33:
54:
576:
680:
1837:
1832:
330:
583:
760:, thought to be a small concentration of personal items (50 buttons, a bone brush/ shoe horn and a textile fragment) recovered under a surface recovery license by the 2014 Cornwall and Isles of Scilly Maritime Archaeological Society (CISMAS) team. The objects were analysed and stabilised by the Historic England conservation lab, at Fort Cumberland, Portsmouth.
420:
Fleet, with the objective of taking possession of the key forts, which they succeeded in doing. The French
Republican forces quickly mobilised, and began the siege of Toulon on 7 September. By 15 December, the British and Spanish withdrew, taking with them 15,000 Royalists, as well as destroying the
702:
was handed a vast collection of artefacts from this wreck for display. These new remains turned out to be the stern of the wreck, which held a large carving from the stern port quarter gallery. This carving was claimed to have been discovered by local diver Carmen
Stevens but not reported until the
736:
Exploration of the wreck is ongoing year on year by Survey
Licence Holder Todd Stevens and IMAG (The Islands Maritime Archaeological Group) who have produced an overall site plan of the whole wreck site. The Cornwall and Isles of Scilly Maritime Archaeology Society (CISMAS) has been routinely
450:
received damage, suffering three killed and thirty wounded. In total, British losses were 31 killed and 113 wounded. French losses are not known; it is estimated over 670 French sailors were killed or wounded, during skirmishes that resulted in the capture of three French warships.
446:. The battle was immense and chaotic, and raged across a vast area, yet it came to an indecisive end, when Bridport ordered his Fleet to cease fighting at 7.15am, just four hours after the initial fighting had started. This decision allowed nine important French warships to escape.
620:. Boats were immediately put out from the island, and all of the other crew were transported to safety by the morning. On 11 December the ship settled on her side, the starboard beam ends touching the waves. Attempts to reboard her were thwarted by continued high seas.
748:
New wreck material was found in the vicinity of the stern in 2014, prompting further excavation work in 2015. This raised new questions about the wrecking process which was investigated in 2017, leading to a new wrecking theory.
401:. The objective was to keep the French Fleet in check. In Toulon's port were 58 French warships, and Lord Hood was determined not to allow such a potent and dangerous fleet to be taken over by French revolutionary forces. The
563:
set off for home. She stopped at
Algiers and at Lisbon on the way. At Lisbon she joined a larger convoy that was "bound for Ireland and other northern ports". The convoy dispersed in the English Channel as planned.
612:
on 7 December. For three days she intended to ride out the storm, only for it to increase. On the night of 10 December an anchor cable parted and the ship ran aground on a submerged ledge of rock off
462:, ordered his kilt-wearing piper to proceed to the maintop mast staysail netting and play the pipes throughout the battle, no doubt to the bemusement of the French sailors who witnessed it.
745:). In May 2012 CISMAS embarked on an excavation of a portion of the stern of the wreck, focusing on recording finds related to the gun deck and on initiating a long-term reburial trial.
511:
The battle was a major victory for the Royal Navy. Despite being outnumbered, it captured four
Spanish ships and crippled seven, including the largest warship afloat at that time - the
512:
1092:
1286:
1093:"HMS Colossus, Protected shipwreck site, Isles of Scilly: Investigation and conservation of surface recovered artefacts. Historic England Research Reports 26/2018"
631:
32:
707:
as a result of the find when reported meaning that diving or other interference within 300 metres of the site was not permitted without a licence.
1117:
1279:
533:
was immediately sent "on a cruise off Malta". She then went to
Gibraltar before returning to the now repaired fleet in Naples. In the summer,
421:
dockyards and a large number of French warships. The Royal Navy lost 10 ships after the French captured the heights overlooking the harbour.
575:
1859:
1424:
841:
1869:
1864:
498:
sustained serious damage, her sails being virtually shot away. It looked inevitable that she would be raked by
Spanish warships, until
862:
1457:
1272:
769:
733:. Further extensive licensed surveys were carried out by the Cornwall and Isles of Scilly Archaeological Society from 2003 to 2005.
591:
1666:
652:
In the closing years of the 1960s, Roland Morris, a marine salver, began diving on the site, searching for the antiquities that
549:
was not cannibalized; Captain Murray did, however, hand over to Nelson three of his guns and one bower anchor. This was done as
312:
was part of a large fleet of 51 warships of numerous types, including a
Spanish squadron, but commanded overall by Vice Admiral
636:, was able to put alongside the shipwrecked vessel on 29 December and bring away a quantity of stores and the body of Admiral
1235:
637:
433:
935:
1879:
351:
1884:
1550:
986:
483:
475:
1499:
1188:
1017:
479:
377:
1648:
1638:
359:
1295:
788:
Admiral
Shuldam's remains were ultimately laid to rest in Wyredsbury churchyard, Buckinghamshire on 9 January 1799.
443:
275:
147:
130:
1894:
1709:
1529:
644:
for reburial in
England. No further salvage proved possible and the vessel sank entirely in early January 1799.
616:. Only one life was lost, that of Quartermaster Richard King who drowned when he fell overboard while trying to
1730:
1508:
1163:
1144:
355:
313:
521:
lost approximately 300 killed or wounded; the Spanish lost 1,092 killed or wounded, and 2,300 taken prisoner.
1450:
1399:
609:
534:
491:
161:
1218:
308:, a tiny vessel with an armament of just six guns, which the Royal Navy took into service. The same year,
1874:
1654:
1593:
1408:
661:
1840:
1836:
1831:
1827:
1660:
1626:
1466:
409:
port. Upon the arrival of the British Fleet, the Bourbons duly surrendered the town and ships to Hood.
559:
was staying within the war zone. Loaded with Greek vases and wounded men from the battle of the Nile,
1632:
1223:
698:
to the existence of further remains. As a result of this new discovery the Isles of Scilly Museum in
630:
mainmast and bowsprit broke away and it became clear she could no longer be refloated. A naval brig,
53:
1899:
1443:
711:
704:
518:
340:
58:
729:, was returned to Scilly in 2010 to be placed on display in the Valhalla figurehead collection on
482:. She was part of a 21-ship strong fleet (including 7 smaller craft) under the command of Admiral
270:
on 4 April 1787 and lost on 10 December 1798. During her years of service she participated in the
1782:
730:
613:
437:
344:
962:
1383:
668:
had been transporting. Many of the items found were reconstructed and are now displayed at the
1698:
1604:
737:
inspecting and recording the site since 2001. The CISMAS projects are funded and endorsed by
617:
1435:
1741:
1518:
1488:
1326:
821:
719:
688:
8:
1889:
1772:
1333:
1312:
554:
303:
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1802:
1676:
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1351:
1042:
826:
541:, and the ship on the obverse of the 1797 medal featuring William Bolton may represent
279:
679:
1539:
1358:
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obtained a survey licence and carried out a pre-disturbance survey of the site. The
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The Ship of the Line - Volume One: The development of the battlefleet 1650-1850
669:
994:
1853:
1250:
1237:
413:
406:
299:
405:, the Royalists of France, had managed to retain control of Toulon, a vital
703:
following year when the wreck site was designated on 4 July 2001 under the
459:
20:
916:
Naval Chronicle 1798, vol. 1, pp.86, 165. Cited in Grocott 1997, pp. 64-65
490:, against a Spanish Fleet of 27 ships commanded by Lieutenant-General Don
1813:
442:, fought a French fleet of 23 warships under the command of Rear-Admiral
395:
863:"Biographical Memoir of the Late Captain Sir William Bolton, Knt, R.N."
417:
263:
256:
1209:
925:
Naval Chronicle 1799, vol. 1, p.176. Cited in Grocott 1997, pp. 64-65
699:
329:
1214:(The Cornwall and Isles of Scilly Maritime and Archaeology Society)
756:
published the investigation and conservation of artefacts from HMS
402:
1090:
478:) was involved in yet another large-scale clash of fleets in the
282:. While carrying wounded from the latter, she was wrecked at the
887:
1200:
936:"The Cornwall and Isles of Scilly Maritime Archaeology Society"
673:
391:
694:
In 2000, a report from amateur diver Todd Stevens alerted the
1465:
718:
carving was recovered from the site in 2002 (as shown in a
458:
was involved in much bitter fighting, her Scots captain,
868:. Part 1. London: H. Colburn and R. Bentley: 84–88. 1832
866:
United Service Journal and Naval and Military Magazine
1294:
842:"Battle of Cape St. Vincent (History of HMS Victory)"
710:
In August 2001 the Archaeological Diving Unit of the
1091:
Middleton, Camidge, Paynter, Gleba (23 April 2018).
807:
805:
1137:
Shipwrecks of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Eras
647:
537:(later Captain) was promoted to Lieutenant on the
1219:Photos taken during a survey (Wessex Archaeology)
1018:"HMS Colossus. Monitoring and Investigation 2012"
802:
428:was once again part of a large fleet action, the
394:on 26 August 1793, with Lord Hood in the warship
1851:
725:in October 2002) and after conservation by the
660:, as well as fragments from the collection of
656:had been transporting. In 1974, he discovered
553:had been ordered home to England, whereas the
416:began to land at Toulon from the ships of the
171:172 ft 3 in (52.50 m) (gundeck)
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1280:
1181:Wreck of the Colossus: the Find of a Lifetime
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465:
1116:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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286:. The wreck is a Protected Wreck managed by
1425:List of ships of the line of the Royal Navy
582:
432:. A fleet of 25 ships commanded by Admiral
358:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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1444:
1287:
1273:
1205:- The find of a lifetime (by Todd Stevens)
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1034:
1009:
954:
880:
1467:Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in 1798
912:
910:
908:
811:Lavery, Ships of the Line vol. 1, p. 180.
770:List of shipwrecks of the Isles of Scilly
378:Learn how and when to remove this message
820:
678:
19:For other ships with the same name, see
1134:
16:1787 ship of the line of the Royal Navy
1852:
1153:
905:
1439:
1268:
51:
1228:" National Heritage List for England
1068:"HMS Colossus. Wrecking Report 2017"
356:adding citations to reliable sources
323:
1860:Ships of the line of the Royal Navy
179:47 ft 9 in (14.55 m)
13:
1173:
1043:"HMS Colossus. Investigation 2015"
640:which had been transported aboard
319:
14:
1911:
1870:Shipwrecks of the Isles of Scilly
1865:Courageux-class ships of the line
1194:
963:"HMS Colossus Survey Report 2002"
595:Approximate position of the wreck
1835:
1830:
830:. 28 February 1795. p. 200.
581:
574:
529:As the fleet repaired at Naples
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52:
31:
1097:research.historicengland.org.uk
1084:
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648:Modern discovery and protection
524:
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919:
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814:
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600:Amidst the bad winter weather
314:Samuel Hood, 1st Viscount Hood
1:
1128:
795:
608:first and came to anchor in
567:
7:
1880:Protected wrecks of England
763:
235:Upper gundeck: 28 Ă— 18 pdrs
10:
1916:
1885:Maritime incidents in 1798
1251:49.9245167°N 006.3417500°W
480:Battle of Cape St. Vincent
474:(now commanded by Captain
466:Battle of Cape St. Vincent
18:
1825:
1763:
1740:December (unknown date):
1473:
1420:
1394:
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1344:
1305:
1158:. Conway Maritime Press.
1135:Grocott, Terence (1997).
276:Battle of Cape St Vincent
138:
131:Battle of Cape St Vincent
112:Wrecked, 10 December 1798
46:
30:
1771:January (unknown date):
1481:January (unknown date):
1299:-class ships of the line
1256:49.9245167; -006.3417500
775:
712:University of St Andrews
705:Protection of Wrecks Act
238:Quarterdeck: 14 Ă— 9 pdrs
139:General characteristics
888:"www.hmscolossus.co.uk"
492:José de Córdoba y Ramos
298:On 6 June 1793, in the
1895:Ships built in England
1549:April (unknown date):
1154:Lavery, Brian (2003).
1139:. Chatham Publishing.
1066:Kevin Camidge (2017).
1041:Kevin Camidge (2015).
1016:Kevin Camidge (2012).
991:page at Cismas.org.uk"
961:Kevin Camidge (2002).
691:
390:The Fleet arrived off
266:. She was launched at
241:Forecastle: 4 Ă— 9 pdrs
682:
232:Gundeck: 28 Ă— 32 pdrs
201: in (6.3 m)
741:(at the time called
689:Tresco Abbey Gardens
662:Sir William Hamilton
592:class=notpageimage|
486:in his flagship HMS
352:improve this section
1500:Enfant de la Patrie
1247: /
1875:Cornish shipwrecks
827:The London Gazette
692:
683:Stern figure from
514:SantĂsima Trinidad
470:In February 1797,
280:Battle of the Nile
88:Clevely, Gravesend
1847:
1846:
1433:
1432:
892:hmscolossus.co.uk
696:Receiver of Wreck
508:and covered her.
436:on his flagship,
388:
387:
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1797:
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1714:
1704:
1693:
1682:
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1610:
1599:
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1577:
1566:
1555:
1552:Quatorze Juillet
1545:
1534:
1524:
1513:
1503:
1493:
1460:
1453:
1446:
1437:
1436:
1345:Lengthened group
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1275:
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1265:
1262:
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1038:
1032:
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1027:
1022:
1013:
1007:
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1002:
993:. Archived from
983:
977:
976:
974:
972:
967:
958:
952:
951:
949:
947:
938:. Archived from
932:
926:
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917:
914:
903:
902:
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873:
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789:
786:
754:Historic England
743:English Heritage
739:Historic England
638:Molyneux Shuldam
629:
585:
584:
578:
444:Villaret-Joyeuse
383:
376:
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369:
363:
332:
324:
288:Historic England
260:ship of the line
218:Full-rigged ship
200:
199:
195:
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151:ship of the line
122:Participated in:
80:13 December 1781
61:
56:
35:
28:
27:
1915:
1914:
1910:
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1900:1798 in England
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1849:
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1821:
1811:
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1780:
1770:
1764:Other incidents
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1749:
1739:
1728:
1717:
1711:Henry Addington
1707:
1696:
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1674:
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1537:
1531:Princess Amelia
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1197:
1183:(January 2007)
1179:Stevens, Todd,
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1174:Further reading
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997:on 17 June 2012
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942:on 5 March 2016
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727:Mary Rose Trust
650:
627:
623:On 15 December
610:St Mary's Roads
606:Isles of Scilly
598:
597:
596:
594:
588:
587:
586:
570:
527:
468:
430:Battle of Groix
384:
373:
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364:
349:
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322:
320:Siege of Toulon
302:, she captured
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284:Isles of Scilly
272:Battle of Groix
197:
193:
190:
188:
148:Courageux-class
126:Battle of Groix
57:
42:
24:
17:
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5:
1913:
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1750:Unknown date:
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1600:
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1510:General Eliott
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1370:Modified group
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1348:
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1306:Standard group
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618:sound the lead
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455:
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350:Please help
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157:Tons burthen
104:4 April 1787
96:October 1782
70:
38:
25:
21:HMS Colossus
1385:San Domingo
1254: /
946:15 December
822:"No. 13756"
504:headed for
484:John Jervis
187:20 ft
1890:1787 ships
1854:Categories
1701:Kingfisher
1607:Resistance
1474:Shipwrecks
1239:49°55′28″N
1165:0851772528
1146:1861760302
1129:References
971:8 December
897:8 December
847:10 January
723:TV special
418:Royal Navy
278:, and the
264:Royal Navy
257:third-rate
206:Propulsion
1803:HMS
1720:HMS
1699:HMS
1688:HMS
1677:HMS
1583:HMS
1572:HMS
1561:HMS
1540:HMS
1328:Leviathan
1297:Courageux
1242:6°20′30″W
1201:Wreck of
796:Citations
721:Time Team
700:Hugh Town
568:Shipwreck
424:In 1795,
396:HMS
339:does not
268:Gravesend
214:Sail plan
93:Laid down
1801:23 Jul:
1791:28 Jun:
1781:20 Apr:
1743:Tarleton
1733:Coquille
1729:14 Dec:
1722:Colossus
1718:10 Dec:
1686:13 Oct:
1675:15 Aug:
1668:Timoléon
1656:Guerrier
1650:Artémise
1640:SĂ©rieuse
1614:26 Jul:
1603:24 Jul:
1592:18 Jul:
1581:30 Jun:
1570:23 Jun:
1559:23 May:
1538:12 Apr:
1507:25 Feb:
1497:17 Feb:
1490:Pritzler
1335:Minotaur
1321:Colossus
1314:Carnatic
1226:Colossus
1212:Colossus
1203:Colossus
1112:cite web
1001:27 April
989:Colossus
764:See also
758:Colossus
752:In 2018
716:Colossus
685:Colossus
666:Colossus
658:Colossus
654:Colossus
642:Colossus
633:Fearless
625:Colossus
602:Colossus
561:Colossus
556:Vanguard
551:Colossus
547:Colossus
543:Colossus
539:Colossus
531:Colossus
506:Colossus
496:Colossus
472:Colossus
456:Colossus
448:Colossus
426:Colossus
403:Bourbons
310:Colossus
252:Colossus
229:74 guns:
224:Armament
101:Launched
71:Colossus
39:Colossus
1815:Tonnant
1812:2 Aug:
1805:Etrusco
1784:Woodcot
1774:Minerva
1708:9 Dec:
1697:3 Dec:
1679:Etrusco
1662:Heureux
1647:2 Aug:
1628:Mercure
1625:1 Aug:
1618:Garland
1528:5 Apr:
1517:4 Apr:
1353:Aboukir
519:Britain
488:Victory
454:Though
398:Victory
360:removed
345:sources
305:Vanneau
262:of the
196:⁄
85:Builder
77:Ordered
47:History
1634:Orient
1542:Lively
1521:Pallas
1484:Castor
1401:Ganges
1360:Bombay
1187:
1162:
1143:
872:27 May
674:London
664:which
392:Toulon
274:, the
168:Length
41:(1787)
1690:Jason
1596:Aigle
1585:Pique
1574:Rover
1563:Braak
1412:class
1403:class
1378:Blake
1224:"HMS
1102:4 May
1076:3 May
1071:(PDF)
1051:3 May
1046:(PDF)
1026:3 May
1021:(PDF)
987:"HMS
966:(PDF)
776:Notes
628:'
501:Orion
209:Sails
160:1703
117:Notes
1841:1799
1828:1797
1794:Lion
1753:Parr
1731:HMS
1616:HMS
1605:HMS
1594:HMS
1519:HMS
1410:Mars
1210:HMS
1185:ISBN
1160:ISBN
1141:ISBN
1118:link
1104:2020
1078:2020
1053:2020
1028:2020
1003:2012
973:2010
948:2015
899:2010
874:2018
849:2010
343:any
341:cite
250:HMS
176:Beam
109:Fate
69:HMS
66:Name
37:HMS
687:in
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