33:
193:"The mode of acquiring lands by what is called Deeds of Gift is to be entirely discontinued, for, by the King's instructions, no Private Person, Society, Corporation or colony is capable of acquiring any property in lands belonging to the Indians, either by purchase, or grant or conveyance from the Indians, excepting only where the lands lie within the limits of any colony the soil of which has been vested in Proprietaries or Corporations by grants from the Crown; in which cases such Proprietaries or Corporations only shall be capable of acquiring such property by purchase or grants from the Indians."
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comfortable retreat for them and others of the Five
Nations, who have either lost their settlements within the Territory of the American States, or wish to retire from them to the British—I have at the earnest desire of many of these His Majesty's faithful Allies purchased a tract of land from the Indians situated between the Lakes Ontario, Erie and Huron and I do hereby in His Majesty's name authorize and permit the said
151:, to obtain a promise from the Crown that if the Iroquois fought on the British side, they would obtain a land grant in Canada. During and after the American Revolution, American colonists confiscated land and property from those who were Loyalists during the war. The British government compensated both Indian and non-Indian Loyalists with cash payments for their losses.
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Government officials originally interpreted the grant as prohibiting the
Indians from leasing or selling the land to anyone but the government. Joseph Brant countered that Haldimand had promised the Indians freehold land tenure equal to that enjoyed by the colony's Loyalist settlers. As freeholders,
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and such others of the Five Nation
Indians as wish to settle in that quarter to take possession of and settle upon the Banks of the River commonly called Ours or Grand River, running into Lake Erie, allotting to them for that purpose six miles deep from each side of the river beginning at Lake Erie
225:
land board that the middle of the grant should not follow the exact windings of the river, but that it should be drawn from an easterly bend near the river's mouth straight to the Mohawk village. Although the government alleges that the Six
Nations agreed to the accuracy of the information gathered
213:
Although the overall limits of the lands mentioned in the proclamation were clearly defined, "extending in that proportion to the head of the said river", the Crown contended that the grant was limited by the extent of land they had previously purchased and that they could not grant land which they
110:
Given under my hand and seal at arms, at the Castle of St Lewis at Quebec, this twenty-fifth day of
October one thousand seven hundred and eighty-four and in the twenty-fifth year of the reign of Our Sovereign Lord George The Third by the Grace of God of Great Britain, France and Ireland, King,
99:
Whereas His
Majesty having been pleased to direct that in consideration of the early attachment to his cause manifested by the Mohawk Indians, and of the loss of their settlement which they thereby sustained—that a convenient tract of land under his protection should be chosen as a safe and
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78:
was sent to negotiate the sale of approximately 3,000,000 acres of land located between Lakes Huron, Ontario, and Erie for £1180.00 from the
Mississaugas of the Credit. Of the land ceded, some 550,000 acres were granted to the
253:, to deal with land issues, stated, "We are surprised to find that Government says that we own the Lands to the Falls only as we have the Writings to prove otherwise. We have them here and are ready to produce them."
214:
did not already own. In May 1784, Haldimand had purchased a tract of land from the
Mississaugas, which was referred to in the grant as generally "situated between the Lakes Ontario, Erie and Huron". In fact, the
201:
stated that the
Indians could not lease their land since British subjects could lease land only from British subjects. Brant considered the right to lease or sell land as a litmus test for Indian sovereignty.
503:
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during the 1791 survey, the resulting documentation in the form of a map signed by the Land Board and the Six Nation chiefs was subsequently "believed lost or destroyed".
750:
205:
The Crown said that the grant was for all members of the Six
Nations, but Brant said the land should be only for members of the Six Nations who lived on the land.
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In 1791, at the request of the Six Nations, an initial survey was completed. It was agreed between Joseph Brant, Henry Tekarihoga, and other chiefs with the
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of the Grand River is located some thirty miles beyond the limits of land that the Crown maintained that it had previously purchased from the Mississaugas.
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Chiefs Council announced a moratorium on development within the entire Haldimand Tract. This call was acknowledged and supported by the
555:
241:". In this survey, the size of the grant was described as 674,910 acres (2,731.3 km) As early as July 4, 1819, Six Nations chief
710:
84:
71:
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Cases Decided on the British North America Act, 1867 in The Privy Council, The Supreme Court of Canada and the Provincial Courts
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adopted the position that it had failed to obtain title to the entire valley at the time of its purchase from the Mississaugas.
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was signed between others of the Six Nations and the American government. The granted land had to be purchased from the
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and extending in that proportion to the head of the said river, which them and their posterity are to enjoy for ever."
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279:, in an effort to present a unified front while land claims disputes were sorted out with the federal government.
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The Valley Of The Six Nations: A Collection of Documents on the Indian Lands of the Grand River
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whose traditional territory spans much of modern-day Southwestern Ontario. On May 22, 1784,
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The Crown's position was that the extent of the land was as determined in the subsequent
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the Indians could lease or sell land to the highest bidder. In 1793, Lieutenant Governor
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a few months before, travelled to London, England, in November 1775, on the eve of the
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530:"Haudenosaunee chiefs declare development moratorium across entire Haldimand Tract"
504:"Six Nations hereditary leaders declare development moratorium in Haldimand Tract"
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556:"Elected chief of Six Nations tries to unify sides ahead of land claim fight"
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In April 2021, nine months into the land reclamation action by the people at
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survey of 1821, drawing a northern boundary near the present location of
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249:), son of Joseph Brant, in a speech at a council held near present-day
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594:
Indian Records, R.G. 10, Ser. 2, XV, 132–33, PAC; B222,106, PAC
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acting as an agent of purchase on behalf of the government.
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Grand River land dispute § Moratorium on development
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Cases Decided on the British North America Act, 1867...
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is also referred to as the "Between the Lakes Treaty."
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that granted land to the Mohawk (or Kanien'kehà:ka) (
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By early 1783, Brant had selected the valley of the
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751:History of the Regional Municipality of Waterloo
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54:) who had served on the British side during the
83:in the Haldimand Proclamation. The sale by the
58:. The decree was issued by the Governor of the
190:On April 26, 1784, Frederick Haldimand wrote:
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237:, referred to at the time of the survey as "
66:, on October 25, 1784, three days after the
622:Joseph Brant, 1743-1807, Man of Two Worlds
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162:agreed. The land was acquired from the
143:, who had been ejected from his post as
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601:The Iroquois in the American Revolution
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316:Mississaugas of the Credit First Nation
312:"Between the Lakes Treaty No. 3 (1792)"
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342:"Map of Ontario treaties and reserves"
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185:
166:in May 1784, with Lieutenant-Colonel
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95:The text of the proclamation reads:
90:
665:, 1892, Warwick & Sons, Toronto
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111:Defender of the Faith and so forth.
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502:Antonacci, J. P. (20 April 2021).
158:as a place of settlement; in 1784
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762:
669:
584:Johnson, Charles M., ed. (1964).
554:Forester, Brett (26 April 2021).
528:Forester, Brett (20 April 2021).
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711:First Nations history in Ontario
145:Superintendent of Indian Affairs
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736:Province of Quebec (1763–1791)
590:. University of Toronto Press.
438:"Map of Grand River watershed"
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289:Six Nations of the Grand River
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690:Mohawk Nation and Such others
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27:Proclamation decree of Canada
36:Thomas Ridout survey of 1821
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277:Six Nations Elected Council
120:By His Excellency's Command
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716:Indian reserves in Ontario
598:Graymont, Barbara (1972).
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85:Mississaugas of the Credit
72:Mississaugas of the Credit
682:The Canadian Encyclopedia
273:Haudenosaunee Confederacy
257:Moratorium on development
366:Between the Lakes Treaty
294:
619:Kelsey, Isabel (1984).
677:Haldimand Proclamation
508:The Hamilton Spectator
126:
113:
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68:Treaty of Fort Stanwix
43:Haldimand Proclamation
37:
721:Grand River (Ontario)
640:Taylor, Alan (2006).
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108:
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35:
746:History of Brantford
726:1784 in British law
322:on 10 February 2022
269:1492 Land Back Lane
209:Extent of the lands
186:Nature of the grant
160:Frederick Haldimand
149:American Revolution
64:Frederick Haldimand
56:American Revolution
675:Michelle Filice, "
644:The Divided Ground
560:APTN National News
534:APTN National News
199:John Graves Simcoe
60:Province of Quebec
38:
632:978-0-8156-0182-1
403:, pp. 68–69.
391:, pp. 43–44.
379:, pp. 50–51.
251:Hamilton, Ontario
91:Proclamation text
16:(Redirected from
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688:Grand Back, "
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563:. Retrieved
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490:Johnson 1964
475:Johnson 1964
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446:. Retrieved
442:the original
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425:Johnson 1964
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401:Johnson 1964
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389:Johnson 1964
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463:Kelsey 1984
168:John Butler
156:Grand River
141:Guy Johnson
700:Categories
578:References
351:22 October
326:23 October
247:Tekarihoga
243:John Brant
129:Background
124:R. Mathews
239:The Falls
175:the Crown
539:23 April
513:23 April
283:See also
448:20 June
173:Later,
706:Tracts
652:
629:
608:
271:, the
134:Mohawk
48:decree
46:was a
565:2 May
295:Notes
650:ISBN
627:ISBN
606:ISBN
567:2021
541:2021
515:2021
450:2008
353:2020
328:2020
216:head
139:and
40:The
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
