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Benson traveled once again to
America to raise funds for the school, but was unsuccessful. Shortly after her return to Trinidad in 1972, she was murdered by Michael X and his associates. Jamal was not a suspect, but it was alleged that Michael X had ordered her death because she was causing "mental
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On May 1, 1973, Jamal was killed when four men burst into his apartment in Boston and shot him repeatedly. Police attributed the crime to a factional dispute, linked to Jamal's attacks on Elijah
Muhammad. It was blamed on a group known as De Mau Mau. Five members of the group were convicted of
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However, Jamal's views increasingly differed from
Karenga's. Jamal continued to emphasise his cousin's radical politics, while Karenga wished to root black Americans in African culture. Jamal saw no point in projects such as teaching
261:, in 1931. His father was an alcoholic, and his mother abandoned him when he was 6. Donaldson started regularly drinking alcohol when he was aged 10 and became a heroin user at 14. In his early 20s he spent four years in prison.
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Though married to fellow-activist
Dorothy Jamal, Jamal had several significant affairs. He had a brief relationship with actress Jean Seberg. His wife phoned Seberg's father to try to bring an end to the affair.
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in 1966, in which
Karenga was listed as chairman and Jamal as founder of the new group. Jamal argued that the ideas of Malcolm X should be the main ideological model for the group.
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Donaldson's violent temper led to his committal to a mental asylum, after two attempted murders. He later underwent a conversion to the teachings of the
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and renamed himself Hakim Jamal. He became a spokesman for the movement and contributed articles to various newspapers promoting Black Power. After
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Jamal eventually returned to his wife and moved back to Boston, where he revived his role as director of the
Malcolm X Foundation.
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described Benson as Jamal's "white-woman slave." Jamal and Benson traveled in
America seeking funds for a project to create a
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and promoting traditional
African rituals. He left "US" to establish the Malcolm X Foundation, based in
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Hakim Jamal FBI file as well as inventory of other FBI files on Jamal held by the
National Archives II
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left the Nation of Islam, Jamal supported his decision and was outspoken in his criticism of
237:. During his life, Jamal was romantically involved with several high-profile women, notably
225:; March 28, 1931 – May 1, 1973) was an American activist and writer. He was an associate of
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Fighting for US: Maulana
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and at this time Jamal became involved in a relationship with his London editor,
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for black children. Following an unsuccessful attempt to establish a commune in
538:(2002). "Michael X and the Black Power Killings in Trinidad: Peace and Power".
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Vennochi, Joan (January 1, 1987). "Dukakis Seeks Release of 3 in '73 Murder".
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690:"Jamal's friends blame murder on black racist De Mau Mau"
662:"Black Leader Slain by Boston Gunmen; Muslim Feud Hinted"
384:. She later wrote about their romance in her memoir
51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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856:Assassinated American civil rights activists
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765:From The Dead Level: Malcolm X and Me
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111:Learn how and when to remove this message
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585:'The Life and Death of Hakim Jamal'
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324:during the late 1960s where he met
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400:involvement in the murder.
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767:. New York: Random House.
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606:Make Believe: A True Story
421:In the Jean Seberg biopic
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294:Message to the Grassroot
280:Founding US Organization
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490:Brown, Scott (2003).
455:(November 30, 1980).
288:and others to found "
168:, Massachusetts, U.S.
702:on February 1, 2013.
457:"The Seberg Tragedy"
219:Hakim Abdullah Jamal
45:improve this article
846:American memoirists
542:. Pan. p. 179.
352:Black Power leader
306:Compton, California
231:From the Dead Level
190:Cause of death
748:. London: Granta.
667:The New York Times
523:The New York Times
462:The New York Times
404:In popular culture
369:strain" to Jamal.
364:Gale Benson murder
356:at his commune in
861:Converts to Islam
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179:(1973-05-01)
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43:Please help
38:verification
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816:1973 deaths
811:1931 births
453:Gussow, Mel
350:West Indian
326:Gale Benson
247:Gale Benson
239:Jean Seberg
200:Occupations
177:May 1, 1973
140:Gale Benson
127:Hakim Jamal
805:Categories
608:. London:
435:References
253:Early life
229:and wrote
158:1931-03-28
71:newspapers
744:(2004) .
725:294424240
604:(2004) .
354:Michael X
270:Malcolm X
235:Malcolm X
227:Michael X
795:FBI Docs
721:ProQuest
674:July 23,
646:July 22,
569:July 22,
468:July 23,
358:Trinidad
206:Activist
101:May 2020
562:The Age
302:Swahili
85:scholar
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342:Guyana
322:London
245:, and
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174:Died
148:Born
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