Guy Simonds - Knowledge

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the men under his command who regarded him as a "cold Englishman." One Canadian brigadier wrote that Simonds "was not a man one could love. In my heart I knew, however, that I would rather serve under his type than under a kindly, but less driving commander; the former is much more likely to win battles." Simonds had a long-standing feud with his fellow British immigrant Charles Foulkes, going back to their days as students at the Staff College where Simonds had received greater recognition than Foulkes. Both Foulkes and Simonds were ambitious men with strong ruthless streaks, and together with Lieutenant General Harry Crerar, who had "a nasty streak of his own", the three officers were the ones most responsible for the command decisions of the Canadians in the Normandy campaign. Relations between Simonds and Crerar, were very poor as Crerar had attempted to sack Simonds as commander of the 5th Canadian Division in December 1943. However, Simonds was a favorite of Bernard Law Montgomery, who viewed Simonds as the most talented Canadian general in the entire war, and Montgomery blocked Crerar's attempts to send Simonds back to Canada.

1072: 1413: 1232: 1168:". Granatstein characterizes the plan as "brilliant if too complicated", in that it did not account for the inexperience of the troops. The two commanders of the armored divisions tasked with leading the assault, George Kitching and Stanisław Maczek both objected to Simonds's plans for a "mailed fist" assault on narrow fronts as allowing the Germans to concentrate their forces for counter-attack, but Simonds argued the planned heavy bombing attack by American bombers would disorganize the Germans enough to allow a breakthrough. As Maczek's English was very poor and Simonds spoke no Polish, the two generals spoke in French, in which Maczek was fluent. Simonds insisted that his French was not that good and so Kitching translated for him. Kitching later accused Simonds of being better at French than what he pretended as the interval for translations gave him more room to develop arguments to dismiss Maczek's concerns. 1393:

Simonds by contrast argued that for historical reasons the Canadians should serve with the British forces in northern West Germany, arguing that the Canadians would fight better with them if the Red Army should invade West Germany. Simonds stated that the Canadians had fought alongside the British successively in the Boer War, the First World War, the Second World War, and the Korean War, and moreover the Canadian Army was closely modelled after the British Army right down to having British-style uniforms and ranks and the same regimental structure; for all these reasons, Simonds felt that placing the Canadians with the British in northern West Germany would be a better fit. As the Canadian decision-makers had been "shocked by the American performance in Korea" while the British forces fighting in Korea had fought well, Simonds won the debate and it was agreed that the Canadians would serve as part of the

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advantage of the pause to stop the advances of both the 1st Polish Armored Division at St. Aignan and the 4th Canadian Armored Division at Langannerie. Simonds's plan for Totalize had called for Canadian heavy and medium artillery to support the Canadian and Polish tanks as they advanced, but the accidental American bombing of the Canadian artillery had robbed the Allied armor of the expected fire support. Simonds, knowing of the weakness of the Sherman tanks, which were both under-armored and under-gunned, had planned for his artillery to knock out Meyer's Tigers and Panthers, and expected the Germans to counter-attack at once with their armor. The next day, Simonds sent the Worthington Force, comprising a battlegroup of the British Columbia regiment and the Algonquin regiment, which however took a wrong turn, and was annihilated by Meyer who sent his Tiger and Panther tanks against the Shermans.

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fight or flee was made by the captain of his ship; and for an army officer holding the equivalent ranks as the air force and naval officers had to decide for himself to fight or flee and motivate the men under his command to do the same. Simonds concluded that the plans of the Defence Minister Paul Hellyer to unify the services would never work as it was based on the assumption there was really no difference between war on land, at sea and in the air and a common service could handle all three. At the same time, Simonds also opposed Hellyer's plans to "Canadianize" the military by scrapping the traditional British style uniforms and ranks of all three services and impose an American style uniform and ranks on the unified Canadian Forces, warning this attack on the traditions on the Canadian military would hurt morale.

1139:, who spoke as if the Sherman tanks were the equal of the Tiger and Panther tanks, and charged that the Canadians were insufficiently aggressive in armored operations and too reliant upon air support. A principal problem for Simonds was that his tank crews were loath to face the Panthers and Tigers on open ground given their guns could not knock either type of tank except at very close range while the guns of the Panthers and Tigers could knock a Sherman at long range. Perrun argued that Meyer's claims that Simonds lacked aggression failed to take into account the weaknesses of the Sherman tanks, and Simonds designed his operations with the aim of counter-acting the flaws of the Shermans by providing for air and artillery support to even the odds. 982:

little support. On December 11, 1943 Crerar sent a memo to Montgomery declaring he had "serious cause to doubt...the suitability of Simonds for higher command", going on to write that he believed that Simonds was mentally ill, saying that Simonds had "always been high strung...with a tendency to be introspective rather than objective, when faced with acute problems". Montgomery wrote back that he had the "highest opinion of Simonds" and rejected Crerar's claims that he was mentally ill. However, Crerar discussed the event with army psychiatrists, the temporary commander of the

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Ortona in December 1943, the 1st Parachute Division had retreated back to the Riccio River north of Ortona. The Canadians brought down heavy artillery fire first on the left flank of the Germans to allow the Perth Regiment to advance and then on the right flank to allow the Cape Breton Highlanders to advance. As the 1st Parachute Division was well dug in, the heavy Canadian artillery fire did not have the desired results and the assaults by the Perth Regiment and the Cape Breton Highlanders reached about 200 yards of their objectives before being stopped.

842: 903: 1381: 1275: 1011: 1115:. After Operation Spring, Simonds tried to sack Foulkes as commander of 2nd Canadian Division, writing that Foulkes "did not the right qualities to command 2nd Division", but was blocked by Crerar, who kept Foulkes on to nettle Simonds. Simonds has often been criticized for his reliance on heavy bombers to "blast" open a way for Operation Totalize, but the Canadian historian Jody Perrun argued that the marked inferiority of the 1063:...success of the offensive battle hinges on the defeat of the German counter-attacks, with sufficient of our own reserves in hand to launch a new phase as soon as the enemy strength has spent itself. The defeat of these counter-attacks must form part of the original plan of attack which must include arrangements for artillery support and forward moves of infantry-supporting weapons—including tanks—on the objective. 1172: 834:, the Defence Minister, as, "a most outstanding officer but not a leader of the type that will secure the devotion of his followers", although he, "has undoubted ability and will fight his Division and make few mistakes." Simonds's new division had sustained extremely heavy casualties the year before at Dieppe under its previous commander, Major-General 567:. He worked extremely hard and thoroughly enjoyed his time there and he was deemed by his superiors to have one of the outstanding students on the two-year course. Furthermore, had he been a British officer, he would have specially selected for an accelerated promotion in order that he may return to the college to serve as an instructor. 978:

informing Simonds, who expelled the officer when he discovered him in his caravan. Crerar had become jealous of Simonds, who had enjoyed more battlefield success and media attention as the general officer commanding (GOC) of 1st Infantry Division and then as 5th Armored Division in Italy than he had.

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Always a supporter of Simonds, Montgomery was impressed with the way the younger man had commanded 1st Division throughout the brief but bitter campaign in Sicily, marking him out as a man destined for higher command. Morton noted that Simonds had proven himself to Montgomery in Sicily as "...an able

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Randall Wakelam says, "Canadian biographies and memoirs carry two themes: innovative and hard driving commander; cold and uninspiring leader." Terry Copp suggests, "overwhelming self-confidence and a degree of arrogance which did not encourage expressions of dissent. Simonds did not attempt to lead;

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of the armed forces. Simonds wrote at the time that each service required a distinctive leadership style for officers; stating that for a pilot alone in his jet decided by himself to fight or flee when faced with an enemy; for a naval officer holding the equivalent rank as the pilot, the decision to

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Simonds, by his own admission, was bad-tempered, unable to tolerate those he regarded as fools, and had a headstrong streak, which he attempted to check by maintaining a cold "glacial" composure. Simonds always spoke with a strong English accent, and his personality never inspired any affection from

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always fought its defensive battles the same way; namely a thinly manned series of outposts, behind which were a series of strongly held dug-in positions that could bring down interlocking machine gun and mortar fire. Simonds further noted the Wehrmacht would always launch aggressive counter-attacks

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His initial meeting with Crerar went poorly (possibly strained by Simonds' illness), and relations further deteriorated when Simonds ejected an officer sent by Crerar to measure his headquarters caravan. Crerar was fascinated by Simonds's caravan, and sent an officer to take its measurements without

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assuming command of the 1st Brigade. The Army performed poorly in Exercise Spartan (March 1943). Simonds suggested that McNaughton separate his "political" functions (CMHQ) from "fighting" headquarters (First Canadian Army). McNaughton grew angry, and within 48 hours Simonds was on attachment to the

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The corps commander among the units that comprised the 21st Army Group who most likely had the largest personal impact on the Normandy campaign was Lieutenant General Guy Simonds. This senior officer of the II Canadian Corps created one of the most effective tank-infantry teams in the Allied forces

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for seeking closer ties with the United States, and opposed the reliance on nuclear weapons, advocating strong conventional forces. Simonds proposed the use of aerial supply to reduce the vulnerability of army divisional supply chains. Skeptical of air-power advocates, he foresaw the increasing use

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At the same time, Simonds had to oversee the build-up of the Canadian military for the new commitments in West Germany and for the Korean War; the defence budget had risen to $ 1,907 million by 1953, ten times what it had been in 1947. From 1950 to 1953, the military went from having 47,000 service

1334:(IDC). He "found that work at the IDC engaged his alert intelligence. He met and talked to leading politicians, industrialists, and servicemen of the Western Alliance." From 1946 to 1949 he was Chief Instructor there, "a signal honour for a Canadian". He returned to Canada in 1949 to take a role as 1001:

Simonds's only battle in command of 5th Division was the so-called "Arielli Show", an offensive launched on January 17, 1944 against the German 1st Parachute Division's strong-points southeast of the Arielli River in central Italy. After being defeated by the 1st Canadian Division in the Battle of

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Crerar attempted to sack Simonds because of this incident, writing to Simonds that he felt his "nerves were over-stretched" and complained about the "personal discourtesy" in expelling the captain from his caravan. Crerar took the matter to General Montgomery, the Eighth Army commander, but found

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Tractable, on August 14, used a smoke screen in an attempt to shield armour from German anti-tank weaponry. The Canadian historian Desmond Morton wrote that Operation Tractable should have been a disaster as the Wehrmacht had captured a copy of the Canadian operations plan the night before, but

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debacle. It was somewhat typical of many of the plans created by the British Prime Minister. Simonds's plan for "Jupiter" required so many ground troops, together with significant air and naval forces in support, that Churchill was forced to abandon the idea. Although the operation was aborted,

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Simonds clashed with Foulkes, the chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee about where to station the Canadians in West Germany. The continentalist Foulkes, who wanted to move Canada closer to the United States, wanted the Canadians to serve with the U.S. Army forces in southern West Germany.

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During Operation Totalize, the American bombers who were supposed to hit the German lines instead carpet-bombed the II Canadian Corps's artillery and assembling areas, badly disorganizing the offensive. While the offensive was derailed by the American "friendly fire", the aggressive Meyer took

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tanks of the Germans meant that Simonds had no other choice, but to use air power to even the odds given that both the Panthers and Tigers had more powerful guns and heavier armor than the Shermans. Perrun has charged too many historians have taken at face value the disparaging remarks about

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during an investiture held at the headquarters of the First Canadian Army in Belgium, October 1944. Lieutenant-General Guy Simonds, wearing his black beret and having just been awarded the Companion of the Order of the Bath, stands a short distance away, and behind him is Field Marshal

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As Simonds had been trained as a "gunner", as artillerymen were known in the Canadian Army, artillery played a significant role in his planning for offensives with the divisions attacking along narrow points as divisional artillery was only capable of supporting one brigade at a time.

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and the First World War in his sixties who was really too old to command in this newer conflict. Despite this, Odlum came to admire the younger man, informing McNaughton of Simonds's, "splendid work" and that he had, "never had an officer on my staff who gave better service."

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who used the mountainous terrain of Sicily to their advantage. The victories were not cheap, as the 1st Division had suffered 2,310 casualties in Sicily, losing 562 men killed in action or dying of their wounds, with the rest being wounded or taken prisoner.

636:(GSO2). His first duties as GSO2 were to supervise the operations and training of the division, as well as for its organization and equipment. Together with most of the rest of the division, Simonds went overseas to the United Kingdom in December 1939. 692:

In November 1940 he was appointed commandant of the Canadian Junior War Staff Course (an intensive 14-week program that compressed one year of the Camberly course), intended to fill the shortage of trained staff officers. He then became GSO I with the

643:, a fellow officer in the 1st Division, had heard about Kay's misgivings about never hearing from her husband, wrote to his wife, stating that he was not surprised, and claimed that Simonds, "is working very hard and doing an excellent job as GSO II." 353:

states the following about Simonds: "No Canadian commander rose higher and faster in the Second World War, and none did as well in action. Simonds owed his success wholly to his own abilities and efforts—and those of the men who served under him."

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despite this, the assault by the II corps under the cover of smoke ended with the Canadians taking Falaise on 16 August 1944. Afterwards, Simonds had the task of closing the "Falaise Gap" with the 1st Polish Armored Division under Major General

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of Toronto taken on as regular regiments instead of creating new ones, arguing the histories and traditions of these regiments would provide greater regimental pride for the men serving in them than a new regiment would. Simonds also created a

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Simonds received praise for his help in writing the appreciation, with the British Chiefs of Staff Committee informing McNaughton that "This was one of the clearest and most ably worked out appreciations that they had ever had before them."

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On August 17, 1932, he married Katherine "K" Lockhart Taylor, the daughter of a Winnipeg businessman. K was a spirited young woman, having taken flying lessons, a motor mechanics course, and eventually teaching Guy how to drive. As a

455:. Guy's mother sold family possessions to make ends meet. Guy had to quit school for two years at age fourteen to help support the family. Graham speculates that the period of fatherlessness made him a "loner" and self-reliant. 1262:. "By most accounts, Simonds’ assumption of command reinvigorated the army HQ; where Crerar managed, Simonds commanded." When Crerar resumed command with the First Army, Simonds resumed his command of II Canadian Corps for the 1014:

General Sir Bernard Montgomery (eighth from left) talking with Lieutenant-General Guy Simonds (ninth from left) and other senior officers of II Canadian Corps at Corps Headquarters in the Normandy bridgehead, France, July 20,

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was the key to maintaining morale, and felt that regimental pride in the history and traditions was what motivated soldiers to fight. For this reason, as part of the army's expansion, Simonds had militia regiments like the

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was opened to provide training in French for French-Canadian officer candidates; previously all officer candidates were trained in English at the Royal Military College in Kingston. Besides the Royal 22 Régiment and the

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in London, right down to having scarlet uniforms and bearskin hats. Morton wrote that a "more practical aid to morale, opposed by Simonds, was a decision to allow families to join Canadian service personnel in Europe".

3211:'The Role of the Land Forces in Modern Warfare' An Address by Lieutenant General Guy G. Simonds, C.B., C.B.E., D.S.O., C.D. Chief of the General Staff, Canadian Army to the Empire Club on Thursday, February 14th, 1952 1376:

agreed to send two Canadian divisions to West Germany. Simonds wrote at the time that, since the shipping was not available to move two divisions to Europe, the Canadians best be there before World War III started.

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as the "Desert Rats"). Crerar nixed an idea to use 3,350 brand-new I Corps headquarters vehicles to equip the 5th Canadian Armoured Division. The division would not be fully equipped until the end of January 1944.

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The two were not friends — a major and a brigadier could not be friends — but the older man developed some sense of Simonds's worth. That would be important in the war that began for Canada on 10 September

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through a high degree of improvisation during the drive from Caen to Falaise. This general was versatile and imaginative but was not able to generate the momentum that would have more fully closed off the

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poses for a group photograph with his staff, army, corps and division commanders at Walbeck, Germany, March 22, 1945. Pictured standing in the third row, seventh from the left, is Lieutenant General Guy

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For Totalize (beginning August 7, 1944), which involved a night attack, numerous navigation aids were devised, along with heavy bomber support. Having learned from Operation Spring, Simonds devised the

551:, he attended the Long Gunnery Staff Course in England. He was accompanied to England by his wife, and his first child was born there. He returned to Kingston in 1934. In 1936 and 1937 he attended the 849:

Just nine days later, however, he was suddenly transferred to the 1st Canadian Infantry Division as its GOC, replacing Major-General Salmon, who had been killed in a plane crash earlier that day over

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to enter a four-year course. At graduation he was awarded the Sword of Honour, judged the best "all rounder", placed second academically, and was generally considered the best horseman in the class.

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and the Canadians at St. Lambert finally closed the "Falaise Gap" on August 21, 1944. Despite its name, the II Canadian Corps had Polish and British divisions operating under Simonds's command.

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as the German Army Group B sought to escape from Normandy. Though the 1st Polish Division was nearly destroyed several times as the Germans pushed their way out of Normandy, the Poles at the

935:. Meeting light resistance, the division suffered only nine casualties on the first day. Falling ill on September 22, he was replaced as commander of the 1st Canadian Division by Brigadier 1629:

states: "one of the outstanding Allied corps commanders in Europe, a dour, direct officer who brought unusual imagination to bear on every operational plan for which he was responsible."

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until mid-July 1942. Crerar, however, had opposed Simonds' appointment and considered his removal. During his time as BGS, numerous exercises, including Bumper in September 1941 and

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between 1921 and 1925, cadet number 1596. Simonds' class was the last to be selected from nationwide exams (Simonds having been placed second) and the first after the recently ended

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described Simonds as "a first class commander with a most original brain and full of initiative." Simonds's friend and superior for much of the last two years of the war, General

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the battle situation on a map held by the commander of II Canadian Corps, Lieutenant-General Guy Simonds, during Churchill's visit to Normandy, July 22, 1944. Lieutenant-General

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In this last post he led the 1st Canadian Division through the invasion of Sicily, which started on July 10, 1943. The division was placed under the command of

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The campaign in Sicily was over by mid-August and, after a brief rest, on September 3, 1943, Simonds and the 1st Canadian Division, now serving alongside the

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field commander. No other Canadian would ever quite meet Monty's standards." At Agira and Regalbuto, Simonds won "costly, difficult battles" over the

3904: 1034:. Simonds made numerous personnel changes: The Chief Engineer, Chief Medical Officer and the Commander Corps Royal Artillery (CCRA) were sacked, and 475: 1582:

While overseas in World War II, Simonds had an affair, which K subsequently discovered while in England in 1946. They separated shortly thereafter.

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to major-general in three-and-a-half years–faster than any other officer in the Canadian Army. A senior officer had described Simonds to Colonel

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Shortly before retirement, Simonds met Dorothy "Do" Sinclair (the widow of George Graham "Gus" Sinclair) whom he married on January 16, 1960.

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in action at that time. He came under fire for the first time on July 16, 1943, after nearly 17 years of service in the Canadian Army.

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and the subsequent advance through France. At the age of just forty, Simonds was purported to be the youngest corps commander in the

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which he declined, as he had opposed the degree program, fearing the long tenure of civilian instructors would unduly influence the

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personnel to 104,000. Simonds spoke of bringing in conscription to meet NATO commitments, but was silenced by the defence minister,

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Simonds was furious when he learned that, to save shipping, his new division would have to take old equipment from the veteran

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as an associate professor of artillery and later as instructor in tactics. The college's commandant at the time was Brigadier

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were brought by Simonds from Italy to II Corps. In his instructions to his officers in February 1944, Simonds noted that the

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In January 1944 he was recalled to the United Kingdom and, after being promoted to lieutenant-general on January 6, was made

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There his job was to consume him in the weeks and months ahead, so much so that he scarcely wrote to his wife, Kay. Colonel

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Simonds had three siblings, Cicely, Peter and Eric. Eric (anecdotally an excellent rifle shot, having won prizes at

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in Kingston, then C Battery in Winnipeg. In September 1932 (just weeks after his wedding) with the rank of

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at the time of the regiment's 100th anniversary in October 1962. He was offered an honorary degree from

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Major-General Guy Simonds, GOC of the 1st Canadian Infantry Division, coming ashore on Sicily, July 1943

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A street is named after him in Antwerp ("Generaal Simondslaan"). Simonds was honorary colonel of the

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in November 1943. Simonds viewed this, along with the arrival of Lieutenant-General Harry Crerar and

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with the Swords, July 20, 1945. Lieutenant-General Guy Simonds can be seen in the background, with

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The commander of the First Canadian Army in the Netherlands, General Harry Crerar, arrives at

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at an earlier date. Despite this drawback, Simonds deserves credit for his effective command.

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Diagnosed with lung cancer, he died in Toronto on May 15, 1974. He was buried in Toronto's

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called Simonds the "best of the Canadian generals" while the British Lieutenant-General

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of missiles. He believed in the "integration" of defence headquarters, but opposed the

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Simonds came from a military family: his great-grandfather had been in the army of the

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After retiring from the Canadian Army, he worked for Halifax Insurance Company, and

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On April 20, 1943 (three days before his fortieth birthday) Simonds was promoted to

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Brigadier J. A. W. Bennett is made a Companion of the British Empire by HM King

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Once II Corps was activated, Simonds would direct four major attacks during the

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was the commandant at the time, although he was soon replaced by Major-General

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Senior commanders of the First Canadian Army, May 1945. Seated from the left:

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The Generals: The Canadian Army's Senior Commanders in the Second World War

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The Generals: The Canadian Army's Senior Commanders in the Second World War

1994:"Biography of Lieutenant-General Guy Granville Simonds (1903−1974), Canada" 1626: 1595: 1533: 1351: 1283: 1251: 1180: 1120: 876: 733: 698: 621: 579: 571: 487: 413: 302: 298: 190: 3134: 650:(GOC), "Andy" McNaughton, a fellow gunner officer who had previously been 3793: 3717: 3712: 3118: 3017: 1192: 858: 759: 750:

In July and August 1942 Simonds was involved in planning for an abortive

714: 518: 444: 1606:, believed Simonds in Normandy to be "the best of my Corps Commanders." 1380: 1274: 646:

Simonds's job brought him into frequent contact with the 1st Division's

3803: 3760: 3569: 3119:"Best-Laid Plans: Guy Simonds and Operation Totalize, 7-10 August 1944" 2931: 1552: 1433: 1335: 1132: 1116: 467: 463: 421: 374: 194: 3230: 1330:(CGS) in August 1945. In 1946 he went to London where he attended the 879:. XXX Corps was part of the British Eighth Army, under the command of 447:, Cecil was wounded in 1918, and demobilized in 1919 with the rank of 3735: 1421: 1165: 1147: 1055: 895: 710: 2978:

Corps Commanders: Five British and Canadian Generals at War, 1939–45

1010: 709:

Shortly thereafter, on August 7, 1941 he was promoted again, now to

1221: 779: 775: 654:(CGS). Simonds was with the GOC on 16 May 1940, six days after the 1322:

Simonds was "undoubtedly deeply hurt" when he was passed over for

1259: 1124: 563:, while the instructors included the likes of Lieutenant Colonel 506:

beginning in 1919. The college's dining hall is named after him.

429: 394: 386: 337:

from 1944, towards the end of which he temporarily commanded the

73: 52: 3178:

Warrior Chiefs: Perspectives on Senior Canadian Military Leaders

3000:

Failure in High Command The Canadians and the Normandy Campaign

1513: 886:. Aged just 40, he was the youngest Canadian officer to lead a 826:(GOC) of the 2nd Canadian Infantry Division, having risen from 658:

began, when McNaughton was summoned to a conference by General

625: 503: 362: 2553:"No easy thing Senior Command in the Canadian Army, 1939–1945" 2336: 2334: 2173: 2171: 2169: 2167: 2165: 2051: 2049: 2047: 2045: 2043: 1969: 1967: 1965: 1963: 1594:

he sought only to command." The American General of the Army

850: 599:, a future corps commander, debated concepts in the pages of 2914:

The Normandy Campaign: from D-Day to the liberation of Paris

1372:, visited Ottawa to ask Canada for help. The Prime Minister 1164:

converted from non-operational armoured vehicles "defrocked

2726:. CFB Esquimalt Naval & Military Museum. Archived from 1988: 1986: 1984: 1982: 2860: 2454: 2331: 2260: 2258: 2198: 2162: 2078: 2040: 2028: 1960: 1939: 1891: 1246:

In September 1944, Simonds temporarily took charge of the

1216:

leading the way and engaging in desperate fighting at the

1171: 740:

in May 1942 were conducted, with Simonds catching British

624:. Almost immediately Simonds received orders to report to 3425:

Commandant of the Canadian Army Command and Staff College

3216:

Royal Canadian Artillery Museum Great Gunners Guy Simonds

2791: 2704: 2692: 1739: 1432:, along with Lieutenant-General Charles Foulkes, wearing 3022:

The Price of Command: A Biography of General Guy Simonds

1979: 498:

Simonds attended Collegiate School in Victoria and then

2255: 2188: 2186: 2068: 2066: 2064: 2016: 2004: 1915: 1799: 3925:

Academic staff of the Royal Military College of Canada

3890:

Recipients of the Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari

3875:

Canadian Commanders of the Order of the British Empire

2815: 2297: 2295: 2293: 2291: 2281: 2279: 2138: 2102: 2090: 1780: 1778: 1555:. On October 29, 1971, he was made a Companion of the 493: 482:

during the war. She and her daughter were killed by a

2839: 2827: 2803: 2779: 2756: 2749: 2747: 2745: 2685: 2683: 2673: 2671: 2669: 2667: 2665: 2663: 2661: 2651: 2649: 2630: 2628: 2590: 2578: 2507: 2482: 2480: 2478: 1751: 1083:, the commander of the British Second Army, looks on. 853:

while planning for Operation Husky, codename for the

782:

in December 1942, where it took part in training for

2724:"Integration and Unification of the Canadian Forces" 2532: 2530: 2528: 2364: 2362: 2360: 2358: 2183: 2126: 2114: 2061: 1927: 1903: 1879: 1867: 1855: 1763: 1075:

General Sir Bernard Montgomery shows Prime Minister

333:

from June−August 1944 and throughout the subsequent

3499: 2322: 2304: 2288: 2276: 1775: 1254:, who was recovering from a bout of dysentery, and 906:

Major-General Simonds, pictured here in Italy, 1943

369:. In 1951, at the age of just 48, he was appointed 3402:Commandant of the National Defence College, Canada 3047: 2954: 2742: 2680: 2658: 2646: 2625: 2607: 2605: 2475: 2219: 3965:Canadian military personnel from British Columbia 3945:Academics of the Royal College of Defence Studies 3850:Graduates of the Royal College of Defence Studies 3221:Reference to William Easton, maternal grandfather 3098:(2005). "Chapter 7: The Battle for the Scheldt". 2525: 2355: 797:, again serving under McNaughton, with Brigadier 3826: 2615:Toronto: McClelland & Stewart Inc. p. 2167. 2546: 2544: 2542: 766:In September 1942, he was made commander of the 478:in England. Cicely worked as a secretary in the 451:. The family spent the war in a rented house in 2602: 1675:(Supplement). September 21, 1943. p. 4220. 1135:, the commander of the 12th SS Panzer Division 1397:(BAOR), though Foulkes was able to ensure the 3930:Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery officers 3920:Canadian military personnel of the Korean War 3885:Companions of the Distinguished Service Order 3485: 2539: 2155: 2153: 1566:after a service at Grace Church-on-the-Hill. 1491: 1005: 689:, his first command since leaving C Battery. 325:from July 1943 until January 1944, and later 293:(April 23, 1903 – May 15, 1974) was a senior 2550: 1715:(Supplement). August 13, 1946. p. 4105. 1655:(Supplement). December 29, 1942. p. 56. 1446: 1199:, all pictured here in February 1945 during 838:, and was still recovering from its losses. 213:Commander of the Order of the British Empire 3935:Burials at Mount Pleasant Cemetery, Toronto 3068: 3042: 2916:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Da Capo Press. 2889:Overlord D-Day and the Battle for Normandy. 2866: 2460: 2340: 2313: 2204: 2177: 2055: 2034: 1973: 1945: 1897: 1745: 628:where he was appointed to the newly raised 611: 297:officer who served with distinction during 3492: 3478: 3268:Canada's 25 Most Renowned Military Leaders 3253:Photo at Canadian Military History Gateway 2575:C.P. Stacey as quoted in Dancocks, p. 207. 2150: 1695:(Supplement). July 31, 1945. p. 3963. 1384:Lieutenant General Guy Simonds inspecting 673:On July 20, 1940, after being promoted to 31: 3865:Graduates of the Staff College, Camberley 3094: 2961:. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart Inc. 1500:Simonds' grave at Mount Pleasant Cemetery 1426:Grand Cross of the Order of Orange-Nassau 570:This was not to be, however. Promoted to 357:After the end of the war, he went to the 3905:Commanders of the Order of Orange-Nassau 2952: 1725: 1705: 1685: 1665: 1645: 1495: 1411: 1379: 1273: 1230: 1170: 1141: 1070: 1009: 946:Subsequently, he replaced Major-General 901: 840: 3860:Royal Military College of Canada alumni 3149: 2994: 2975: 2569: 2346: 2267: 2246: 2237: 2144: 2108: 2096: 2084: 1951: 1832: 1830: 1828: 1826: 1824: 1822: 1820: 1818: 1816: 1814: 1757: 1340:Canadian Army Command and Staff College 240:Commander of the Order of Orange-Nassau 149:Canadian Army Command and Staff College 3915:Canadian Army generals of World War II 3827: 3116: 3016: 2911: 2845: 2833: 2821: 2809: 2797: 2785: 2762: 2710: 2698: 2596: 2584: 2434: 2192: 2132: 2120: 2072: 2022: 2010: 1933: 1921: 1909: 1885: 1873: 1861: 1805: 1784: 1769: 1059:in face of an Allied attack, stating: 754:-inspired attack on Norway, codenamed 670:were not to be made prisoners of war. 595:During the pre-war years, Simonds and 540:, serving first with B Battery of the 3473: 3154:. Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre. 1449:Collège militaire royal de Saint-Jean 3258:Video Clip from Front Page Challenge 3175: 2930: 2444:New York: The Viking Press. p. 253. 1811: 1026:, which went on to take part in the 538:Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery 420:. The Simonds family was related to 380: 225:Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari 3880:Companions of the Order of the Bath 1838:"Lieutenant-General Guy G. Simonds" 1510:Royal Life Saving Society of Canada 664:Chief of the Imperial General Staff 618:Canada declared war on Nazi Germany 606: 494:Education and early military career 13: 3900:Commanders of the Legion of Honour 3352:GOC 5th Canadian Armoured Division 3325:GOC 1st Canadian Infantry Division 3298:GOC 2nd Canadian Infantry Division 3169: 2938:. Canadian Defence Academy Press. 2936:Guy Simonds and the Art of Command 1735:. February 19, 1946. p. 1053. 1401:(RCAF) units would serve with the 1264:liberation of North-Western Europe 1191:(both British Army), Guy Simonds, 923:, commanded by Lieutenant-General 910: 466:, but died in an air accident off 209:Companion of the Order of the Bath 14: 3976: 3895:Commanders of the Legion of Merit 3870:Companions of the Order of Canada 3199: 1518:Canadian Corps of Commissionaires 1038:was replaced as commander of the 870:51st (Highland) Infantry Division 732:and stayed in the BGS role under 412:and his father an officer in the 245:Commander of the Order of Leopold 235:Commander of the Legion of Honour 1388:in Meppen, Germany, May 31, 1945 1344:National Defence College, Canada 1269: 1040:4th Canadian (Armoured) Division 952:5th Canadian (Armoured) Division 868:, serving alongside the veteran 576:Royal Military College of Canada 511:Royal Military College of Canada 367:National Defence College, Canada 230:Commander of the Legion of Merit 205:Companion of the Order of Canada 153:National Defence College, Canada 86:Mount Pleasant Cemetery, Toronto 3950:Military personnel from Suffolk 3940:Commanders of the Canadian Army 3776:Commanders of the Canadian Army 3501:Commanders of the Canadian Army 3123:The Journal of Military History 2905: 2891:London: Pan Books Ltd. p. 348. 2881: 2872: 2851: 2768: 2716: 2637: 2516: 2498: 2489: 2466: 2425: 2416: 2407: 2398: 2389: 2380: 2371: 2228: 2210: 1790: 1569: 1358:, and on January 16, 1951, the 986:in England, Lieutenant-General 950:as GOC of the recently arrived 789:In January 1943 Simonds became 3248:Bio from World War II Database 1719: 1699: 1679: 1659: 1639: 939:, the former commander of the 813: 695:2nd Canadian Infantry Division 630:1st Canadian Infantry Division 542:Royal Canadian Horse Artillery 315:1st Canadian Infantry Division 169:2nd Canadian Infantry Division 165:1st Canadian Infantry Division 161:5th Canadian Armoured Division 135:Royal Canadian Horse Artillery 1: 3117:Perrun, Jody (January 2003). 3102:. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 1632: 1588: 967:British 7th Armoured Division 941:2nd Canadian Infantry Brigade 917:British 5th Infantry Division 768:1st Canadian Infantry Brigade 634:General Staff Officer Grade 2 404:, his grandfather had been a 402:Honourable East India Company 397:, England on April 24, 1903. 173:1st Canadian Infantry Brigade 2976:Delaney, Douglas E. (2011). 2953:Dancocks, Daniel G. (1991). 1506:Toronto Brick and Associates 1483:which closely resembled the 1282:(Polish Army), Guy Simonds, 1042:. Talented officers such as 728:. Later he was confirmed as 486:attack in June 1944, during 16:Canadian general (1903–1974) 7: 3562:Chiefs of the General Staff 3509:General Officers Commanding 3078:University of Calgary Press 1481:Regiment of Canadian Guards 1346:. In 1951 he was appointed 1220:(Mace) as the Poles called 724:under McNaughton and later 620:and officially entered the 418:Royal Regiment of Artillery 377:, before retiring in 1955. 349:in May 1945. The historian 221:Canadian Forces' Decoration 217:Distinguished Service Order 10: 3981: 3910:Military history of Canada 3660:Commanders, Mobile Command 3452:Chief of the General Staff 2613:The Canadian Encyclopedia. 2386:English (1991) p. 186-188. 2377:English (1991) p. 186-187. 2264:English (1991) p. 184-185. 1492:Retirement and later years 1424:where he will receive the 1348:Chief of the General Staff 1328:Chief of the General Staff 1294:. Standing from the left: 1162:armoured personnel carrier 1095:in five weeks: Operations 1021:General Officer Commanding 1006:Northwest Europe 1944−1945 996:Chief of the General Staff 990:, and post-war pushed for 824:General Officer Commanding 774:. The brigade was sent to 747:'s eye on both occasions. 652:Chief of the General Staff 648:General Officer Commanding 601:Canadian Defence Quarterly 555:in England. Major-General 371:Chief of the General Staff 335:campaign in Western Europe 145:Chief of the General Staff 3955:Canadian Militia officers 3774: 3726: 3658: 3560: 3507: 3458: 3449: 3441: 3431: 3422: 3416: 3408: 3399: 3391: 3383: 3374: 3366: 3358: 3349: 3341: 3331: 3322: 3314: 3304: 3295: 3287: 3282: 3226:Reference to Gus Sinclair 2413:Perrun (2003) pp. 138–139 1522:National Ballet of Canada 1447: 1395:British Army of the Rhine 855:Allied invasion of Sicily 806:, under Montgomery, then 200: 186: 140: 130: 120: 112: 100: 92: 80: 63: 39: 30: 23: 3728:Chiefs of the Land Staff 3329:April 1943–October 1943 3273:11 November 2020 at the 3263:Generals of World War II 3231:Grace Church on the Hill 3206:Order of Canada Citation 3100:The Battle for the Rhine 2980:. Vancouver: UBC Press. 2611:Harris, Stephen. (2000) 1545:Royal Regiment of Canada 1520:and was chairman of the 1399:Royal Canadian Air Force 1363:Supreme Allied Commander 1332:Imperial Defence College 1250:from Lieutenant-General 1128:Simonds's command by SS- 933:Allied invasion of Italy 701:, a veteran of both the 687:Royal Canadian Artillery 612:United Kingdom 1939−1943 553:Staff College, Camberley 359:Imperial Defence College 181:Royal Canadian Artillery 3054:. Stoddart Publishing. 2912:Brooks, Victor (2002). 2513:Perrun (2003) p.172-173 2495:Perrun (2003) p.167-168 2442:Six Armies in Normandy. 2431:Perrun (2003) p.175-176 2422:Perrun (2003) p.139-140 1564:Mount Pleasant Cemetery 954:when it arrived on the 857:. British Rear Admiral 758:, thereby avoiding the 718:Brigadier General Staff 586:writes of the two men: 474:while serving with the 3960:Ashbury College alumni 3150:Zuehlke, Mark (2008). 3002:. Ottawa: Golden Dog. 2887:Hastings, Max. (1985) 2878:Brooks (2002), p. 276. 2395:English (1991) p. 250. 2328:English (1991) p. 185. 2319:Dancocks, pp. 205–207. 2310:English (1991) p. 187. 2301:English (1991) p. 191. 2285:English (1991) p. 186. 2216:English (1991) p. 184. 1624: 1501: 1461:Simonds believed that 1437: 1405:(USAF) instead of the 1389: 1319: 1243: 1239:Sir Bernard Montgomery 1204: 1185:Sir Bernard Montgomery 1152: 1099:(the Canadian part of 1084: 1065: 1016: 907: 884:Sir Bernard Montgomery 846: 616:On September 10, 1939 593: 307:Sir Bernard Montgomery 3377:GOC II Canadian Corps 3241:18 March 2012 at the 3135:10.1353/jmh.2003.0064 2753:Morton (1999) p. 252. 2689:Morton (1999) p. 239. 2677:Morton (1999) p. 238. 2655:Morton (1999) p. 237. 2634:Morton (1999) p. 236. 2486:Zuehlke (2011) p.285. 2472:Zuehlke (2011) p.284. 2440:Keegan, John. (1982) 2234:Morton (1999) p. 212. 2225:Morton (1999) p. 210. 1615: 1611:The Normandy Campaign 1508:. He was active with 1499: 1474:of Winnipeg, and the 1415: 1383: 1277: 1234: 1174: 1145: 1074: 1061: 1013: 905: 844: 836:John Hamilton Roberts 641:Ernest William Sansom 588: 574:, he returned to the 347:victory in Europe Day 343:Battle of the Scheldt 257:Guy Granville Simonds 113:Years of service 3236:Mount Pleasant Group 2643:Morton (1999) p. 237 2536:Morton (1999) p.216. 2404:Perrun (2003) p. 139 1456:8th Canadian Hussars 1370:Dwight D. Eisenhower 1258:of the mouth of the 1175:From left to right: 998:(CGS) over Simonds. 435:His father Cecil, a 317:with distinction in 3855:People from Ixworth 3527:Frederick Middleton 3176:Ryan, Mark (2000). 3026:Stoddart Publishing 2857:Perrun (2003) p.142 2730:on October 15, 2008 2522:Perrun (2003) p.169 2504:Perrun (2003) p.168 2368:Perrun (2003) p.143 1420:'s headquarters in 1248:First Canadian Army 1201:Operation Veritable 1133:Kurt "Panzer" Meyer 984:Canadian First Army 808:fighting in Tunisia 804:British Eighth Army 795:First Canadian Army 784:combined operations 677:, he went on to be 668:German paratroopers 660:Sir Edmund Ironside 410:British Indian Army 339:First Canadian Army 3799:Jean-Marc Lanthier 3585:Willoughby Gwatkin 2800:, p. 275−278. 2775:Link to Google Map 2713:, p. 260−267. 2701:, p. 275−276. 2551:Wakelam, Randall. 2087:, p. 203−204. 1732:The London Gazette 1712:The London Gazette 1692:The London Gazette 1672:The London Gazette 1652:The London Gazette 1600:Sir Brian Horrocks 1527:He criticized the 1502: 1476:Queen's Own Rifles 1438: 1390: 1320: 1256:led the liberation 1244: 1205: 1153: 1101:Operation Goodwood 1093:Battle of Normandy 1085: 1028:Battle of Normandy 1017: 994:to be selected as 921:British XIII Corps 908: 874:Lieutenant-General 847: 745:Bernard Montgomery 742:Lieutenant-General 683:1st Field Regiment 679:commanding officer 675:lieutenant colonel 509:He studied at the 470:in July 1937 in a 331:Battle of Normandy 305:and Field Marshal 254:Lieutenant-General 125:Lieutenant General 59:, Suffolk, England 3835:Canadian generals 3822: 3821: 3693:Jacques Chouinard 3600:Andrew McNaughton 3552:Earl of Dundonald 3537:William Gascoigne 3468: 3467: 3459:Succeeded by 3432:Succeeded by 3419:Sir John Whiteley 3409:Succeeded by 3395:Sir John Whiteley 3384:Succeeded by 3359:Succeeded by 3335:Christopher Vokes 3332:Succeeded by 3305:Succeeded by 3283:Military offices 3161:978-1-55365-539-8 3109:978-0-297-84617-8 3087:978-1-55238-176-2 3070:Granatstein, Jack 3061:978-0-7737-2730-4 3044:Granatstein, Jack 3035:978-0-7737-2692-5 2968:978-0-7710-2544-0 2957:The D-Day Dodgers 2923:978-0-306-81149-4 2352:Dancocks, p. 221. 2273:Dancocks, p. 208. 2252:Dancocks, p. 124. 2243:Dancocks, p. 118. 1957:Dancocks, p. 220. 1842:Juno Beach Centre 1604:Sir Miles Dempsey 1485:Brigade of Guards 1470:of Montreal, the 1386:II Canadian Corps 1374:Louis St. Laurent 1310:(standing in for 1177:Christopher Vokes 1077:Winston Churchill 1036:F. F. Worthington 1024:II Canadian Corps 937:Christopher Vokes 929:Operation Baytown 866:British XXX Corps 534:second lieutenant 515:Kingston, Ontario 484:V-1 (flying bomb) 381:Family background 351:J. L. Granatstein 327:II Canadian Corps 251: 250: 177:st Field Regiment 157:II Canadian Corps 76:, Ontario, Canada 3972: 3673:William Anderson 3494: 3487: 3480: 3471: 3470: 3442:Preceded by 3417:Preceded by 3392:Preceded by 3367:Preceded by 3342:Preceded by 3315:Preceded by 3288:Preceded by 3280: 3279: 3195: 3165: 3146: 3113: 3096:Neillands, Robin 3091: 3065: 3053: 3039: 3018:Graham, Dominick 3013: 2996:English, John A. 2991: 2972: 2960: 2949: 2927: 2899: 2885: 2879: 2876: 2870: 2867:Granatstein 1993 2864: 2858: 2855: 2849: 2843: 2837: 2831: 2825: 2819: 2813: 2807: 2801: 2795: 2789: 2783: 2777: 2772: 2766: 2760: 2754: 2751: 2740: 2739: 2737: 2735: 2720: 2714: 2708: 2702: 2696: 2690: 2687: 2678: 2675: 2656: 2653: 2644: 2641: 2635: 2632: 2623: 2609: 2600: 2594: 2588: 2582: 2576: 2573: 2567: 2566: 2564: 2562: 2557: 2548: 2537: 2534: 2523: 2520: 2514: 2511: 2505: 2502: 2496: 2493: 2487: 2484: 2473: 2470: 2464: 2461:Granatstein 2005 2458: 2452: 2438: 2432: 2429: 2423: 2420: 2414: 2411: 2405: 2402: 2396: 2393: 2387: 2384: 2378: 2375: 2369: 2366: 2353: 2350: 2344: 2341:Granatstein 2005 2338: 2329: 2326: 2320: 2317: 2311: 2308: 2302: 2299: 2286: 2283: 2274: 2271: 2265: 2262: 2253: 2250: 2244: 2241: 2235: 2232: 2226: 2223: 2217: 2214: 2208: 2205:Granatstein 2005 2202: 2196: 2190: 2181: 2178:Granatstein 2005 2175: 2160: 2157: 2148: 2142: 2136: 2130: 2124: 2118: 2112: 2106: 2100: 2094: 2088: 2082: 2076: 2070: 2059: 2056:Granatstein 2005 2053: 2038: 2035:Granatstein 2005 2032: 2026: 2025:, p. 55−57. 2020: 2014: 2013:, p. 47−48. 2008: 2002: 2001: 1990: 1977: 1974:Granatstein 2005 1971: 1958: 1955: 1949: 1946:Granatstein 1993 1943: 1937: 1931: 1925: 1924:, p. 43−44. 1919: 1913: 1907: 1901: 1898:Granatstein 2005 1895: 1889: 1883: 1877: 1871: 1865: 1859: 1853: 1852: 1850: 1848: 1834: 1809: 1808:, p. 42−44. 1803: 1797: 1794: 1788: 1782: 1773: 1767: 1761: 1755: 1749: 1746:Granatstein 2005 1743: 1737: 1736: 1723: 1717: 1716: 1703: 1697: 1696: 1683: 1677: 1676: 1663: 1657: 1656: 1643: 1627:Sir Max Hastings 1472:Fort Garry Horse 1452: 1451: 1292:Bert Hoffmeister 1280:Stanisław Maczek 1214:Stanisław Maczek 960:I Canadian Corps 722:I Canadian Corps 656:Battle of France 622:Second World War 607:Second World War 584:J.L. Granatstein 526:Canadian Militia 441:British Columbia 385:Guy was born in 313:, commanded the 303:Sir Max Hastings 292: 287: 280: 273: 266: 102: 70: 49: 47: 35: 21: 20: 3980: 3979: 3975: 3974: 3973: 3971: 3970: 3969: 3825: 3824: 3823: 3818: 3770: 3722: 3703:Charles Belzile 3654: 3630:Charles Foulkes 3610:Thomas Anderson 3595:Herbert Thacker 3580:Colin Mackenzie 3556: 3503: 3498: 3464: 3455: 3447: 3445:Charles Foulkes 3437: 3435:George Kitching 3428: 3420: 3412: 3405: 3397: 3387: 3380: 3372: 3362: 3355: 3347: 3337: 3328: 3320: 3310: 3301: 3293: 3275:Wayback Machine 3243:Wayback Machine 3202: 3192: 3172: 3170:Further reading 3162: 3152:Operation Husky 3110: 3088: 3062: 3036: 3010: 2988: 2969: 2946: 2924: 2908: 2903: 2902: 2886: 2882: 2877: 2873: 2865: 2861: 2856: 2852: 2844: 2840: 2832: 2828: 2824:, p. 38−1. 2820: 2816: 2808: 2804: 2796: 2792: 2784: 2780: 2773: 2769: 2761: 2757: 2752: 2743: 2733: 2731: 2722: 2721: 2717: 2709: 2705: 2697: 2693: 2688: 2681: 2676: 2659: 2654: 2647: 2642: 2638: 2633: 2626: 2610: 2603: 2595: 2591: 2583: 2579: 2574: 2570: 2560: 2558: 2555: 2549: 2540: 2535: 2526: 2521: 2517: 2512: 2508: 2503: 2499: 2494: 2490: 2485: 2476: 2471: 2467: 2459: 2455: 2439: 2435: 2430: 2426: 2421: 2417: 2412: 2408: 2403: 2399: 2394: 2390: 2385: 2381: 2376: 2372: 2367: 2356: 2351: 2347: 2339: 2332: 2327: 2323: 2318: 2314: 2309: 2305: 2300: 2289: 2284: 2277: 2272: 2268: 2263: 2256: 2251: 2247: 2242: 2238: 2233: 2229: 2224: 2220: 2215: 2211: 2203: 2199: 2191: 2184: 2176: 2163: 2159:Zuehlke, p. 47. 2158: 2151: 2143: 2139: 2131: 2127: 2119: 2115: 2107: 2103: 2095: 2091: 2083: 2079: 2071: 2062: 2054: 2041: 2033: 2029: 2021: 2017: 2009: 2005: 1992: 1991: 1980: 1972: 1961: 1956: 1952: 1944: 1940: 1932: 1928: 1920: 1916: 1908: 1904: 1896: 1892: 1884: 1880: 1872: 1868: 1860: 1856: 1846: 1844: 1836: 1835: 1812: 1804: 1800: 1795: 1791: 1783: 1776: 1768: 1764: 1756: 1752: 1744: 1740: 1724: 1720: 1704: 1700: 1684: 1680: 1664: 1660: 1644: 1640: 1635: 1591: 1572: 1557:Order of Canada 1494: 1463:esprit de corps 1418:Prince Bernhard 1407:Royal Air Force 1324:Charles Foulkes 1318:(British Army). 1288:Charles Foulkes 1272: 1044:George Kitching 1008: 992:Charles Foulkes 969:(famous in the 913: 911:Italy 1943−1944 872:, commanded by 816: 772:H. L. N. Salmon 703:Second Boer War 614: 609: 561:Sir Ronald Adam 519:First World War 500:Ashbury College 496: 391:Bury St Edmunds 383: 285: 278: 271: 264: 260: 243: 238: 233: 232:(United States) 228: 223: 219: 215: 211: 207: 193: 175: 171: 167: 163: 159: 155: 151: 147: 88: 72: 68: 57:Bury St Edmunds 51: 45: 43: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3978: 3968: 3967: 3962: 3957: 3952: 3947: 3942: 3937: 3932: 3927: 3922: 3917: 3912: 3907: 3902: 3897: 3892: 3887: 3882: 3877: 3872: 3867: 3862: 3857: 3852: 3847: 3842: 3837: 3820: 3819: 3817: 3816: 3814:Michael Wright 3811: 3806: 3801: 3796: 3791: 3789:Marquis Hainse 3786: 3780: 3778: 3772: 3771: 3769: 3768: 3763: 3758: 3753: 3748: 3743: 3738: 3732: 3730: 3724: 3723: 3721: 3720: 3715: 3710: 3705: 3700: 3695: 3690: 3688:Stanley Waters 3685: 3683:William Milroy 3680: 3675: 3670: 3664: 3662: 3656: 3655: 3653: 3652: 3650:Geoffrey Walsh 3647: 3642: 3637: 3632: 3627: 3622: 3620:Kenneth Stuart 3617: 3612: 3607: 3602: 3597: 3592: 3590:James MacBrien 3587: 3582: 3577: 3572: 3566: 3564: 3558: 3557: 3555: 3554: 3549: 3544: 3539: 3534: 3529: 3524: 3519: 3513: 3511: 3505: 3504: 3497: 3496: 3489: 3482: 3474: 3466: 3465: 3460: 3457: 3448: 3443: 3439: 3438: 3433: 3430: 3421: 3418: 3414: 3413: 3410: 3407: 3398: 3393: 3389: 3388: 3386:Post disbanded 3385: 3382: 3373: 3368: 3364: 3363: 3360: 3357: 3348: 3343: 3339: 3338: 3333: 3330: 3321: 3316: 3312: 3311: 3306: 3303: 3294: 3289: 3285: 3284: 3278: 3277: 3265: 3260: 3255: 3250: 3245: 3233: 3228: 3223: 3218: 3213: 3208: 3201: 3200:External links 3198: 3197: 3196: 3191:978-1550023510 3190: 3171: 3168: 3167: 3166: 3160: 3147: 3129:(1): 137–173. 3114: 3108: 3092: 3086: 3066: 3060: 3040: 3034: 3014: 3008: 2992: 2986: 2973: 2967: 2950: 2945:978-0662445883 2944: 2928: 2922: 2907: 2904: 2901: 2900: 2880: 2871: 2869:, p. 146. 2859: 2850: 2848:, p. 274. 2838: 2836:, p. 227. 2826: 2814: 2812:, p. 279. 2802: 2790: 2788:, p. 278. 2778: 2767: 2765:, p. 277. 2755: 2741: 2715: 2703: 2691: 2679: 2657: 2645: 2636: 2624: 2601: 2599:, p. 223. 2589: 2587:, p. 222. 2577: 2568: 2538: 2524: 2515: 2506: 2497: 2488: 2474: 2465: 2463:, p. 169. 2453: 2433: 2424: 2415: 2406: 2397: 2388: 2379: 2370: 2354: 2345: 2343:, p. 163. 2330: 2321: 2312: 2303: 2287: 2275: 2266: 2254: 2245: 2236: 2227: 2218: 2209: 2207:, p. 157. 2197: 2182: 2180:, p. 156. 2161: 2149: 2147:, p. 205. 2137: 2125: 2113: 2111:, p. 197. 2101: 2099:, p. 204. 2089: 2077: 2060: 2058:, p. 155. 2039: 2037:, p. 154. 2027: 2015: 2003: 1978: 1976:, p. 152. 1959: 1950: 1948:, p. 152. 1938: 1926: 1914: 1902: 1900:, p. 149. 1890: 1878: 1866: 1854: 1810: 1798: 1789: 1774: 1772:, p. 9−5. 1762: 1760:, p. 190. 1750: 1748:, p. 173. 1738: 1718: 1698: 1678: 1658: 1637: 1636: 1634: 1631: 1590: 1587: 1571: 1568: 1493: 1490: 1443:Brooke Claxton 1316:Stuart Rawlins 1300:Bruce Matthews 1271: 1268: 1189:Brian Horrocks 1052:Geoffrey Walsh 1048:Bruce Matthews 1032:British Empire 1007: 1004: 988:Kenneth Stuart 971:Western Desert 931:, part of the 912: 909: 822:and appointed 815: 812: 791:chief of staff 726:George Pearkes 662:, the British 613: 610: 608: 605: 597:E. L. M. Burns 524:He joined the 495: 492: 472:Miles Magister 382: 379: 249: 248: 202: 198: 197: 188: 184: 183: 142: 138: 137: 132: 128: 127: 122: 118: 117: 114: 110: 109: 104: 98: 97: 94: 90: 89: 84: 82: 78: 77: 71:(aged 71) 65: 61: 60: 50:April 23, 1903 41: 37: 36: 28: 27: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3977: 3966: 3963: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3951: 3948: 3946: 3943: 3941: 3938: 3936: 3933: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3911: 3908: 3906: 3903: 3901: 3898: 3896: 3893: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3863: 3861: 3858: 3856: 3853: 3851: 3848: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3838: 3836: 3833: 3832: 3830: 3815: 3812: 3810: 3807: 3805: 3802: 3800: 3797: 3795: 3792: 3790: 3787: 3785: 3782: 3781: 3779: 3777: 3773: 3767: 3766:Andrew Leslie 3764: 3762: 3759: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3747: 3746:William Leach 3744: 3742: 3741:Maurice Baril 3739: 3737: 3734: 3733: 3731: 3729: 3725: 3719: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3709: 3706: 3704: 3701: 3699: 3696: 3694: 3691: 3689: 3686: 3684: 3681: 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3193: 3187: 3183: 3182:Dundurn Press 3179: 3174: 3173: 3163: 3157: 3153: 3148: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3115: 3111: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3057: 3052: 3051: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3009:9780919614604 3005: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2987:9780774820905 2983: 2979: 2974: 2970: 2964: 2959: 2958: 2951: 2947: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2919: 2915: 2910: 2909: 2898: 2897:0-330-28691-9 2894: 2890: 2884: 2875: 2868: 2863: 2854: 2847: 2842: 2835: 2830: 2823: 2818: 2811: 2806: 2799: 2794: 2787: 2782: 2776: 2771: 2764: 2759: 2750: 2748: 2746: 2729: 2725: 2719: 2712: 2707: 2700: 2695: 2686: 2684: 2674: 2672: 2670: 2668: 2666: 2664: 2662: 2652: 2650: 2640: 2631: 2629: 2622: 2621:0-7710-2099-6 2618: 2614: 2608: 2606: 2598: 2593: 2586: 2581: 2572: 2554: 2547: 2545: 2543: 2533: 2531: 2529: 2519: 2510: 2501: 2492: 2483: 2481: 2479: 2469: 2462: 2457: 2451: 2450:0-670-64736-5 2447: 2443: 2437: 2428: 2419: 2410: 2401: 2392: 2383: 2374: 2365: 2363: 2361: 2359: 2349: 2342: 2337: 2335: 2325: 2316: 2307: 2298: 2296: 2294: 2292: 2282: 2280: 2270: 2261: 2259: 2249: 2240: 2231: 2222: 2213: 2206: 2201: 2195:, p. 69. 2194: 2189: 2187: 2179: 2174: 2172: 2170: 2168: 2166: 2156: 2154: 2146: 2141: 2135:, p. 67. 2134: 2129: 2123:, p. 59. 2122: 2117: 2110: 2105: 2098: 2093: 2086: 2081: 2075:, p. 66. 2074: 2069: 2067: 2065: 2057: 2052: 2050: 2048: 2046: 2044: 2036: 2031: 2024: 2019: 2012: 2007: 1999: 1995: 1989: 1987: 1985: 1983: 1975: 1970: 1968: 1966: 1964: 1954: 1947: 1942: 1936:, p. 33. 1935: 1930: 1923: 1918: 1912:, p. 28. 1911: 1906: 1899: 1894: 1888:, p. 25. 1887: 1882: 1876:, p. 24. 1875: 1870: 1864:, p. 17. 1863: 1858: 1843: 1839: 1833: 1831: 1829: 1827: 1825: 1823: 1821: 1819: 1817: 1815: 1807: 1802: 1793: 1787:, p. 15. 1786: 1781: 1779: 1771: 1766: 1759: 1754: 1747: 1742: 1734: 1733: 1728: 1722: 1714: 1713: 1708: 1702: 1694: 1693: 1688: 1682: 1674: 1673: 1668: 1662: 1654: 1653: 1648: 1642: 1638: 1630: 1628: 1623: 1621: 1614: 1612: 1609:In his book, 1607: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1586: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1567: 1565: 1560: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1541: 1538: 1537:"unification" 1535: 1530: 1525: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1498: 1489: 1486: 1482: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1464: 1459: 1457: 1450: 1444: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1414: 1410: 1408: 1404: 1403:U.S Air Force 1400: 1396: 1387: 1382: 1378: 1375: 1371: 1368: 1364: 1361: 1357: 1356:World War III 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1308:Robert Moncel 1305: 1301: 1297: 1296:Ralph Keefler 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1276: 1270:Post-war Army 1267: 1265: 1261: 1260:Scheldt River 1257: 1253: 1249: 1240: 1237: 1236:Field Marshal 1233: 1229: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1209: 1202: 1198: 1197:Bruce Mathews 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1173: 1169: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1149: 1144: 1140: 1138: 1134: 1131: 1130:Brigadeführer 1126: 1122: 1119:tanks to the 1118: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1089: 1082: 1081:Miles Dempsey 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398: 396: 392: 388: 378: 376: 372: 368: 364: 360: 355: 352: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 328: 324: 320: 316: 312: 311:staff officer 308: 304: 300: 296: 295:Canadian Army 291: 284: 277: 270: 263: 258: 255: 246: 242:(Netherlands) 241: 236: 231: 226: 222: 218: 214: 210: 206: 203: 199: 196: 192: 189: 185: 182: 178: 174: 170: 166: 162: 158: 154: 150: 146: 143: 139: 136: 133: 129: 126: 123: 119: 115: 111: 108: 107:Canadian Army 105: 99: 95: 91: 87: 83: 79: 75: 66: 62: 58: 54: 42: 38: 34: 29: 22: 19: 3809:Jocelyn Paul 3784:Peter Devlin 3775: 3756:Rick Hillier 3751:Mike Jeffery 3727: 3698:Jean Paradis 3659: 3645:Samuel Clark 3634: 3625:John Murchie 3615:Harry Crerar 3561: 3547:Richard Haly 3532:Ivor Herbert 3517:Edward Smyth 3508: 3450: 3423: 3400: 3375: 3361:Eedson Burns 3350: 3323: 3318:Harry Salmon 3308:Eedson Burns 3296: 3291:John Roberts 3177: 3151: 3126: 3122: 3099: 3073: 3049: 3021: 2999: 2977: 2956: 2935: 2913: 2906:Bibliography 2888: 2883: 2874: 2862: 2853: 2841: 2829: 2817: 2805: 2793: 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Toronto: 2932:Copp, Terry 2846:Graham 1994 2834:Graham 1994 2822:Graham 1994 2810:Graham 1994 2798:Graham 1994 2786:Graham 1994 2763:Graham 1994 2734:October 31, 2711:Graham 1994 2699:Graham 1994 2597:Graham 1994 2585:Graham 1994 2193:Graham 1994 2133:Graham 1994 2121:Graham 1994 2073:Graham 1994 2023:Graham 1994 2011:Graham 1994 1998:generals.dk 1934:Graham 1994 1922:Graham 1994 1910:Graham 1994 1886:Graham 1994 1874:Graham 1994 1862:Graham 1994 1806:Graham 1994 1785:Graham 1994 1770:Graham 1994 1727:"No. 37476" 1707:"No. 37686" 1687:"No. 37204" 1667:"No. 36180" 1647:"No. 35842" 1620:Falaise gap 1468:Black Watch 1312:Chris Vokes 1193:Daniel Spry 1151:Montgomery. 919:as part of 859:Philip Mack 814:Sicily 1943 760:Dieppe Raid 713:, and made 462:) became a 445:World War I 426:Lord Milner 341:during the 329:during the 25:Guy Simonds 3829:Categories 3804:Wayne Eyre 3761:Marc Caron 3570:Percy Lake 3456:1951–1955 3429:1949–1951 3406:1949−1951 3381:1944–1945 3356:1943–1944 1633:References 1589:Assessment 1553:curriculum 1529:government 1434:peaked cap 1336:Commandant 851:Devonshire 468:Felixstowe 464:test pilot 422:Ivor Maxse 375:Korean War 195:Korean War 93:Allegiance 46:1903-04-23 3736:Gord Reay 3708:James Fox 3143:159737875 2561:August 9, 1577:subaltern 1422:Apeldoorn 1148:George VI 1113:Tractable 1056:Wehrmacht 896:Wehrmacht 756:"Jupiter" 752:Churchill 730:brigadier 720:(BGS) of 711:brigadier 632:, as its 557:Lord Gort 536:into the 480:Admiralty 476:A&AEE 361:(IDC) in 247:(Belgium) 116:1926–1960 3271:Archived 3239:Archived 3072:(2005). 3046:(1993). 3020:(1994). 2998:(1991). 2934:(2007). 1342:and the 1242:Simonds. 1222:Hill 262 1158:Kangaroo 1109:Totalize 1097:Atlantic 888:division 780:Scotland 776:Inverary 528:and was 453:Victoria 345:, until 237:(France) 227:(Poland) 141:Commands 101:Service/ 1534:Hellyer 1409:(RAF). 1367:General 1338:of the 1226:Maczuga 1218:Maczuga 1166:Priests 1121:Panther 1117:Sherman 881:General 793:of the 681:of the 549:captain 449:colonel 408:in the 395:Suffolk 389:, near 387:Ixworth 74:Toronto 55:, near 53:Ixworth 3188: 3158: 3141: 3106: 3084: 3058: 3032: 3006: 2984: 2965: 2942: 2920: 2895: 2619: 2448: 1514:Gurkha 1512:, the 1105:Spring 715:acting 697:under 626:Ottawa 546:brevet 504:Ottawa 460:Bisley 363:London 319:Sicily 201:Awards 103:branch 96:Canada 81:Buried 3139:S2CID 2556:(PDF) 1430:beret 1125:Tiger 828:major 738:Tiger 591:1939. 572:major 437:major 323:Italy 288: 286:, 281: 279:, 274: 272:, 267: 265:, 3186:ISBN 3156:ISBN 3104:ISBN 3082:ISBN 3056:ISBN 3030:ISBN 3004:ISBN 2982:ISBN 2963:ISBN 2940:ISBN 2918:ISBN 2893:ISBN 2736:2011 2617:ISBN 2563:2012 2446:ISBN 1849:2005 1360:NATO 1195:and 1123:and 1111:and 1050:and 1015:1944 424:and 321:and 131:Unit 121:Rank 64:Died 40:Born 3131:doi 1549:RMC 1326:as 1314:), 1103:), 778:in 513:in 502:in 416:'s 283:DSO 276:CBE 3831:: 3411:?? 3184:. 3180:. 3137:. 3127:67 3125:. 3121:. 3080:. 3076:. 3028:. 2744:^ 2682:^ 2660:^ 2648:^ 2627:^ 2604:^ 2541:^ 2527:^ 2477:^ 2357:^ 2333:^ 2290:^ 2278:^ 2257:^ 2185:^ 2164:^ 2152:^ 2063:^ 2042:^ 1996:. 1981:^ 1962:^ 1840:. 1813:^ 1777:^ 1729:. 1709:. 1689:. 1669:. 1649:. 1559:. 1524:. 1365:, 1306:, 1302:, 1298:, 1290:, 1286:, 1266:. 1187:, 1183:, 1179:, 1107:, 1046:, 943:. 810:. 786:. 685:, 603:. 490:. 393:, 290:CD 269:CB 262:CC 259:, 179:, 3493:e 3486:t 3479:v 3194:. 3164:. 3145:. 3133:: 3112:. 3090:. 3064:. 3038:. 3012:. 2990:. 2971:. 2948:. 2926:. 2738:. 2565:. 2000:. 1851:. 1796:v 1436:. 1203:. 1156:" 48:) 44:(

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