454:
34:
189:
181:
50:
662:
650:
638:
674:
446:
1159:
57:
483:
The landscape was primarily wood-pasture, with the pollarding of trees allowing enough light to reach the ground so there was enough grass and other growth to allow cattle to graze. The
Chapman and Andre map of Essex (1777) indicates there was a large open area in the centre-east, and open common
558:, in 1851. The deer were removed, the trees grubbed out using machines specially designed for the purpose, and 92-96% of the forest converted to farmland. The land became marginal agricultural land and subsequently a significant proportion has been built on. The destruction was deplored by Sir
572:
described how the outrage at the destruction of
Hainault led to the establishment of the modern conservation movement with the creation of conservation groups which successfully opposed such a fate happening to Hainault's "sister forest",
599:
Hainault Forest
Country Park protected areas include: open space parklands — with numerous public footpaths and a large lake; Hainault Forest Golf Club; and Foxburrows Farm — which is used in part for preserving rare breeds of animals.
2179:
626:
There have been calls for non-urbanised part of the former forest area - especially the agricultural parts - to be rewilded, especially where that links surviving areas of wildlife rich habitat.
603:
Much of the remainder of the remnant, or the formerly forested area is built up, or consists of poor quality arable land. Other formerly forested areas are managed as public open spaces such as
2109:
514:. The Forest passed to the Crown with the King therefore enjoying the rights of the landowner as well as the royal forest rights he already enjoyed. The Forest was sometimes also known as
2144:
2054:
2149:
3042:
805:
3037:
220:
which was mostly destroyed after 1851. Popular outrage at the destruction of most of the forest was an important catalyst for the creation of the modern environmental movement.
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690:
73:
2199:
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542:
and beano. The occasion quickly grew and eventually crowds of 200,000 or more would come to the fair. After the forest was largely destroyed, the fair continued at nearby
2506:
2204:
2129:
2036:
1088:
2184:
2174:
2139:
3052:
2159:
2134:
2124:
2114:
2099:
165:
1059:
3047:
2154:
2104:
2094:
2084:
2074:
2522:
2189:
2169:
2164:
2119:
2089:
2079:
2064:
2059:
695:
2069:
596:, a total of 804 acres (3.3 km) of land was bought for public use on 21 July 1906. It included 253 acres (1.0 km) of woodland and rough pasture.
584:, in which ordinary East Londoners played a major role, has been described as "the first major victory, in Europe, for the modern conservation movement".
104:
265:
The
Redbridge section of the park is managed by Vision Redbridge on behalf of Redbridge Council. Across the border, the Essex section is managed by the
1663:
1044:
2209:
985:
2242:
89:
2029:
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applied, meaning that only the King had the right to hunt deer. The term did not mean the land was well wooded: the large majority of the
49:
480:
where the landowner benefitted from certain rights, with local commoners benefitted from common rights such as pollarding and grazing.
649:
637:
2022:
1074:
538:. Day began the fair as a benefit for his workers - they dined on beans and bacon, and this may be the origin of the English words
3032:
413:
gradually shrank in size as land was removed from Forest Law and it was replaced by a number of much smaller forests including
673:
2513:
661:
2568:
437:
area was only lightly wooded. The place name
Waltham Forest had passed out of use by the end of the seventeenth century.
259:
25:
2235:
950:
830:
The Place Names of Essex, PH Reaney, English Place Name
Society, Volume XII, Cambridge University Press, Reissued 1969
2608:
2553:
3022:
2853:
2798:
453:
418:
736:
172:
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3017:
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1097:
593:
33:
3012:
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2673:
2362:
1714:
511:
470:
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2558:
2272:
2228:
1457:
1437:
414:
223:
Less than a tenth of the original forest survives, with many of the surviving fragments managed as a part of
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783:
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1306:
97:
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235:
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2613:
1982:
1432:
1377:
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758:
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The forest land, which had previously been managed as a common, was enclosed (privatised) following an
239:
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1987:
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354:. The old spelling continued in parallel with the more fashionable modern spelling for many years.
462:
329:
258:
With an area of 135.31 hectares (334.4 acres), Hainault Forest
Country Park has been designated a
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1750:
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2427:
2347:
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The Forest was a popular leisure resource for East Enders especially at the time of the annual
247:
193:
1021:
Chapman and Andre map of Essex, 1777. The map shows the
Fairlop Oak set within Hainault Forest
940:
890:
342:
is therefore a tautology meaning "Monastic
Community Woodland Forest". The modern spelling of
2971:
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2633:
2332:
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1412:
1331:
1251:
375:
461:
Although the monarch held hunting and associated rights, most of the forest was part of the
283:
This is a 59-mile (95 km) long-distance circular path which passes through
Hainault Forest,
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1961:
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347:
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2014:
8:
2991:
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1931:
1891:
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398:, which covered nearly all of the county. The term Forest was a legal term, meaning that
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1719:
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1241:
1128:
993:
946:
905:
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277:
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Oaks from the Forest were harvested to build ships for the Royal Navy, most notably
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1941:
1936:
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527:
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288:
198:
324:, with the community referred to being the ancient female monastic community of
234:
The country park is located on the edge of Greater London, with portions in the
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2003:
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83:
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106:
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is first recorded in 1590, and is due to a fictitious connection with Queen
276:
Hainault Forest is one of the three forests of west Essex alluded to in the
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2773:
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1851:
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After public pressure to retain some remnant of Hainault Forest, headed by
498:. The harvesting of trees to build warships did not lead to deforestation.
445:
387:
367:
228:
184:
The footpath into Hainault Forest from Lambourne End, on a November morning
2250:
510:, was suppressed by Henry VIII in 1539, and its assets seized, during the
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1118:
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927:
534:. The Fair was founded in 1725, by Daniel Day, a marine engineer from
2906:
2763:
2417:
1633:
562:
in his works on London: the forest is also the setting for his novel
518:
after this change. Common rights appear to have continued unchanged.
362:
The Chapman and Andre map of 1777 shows the Forest extending west to
243:
1926:
852:
425:
was a legally defined area which included the areas later known as
2521:
604:
535:
506:
The nunnery of Barking Abbey, established in the 7th century by
394:
in the 12th century. At the time it was part of the much larger
333:
269:, who hold a long-term lease for the management by its owners,
986:"Birds, beavers and microparks: experts plan to rewild London"
895:, Volume 10, Issue 3, Part 1, By Britton, pub. T. Maiden, 1815
691:
List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Greater London
213:
2044:
1042:
London Gardens Online: Hainault Forest Country Park website
1020:
965:
Woodlands, The New Naturalist Library, Oliver Rackham, p416
332:, of which most of Hainault Forest, along with the rest of
546:, with the last gathering of any size occurring in 1900.
494:(launched in 1798), which was famous for its role in the
484:
land and a little coppice woodland around the periphery.
386:
The area is thought to have been given legal status as a
3043:
Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Redbridge
3038:
Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Havering
2252:
Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Greater London
378:
in 1544 its extent was some 3,000 acres (12 km).
312:
in 1239. The name comes from two place name elements;
841:
http://www.hainaultforest.co.uk/10Hainault%20name.htm
696:
List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Essex
530:, held on the first Friday of July beside the famous
1096:
212:was a large wooded area in the English counties of
449:Ordnance Survey drawing of the Forest, around 1805
205:was made from oaks harvested from Hainault Forest.
881:History of the Countryside, Oliver Rackham, 90-92
16:Natural area in Greater London and Essex, England
3004:
655:Hainault Forest on a misty November morning 2013
643:Hainault Forest on a misty November morning 2013
501:
440:
3053:Sites of Special Scientific Interest in London
974:Mr Buxton is credited in D'Anvers 1907, p. 72.
587:
3048:Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Essex
2523:Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Essex
2507:
2236:
2030:
1082:
826:
824:
822:
1054:Natural England: Citation — Hainault Forest
759:"Natural England citation, Hainault Forest"
2514:
2500:
2243:
2229:
2037:
2023:
1089:
1075:
320:, which translates into modern English as
32:
819:
679:Damselfly on reeds at the Lake, June 2014
304:The first recorded use of the name is as
452:
444:
187:
179:
2045:Parks and open spaces by London borough
938:
56:
3005:
983:
713:
711:
299:
2495:
2224:
2018:
1070:
839:History of Hainault Forest website -
417:(which gives its name to the modern
38:Hornbeam pollards in Hainault Forest
1026:
928:https://www.hainaultforest.net/fair
898:
708:
260:Site of Special Scientific Interest
26:Site of Special Scientific Interest
13:
2569:Blake's Wood & Lingwood Common
14:
3064:
2609:Cornmill Stream and Old River Lea
1014:
2854:West Thurrock Lagoon and Marshes
2799:Stour and Copperas Woods, Ramsey
1157:
672:
660:
648:
636:
465:, which was held by the nuns of
419:London Borough of Waltham Forest
55:
48:
2654:Garnetts Wood and Barnston Lays
1715:Rainham, Wennington, and Aveley
1098:Parks and open spaces in London
977:
968:
959:
932:
920:
884:
875:
3033:Forests and woodlands of Essex
2554:Belcher's and Broadfield Woods
942:The History of the Countryside
863:
845:
833:
798:
776:
751:
729:
582:campaign to save Epping Forest
549:
512:dissolution of the monasteries
471:Dissolution of the Monasteries
231:also includes other habitats.
64:Location within Greater London
1:
2937:Little Oakley Channel Deposit
2559:Benfleet and Southend Marshes
984:Horton, Helena (2022-05-13).
945:. Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
892:Beauties of England and Wales
701:
667:Bluebells in late April, 2014
613:Hainault Lodge Nature Reserve
381:
2892:The Cliff, Burnham-on-Crouch
2887:Clacton Cliffs and Foreshore
2814:Thrift Wood, Woodham Ferrers
2694:Hangman's Wood and Deneholes
1307:Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park
1035:Hainault Forest Country Park
502:Dissolution of Barking Abbey
457:The Fairlop Oak, around 1812
441:Common rights and management
253:
225:Hainault Forest Country Park
147:135.31 ha (334.4 acres)
7:
2674:Great Wood and Dodd's Grove
2604:The Coppice, Kelvedon Hatch
684:
605:Fairlop Waters Country Park
588:Preservation of the remnant
236:London Borough of Redbridge
10:
3069:
2859:West Wood, Little Sampford
2829:Turnford and Cheshunt Pits
2614:Crouch and Roach Estuaries
1155:
629:
609:Hainault Recreation Ground
521:
294:
240:London Borough of Havering
2872:
2839:Vange and Fobbing Marshes
2754:Mucking Flats and Marshes
2529:
2441:
2258:
2050:
1996:
1975:
1844:
1743:
1735:WWT London Wetland Centre
1672:
1609:
1456:
1365:
1166:
1104:
872:preserves the connection.
853:"Hainault Forest Website"
617:Hainault Forest Golf Club
357:
171:
161:
151:
143:
135:
96:
82:
72:
43:
31:
24:
2819:Thundersley Great Common
2744:Little Hallingbury Marsh
2684:Hales and Shadwell Woods
2669:Grays Thurrock Chalk Pit
2268:Barn Elms Wetland Centre
1060:"Map of Hainault Forest"
939:Rackham, Oliver (1994).
621:Redbridge Cycling Centre
3023:Country parks in London
2368:Kempton Park Reservoirs
406:was agricultural land.
374:. In a survey made for
366:and Claybury, north to
173:Natural England website
3028:Epping Forest District
3018:Country parks in Essex
2699:Hanningfield Reservoir
2428:Walthamstow Reservoirs
2145:Kensington and Chelsea
2110:Hammersmith and Fulham
737:"Hainault Forest SSSI"
458:
450:
328:, which held the huge
248:Epping Forest District
206:
194:The Fighting Temeraire
185:
3013:Common land in London
2972:Purfleet Road, Aveley
2864:Woodham Walter Common
2784:Roding Valley Meadows
2729:Holland Haven Marshes
2333:Hampstead Heath Woods
1988:London Wetland Centre
456:
448:
191:
183:
2927:Holland-on-Sea Cliff
2739:Inner Thames Marshes
2574:Bovingdon Hall Woods
2363:Inner Thames Marshes
2288:Chingford Reservoirs
2180:Richmond upon Thames
2150:Kingston upon Thames
2055:Barking and Dagenham
1962:Valence House Museum
1673:Marshes and wetlands
1586:Wimbledon and Putney
1202:Beckenham Place Park
857:hainaultforest.co.uk
723:hainaultforest.co.uk
564:All in a Garden Fair
476:It was managed as a
348:Philippa of Hainault
336:, were then a part.
271:Essex County Council
120:51.62167°N 0.12917°E
2992:Wivenhoe Gravel Pit
2967:Purfleet Chalk Pits
2882:Ardleigh Gravel Pit
2834:Upper Colne Marshes
2423:Walthamstow Marshes
2358:Ingrebourne Marshes
2210:City of Westminster
1932:Manor House Gardens
806:"Three Forests Way"
594:Edward North Buxton
496:Battle of Trafalgar
350:, the wife of King
300:Origin and toponymy
116: /
21:
2952:Marks Tey Brickpit
2912:Goldsands Road Pit
2564:Blackwater Estuary
2539:Abberton Reservoir
2476:Hornchurch Cutting
2408:Ruxley Gravel Pits
2323:Frays Farm Meadows
1976:Entry-fee charging
1907:Hampton Court Park
1730:Woodberry Wetlands
1062:. Natural England.
1047:2016-03-04 at the
459:
451:
433:; the rest of the
322:Community Woodland
308:in 1221, and then
207:
186:
19:
3000:
2999:
2922:Harwich Foreshore
2794:Sandbeach Meadows
2714:High Wood, Dunmow
2589:Cattawade Marshes
2489:
2488:
2218:
2217:
2012:
2011:
1997:Community gardens
1862:Boston Manor Park
908:. Hainault Forest
906:"The Fairlop Oak"
784:"Hainault Forest"
764:. Natural England
739:. Natural England
719:"HAINAULT FOREST"
556:Act of Parliament
278:Three Forests Way
178:
177:
125:51.62167; 0.12917
3060:
2962:Newney Green Pit
2659:Garrold's Meadow
2619:Curtismill Green
2549:Basildon Meadows
2516:
2509:
2502:
2493:
2492:
2433:Wimbledon Common
2388:Oxleas Woodlands
2378:Mid Colne Valley
2303:Denham Lock Wood
2245:
2238:
2231:
2222:
2221:
2039:
2032:
2025:
2016:
2015:
1942:Morden Hall Park
1937:Marble Hill Park
1912:Hillingdon Court
1897:Gunnersbury Park
1867:Broomfield House
1826:Repository Woods
1252:Forster Memorial
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786:. Woodland Trust
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467:abbey of Barking
463:Manor of Barking
370:, south-east to
330:Manor of Barking
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2849:Weeleyhall Wood
2724:Holehaven Creek
2709:Hatfield Forest
2679:Hainault Forest
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2328:Hainault Forest
2278:Brent Reservoir
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2013:
2008:
1992:
1971:
1887:Grovelands Park
1840:
1781:Grangewood Park
1739:
1668:
1654:Shepherd's Bush
1605:
1601:Wormwood Scrubs
1521:Hampstead Heath
1511:Hainault Forest
1506:Hackney Marshes
1452:
1408:Hainault Forest
1361:
1257:Hampstead Heath
1162:
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1049:Wayback Machine
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411:Forest of Essex
404:Forest of Essex
396:Forest of Essex
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340:Hainault Forest
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289:Hatfield Forest
256:
210:Hainault Forest
199:J. M. W. Turner
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2942:Lofts Farm Pit
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2824:Tiptree Heath
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2779:Riddles Wood
2774:Quendon Wood
2769:Pitsea Marsh
2749:Mill Meadows
2734:Hunsdon Mead
2704:Harlow Woods
2678:
2629:Debden Water
2579:Bullock Wood
2471:Harrow Weald
2456:Elmstead Pit
2413:Saltbox Hill
2343:Hayes Common
2338:Happy Valley
2327:
2298:Croham Hurst
1967:Walpole Park
1852:Avenue House
1791:Lesnes Abbey
1510:
1407:
1388:Eastbrookend
1383:Belhus Woods
1302:Queen's Park
1242:Enfield Town
1034:
1001:. Retrieved
990:The Guardian
989:
979:
970:
961:
941:
934:
922:
910:. Retrieved
900:
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809:. Retrieved
800:
788:. Retrieved
778:
766:. Retrieved
753:
741:. Retrieved
731:
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528:Fairlop Fair
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508:St Erkenwald
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388:royal forest
385:
368:Chigwell Row
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229:country park
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209:
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192:
162:Location map
153:Notification
2789:Roman River
2759:Norsey Wood
2584:Canvey Wick
2481:Wansunt Pit
2398:Riddlesdown
1983:Kew Gardens
1947:Morden Park
1882:Danson Park
1857:Belair Park
1831:Russia Dock
1725:Walthamstow
1705:Ingrebourne
1546:Peckham Rye
1312:Ravenscourt
1277:Mountsfield
1169:urban parks
1106:Royal parks
1033:Unofficial
870:Barkingside
811:29 February
550:Destruction
544:Barkingside
532:Fairlop Oak
372:Collier Row
364:Barkingside
123: /
98:Coordinates
3007:Categories
2874:Geological
2531:Biological
2451:Abbey Wood
2443:Geological
2308:Downe Bank
2283:Bushy Park
2260:Biological
2205:Wandsworth
2130:Hillingdon
1957:Syon House
1902:Hall Place
1892:Grove Park
1695:Hornchurch
1664:Twickenham
1619:Camberwell
1581:Wandsworth
1491:East Sheen
1471:Blackheath
1428:Lee Valley
1423:Hornchurch
1398:Foots Cray
1337:Wandsworth
1327:Valentines
1272:Mayesbrook
1207:Blackheath
1192:Barra Hall
1149:St James's
1134:Kensington
1003:2023-08-08
912:15 January
790:15 January
702:References
540:bean-feast
469:until the
400:Forest Law
382:Forest Law
376:Henry VIII
352:Edward III
250:in Essex.
242:, and the
139:Biological
108:51°37′18″N
2977:River Ter
2907:Globe Pit
2764:Nunn Wood
2418:Syon Park
2353:Home Park
2348:High Elms
2185:Southwark
2175:Redbridge
2140:Islington
2100:Greenwich
1720:Tottenham
1639:Newington
1629:Islington
1561:Streatham
1551:Plumstead
1496:Eel Brook
1418:High Elms
1357:Wimbledon
1322:Southwark
1212:Brockwell
1197:Battersea
1177:Alexandra
1124:Greenwich
998:0261-3077
743:28 August
516:Kingswood
491:Temeraire
489:HMS
254:Geography
244:Lambourne
203:Temeraire
166:Magic Map
2957:The Naze
2932:Lion Pit
2649:Foulness
2160:Lewisham
2135:Hounslow
2125:Havering
2115:Haringey
1927:Langtons
1801:Old Park
1796:Mad Bess
1786:Highgate
1761:Coldfall
1756:Braeburn
1744:Woodland
1700:Ickenham
1680:Crayford
1649:Richmond
1596:Woolwich
1556:Stanmore
1443:Stockley
1438:Stanmore
1413:Havering
1352:West Ham
1342:Wanstead
1332:Victoria
1287:Parsloes
1282:Old Deer
1262:Hanworth
1247:Finsbury
1227:Clissold
1222:Charlton
1144:Richmond
1139:Regent's
1045:Archived
768:13 March
685:See also
619:and the
392:Henry II
344:Hainault
310:Hyneholt
306:Henehout
136:Interest
111:0°7′45″E
90:TQ477938
74:Location
2155:Lambeth
2105:Hackney
2095:Enfield
2085:Croydon
2075:Bromley
1821:Queen's
1771:Dulwich
1751:Bostall
1690:Hackney
1659:Turnham
1644:Parsons
1571:Tooting
1536:Mitcham
1481:Clapham
1458:Commons
1267:Holland
1237:Dulwich
1217:Burgess
1187:Barking
1037:website
630:Gallery
536:Wapping
522:Leisure
295:History
2902:Dengie
2634:Dengie
2190:Sutton
2170:Newham
2165:Merton
2120:Harrow
2090:Ealing
2080:Camden
2065:Bexley
2060:Barnet
1806:Oxleas
1710:Leyton
1591:Winn's
1576:Tylers
1566:Sutton
1531:Keston
1501:Eltham
1486:Ealing
1466:Barnes
1403:Fryent
1317:Ruskin
1297:Pymmes
1167:Large
996:
949:
478:common
358:Extent
334:Ilford
238:, the
227:. The
201:. HMS
2070:Brent
1816:Petts
1766:Copse
1685:Erith
1526:Hayes
1448:Trent
1182:Arnos
1119:Green
1114:Bushy
762:(PDF)
314:higna
214:Essex
1811:Park
1129:Hyde
994:ISSN
947:ISBN
914:2015
813:2024
792:2016
770:2010
745:2020
580:The
429:and
409:The
318:holt
316:and
287:and
216:and
157:1986
144:Area
1634:Kew
1516:Ham
421:).
390:by
3009::
992:.
988:.
855:.
821:^
721:.
710:^
615:,
611:,
607:,
577:.
566:.
473:;
291:.
273:.
262:.
2515:e
2508:t
2501:v
2244:e
2237:t
2230:v
2038:e
2031:t
2024:v
1090:e
1083:t
1076:v
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