833:, äsät or "false banana plant"). This has a massive stem that grows underground and is involved in every aspect of Gurage life. It has a place in everyday interactions among community members as well as specific roles in rituals. For example: the ritual uses of ensete include wrapping a corpse after death with the fronds and tying off the umbilical cord after birth with an ensete fiber; the practical uses include wrapping goods and fireproofing thatch. Ensete is also exchanged as part of a variety of social interactions, and used as a recompense for services rendered.
849:, a thick bread made from ensete, and is supplemented by cabbage, cheese, butter and grains. Meat is not consumed on a regular basis, but usually eaten when an animal is sacrificed during a ritual or ceremonial event. The Gurage pound the root of the ensete to extract the edible substance, then place it in deep pits between the rows of ensete plants in the field. It ferments in the pit, which makes it more palatable. It can be stored for up to several years in this fashion, and the Gurage typically retain large surpluses of ensete as a protection against famine.
143:
2141:
175:
2085:
542:
33:
779:
428:, which left military colonies that eventually became isolated from both northern Ethiopia and each other. However other historians have raised the issue of the complexity of Gurage peoples if viewed as a singular group, for example Ulrich Braukhamper states that the Gurage East people may have been an extension of the ancient
879:
are primarily kept for their butter, and a typical Gurage household has a large quantity of spiced butter aging in clay pots hung from the walls of their huts. Butter is believed to be medicinal, and the Gurage often take it internally or use it a lotion or poultice. A Gurage proverb states that "A
478:
A single military expedition explanation is likely possible for soldiers to implant their language in the region effectively. However the extent of
Aksumite political and economic control over the interior Ethiopian Highlands, as well as that of successor dynasties dominating the Christian north,
519:
who declared jihad against the
Shewans. In October 1876 Menilek himself campaigned in Chaha Gurage . He was defeated and a large number of Shewan captives were sold to Wällamo by the victors. Only about one-third of Menilek's men returned safely. Among those killed in the battle was Aläqa Zänäb,
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attributed to them. They are model of good work culture in the whole
Ethiopia. One of the most famous Ethiopian musicians, Mohamoud Ahmed, still recalls how he started out in life shining shoes in the city before he got his break and joined the music orchestra that allowed him to capture the
479:
is being studied. Aside from local oral traditions linking their past to areas farther north, the Gurage countryside is home to orthodox
Christian monasteries likely dating to the Middle Ages (Debre Tsion Maryam, Muher Iyesus, Abuna Gebre Menfes Kiddus, and others), before the conquests of
733:. According to the 1994 Ethiopian census, self-identifying Gurage comprise about 2.7% of Ethiopia's population, or about 1.4 million people. The populations of Gurage people are not exactly known because approximately half of the population live outside of the Gurage zone.
764:
The Gurage people are highly entrepreneurial people with a culture of social mobility that celebrates hard work. As a result, the Gurage are represented in all business sectors in
Ethiopia, ranging from shoe shiners to owners of big businesses. Commonly, the Addis Ababa
883:
The Gurage regard overeating as coarse and vulgar, and regard it as poor etiquette to eat all of the ensete that a host passes around to guests. It is considered polite to leave at least some ensete bread even after a very small portion is passed around.
447:
troops to be sent to mountainous regions in Gurage (named Gerege), which eventually became a permanent settlement. In addition to Amda Seyon's military settlement there, the permanence of
Abyssinian presence in Gurage is documented during his descendants
1323:
900:
is made by shaping the ensete paste into a thick circle and wrapping it in a thin layer of ensete leaves. Its baked in a small pit with coals. Sometimes the paste is just cooked over a griddle.
432:
people. Indeed, there is evidence that Harla architecture may have influenced old buildings (pre-16th c.) found near Harar (eastern
Ethiopia), and the Gurage East group often cite kinship with
1271:
1431:
Hunger, Anxiety, and Ritual: Deprivation and Spirit
Possession Among the Gurage of Ethiopia Author(s): William A. Shack Source: Man, New Series, Vol. 6, No. 1 (Mar., 1971), pp. 30-43
1440:
Hunger, Anxiety, and Ritual: Deprivation and Spirit
Possession Among the Gurage of Ethiopia Author(s): William A. ShackSource: Man, New Series, Vol. 6, No. 1 (Mar., 1971), pp. 30-43
499:. In 1878, the Soddo Gurage living in Northern and Eastern Gurageland peacefully submitted to Menelik and their lands were left untouched by his armies, likely due to their shared
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Ensete is totally involved in every aspect of the daily social and ritual life of the Gurage, who, with several others tribes in
Southwest Ethiopia, form what has been termed the
1319:
475:. This believed that linguistically by citing a southward Semitic migration during the late classical and medieval period; however more historical research needed.
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author of the first chronicle of Emperor Tewodros. The muslim Gurages fought for over a decade to keep the Shewans from the Muslim areas of Gurage until 1888 when
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525:
904:
a minced raw beef mixed with butter and spicy pepper is commonly attributed to the Gurage. It is also supplemented by cabbage, cheese, butter, and grains.
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notes, "have earned a reputation as skilled traders". One example of an enterprising Gurage is Tekke, who Nathaniel T. Kenney described as "an Ethiopian
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is practiced, mainly for milk supply and dung. Other foods consumed include green cabbage, cheese, butter, roasted grains, meat and others.
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sickness that has the upper hand over butter is destined for death." Different species of ensete are also eaten to alleviate illness.
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511:. However, in Western Gurageland which was inhabited by the Sebat Bet, Kebena and Wolene fiercely resisted Menelik. They were led by
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Shack, William,1997: "Hunger, Anxiety, and Ritual: Deprivation and Spirit Possession among the Gurage of Ethiopia" in
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1101:
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717:; the remaining 6.95% spoke all other primary languages reported. The majority of the inhabitants were reported as
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17:
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83:
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50:
1237:"Change and Continuity of Traditional System of Governance: The Case of Oget among the Qebena, South Ethiopia"
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Institutional Change in the Horn of Africa: The Allocation of Property Rights and Implications for Development
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area... the life of the Gurage is enmeshed with various uses of ensete, not the least of which is nutritional.
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2007:
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2017:
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rewarded his achievement in creating his plantation by calling him to Addis Ababa and decorating him."
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According to the 2007 Ethiopian national census the Gurage can also be found in substantial numbers in
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origin is explained by traditions of a military expedition to the south during the last years of the
1385:
Shack, Dorothy. "Nutritional Processes and Personality Development among the Gurage of Ethiopia" in
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Shack, Dorothy. "Nutritional Processes and Personality Development among the Gurage of Ethiopia" in
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556:
43:
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The Gurage in rural highland areas centers their lives on the cultivation of their staple crop
2153:
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2012:
1694:
1587:
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According to the 1994 census, the six largest ethnic groups reported in Gurage Zone were the
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groups which migrated and settled in that region for different reasons and at various times.
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In the late 1870s Menelik led a campaign to incorporate the lands of the Gurage people into
2158:
2027:
382:
90:
693:(2.16%), and the Kebena (1.82%); all other ethnic groups made up 4.21% of the population.
8:
1744:
665:, the Gurage languages are heavily influenced by the surrounding non-Semitic Afroasiatic
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where the army was defeated by the Shewans, and with that all of Gurageland was subdued.
508:
456:'s reigns. Thus, historically, Gurage peoples may be the product of a complex mixture of
1509:
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Ensete can be prepared in a variety of ways. A normal Gurage diet consists primarily of
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2022:
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303:
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1704:
1543:
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The Gurage live a sedentary life based on agriculture, involving a complex system of
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607:
457:
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G. W. E. Huntingford, "William A. Shack: The Gurage: a people of the ensete culture"
1966:
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1484:(pp. 125–137). Ed. Carole Counihan and Penny van Esterik. New York: Routledge.
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860:) and livestock is raised (mainly for milk and fertilizer). Some Gurage also plant
819:
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1911:
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961:
Summary and Statistical Report of the 2007 Population and Housing Census Results
670:
1926:
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1809:
1717:
1452:
Lebel, Phillip, 1974. "Oral Traditional and Chronicles on Guragé Immigration,"
1389:. Ed. Carole Counihan and Penny van Esterik. (New York: Routledge, 1997). p121.
1373:. Ed. Carole Counihan and Penny van Esterik. (New York: Routledge, 1997). p117.
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Worku Nida 2005: "Guraghe ethno-historical survey". In: Siegbert Uhlig (ed.):
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1000:
Lebel, Phillip. 1974. "Oral Traditional and Chronicles on Guragé Immigration".
721:, with 33.98% of the population reporting that belief, while 62.97% practised
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1941:
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658:
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142:
1255:"Fanonet: Ethnohistorical Notes on the Gurage Urban Migration in Ethiopia"
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1401:"Contact-induced language change in selected Ethiopian Semitic Languages"
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THE STRUGGLE FOR RECOGNITION: A CRITICAL ETHNOGRAPHIC STUDY OF THE ZAY
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A Gurage teenager picking potatoes on one of the Ethiopian highlands
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imagination of millions of admirers both in Ethiopia and abroad.
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954:"Table 2.2 Percentage Distribution of Major Ethnic Groups: 2007"
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893:
876:
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853:
807:
468:
421:
1425:
757:": "He began his career selling old bottles and tin cans; the
669:. Gurage is written left to right using a system based on the
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791:
614:. They have three subgroups: Northern, Eastern and Western.
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461:
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205:
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The Aymallal Gurage in the 19th century: a political history
963:. United Nations Population Fund. p. 16. Archived from
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799:
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1491:. Vol. 2: D-Ha. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. pp. 929–935.
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In addition to ensete, cash crops are maintained (notably
1434:
1406:. Centre français des études éthiopiennes. Archived from
334:
325:
1477:, London – New York – Nairobi: Oxford University Press.
1235:
Approved, Indus Foundation International Journals UGC.
1461:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
1515:
The Gurage People – Carolyn Ford with SIM in Ethiopia
57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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697:is spoken as a first language by 39.93%, 35.04%
1207:"The Introduction and Legacy of Menelik's life"
2059:
1578:
1564:
1399:Girma A. Demeke; Ronny Meyer (14 June 2011).
1165:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 112.
1130:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 112.
1093:Islamic History and Culture in South Ethiopia
987:
985:
1459:G. W. E. Huntingford, 1966. Review article,
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1379:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1475:The Guraghe. A People of the Ensete Culture
1162:Layers of Time : a History of Ethiopia
1127:Layers of Time : a History of Ethiopia
689:(9.75%), the Mareqo or Libido (2.21%), the
602:The Gurage languages are a subgroup of the
570:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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2052:
1571:
1557:
1089:
1056:2007 Ethiopian Regional States Census Data
982:
171:
141:
1376:
1358:
994:
590:Learn how and when to remove this message
436:(Hararghe) peoples in the distant past.
129:Semitic-speaking ethnic group in Ethiopia
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
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777:
740:
365:, a fertile, semi-mountainous region in
1342:(New York: Picador, 2000), p. 227.
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14:
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1301:Ethiopia: A Model Nation of Minorities
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952:Central Statistical Agency, Ethiopia.
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1123:
868:(which the Gurage also call injera).
1234:
825:The principal crop of the Gurage is
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568:adding citations to reliable sources
535:
503:faith and prior submission to Negus
471:were originated from a place called
369:, about 125 kilometers southwest of
166:Regions with significant populations
55:adding citations to reliable sources
26:
2073:
1080:
1077:(New York: Palgrave, 2000), p. 112.
1014:. Universal-Publishers. p. 1.
685:(45.02%), the Silt'e (34.81%), the
24:
907:
353:-speaking ethnic group inhabiting
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1495:
1219:
1159:Henze, Paul B. Palgrave. (2016).
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676:
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321:
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31:
2150:Multi-ethnic civic nationalism
1510:Gurage and Silte Research Group
1456:, Vol. 12 (2): pp. 95–106.
1392:
1351:Kenney, "Ethiopian Adventure",
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1313:
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1278:. November 2007. Archived from
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723:Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity
367:Central Ethiopia Regional State
42:needs additional citations for
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1041:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
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773:
13:
1:
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1243:– via www.academia.edu.
621:, consisting of the dialects
439:Braukhamper also states King
349:: ጉራጌ, ቤተ-ጉርዓ, ቤተ-ጉራጌ) are a
1454:Journal of Ethiopian Studies
1340:Notes from the Hyena's Belly
1010:Joireman, Sandra F. (1997).
487:into the central Highlands.
7:
1090:Braukamper, Ulrich (2002).
745:Gurage artist Mahmoud Ahmed
663:Ethiopian Semitic languages
612:Afroasiatic language family
604:Ethiopian Semitic languages
531:
416:According to the historian
10:
2201:
1482:Food and Culture: A Reader
1387:Food and Culture: A Reader
1371:Food and Culture: A Reader
1355:, 127 (1965), p. 582.
887:
814:which used as traditional
490:
481:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi
147:A Gurage boy ploughing in
2185:Ethnic groups in Ethiopia
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2000:
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1580:Ethnic groups in Ethiopia
1469:10.1017/S0041977X00073857
1320:Statistical report Part 1
1096:. LITverlag. p. 18.
806:are grown, which include
617:Gurage languages include
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1489:Encyclopaedia Aethiopica
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467:Another stated that the
385:, to the southwest, and
1310:(accessed 6 April 2006)
1124:Henze, Paul B. (2016).
749:The Gurage, the writer
1473:Shack, William, 1966:
919:Habte Giyorgis Dinagde
843:
839:Ensete Culture Complex
783:
759:Emperor Haile Selassie
746:
2154:Ethiopian nationalism
835:
781:
744:
507:, grandfather of the
381:, a tributary of the
220:Related ethnic groups
2159:Eritrean nationalism
1544:Google map of Gurage
564:improve this section
526:Battle of Jebdu Meda
51:improve this article
1745:Soddo Gurage people
1353:National Geographic
790:and transplanting.
357:. They inhabit the
137:
2126:People of Ethiopia
1532:2016-09-17 at the
1527:Facts about Gurage
1520:2009-09-12 at the
1326:2008-11-19 at the
1306:2011-07-18 at the
1272:Statistical Report
1061:2016-08-24 at the
1044:. Merriam-Webster.
784:
755:Horatio Alger, Jr.
747:
713:, and 1.93% spoke
667:Cushitic languages
524:faced them in the
501:Ethiopian Orthodox
377:in the north, the
135:
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2131:People of Eritrea
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2040:
1893:
1892:
1463:, 29, pp 667–667
1209:. 20 August 2018.
1172:978-1-137-11786-1
1137:978-1-137-11786-1
871:The Gurage raise
737:The Gurage people
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300:Ethiopian Semitic
214:traditional faith
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683:Sebat Bet Gurage
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161:1,867,350 (2007)
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1496:External links
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709:, 2.16% spoke
705:, 3.93% spoke
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608:Semitic family
598:
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580:September 2019
548:
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539:
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505:Sahle Selassie
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1413:on 2014-11-06
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1282:on 2012-11-13
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1103:9783825856717
1099:
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1064:
1060:
1057:
1054:Table 3.1 on
1051:
1043:
1042:
1037:
1031:
1023:
1017:
1013:
1006:
997:
988:
986:
966:
962:
955:
948:
944:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
924:Mahmoud Ahmed
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
911:
905:
903:
899:
895:
885:
881:
878:
874:
869:
867:
863:
859:
855:
850:
848:
842:
840:
834:
832:
831:Ensete edulis
829:(also enset,
828:
823:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
788:crop rotation
780:
771:
768:
762:
760:
756:
752:
751:Nega Mezlekia
743:
734:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
677:Gurage region
674:
672:
668:
664:
661:. Like other
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
615:
613:
609:
605:
594:
591:
583:
573:
569:
565:
559:
558:
554:
549:This section
547:
543:
538:
537:
529:
527:
523:
522:Gobana Dacche
518:
514:
513:Hassan Enjamo
510:
506:
502:
498:
488:
486:
482:
476:
474:
473:Gura, Eritrea
470:
465:
463:
459:
455:
451:
446:
442:
437:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
418:Paul B. Henze
409:
407:
403:
399:
398:Oromia Region
395:
390:
389:in the east.
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
342:
318:
305:
301:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
226:
223:
218:
215:
211:
207:
203:
198:
195:
191:
186:
182:
169:
164:
159:
154:
150:
144:
139:
121:
118:
110:
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
82:
78:
75:
71:
68: –
67:
63:
62:Find sources:
56:
52:
46:
45:
40:This article
38:
34:
29:
28:
19:
2099:
1899:Nilo-Saharan
1750:Chebo people
1739:
1728:Beta Abraham
1588:Afro-Asiatic
1481:
1474:
1460:
1453:
1436:
1427:
1415:. Retrieved
1408:the original
1394:
1386:
1370:
1352:
1347:
1339:
1334:
1315:
1296:
1284:. Retrieved
1280:the original
1266:
1249:
1241:indusedu.org
1240:
1230:
1221:
1215:
1201:
1189:
1161:
1154:
1126:
1119:
1107:. Retrieved
1092:
1074:
1069:
1050:
1039:
1030:
1011:
1005:
996:
972:. Retrieved
965:the original
960:
947:
934:Berhanu Nega
914:Desta Damtew
891:
882:
870:
851:
844:
838:
836:
830:
824:
794:is the main
785:
763:
748:
729:, and 0.95%
725:, 1.9% were
703:Soddo Gurage
687:Soddo Gurage
680:
671:Geʽez script
616:
601:
586:
577:
562:Please help
550:
494:
477:
466:
438:
415:
391:
316:
314:
210:Christianity
132:Ethnic group
113:
107:January 2022
104:
94:
87:
80:
73:
61:
49:Please help
44:verification
41:
1733:Falash Mura
1723:Beta Israel
1322:csa.gov.et
796:staple food
774:Agriculture
727:Protestants
649:, and also
606:within the
394:Addis Ababa
387:Hora-Dambal
375:Awash River
371:Addis Ababa
359:Gurage Zone
279:Beta Israel
149:Gurage Zone
2174:Categories
1447:References
1417:6 November
1274:(Report).
1181:1083468654
1146:1083468654
1021:1581120001
974:21 October
816:stimulants
804:cash crops
802:and other
458:Abyssinian
450:Zara Yaqob
441:Amda Seyon
379:Gibe River
77:newspapers
2033:Jamaicans
1977:Shanqella
1967:Nyangatom
1875:Wolaitans
1625:Daasanach
619:Sebat Bet
551:does not
406:Dire Dawa
383:Omo River
234:Tigrayans
188:Languages
2119:Tigrinya
2105:Tigrayan
2028:Italians
2013:Armenian
1870:Shinasha
1772:Tigrayan
1655:Kambaata
1597:Cushitic
1530:Archived
1518:Archived
1324:Archived
1304:Archived
1059:Archived
1036:"Gurage"
875:. These
864:and eat
731:Catholic
643:Endegegn
532:Language
454:Dawit II
445:Eritrean
443:ordered
355:Ethiopia
304:Cushitic
229:Tigrinya
200:Religion
181:Ethiopia
2018:Chinese
1927:Kichepo
1810:Basketo
1718:Argobba
1705:Semitic
1685:Somalis
1539:GeoHive
1286:2 March
1109:25 June
1073:Henze,
888:Cuisine
767:Merkato
707:Amharic
610:of the
572:removed
557:sources
509:Emperor
491:History
351:Semitic
306:peoples
91:scholar
2115:Tegaru
2100:Gurage
2095:Amhara
2023:Greeks
1942:Majang
1792:Omotic
1767:Wolane
1762:Silt'e
1757:Harari
1740:Gurage
1713:Amhara
1690:Tsamai
1680:Sidama
1670:Qemant
1645:Hadiya
1615:Arbore
1179:
1169:
1144:
1134:
1100:
1018:
894:ensete
877:cattle
866:injera
854:coffee
827:ensete
808:coffee
792:Ensete
719:Muslim
715:Kebena
711:Libido
699:Silt'e
691:Amhara
655:Masqan
517:Kebena
469:Gurage
434:Harari
422:Gurage
420:, the
412:Origin
347:Gurage
317:Gurage
298:other
289:Somali
249:Harari
244:Amhara
178:
136:Gurage
93:
86:
79:
72:
64:
1992:Tirma
1987:Surma
1982:Shita
1972:Shabo
1957:Mursi
1952:Murle
1947:Mekan
1937:Kwegu
1932:Kwama
1922:Gumuz
1917:Berta
1907:Anuak
1885:Zayse
1880:Yemsa
1865:Maale
1860:Koore
1855:Konta
1850:Hamar
1835:Dorze
1825:Dawro
1820:Chara
1815:Bench
1805:Banna
1777:Werji
1695:Weyto
1665:Oromo
1660:Konso
1640:Gedeo
1635:Gabra
1630:Danta
1411:(PDF)
1404:(PDF)
1258:(PDF)
968:(PDF)
957:(PDF)
940:Notes
902:Kitfo
898:Kocho
847:kocho
651:Soddo
647:Chaha
639:Gumer
631:Muher
497:Shewa
462:Harla
430:Harla
284:Oromo
254:Silte
239:Tigre
206:Islam
98:JSTOR
84:books
1962:Nuer
1912:Bare
1845:Gofa
1840:Gamo
1830:Dizi
1800:Aari
1675:Saho
1650:Irob
1610:Agaw
1605:Afar
1505:blog
1419:2014
1288:2013
1177:OCLC
1167:ISBN
1142:OCLC
1132:ISBN
1111:2016
1098:ISBN
1016:ISBN
976:2021
873:zebu
862:teff
858:khat
856:and
812:khat
810:and
800:Teff
635:Geta
627:Ezha
623:Inor
555:any
553:cite
460:and
452:and
404:and
361:and
329:ʊəˈr
315:The
302:and
294:Saho
274:Beja
269:Agaw
264:Afar
70:news
2110:Zay
1782:Zay
1620:Awi
1465:doi
1276:CSA
659:Zay
566:by
515:of
259:Zay
53:by
2176::
1378:^
1360:^
1239:.
1175:.
1140:.
1082:^
1038:.
984:^
959:.
896:.
818:.
798:,
673:.
657:,
653:,
645:,
641:,
637:,
633:,
629:,
625:,
408:.
400:,
396:,
345:,
338:eɪ
332:ɑː
212:,
208:,
2117:-
2067:e
2060:t
2053:v
1572:e
1565:t
1558:v
1467::
1421:.
1290:.
1260:.
1224:.
1183:.
1148:.
1113:.
1024:.
978:.
593:)
587:(
582:)
578:(
574:.
560:.
341:/
335:ɡ
326:ɡ
323:/
319:(
120:)
114:(
109:)
105:(
95:·
88:·
81:·
74:·
47:.
20:)
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