Gale
4379:14P/Wolf
4324:3D/Biela
4319:2P/Encke
4295:Periodic
4060:Asteroid
3997:Exocomet
3918:Numbered
3913:Periodic
3870:Antitail
3848:Features
3676:Archived
3573:July 17,
3052:Stardust
2987:16759616
2888:34317575
2880:11543290
2600:43229796
2424:(S236).
2354:output.
2352:Horizons
2341:, p. 198
2220:: 4351.
2167:(1): 8.
2146:13344162
1998:Stardust
1388:(1995).
1332:output.
1330:Horizons
1231:See also
1166:"Nibiru"
1114:Art Bell
1051:Rotation
1003:Organics
985:hydrogen
858:megatons
846:aphelion
830:ecliptic
575:Mongolia
448:galaxies
259:2399 yr)
222:0.914 au
208:Aphelion
6488:Portals
6435:Yi–SWAN
6312:Pereyra
6255:NEOWISE
6174:Lovejoy
6120:Leonard
6088:Johnson
6083:Jacques
6078:Iwamoto
6036:Humason
6021:Eclipse
5979:Borisov
5969:Bennett
4329:4P/Faye
4028:Centaur
4011:Related
3992:Extinct
3855:Nucleus
3745:at the
3716:Bibcode
3604:July 5,
3335:Bibcode
3298:Bibcode
3259:Bibcode
3217:Bibcode
3167:Bibcode
3124:Bibcode
3087:Bibcode
3034:9278508
3014:Bibcode
3006:Science
2967:Bibcode
2915:Bibcode
2860:Bibcode
2814:Bibcode
2769:Bibcode
2722:Bibcode
2668:Bibcode
2627:Bibcode
2580:Bibcode
2534:Bibcode
2483:Bibcode
2430:Bibcode
2232:Bibcode
2179:Bibcode
2126:Bibcode
2059:Bibcode
1971:Bibcode
1881:Bibcode
1831:Bibcode
1803:4342525
1795:8600385
1775:Bibcode
1746:July 5,
1700:Bibcode
1653:Bibcode
1532:July 5,
1499:Bibcode
1427:Bibcode
1146:of the
1106:Houston
1066:nucleus
1036:Krypton
945:nucleus
838:gravity
834:Jupiter
804:Saqqara
800:pyramid
796:Pepi II
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555:skies.
480:Jupiter
290:2215 BC
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6130:LINEAR
6098:Lemmon
6026:Elenin
5994:Brooks
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5959:Austin
5338:comets
5323:(2014)
5317:(2010)
5311:(2007)
5299:(2004)
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5287:(1992)
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5275:(1985)
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